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De La Torre, J. Antonio, Marina Rivero, Gamaliel Camacho, Luis Arturo Álvarez-Márquez, and Rodrigo A. Medellín. "First assessment of the conservation status of the jaguar Panthera onca in the Sierra Madre de Chiapas, Mexico." Oryx 53, no. 1 (2018): 192–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605318000558.
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AbstractAlthough the Near Threatened jaguar Panthera onca ranges from the south-west USA to central Argentina, populations outside Amazonia are generally small and isolated. One such area, the Sierra Madre de Chiapas in the state of Chiapas, Mexico, is potentially an important area for jaguar conservation but information on the species in this region is limited and its conservation status is unknown. In this study we documented the occurrence and abundance of jaguars in the Sierra Madre de Chiapas complex. We compiled all available records of the species within the region and conducted a camera-trap survey during August 2015–December 2016. Interviews were conducted to determine the perception of the jaguar by cattle owners and to obtain information on any livestock predation. We found that jaguars still occur throughout the Sierra Madre de Chiapas landscape, including the plains on the Pacific Coast of Chiapas, but its abundance in the region is low. On the basis of our findings we have incorporated the Sierra Madre de Chiapas in Mexico's National Jaguar Conservation Strategy, and recommend that international organizations include this area in their priorities for jaguar conservation. To improve coexistence between jaguars and the communities of the Sierra Madre de Chiapas, strategies need to be developed, in collaboration with the local communities, to improve livestock practices for reduction of predation by jaguars, to strengthen government conservation policies and to implement educational and communication programmes about the importance of this species in the region.
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Villarreal, Miguel L., Sandra L. Haire, Juan Carlos Bravo, and Laura M. Norman. "A Mosaic of Land Tenure and Ownership Creates Challenges and Opportunities for Transboundary Conservation in the US-Mexico Borderlands." Case Studies in the Environment 3, no. 1 (2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/cse.2019.002113.
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In the Madrean Sky Islands of western North America, a mixture of public and private land ownership and tenure creates a complex situation for collaborative efforts in conservation. In this case study, we describe the current ownership and management structures in the US-Mexico borderlands where social, political, and economic conditions create extreme pressures on the environment and challenges for conservation. On the United States side of the border, sky island mountain ranges are almost entirely publicly owned and managed by federal, state, and tribal organizations that manage and monitor species, habitats, and disturbances including fire. In contrast, public lands are scarce in the adjacent mountain ranges of Mexico, rather, a unique system of private parcels and communal lands makes up most of Mexico’s Natural Protected Areas. Several of the Protected Area reserves in Mexico form a matrix that serves to connect scattered habitats for jaguars dispersing northward toward public and private reserves in the United States from their northernmost breeding areas in Mexico. Despite the administrative or jurisdictional boundaries superimposed upon the landscape, we identify two unifying management themes that encourage collaborative management of transboundary landscape processes and habitat connectivity: jaguar conservation and wildfire management. This case study promotes understanding of conservation challenges as they are perceived and managed in a diversity of settings across the US-Mexico borderlands. Ultimately, recognizing the unique and important contributions of people living and working under different systems of land ownership and tenure will open doors for partnerships in achieving common goals. Una versión en español de este artículo está disponible como descarga.
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Verónica, Ortega Cabrera, and Torres Rodríguez Gloria. "Recientes hallazgos de murales en el Conjunto de los Jaguares, Teotihuacán, México." Arqueologia Iberoamericana 52 (December 15, 2023): 163–71. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10369110.
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Aquí se aborda el desarrollo de las intervenciones sobre pinturas murales en Teotihuacán y las estrategias aplicadas a nuevos hallazgos, como el realizado entre 2013 y 2015 en el Conjunto de Los Jaguares, perteneciente al Complejo Arquitectónico Quetzalpapálotl y situado en la parte norte de la monumental ciudad prehispánica.
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Gell‐Mann, Murray, and David Mermin. "The Quark and the Jaguar: Adventures in the Simple and the Complex." Physics Today 47, no. 9 (1994): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2808634.
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Gell-Mann, Murray, and David Park. "The Quark and the Jaguar: Adventures in the Simple and the Complex." American Journal of Physics 65, no. 2 (1997): 164–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.18607.
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Pierson, Steve, and Steve Richardson. "A Port in the Storm." Mechanical Engineering 121, no. 11 (1999): 78–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1999-nov-5.
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Computer simulation of the inlet port is helping to provide improved fuel economy and emissions in up-coming Jaguar models. Jaguar engineers have long wanted to improve the inlet port design process by simulating flow in alternative inlet port designs. The engineers, however, experienced problems in modeling the complex internal contours of the inlet port and chamber. The dramatic improvement in modeling speed combined with the high accuracy of sin1.ulation has made it practical to integrate computational fluid dynamics into the inlet port and chamber design process. Jaguar engineers are now able to evaluate concept designs within one week compared to the month or more that was required in the past. Engineers have been able to make significant improvements in the performance of their most recent inlet port designs, increasing flow efficiency by an average of 10 percent, while maintaining turbulence at acceptable levels. These improvements will provide significant reductions in fuel consumption and emissions in future Jaguar engines.
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Shaw, Harley G. "Borderland Jaguars." Wildlife Society Bulletin 33, no. 2 (2005): 780. http://dx.doi.org/10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[780a:br]2.0.co;2.
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Vélez, Karin. "“By means of tigers”: Jaguars as Agents of Conversion in Jesuit Mission Records of Paraguay and the Moxos, 1600–1768." Church History 84, no. 4 (2015): 768–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009640715000955.
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In the mid-1600s, the Jesuit Antonio Ruiz de Montoya reported that man-eating jaguars were helping to convert Guaraní Indians to Catholicism. This article tests his claim by aggregating multiple mentions of jaguars found in the accounts and letters of Jesuit missionaries in the reductions of Paraguay and the Moxos from the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, including the writing of Jesuits Antonio Ruiz de Montoya, François-Xavier Eder, Alonso Messia, and Martín Dobrizhoffer. Cumulatively, their predator sightings and references suggest that, indeed, the actions of real jaguars were transforming local religious beliefs. The presence of jaguars in Jesuit records also reveals the complexity of missionary and indigenous attitudes towards animals. Jesuits often associated jaguars with pre-Christian jaguar-shaman rituals, but also considered them to be divine instruments. Indigenous peoples sometimes preserved older practices, but also occasionally took real jaguars as an impetus to convert to Christianity. Both Jesuits and indigenous peoples reacted to jaguar incursions with violence as well as spiritual reflection. Most importantly, the prominence of active jaguars on this contested religious frontier suggests that animals should be viewed as more than symbols in Christian history. Jesuit records indicate that jaguars were key third players in zones where Europeans and indigenous populations met.
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Dobbins, Michael T., Michael K. Steinberg, Eben N. Broadbent, and Sadie J. Ryan. "Habitat use, activity patterns and human interactions with jaguars Panthera onca in southern Belize." Oryx 52, no. 2 (2017): 276–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605317000308.
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AbstractParts of southern Belize are designated as a corridor for the jaguar Panthera onca but the Maya region remains understudied. We therefore studied jaguar habitat use, activity patterns, and interactions with people in Blue Creek, a Maya village in a human-dominated tropical landscape in southern Belize. We used camera traps to detect jaguar presence, and interviews to assess local people's attitudes to and perceptions of jaguars. We recorded 28 independent photographic events during 1,200 camera-trap nights (i.e. a relative abundance index of 2.3 jaguars per 100 trap days). Seven individual jaguars were identified. Jaguars preferred lowland broad-leaf tropical forest and were detected more often during daylight, in contrast to findings from previous studies. Attitudes towards jaguars were largely positive: 88% of respondents (n = 48) did not fear jaguars living around the village, and 81% understood the positive effect that jaguars have on the ecosystem. Although 92% of respondents reported seeing a jaguar within the previous 2 years, attacks on livestock in the village were rare, with only two occurrences in the previous 3 years. Ecotourism has grown rapidly in Belize in recent years, and Blue Creek is home to several natural tourist attractions and an eco-lodge that brings tourists, school groups, and researchers to the village. Ecotourism has provided an economic incentive for village investment in conservation, and 94% of respondents stated that preservation of wildlife, including jaguars, was beneficial to their well-being.
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Montanha, Julio César, Sérgio Leme Silva, and Vanner Boere. "Comparison of salivary cortisol concentrations in Jaguars kept in captivity with differences in exposure to the public." Ciência Rural 39, no. 6 (2009): 1745–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-84782009005000089.
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For the most part, jaguars kept in captivity are used for educational and recreational purposes and it hasn't been determined the different impacts that public exposure would have on these animals. In this study, we compared the salivary cortisol, one of the stress indicator hormones, in seven captive jaguars exposed to the high and low public visitation. Saliva was collected using an absorbent material that was chewed by the animals and subsequently analyzed through an immunoenzymatic assay. Salivary cortisol concentrations were significantly higher in the jaguars with higher public exposure, which suggest a more hormonal stress response. These results indicated that jaguars, animals usually of solitary and secretive behavior, may have their welfare considerably diminished by increased public exposure. Additionally, design of the enclosures, without refuges and proximity of people, could predispose jaguars to psychological stress.
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Flores, Abner. "Eagles and Jaguars." Jung Journal 14, no. 4 (2020): 18–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19342039.2020.1822116.
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Blake, John, Diego Mosquera, Gabriela Vinueza-Hidalgo, and Bette Loiselle. "Two decades of jaguar and puma (Carnivora: Felidae) activity in lowland forest of eastern Ecuador." Revista de Biología Tropical 73, no. 1 (2025): e61782. https://doi.org/10.15517/rev.biol.trop..v73i1.61782.
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Introduction: Jaguars (Panthera onca) and pumas (Puma concolor) are the two largest terrestrial predators in lowland Neotropical forests and as such, are important contributors to the ecosystem. Yet, long-term studies on their temporal and spatial patterns of occurrence are not common. Objectives: To update a previous eight year (2005-2012) camera-trap study on jaguars at Tiputini Biodiversity Station, Yasuní Biosphere Reserve, with data from 2014 through 2023; and to add complementary information on pumas. Methods: We used camera traps set along trails or at mineral licks to document the occurrence of jaguars and pumas. Individual jaguars were identified by their distinctive coat patterns. Results: Capture rates from 2014 to 2023 varied from 0 to 2.94 images/100 trap days for jaguars and from 0.46 to 4.88 for pumas. These rates were similar or increased across all years for both species. We identified 28 individual jaguars during the second sample period, including 18 males and seven females. Periods between captures ranged from 1 to 84 months, with eight individuals recorded over at least 36 months. Including images from the first period (2005-2012), when 21 individuals were identified, it is likely that ~50 individual jaguars have occurred in or close to the research station over 19 years. Jaguars were primarily active during daylight hours, while pumas were more active at night. Conclusions: TBS is embedded within a large biosphere reserve but is too small (~670 ha) to cover the home range of either species. Nonetheless, given the number of records and the fact that capture rates have not declined in the past two decades, this region is important for the conservation of these two species and the many prey they depend on.
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Torres-Romero, Erik Joaquin, Gerardo Ceballos, Francisco Botello, José Ignacio González Rojas, Anthony J. Giordano, and José Vicente López-Bao. "Jaguar conservation in the American continent: the role of protected landscape and human-impacted biomes." Revista de Biología Tropical 71, no. 1 (2023): e50507. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rev.biol.trop..v71i1.50507.
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Introduction: Worldwide, expanding human activities continue to be a threat to many large-bodied species, including jaguars. As these activities continue, it is critical to understand how home range sizes will be impacted by human-modified landscapes. Objective: To evaluate the importance of protected and unprotected land on home-range size across their range. Methods: We used home range data from 117 jaguars in several habitat protection categories and human biome types. We used a Generalized Linear Mixed Model to test home range and spatial overlap with conservation categories and human biomes. Results: Most home-ranges were in Jaguar Conservation Units (62 %), followed by Protected Areas (21 %), Indigenous People's Lands (10 %) and Jaguar Movement Corridors (3 %), where 76 % of the jaguars lived inside one the first three conservation types. However, outside of conserved land, Rangeland, Cropland, Seminatural land and other human biomes were also important (24 % of the individuals). Jaguars in Rangeland, Cropland and Seminatural land had the largest home ranges. Conclusions: Although conservation land was dominant, human-impacted lands appear to play a considerable role in satisfying the spatial requirements of jaguars.
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Gutiérrez-González, Carmina E., and Carlos A. López-González. "Jaguar interactions with pumas and prey at the northern edge of jaguars’ range." PeerJ 5 (January 18, 2017): e2886. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2886.
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We present the first study that evaluates jaguar-puma interactions in the arid lands of northern Mexico, where jaguars have their northernmost breeding population and both predators are persecuted for livestock depredation. We tested whether jaguars are the dominant species in this unique ecosystem, where: (1) pumas outnumber jaguars, (2) pumas are better adapted to arid environments, and (3) jaguars and pumas are of similar size. We analyzed four years of data with two approaches; a two species conditional occupancy model and an activity patterns analysis. We used camera location and prey presence as covariates for jaguar and puma detection and presence probabilities. We also explored overlap in activities of predators and prey. Where both species were detected, peccary presence was positively correlated with both jaguar and puma presence, whereas in areas where jaguars were detected but pumas were not, deer presence explained the probability of jaguar presence. We found that both predators were more likely to co-occur together than to be found independently, and so we rejected the hypothesis that jaguars were the dominant species in our study area. Predators were mainly nocturnal and their activity patterns overlapped by 60%. Jaguar, as compared with puma, overlapped more with deer and calves; puma overlapped with calves more than with other prey, suggesting a preference. We believe exploring predator relationships at different scales may help elucidate mechanisms that regulate their coexistence.
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Fort, Jessica L., Clayton K. Nielsen, Andrew D. Carver, Ricardo Moreno, and Ninon F. V. Meyer. "Factors influencing local attitudes and perceptions regarding jaguars Panthera onca and National Park conservation in Panama." Oryx 52, no. 2 (2017): 282–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605317001016.
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AbstractThroughout its range in Latin America the jaguar Panthera onca is threatened by habitat loss and fragmentation, and conflict with humans. Protected areas in Panama harbour some of the last remaining suitable habitat for jaguars and are vital to conservation. However, no previous studies had assessed which factors in particular affect the tolerance of rural Panamanians towards jaguars and National Park conservation, which is important to jaguar persistence. Whether these factors are consistent with previous research on human–carnivore coexistence is unclear. To address this we estimated the number of instances of depredation of cattle by jaguars, and assessed attitudes and perceptions of rural Panamanians. We conducted semi-structured interviews in two disparate study areas: Cerro Hoya National Park and Darién National Park. Depredation events were more frequent in the latter, but only residents of the former reported conflict between people and coyotes Canis latrans. Positive perceptions of jaguars and National Parks, and criticism of park management, increased with level of education and land ownership. Men were more open to receiving help on their farms to mitigate impacts of jaguars, and more tolerant of the presence of jaguars, than women. Residents from both study areas indicated high appreciation for their respective National Parks. We provide recommendations to improve community outreach and education initiatives, and suggest priority areas for future mitigation efforts concerning human–jaguar interactions in Panama.
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Boccacino, Débora, Caroline Marques Maia, Eliana Ferraz Dos Santos, and Ricardo Tadeu Santori. "INACTIVITY AT NIGHT: A CASE STUDY OF THE NOCTURNAL BEHAVIORS OF TWO CAPTIVE Panthera onca (FELIDAE) SPECIMENS." Acta Biológica Colombiana 25, no. 3 (2020): 359–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/abc.v25n3.80892.
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Inactivity is a common daytime behavior expressed by wild cats in zoos. It is not clear whether this inactivity is due to the constraints of the captive environment or is a result of a more natural behavior by these animals. Therefore, this work evaluated the behavior of two Panthera oncacaptive specimens, including their inactivity, during the evening/night period. The jaguars were filmed individually in different days, starting at 5:30 pm and finishing between 7:00 pm and 1:30 am, including non-feeding and feeding days. Regardless of whether they were fed or not, both jaguars expressed a significant rate of inactivity. In addition, when fed, one of the jaguars increased its movements and active behaviors, although its inactivity remained high, while the other jaguar further reduced the expression of such behaviors. Therefore, this work concludes that these jaguars were just as inactive during the evening/night period as they were during daytime. Excessive inactivity might be regarded as a negative behavior; with its highest expression being an effect of the captive environment, which might compromise the welfare of the assessed jaguars and possibly of other wild cats. In addition, since the behavioral expression varied between the studied jaguars, depending on the feeding or non-feeding status, we recommend that futures studies should taking into account the individual variations, especially when there are differences in age, health, and management conditions between the specimens.
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ONUMA, Selma Samiko Miyazaki, Daniel Luis Zanella KANTEK, Peter Gransden CRAWSHAW JÚNIOR, et al. "DETECTION OF Leptospira spp. AND Brucella abortus ANTIBODIES IN FREE-LIVING JAGUARS (Panthera onca) IN TWO PROTECTED AREAS OF NORTHERN PANTANAL, BRAZIL." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 57, no. 2 (2015): 177–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652015000200014.
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This study aimed to assess the exposure of free-living jaguars (Panthera onca) to Leptospira spp. and Brucella abortus in two conservation units in the Pantanal of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The presence of antibodies in blood samples of eleven jaguars was investigated using autochthonous antigens isolated in Brazil added to reference antigen collection applied to diagnosis of leptospirosis by Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT). The Rose Bengal test was applied for B. abortus antibodies. Two (18.2%) jaguars were seroreactive for the Leptospira spp. antigen and the serovar considered as most infective in both animals was a Brazilian isolate of serovar Canicola (L01). All jaguars were seronegative for B. abortus. These data indicate that the inclusion of autochthonous antigens in serological studies can significantly increase the number of reactive animals, as well as modify the epidemiological profile of Leptospira spp. infection.
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Onuma, Selma Samiko Miyazaki, Andréia Lima Tomé Melo, Daniel Luis Zanella Kantek, et al. "Exposure of free-living jaguars to Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum and Sarcocystis neurona in the Brazilian Pantanal." Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária 23, no. 4 (2014): 547–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612014077.
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Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum and Sarcocystis neurona are related apicomplexan parasites that cause reproductive and neurological disorders in a wide range of domestic and wild animals. In the present study, the immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) was used to investigate the presence of antibodies against T. gondii, N. caninum and S. neurona in the sera of 11 free-living jaguars (Panthera onca) in two protected areas in the Pantanal region of Mato Grosso state, Brazil. Ten jaguars (90.9%) showed seropositivity for T. gondii, eight (72.7%) for S. neurona, and seven (63.6%) for N. caninum antigens. Our findings reveal exposure of jaguars to these related coccidian parasites and circulation of these pathogens in this wild ecosystem. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first serological detection of N. caninum and S. neurona in free-living jaguars.
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RENGIFO, Edgardo M., Jason SCULLION, Luis E. CUETO, and Victor HUAYTALLA. "A NEW CASE OF MELANIC JAGUAR, Panthera onca (CARNIVORA: FELIDAE) FROM PERU." Folia Amazónica 28, no. 2 (2020): 249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.24841/fa.v28i2.485.
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We report a new case of melanism in jaguars, Panthera onca, using camera traps in the Parque Nacional Ichigkat Muja - Cordillera del Cóndor, Amazonas - Peru. This report increases our knowledge related to polymorphic variations found in jaguars.
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Hidalgo-Mihart, Mircea G., Fernando M. Contreras-Moreno, Alejandro Jesús de la Cruz, and Rugieri Juárez-López. "Validation of the Calakmul–Laguna de Terminos corridor for jaguarsPanthera oncain south-eastern Mexico." Oryx 52, no. 2 (2017): 292–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605316001083.
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AbstractThe fragmentation of jaguarPanthera oncapopulations as a result of habitat loss is considered to be one of the main challenges for the conservation of the species. Corridors have been proposed as a means of maintaining connectivity and the long-term viability of jaguar populations. The corridor that connects the jaguar conservation units of Calakmul and Laguna de Terminos in Mexico has been considered to be a link for the movement of individuals between these units but its functionality had yet to be verified. During 2012–2014 we divided the corridor into four sections, where we used camera traps to verify the corridor's functionality. We obtained 106 photographs of jaguars, proving the presence of jaguars (including resident jaguars and females) in three of the corridor sections. We did not record any individuals in more than one section of the corridor. The presence of several resident jaguars and females throughout the corridor suggests that portions of the corridor should be incorporated into the Calakmul and Laguna de Terminos jaguar conservation units. Nevertheless, to confirm that the corridor is fully functional it is necessary to obtain evidence of movement of jaguars among the various sections of the corridor. Our results suggest that the area should be included in regional conservation strategies.
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Thiago Cavalheri Luczinski, Gediendson Ribeiro de Araújo, Matheus Folgearini Silveira, et al. "Medetomidine may cause heart murmur in Cougars and Jaguars: case report." Journal of Threatened Taxa 12, no. 14 (2020): 17000–17002. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.6098.12.14.17000-17002.
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We report heart murmur in Jaguars and Cougars found during reproductive procedures for semen and oocyte collection. Two male Cougars (n=2) and three female Jaguars (n=3) were examined. Anesthesia was performed with ketamine and medetomidine in males. Females also received propofol and were maintained with isoflurane. The animals were evaluated during anesthetic monitoring with multiparameter monitor alongside clinical examination, ambulatory electrocardiogram and echocardiogram. All animals presented mitral valve regurgitation under anesthesia, but without morphological changes in the cardiac structure or hemodynamic changes. Medetomidine may cause transitory heart murmur in healthy Jaguars and Cougars. 
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Baryshnikov, G. F. "Pleistocene felidae (Mammalia, Carnivora) from the Kudaro Paleolithic sites in the Caucasus." Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS 315, no. 3 (2011): 197–226. http://dx.doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2011.315.3.197.
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The Kudaro Paleolithic site complex in Southern Ossetia includes five species of felids: Panthera onca gombaszoegensis, P. spelaea, P. pardus, Felis silvestris and possibly Lynx lynx. The fossil jaguar P. onca gombaszoegensis was identified from the lowest stratigraphic level of the Middle Pleistocene (Likhvian = Holsteinian Interglacial). Remains of P. pardus and Felis silvestris were recovered from all layers. Panthera spelaea and Lynx lynx represent northern migrants appeared there at the end of the Middle Pleistocene and Late Pleistocene respectively.
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Amos, Amy Mathews. "Can Logging Help Jaguars?" Scientific American 319, no. 2 (2018): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0818-20.
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Gow, Peter. "On jaguars and fish." HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory 7, no. 2 (2017): 71–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.14318/hau7.2.009.
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A. "Can Logging Help Jaguars?" Scientific American 319, no. 2 (2018): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican082018-5soubykpovipffc24dwnwm.
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Golcher Benavides, Jimena, and Maurizzio Protti Quesada. "Fish Species Richness in Lowland Streams with a Geothermal Input Phenomenon, Sarapiquí de Heredia, Costa Rica." ISRN Ecology 2011 (April 3, 2011): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2011/695492.
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Lowland streams of the Caribbean Costa Rican slope are naturally enriched by minerals and solutes such as phosphorus, a phenomenon known as geothermal input. The resulting stream phosphorus gradient affects the food web by altering primary production, leading to complex biotic and abiotic interactions. The objective of this study was to describe fish species richness patterns in relation to a naturally occurring phosphorus gradient in three lowland streams. We hypothesized that phosphorus input in La Selva Biological Station streams is correlated with species richness. 354 individuals were identified at 4 sites: Surá, El Salto, Sábalo and Jaguar, using a cast net, a total of 150 throws were made, distributed in 10 samplings, at each site. An estimation of species richness along with alpha and beta diversity indices were calculated in order to describe fish community structure. Species richness was estimated to be higher at Jaguar but presents a lower phosphorus enrichment. Jaguar and Sábalo, differed the most while Salto and Surá were the most similar as indicated by species turnover among streams. There is a non significant relationship between phosphorus levels and diversity; however, this interesting trend encourages further studies on species richness patterns and natural nutrient enrichment of streams.
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Johnson, Bruce K., Michael J. Mondello, and John C. Whitehead. "The Value of Public Goods Generated by a National Football League Team." Journal of Sport Management 21, no. 1 (2007): 123–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.21.1.123.
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Using the contingent valuation method, this article estimates the value of public goods the National Football League’s Jaguars produce for Jacksonville, Florida, including the value of elevating Jacksonville to “major league” status and the value of improving racial relations. It also estimates the incremental value of public goods potentially produced by a National Basketball Association team in Jacksonville. The present value of public goods created by the Jaguars is $36.5 million or less, far below subsidies provided to attract the Jaguars. For a basketball team, the figure is less than $22.8 million. The results add to the growing body of CVM literature indicating that sport public goods probably cannot justify the large public expenditures on stadiums and arenas.
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GARANE, Ali, Koussao SOME, Jeanne NiKIEMA, Mamoudou TRAORE, and Mahamadou SAWADOGO. "Etude du comportement de neuf cultivars de tomates (Solanum Lycopersicum L.) dans différentes zones agro-écologiques du Burkina Faso pendant l’hivernage." Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences 40, no. 3 (2019): 6656–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.35759/janmplsci.v40-3.1.
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Etude du comportement de neuf cultivars de tomates (Solanum Lycopersicum L.) dans différentes zones agro-écologiques du Burkina Faso pendant l’hivernage. Ali GARANE1*, Koussao SOME1, Jeanne NiKIEMA1, Mamoudou TRAORE2 et Mahamadou SAWADOGO3 1* Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA/CREAF-Kamboinse), Département Production Végétale/Programme Cultures Maraîchères, Fruitières, Plantes à Tubercules, 01 BP 470 Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso. 2Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA/CREAF-Kamboinsè), Département Gestion des Ressources Naturelles/Système de Production, 03 BP 470 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso. 3Université Ouaga I Pr Joseph KI-ZERBO/Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Science de la Vie et de la Terre (UO/UFR-SVT), Laboratoire de Génétique et Biotechnologie Végétale, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso. * Correspondance, courriel: ali_garane@yahoo.fr Mots clés: Tomate, performance, hivernage, maladies, Burkina Faso. Key words: Tomato, wintering, performance, diseases, Burkina Faso. Publication date 30/06/2019 http://www.m.elewa.org/JAPS 1. RESUME Objectif: Au cours de la saison hivernale 2014-2015, une étude portant sur neuf cultivars améliorés de tomate a été réalisée dans 5 zones agro-écologiques (Kamboinsè, Loumbila, Komgoussi, Yako et Salgo) du Burkina Faso. Les observations et mesures ont porté sur la sensibilité au flétrissement bactérien, le rendement et ces composants essentiels afin de déterminer les cultivars les mieux adaptés aux conditions de culture d’hivernage dans les zones de l’étude. Méthodologie et résultats: Le dispositif expérimental est un bloc complet de Fisher randomisé de 4 répétitions avec des traitements constitués des variétés V1, V2, V3, V4, V5 , V6, V7, V8 et V9. Les plants ont été repiqués en ligne simple en parcelles élémentaires de 37,5 m2. Les écartements sont de 0,75 m sur 0,40 m, soit une densité de 33333 pieds/ha. Les variables suivantes de productivité ont été supérieures à Yako pour la densité chez les cultivars Thorgal, Gempride, Jaguard, Mongal, Nadira respectives de 67,75; 71,75; 80,12; 99,5 et 108,75 plants/37,5 m². A Salgo pour le poids moyen du fruit chez Jaguard (56,06 g) Mongal (55,63g), FBT5 (51,1 g) et Thorgal (48,8 g) et à Kongoussi pour Gempride (55,63 g). Les cultivars Rs et Nadira ont observé des rendements meilleurs à Yako respectifs de 28,72 et 28,73 t/ha. A Salgo, les hybrides Gempride, Mongal, FBT5, Jaguard et Thorgal ont été plus performant avec respectivement 21,65; 20,3; 20,0; 17,46 et 15,14 t/ha. Conclusion et application des résultats: Selon la moyenne des rendements, les meilleurs sites ont été par ordres décroissant Yako (19,044 t/ha), Salgo (17,44), Kongoussi (7,06 t/ha), Loumbila (6,87 t/ha) et Kamboinsè (2,97 t/ha). Dans le même ordre, les meilleures variétés ont été Nadira, Rs, Gempride, Jaguar, Thorgal, Mongal, FBT5 avec respectivement 13,87, 10,79; 10,23; 9,66; 8,23 et 7,08 t/ha. Si nous couplons à cela la tolérance aux flétrissements, Jaguar, Nadira et Gempride demeurent les meilleures variétés suivies de Mongal et FBT5. Les résultats obtenus sur les 5 sites ont montré une variabilité importante. Ce qui est peut-être du à la maitrise des techniques de production qui n’ont pas été homogènes d’un site à un autre et à la particularité de chaque variété. Pour améliorer la performance de ces variétés, il paraît indiqué de poursuivre les recherches dans une approche agronomique visant la maîtrise de l’eau d’irrigation, une gestion intégrée des ravageurs et maladies pendant le cycle cultural.
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Lee, Jason W. "Interview With Dan Edwards, Senior Vice President, Communications, Jacksonville Jaguars." International Journal of Sport Communication 6, no. 4 (2013): 391–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsc.6.4.391.
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In 2013, Dan Edwards marks his 30th season in the NFL and his 20th year with the Jacksonville Jaguars. He is responsible for overseeing the Jaguars’ communications division, which includes media relations, digital media, and broadcasting. Edwards was promoted to vice president in 2003, when the Jaguars’ community relations and Internet content departments were added to his responsibilities. He is one of eight current Jaguars staff members who have been with the franchise since its first year in 1994. Edwards received a scholarship from NFL Charities in 1984, the year he began his NFL career as a public relations intern in the NFL office in New York. He spent the 1984 football season working in publicity for the Miami Dolphins before joining the Pittsburgh Steelers in 1985. Edwards served as the Steelers’ public relations director from 1987 to 1993. Pittsburgh’s public relations staff received the 1991 Pete Rozelle Award from the Pro Football Writers of America. Edwards, who has worked with the NFL staff at 23 Super Bowls, has an undergraduate degree in business administration with a major in management from the University of Oregon and a master’s degree in sports administration and facility management from Ohio University.
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Carvalho, Elildo A. R., and Juarez C. B. Pezzuti. "Hunting of jaguars and pumas in the Tapajós–Arapiuns Extractive Reserve, Brazilian Amazonia." Oryx 44, no. 4 (2010): 610–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003060531000075x.
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AbstractWe surveyed the Tapajós–Arapiuns Extractive Reserve in Brazilian Amazonia to investigate hunting of jaguars Panthera onca and pumas Puma concolor. We interviewed 115 people in 45 villages in 2007–2008, and recorded numbers of jaguars and pumas killed and the circumstances associated with each killing. At least 32 jaguars and 22 pumas were killed in the Reserve, most within the last 10 years. However, these are underestimates because people probably did not mention all kills during interviews. The first-order jackknife suggests that the actual mortality for the two species is almost double that reported. Using data from 2006–2007 as a reference we estimated a minimum mortality of 12 jaguars and seven pumas per year in the Reserve. Most animals were killed during chance encounters, a large number of these elicited by domestic dogs. Hunting motivated by livestock predation or perceived risks to human life were rare. Hunters kill large carnivores on sight and thus one alternative to reduce hunting is to take measures that will decrease encounter rates, such as forbidding hunting with dogs. Education and extension programmes are needed to ensure the long-term coexistence of humans and large carnivores in this Reserve.
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Arroyo-Arce, Stephanny, and Ian Thomson. "Insights into the human-jaguar Panthera onca (Carnivora: Felidae) interactions in Tortuguero National Park, Costa Rica." UNED Research Journal 16 (August 8, 2024): e5322. http://dx.doi.org/10.22458/urj.v16i1.5322.
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Introduction: Human-wildlife interactions are on the rise due to anthropogenic pressures. Understanding these interactions is crucial for preventing conflict and promoting coexistence, ultimately benefitting humans and wildlife. Objective: In this study, we analysed the interactions between humans and jaguars Panthera onca in Tortuguero National Park, Costa Rica. Methods: We examined data concerning jaguar sightings within Tortuguero National Park, Costa Rica compiled from 2000 to 2022. Results: A total of 381 jaguar sightings were recorded, of which 75% occurred in the coastal habitat; 81% occurred during the leatherback sea turtle Dermochelys coriacea (March-May) and the green sea turtle Chelonia mydas (June-October) nesting seasons. From photographic records, 26 individual jaguars were identified (14 females, 12 males). Furthermore, 9% of the sightings were reported within the boundaries of Tortuguero village, where at least 48 domestic dogs Canis lupus familiaris were attacked by jaguars. Conclusions: Despite the jaguar's cryptic nature, the data show an increase in the frequency and duration of jaguar sightings over the years. This trend is likely due to an increase in the local jaguar population and possibly an increase in jaguars' tolerance towards humans, possibly triggered by people's inappropriate behaviour (e.g. approaching jaguars while feeding, mating or with their cubs) during the sightings. Our study also highlights the potential for conflict due to jaguar predation of domestic dogs, which is increasing within the study area. Therefore, there is a need for management action to promote coexistence between humans and the local jaguar population in Tortuguero National Park, Costa Rica.
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Pérez-Flores, Jonathan, Héctor Arias-Domínguez, and Nicolás Arias-Domínguez. "First documented predation of a Baird’s tapir by a jaguar in the Calakmul region, Mexico." Neotropical Biology and Conservation 15, no. 4 (2020): 453–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neotropical.15.e57029.
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To date, records of predation on Baird’s tapir (Tapirus bairdii) by jaguars (Panthera onca) were anecdotal and did not allow for differentiation regarding whether the animal had been preyed upon or scavenged. Here, we present the first documented event of predation on a Baird’s tapir by a jaguar in the Calakmul region, Campeche, Mexico. In August 2017, we observed a jaguar eating a juvenile female Baird’s tapir; when we analysed the skull, we observed the characteristic “lethal bite” with which jaguars kill their prey by piercing the temporal and parietal bones with their canine teeth. Jaguars select to attack tapirs when they are most vulnerable (young or sick). Records of these type of events are important for understanding the food webs and ecology of these iconic Neotropical species that inhabit the Mesoamerican forests.
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Contreras-Díaz, Carlos A., Leroy Soria-Díaz, Yuriana Gómez-Ortiz, et al. "Temporal and spatial segregation of top predators (Felidae) in a Mexican tropical Biosphere Reserve." Zoologia 38 (June 25, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.38.e63231.
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Jaguars, Panthera onca (Linnaeus, 1758), and pumas, Puma concolor (Linnaeus, 1771) are the largest felids in the neotropics. Both can overlap in niche axes (time, space and prey), and are therefore potentially competing species. Segregation mechanisms presented by a low overlap in one of these axes of niche can facilitate the coexistence. Our aim was to analyze jaguar and puma temporal and spatial overlap for understanding their segregation mechanisms. Between 2015 and 2017, twenty-six camera trap stations were located in five habitat types of El Cielo Biosphere Reserve (ECBR) in northeastern Mexico. Temporal activity was analyzed using circular statistics and time overlap analysis. Spatial overlap was calculated with the Pianka index and a selectivity habitat analysis. Our results showed that jaguars and pumas were nocturnal and that the temporal overlap was high (∆4 = 0.77). We found an intermediate spatial overlap (Pianka index = 0.61). Jaguars were more selective and preferred the deciduous forest. In comparison, pumas preferred oak-pine forest, but also used oak and deciduous forest. Our results indicate that spatial segregation best explains the coexistence of jaguars and pumas in our study area, probably due to both habitat diversity in the reserve and the generalist habits of the puma.
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Silver, Scott C., Linde E. T. Ostro, Laura K. Marsh, et al. "The use of camera traps for estimating jaguar Panthera onca abundance and density using capture/recapture analysis." Oryx 38, no. 2 (2004): 148–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605304000286.
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Across their range jaguars Panthera onca are important conservation icons for several reasons: their important role in ecosystems as top carnivores, their cultural and economic value, and their potential conflicts with livestock. However, jaguars have historically been difficult to monitor. This paper outlines the first application of a systematic camera trapping methodology for abundance estimation of jaguars. The methodology was initially developed to estimate tiger abundance in India. We used a grid of camera traps deployed for 2 months, identified individual animals from their pelage patterns, and estimated population abundance using capture-recapture statistical models. We applied this methodology in a total of five study sites in the Mayan rainforest of Belize, the Chaco dry forest of Bolivia, and the Amazonian rainforest of Bolivia. Densities were 2.4–8.8 adult individuals per 100 km2, based on 7–11 observed animals, 16–37 combined ‘captures’ and ‘recaptures’, 486–2,280 trap nights, and sample areas of 107–458 km2. The sampling technique will be used to continue long-term monitoring of jaguar populations at the same sites, to compare with further sites, and to develop population models. This method is currently the only systematic population survey technique for jaguars, and has the potential to be applied to other species with individually recognizable markings.
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Figel, Joe J., Elvira Durán, and David Barton Bray. "Conservation of the jaguar Panthera onca in a community-dominated landscape in montane forests in Oaxaca, Mexico." Oryx 45, no. 4 (2011): 554–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605310001353.
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AbstractWe examined the presence of the jaguar Panthera onca, and human–jaguar interactions, in a community-dominated montane tropical forest landscape with formally recognized indigenous/community conserved areas in the Sierra Norte of Oaxaca state, Mexico. We used camera traps to detect jaguars, and social data were collected through informal interviews and 46 semi-structured and 106 structured interviews with community leaders and members. During June 2007–June 2008 camera traps registered two jaguars in the four study communities after 1,164 trap nights, with a photo-capture rate of 7.8 jaguar captures per 1,000 trap nights. Interviews documented 86 jaguar sightings since 1990. Despite some history of livestock predation, 68% of the interviewed farmers indicated jaguar presence was positive, 20% that jaguar presence was both positive and negative, and 12% thought jaguars were a negative presence. All of the respondents with negative attitudes had either owned cattle previously or lost cattle to predation. Despite ongoing risks to jaguars the emergence of community-conserved areas, local conservation initiatives, and a community-imposed hunting ban are supported by 93% of community members. An emerging culture of conservation in the study communities suggests there is an opportunity for jaguar conservation on community lands that should be explored elsewhere in jaguar range countries.
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Kirnew, Murillo Daparé, Matheus Folgearini Silveira, Roberto Andres Navarrete Ampuero, et al. "Evaluation of Echocardiographic, Conventional Electrocardiographic, and Holter Variables in Jaguars (Panthera Onca) Anesthetized with Medetomidine and Ketamine: Implications for Management and Conservation." Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens 6, no. 1 (2025): 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/jzbg6010013.
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Jaguars play a crucial role in population control across multiple biomes. They are endangered and protected by in situ and ex situ conservation mechanisms to ensure their conservation. Cardiovascular diseases in wild mammals, including jaguars, often have unclear etiopathogenies, underscoring the need for research into novel hemodynamic parameters. This study evaluates the cardiovascular health of fifteen clinically healthy jaguars using conventional and Holter electrocardiography, non-invasive systemic blood pressure measurement, and echocardiography. Chemical restraint was achieved with medetomidine (0.08–0.1 mg/kg) and ketamine (5 mg/kg), with anesthesia reversed using atipamezole (0.25 mg/kg). The average heart rate was 72 ± 18 bpm, with sinus rhythm in ten animals and sinus arrhythmia in five. Six animals exhibited first and second-degree atrioventricular blocks, one had supraventricular complexes, and another had premature ventricular complexes. Non-invasive systolic blood pressure remained stable at 163 ± 29 mmHg during anesthesia. Echocardiographic examination revealed mitral, tricuspid, pulmonary, and aortic valve insufficiencies via color Doppler. The transmitral flow showed a normal E/A ratio and E` < A`, suggesting a pseudonormal ventricular filling pattern. No significant anesthetic complications were observed, affirming the protocol’s safety. This study provides valuable data, validating the anesthetic protocol and establishing reference cardiovascular values for jaguars, thus paving the way for future research in other veterinary species.
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Contreras-Díaz, Carlos A., Leroy Soria-Díaz, Yuriana Gómez-Ortiz, et al. "Temporal and spatial segregation of top predators (Felidae) in a Mexican tropical Biosphere Reserve." Zoologia 38 (June 25, 2021): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.38.e63231.
Full textAbstract:
Jaguars, Panthera onca (Linnaeus, 1758), and pumas, Puma concolor (Linnaeus, 1771) are the largest felids in the neotropics. Both can overlap in niche axes (time, space and prey), and are therefore potentially competing species. Segregation mechanisms presented by a low overlap in one of these axes of niche can facilitate the coexistence. Our aim was to analyze jaguar and puma temporal and spatial overlap for understanding their segregation mechanisms. Between 2015 and 2017, twenty-six camera trap stations were located in five habitat types of El Cielo Biosphere Reserve (ECBR) in northeastern Mexico. Temporal activity was analyzed using circular statistics and time overlap analysis. Spatial overlap was calculated with the Pianka index and a selectivity habitat analysis. Our results showed that jaguars and pumas were nocturnal and that the temporal overlap was high (∆<sub>4</sub> = 0.77). We found an intermediate spatial overlap (Pianka index = 0.61). Jaguars were more selective and preferred the deciduous forest. In comparison, pumas preferred oak-pine forest, but also used oak and deciduous forest. Our results indicate that spatial segregation best explains the coexistence of jaguars and pumas in our study area, probably due to both habitat diversity in the reserve and the generalist habits of the puma.
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Azevedo, Fernando C. C., Ricardo L. Costa, Henrique V. B. Concone, André Pires-da Silva, and Luciano M. Verdade. "Cannibalism Among Jaguars (Panthera onca)." Southwestern Naturalist 55, no. 4 (2010): 597–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1894/rts-10.1.
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Alcayna-Stevens, Lys. "Chimpanzés, jaguars et ventriloquisme ethnographique." Cahiers d'anthropologie sociale N° 18, no. 1 (2019): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/cas.018.0109.
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Galetti, M., E. Eizirik, B. Beisiegel, et al. "Atlantic Rainforest's Jaguars in Decline." Science 342, no. 6161 (2013): 930. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.342.6161.930-a.
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Gaitán, Carlos A., Vivian R. González-Castillo, Gerber D. Guzmán-Flores, Andrea L. Aguilera, and Manolo J. García. "Visitation patterns of jaguars Panthera onca (Carnivora: Felidae) to isolated water ponds in a tropical forest landscape." Therya 12, no. 1 (2021): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.12933/therya-21-915.
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Jaguar populations have declined dramatically in the last century. The Maya Biosphere Reserve (MBR) within the Selva Maya (SM) is a priority area for jaguar conservation. Influential factors in the jaguar seasonal distribution include the availability of surface water in wetlands such as the “aguadas” and the availability of prey. Aguadas are formed by isolated depressions in the landscape and serve as a water supply for wildlife during dry periods. The goal of this study was to describe the visitation patterns of jaguars to aguadas in a Tropical forest at Dos Lagunas Protected Biotopo, a core zone of the MBR, Guatemala. We used camera-trap data from seven aguadas during the dry seasons 2014-2017. We determined visitation rates (VR, records for 1,000 trap-days) and activity patterns (AP) of jaguars for all years, aguadas, and sexes. We tested for significant differences in AP between sexes, and we estimated the coefficient of overlap (D) for female and male jaguar activity. We recorded 14 individuals (five females, eight males, and one unsexed) in 60 visit events. Jaguars have significant more diurnal activity at aguadas, and showed a VR = 13.1 for 1,000 trap-days. VR varied between aguadas (VR = 9.5 – 19.4), years (VR = 1.9 – 39.2) and sexes (VR = 6.1 for females and 5.5 for males). We did not find significant differences in the AP of female and male jaguars (P > 0.05). The coefficient of overlap between activity of females and males was D = 0.77 (95 % confidence interval: 0.70 to 0.84; P > 0.05). Aguadas may represent regular sites of jaguar home-ranges overlap for the important resources they provide for wildlife during the dry season. Aguadas could play an important role in the conservation and management of jaguar populations since the spatial distribution of these bodies of water is scattered, but ecologically important for jaguars within the MBR and the SM. Aguadas also, are important landscape features that could influence the spatial interactions of individuals. We encourage jaguar researchers to increase investigation on jaguars visiting aguadas and other wetlands in the SM to better understand the jaguar activity patterns and sex-specific habitat requirements.
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Rampim, Lilian E., Leonardo R. Sartorello, Carlos E. Fragoso, Mario Haberfeld, and Allison L. Devlin. "Antagonistic interactions between predator and prey: mobbing of jaguars (Panthera onca) by white-lipped peccaries (Tayassu pecari)." acta ethologica 23, no. 1 (2020): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10211-020-00335-w.
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Abstract Ambush predators rely on stealth to successfully secure prey. Mobbing is a rarely observed anti-predation strategy used by group-living prey species whereby several individuals distract or harass a predator until it either ends the pursuit or leaves the area. Herein, we present three unique cases of white-lipped peccaries (Tayassu pecari) mobbing jaguars (Panthera onca) in the wild. White-lipped peccaries and jaguars co-occur within the study area, a large-scale ecotourism and working cattle ranch in the Brazilian Pantanal. Two cases of mobbing were recorded by video camera trap during routine surveys, and a third case was directly observed by one of the authors during telemetry triangulation of a GPS-collared individual jaguar. Our observations provide direct empirical evidence of antagonistic behavioral interactions between jaguars and white-lipped peccaries that have previously been limited to anecdotes within academic literature. We discuss the implications of this behavioral interaction for the proximate and ultimate fitness of both predator and prey.
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Palomares, Francisco, Noa González-Borrajo, Cuauhtémoc Chávez, et al. "Scraping marking behaviour of the largest Neotropical felids." PeerJ 6 (June 19, 2018): e4983. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4983.
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Background Details of how, why and in what conditions large felids make scrapes is unknown. Here, we examined the general hypothesis about the use of scrapes for marking proposals, as well as to communicate with other individuals to signalize particular points or areas of interest, by studying scrape-marking behaviour of jaguars and pumas. Methods We surveyed by scrapes between five days and two months mainly during dry season in five study areas from Mexico (El Edén and San Ignacio), Belize (Cockscomb) and Brazil (Angatuba and Serra das Almas), which differed in presence and/or abundance of jaguars and pumas. Paths were slowly walked while searching for scrapes by teams normally composed of two people and tracks were stored in GPS, distinguishing the type of path surveyed (unpaved track roads, trails and cross-country). Results We found a total of 269 felid scrapes along 467 km of paths surveyed, obtaining a finding rate of 0.576 scrapes per km. Most scrapes were found in car tracks (0.629 scrapes per km), followed by trails (0.581 scrapes per km), and rarely did we find scrapes in cross country (0.094 scrapes per km). In trails, scrapes were found in a similar frequency in the centre and edge, whereas in car tracks they were mainly found in the edge. There were also clear differences in the position of the scrapes between study areas that differed in presence and/or abundance of pumas and jaguars, with scrapes located mainly in the centre in areas only with pumas, in the centre and in the edge in areas with a similar number of jaguars and pumas, and in the edge in area mainly dominated by jaguars. The remarking rate tended to be higher in one of the areas with only pumas where natural vegetation was scarcer. Felids chose sites mainly covered by leaves and located in paths less wide, clean and rarely used. Discussion Scraping was a frequent behaviour in the largest felids of America, although in some areas, scraping behaviour was rare. Scrapes seem to be signalizing some specific areas within territories and data suggest that they are made with the proposal of communication between individuals. It seems that a high scraping behaviour in pumas is not related to the presence of jaguars.
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Calchi, Ana Cláudia, Joares A. May-Júnior, Vinícius Baggio-Souza, et al. "Diversity of Cytauxzoon spp. (Piroplasmida: Theileriidae) in Wild Felids from Brazil and Argentina." Pathogens 14, no. 2 (2025): 148. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14020148.
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Domestic and wild felids are frequently parasitized by apicomplexan protozoa in the genus Cytauxzoon. Expanding species diversity has recently been described within this genus, with potential implications for epidemiology and pathogenesis. In light of these findings, this study assessed the genetic diversity of Cytauxzoon spp. in wild felids (n = 66) from different eco-regions of Brazil and Argentina. Of the 66 blood samples analyzed, 53 (80.3%) were 18S rRNA gene PCR-positive for Cytauxzoon spp., including 43 jaguars (Panthera onca) and 10 ocelots (Leopardus pardalis). Panthera onca specimens (100%, 43/43) were most frequently infected, followed by Leopardus pardalis (76.9%; 10/13). Cytauxzoon spp. were not detected in Leopardus braccatus (n = 1) or Puma concolor (n = 9). Phylogenetic analyses of fragments of the 18S rRNA, cytB, and cox-1 gene sequences from jaguars were closely related to Cytauxzoon felis. In contrast, sequences from ocelots were more closely associated with Cytauxzoon brasiliensis. Distance and haplotype analysis further confirmed the circulation of at least two distinct genovariants of C. felis among jaguars, as evidenced by their close positioning and low genetic divergence (0–0.14% for 18S rRNA, 0.37–0.56% for cytB, and 0.08–0.74% for cox-1). Additionally, sequence data from ocelots suggested that multiple genovariants of C. brasiliensis are circulating among these cats in different Brazilian eco-regions. Our study provides evidence of two distinct Cytauxzoon organisms parasitizing free-ranging and captive jaguars and ocelots, respectively, in Brazil and Argentina.
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Pérez-Flores, Jonathan, Yann Hénaut, Mauro Sanvicente, Nereyda Pablo-Rodríguez, and Sophie Calmé. "Jaguar’s Predation and Human Shield, a Tapir Story." Diversity 14, no. 12 (2022): 1103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14121103.
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Despite the risks associated, some species choose to shield behind a predator to decrease predation risk by another predator. In this study, we demonstrate how Baird’s tapirs (Tapirus bairdii) use humans as a “shield” to reduce the risk of being preyed upon by jaguars (Panthera onca). We collected georeferenced photographic records of 23 tapirs (seven of them injured) sighted near human settlements (0 to 5 km) in the Calakmul region of Mexico from 2008 to 2019. Using multidimensional scale analysis, we determined which possible factors (tapir health status, injuries, distance to the settlement, as well as seasonality) are related to the decision of tapirs to approach human settlements. To support our claims of jaguars’ attacks, we described the pattern of injuries believed to have been inflicted by jaguars on tapirs, and we analysed photographs and videos of species of the genus Panthera attacking larger prey than themselves to establish a pattern of injuries and compare it to the injuries observed on tapirs. Our study shows that tapir sightings near human settlements are related to health deterioration, injuries by jaguars and seasonality. The injuries found on tapirs are similar to those caused by other big cats on large prey, providing strong support for jaguar-inflicted wounds. Further studies should investigate whether the increasing human presence in different habitats in the Neotropical region could be influencing the behaviour and distribution of prey and predators.
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Foster, Rebecca J., and Bart J. Harmsen. "Dietary similarity among jaguars (Panthera onca) in a high-density population." PLOS ONE 17, no. 10 (2022): e0274891. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0274891.
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Prey remains found in carnivore scats provide generalised dietary profiles of sampled populations. The profile may be biased if individual diets differ and some individuals are over- or under-represented in the sample. Quantifying individual contributions allows us to recognise these potential biases and better interpret generalised profiles. Knowing the dietary differences or similarity between individuals can help us to understand selection pressures and identify drivers of distribution and abundance. Using the results of individual faecal genotyping, we re-interpreted our previously-published generalised dietary profile of an elusive, neotropical felid, the jaguar (Panthera onca; Foster et al. (2010)). We quantified individual sample sizes, assessed whether the generalised profile was influenced by the inclusion of scats originating from the same individual and prey carcass (pseudo-replication), and quantified the distribution of prey species among individuals. From an original sample of 322 jaguar scats from a high-density jaguar population in Belize, we identified 206 prey items (individual prey animals) in 176 independent scats representing 32 jaguars (26 males, 3 females, 3 unknown sex). The influence of pseudo-replication in the original dietary profile was minimal. The majority of scats (94%) came from male jaguars. Eight males accounted for two-thirds of the prey items, while 24 jaguars each contributed <5% of the prey items. With few exceptions, the jaguars followed the same broad diet, a 2:1:1 ratio of nine-banded armadillos (Dasypus noveminctus), other vertebrates ≤10kg, and ungulates, primarily peccaries (Tayassu pecari and Pecari tajacu). We noted prey switching between wild and domestic ungulates for individuals spanning protected forests and farmland. This first scat-based study exploring individual variation in jaguar diet highlights the importance of armadillos and peccaries for male jaguars in Belize, the need for research on their roles in supporting high-density jaguar populations, and the need for more data on female diet from across the jaguar range.
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Campbell, Mark. "Setting aside arbitral awards in Singapore: due process and good faith obligations." Arbitration International 36, no. 3 (2020): 429–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arbint/aiaa028.
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Abstract The Singapore Court of Appeal in CMNC v Jaguar Energy has offered clarification on what it identified as an ‘important area of arbitration law’: ie the correct approach to alleged violations of due process by tribunals in their management of the arbitral procedure. The case involved setting aside proceedings in the context of a complex dispute further complicated by the parties’ prior agreement for an expedited procedure. The Court of Appeal judgment takes a robust approach towards alleged due process violations. It emphasizes that the matter must be assessed according to a test of reasonableness and fairness with careful reference to the circumstances, and that courts should be cautious about interfering with a tribunal’s decision-making where there is a rational basis for those decisions. But CMNC v Jaguar Energy is notable for another reason: the presumption by the judge at first instance that there was implied into the arbitration agreement an obligation to arbitrate in good faith. That point may be of particular interest to those from common law jurisdictions where a more general debate over the role of good faith obligations in commercial contracts persists.
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MACHADO, Juliana Porto, Bruno César Alves MARCELINO, and Rodrigo da Costa SEGÓVIA. "BORDER DYNAMICS: CONSTRUCTION AND PERCEPTION IN THE BORDER AREAS OF RIO BRANCO/UY AND JAGUARÃO/BR." Boletim de Conjuntura (BOCA) 18, no. 52 (2024): 631–60. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11207001.
Full textAbstract:
The present study explores the dynamics of borders, focusing on the complex cultural and historical interaction between Jaguarão, Brazil, and Rio Branco, Uruguay. The main objective is to discuss the role of borders as multidimensional spaces that influence social, cultural, and economic interactions, highlighting their duality as barriers (real/imaginary) and transition zones that shape territorial organization and local identities. It examines how borders address the challenges posed by globalization and how city twinning can facilitate international cooperation and cultural exchanges. Using a qualitative methodology, this analysis is based on a literature review of recent articles, theses, and dissertations, complemented by classic and contemporary historical sources on the topic of borders and twin cities. The results show that despite the challenges posed by globalization and border strengthening policies, cities like Jaguarão and Rio Branco exemplify how borders can be permeable and dynamic, facilitating cooperation and cultural exchange. It concludes that borders are transition zones that offer opportunities for the development of more integrated urban policies and economic strategies, promoting a more inclusive and supportive globalization. This study highlights the importance of rethinking borders not as barriers, but as bridges for cooperation and cultural coexistence.
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Naumenko, Anton E., Anzhelika E. Kluchek, and Maria S. Kostyuchenko. "Psychophysiological correlates of operators’ predisposition to the development of critical fatigue level." Journal of Volgograd State Medical University 20, no. 1 (2023): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.19163/1994-9480-2023-20-1-29-32.
Full textAbstract:
Factors such as emotional stress, extreme work conditions, neuropsychiatric stress, the need to maintain an increased level of attention for a long time can lead to violations, maladaptation and the development of operator fatigue. In the course of the study, we revealed statistically significant differences in attentional-mnestic performance indicators in groups of operators with the absence or presence of a critical level of fatigue. It is established that the use of a complex of psychophysiological tests "Jaguar" in parallel with the study of sensorimotor tracking operations by the program "Smile" is informative for differentiating groups of operators with the absence or presence of a critical level of fatigue.
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Polisar, John, Almira Hoogesteijn, Lucy Perera-Romero, et al. "The rich tradition of jaguar research and conservation in Venezuela and its impact on human-jaguar coexistence throughout the species' range." Anartia, Publicación del Museo de Biología de La Universidad del Zulia, no. 34 (September 30, 2022): 79–95. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7131523.
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