Academic literature on the topic 'Complex organizations – Case studies'

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Journal articles on the topic "Complex organizations – Case studies"

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Hassan Pourhanifeh, Gholam, and Mohammad Mahdavi Mazdeh. "Identifying the critical success factors of organization with Analytic Hierarchy Process approach (case study – Iran Argham Company)." Problems and Perspectives in Management 14, no. 4 (December 14, 2016): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.14(4).2016.06.

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In today’s challenging and complex world, organizations success depends on productivity, continuous improvement in all dimensions and reforming the pattern of resource utilization. Therefore, organizations, while considering restrictions, should focus on the most effective factors or so-called critical success factors. This paper intends to identify and prioritize the critical success factors, among other, factors influencing success of the organization, using hierarchical analysis and application of tools and related software. Analytic Hierarchy Process provides the possibility to compare the factors via creating matrix of paired comparisons. The case study in this research includes identifying the critical success factors and prioritizing them in Iran Argham Company. Finally, among the results presented, five critical success factors are identified from the forty influential factors. These five factors account for about seventy percent of the organization’s success. It should be noted that most studies conducted in this area focuse on the certain processes and special systems rather than study on the organization as a whole unit. This model can also be generalized to all organizations, including SMEs, and would provide remarkably valuable approaches, especially in competitive markets. Keywords: key success factors, strategic management, critical success factors, AHP. JEL Classification: M10, M14, L21, C44
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Tao, Zhigang, and Haibo Zhang. "Partnering Strategies of Organizational Networks in Complex Environment of Disaster in the Centralized Political Context." Complexity 2020 (December 1, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9687390.

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Organizational networks are a widely used approach to deal with the “wicked problems” of disasters. However, current studies are insufficient in examining what strategies organizations actually employ to select partners in a complex environment of disaster, particularly in the centralized administrative context. This case study uses exponential random graph models (ERGMs) to explore different partnering strategies that organizations used to form organizational networks in response to the Tianjin Port blast, a well-known disaster in China. Results demonstrate that participating organizations prefer (a) the bonding structure strategy to form “reciprocity” and “transitive clustering,” (b) the power concentration strategy to work with popular organizations, and (c) the homophily strategy to work with similar attribute organizations. However, contextual backgrounds influenced organizational attributes and strategies. This study discusses the implications of the findings and offers recommendations for enhancing collaboration among organizations.
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Côté-Boileau, Élizabeth, Isabelle Gaboury, Mylaine Breton, and Jean-Louis Denis. "Organizational Ethnographic Case Studies: Toward a New Generative In-Depth Qualitative Methodology for Health Care Research?" International Journal of Qualitative Methods 19 (January 1, 2020): 160940692092690. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1609406920926904.

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A growing body of literature suggests combining organizational ethnography and case study design as a new methodology for investigating complex organizational phenomena in health care contexts. However, the arguments supporting the potential of organizational ethnographic case studies to improve the process and increase the impact of qualitative research in health care is currently underdeveloped. In this article, we aim to explore the methodological potentialities and limitations of combining organizational ethnography and case study to conduct in-depth empirical health care research. We conducted a scoping review, systematically investigating seven bibliographic databases to search, screen, and select empirical articles that employed organizational ethnographic case study to explore organizational phenomena in health care contexts. We screened 573 papers, then completed full-text review of 74 papers identified as relevant based on title and abstract. A total of 18 papers were retained for analysis. Data were extracted and synthesized using a two-phase descriptive and inductive thematic analysis. We then developed a methodological matrix that positions how the impact, contextualization, credibility, and depth of this combined methodology interact to increase the generative power of in-depth qualitative empirical research in health care. Our review reveals that organizational ethnographic case studies have their own distinct methodological identity in the wider domain of qualitative health care research. We argue that by accelerating the research process, enabling various sources of reflexivity, and spreading the depth and contextualization possibilities of empirical investigation of complex organizational phenomena, this combined methodology may stimulate greater academic dynamism and increase the impact of research. Organizational ethnographic case studies appear as a new in-depth qualitative methodology that both challenges and improves the conventional ways we study the lives of organizations and the experiences of actors within the interconnected realms of health care.
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Ahonen, Lia, and Jürgen Degner. "Working with complex problem behaviors in juvenile institutional care: staff's competence, organizational conditions and public value." International Journal of Prisoner Health 10, no. 4 (December 9, 2014): 239–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijph-04-2013-0018.

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Purpose – Institutional staff encounter juveniles with complex problems (externalizing and internalizing) which calls for adequate formal education/training and professional experience to deliver quality treatment, contributing to an effective organization and increasing public value. The purpose of this paper is to investigate staff's formal education, professional experience and the institutions’ organizational strategies providing knowledge and clinical training to staff. Design/methodology/approach – The study includes staff questionnaires from eight wards (n=102). In addition, 39 in-depth interviews were conducted with management and staff members. Findings – Results show that institutions lack clearly defined target groups, 70 percent of staff members lack college education, 30 percent has never been offered education within the organization, and the vast majority of staff does not feel competent in performing their daily work. Practical implications – The results from this study shed light on an overlooked area in institutions, detention centers and prison settings, and are important to policy makers and governmental organizations responsible for coercive care of juveniles. Originality/value – Unlike previous studies, treatment and detention organizations are emphasized as similar to manufacturing industry and profit organizations, and the results are discussed with departure in organizational theory.
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Stanitsas, Marios, Konstantinos Kirytopoulos, and Georgios Aretoulis. "Evaluating Organizational Sustainability: A Multi-Criteria Based-Approach to Sustainable Project Management Indicators." Systems 9, no. 3 (July 31, 2021): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/systems9030058.

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Even though recent studies designate that sustainability should be integrated in project management, this integration remains a complex issue. Hence, there is a need to develop a new approach that would assess the organizational sustainability and reveal to what extent sustainable project management practices are effective. The aim of this research is to propose a Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis-based method to assess the integration of the sustainability philosophy in large-scale organizations via the utilization of sustainable project management-related indicators. By utilising the proposed approach to compare internal organizational structures, the researchers aim to reveal the sustainability integration level within different business units, in order to allow organizations to make decisions toward sustainable practices. The indicators used in the proposed model are related to key aspects of organizations and they measure how the departments’ staff utilize sustainable project management processes in their construction projects. The case study was conducted in a market-leading design, engineering, and project management consultancy organization. Evaluating organizational sustainability can help organizations target their efforts in certain areas (enhancing sustainable outcomes). It can also facilitate data collection, analysis, and future projections.
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Szajnfarber, Zoe, and Annalisa L. Weigel. "Managing Complex Technology Innovation." International Journal of Space Technology Management and Innovation 2, no. 1 (January 2012): 30–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijstmi.2012010103.

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R&D management practices in engineering organizations typically conceptualize complex product innovation as a Stage-Gate process whereby novel concepts are matured through successions of development stages and progressively winnowed down at each sequential gate. This view assumes that maturity is a monotonically increasing function of the technology, and that the active process of winnowing is administrative decisions. This paper tests those assumptions using detailed evidence from six longitudinal case studies of technology innovation at NASA.
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Landolt, Patricia, Luin Goldring, and Judith K. Bernhard. "Agenda Setting and Immigrant Politics." American Behavioral Scientist 55, no. 9 (August 19, 2011): 1235–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764211407841.

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The authors identify and analyze patterns of community organizing among Latin Americans in Toronto for the period from the 1970s to the 2000s as part of a broader analysis of Latin American immigrant politics. They draw on the concept of social fields to map Latin American community politics and to capture a wide range of relevant organizations, events, and strategic moments that feed into the constitution of more visible and formal organizations. Five distinct waves of Latin American migration to Toronto produce three types of community organizations: ethno-national, intersectional panethnic, and mainstream panethnic groupings. This migration pattern also leads to a layering process as established organizations evolve and new migrant groups with specific priorities and ways of organizing emerge. The authors present a case study of the development and agenda-setting process of the Centre for Spanish Speaking People, a mainstream, multiservice, panethnic organization. Agenda setting is defined as the process of defining the vision and mission of an organization or cluster of organizations. The case study captures how a mainstream panethnic organization mediates between diverse in-group agendas of Latin American immigrants and out-group, specifically, state-generated, agendas, and how this agenda-setting process changes over time in tune with shifts in the political opportunity structure. The authors propose, however, that agenda setting is a dialogic social process that involves more than navigating the existing political opportunity structure. Agenda setting involves in-group and out-group dialogues embedded within a complex organizational field. It is an instance of political learning. The analysis of these dialogues over time for a specific group and organization captures immigrant politics in practice.
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Kamasak, Rifat. "Creation of firm performance through resource orchestration: the case of ÜLKER." Competitiveness Review 25, no. 2 (March 16, 2015): 179–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cr-02-2014-0005.

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Purpose – This study aims to investigate the complex interaction of different resource sets and capabilities in the process of performance creation within the context of resource-based theory. Design/methodology/approach – An inductive case study approach that included multiple data collection methods such as in-depth interviews, observation and documentation was utilized. Findings – Organizational culture, reputational assets, human capital, business processes and networking capabilities were found as the most important determinants of firm performance within the context of Ülker case study. Originality/value – Although large-scale empirical studies can be used to explore the direct resource–performance relationship, these quantitative methods bypass the complex and embedded nature of intangibles and provide only a limited understanding of why some resources are identified as strategic but others are not, what their roles are, and how these resources are converted into positions of competitive advantage. However, understanding of complex nature of resources that are embedded in organizations designates the need for more fieldwork-based qualitative studies. This study aims to address this gap by providing a thorough understanding about the managerial and organizational processes through which the resources become valuable.
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Warwick-Giles, Lynsey, Imelda McDermott, Kath Checkland, and Valerie Moran. "Moving towards strategic commissioning: impact on clinical commissioning groups as membership organizations." Journal of Health Services Research & Policy 25, no. 1 (April 16, 2019): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1355819619842272.

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Objective This paper aims to explore the nature of clinical commissioning groups (CCGs) in England as membership organizations. Utilizing the concept of meta-organization as a lens, we discuss the impact that this organizational form might have on CCGs’ ability to become ‘strategic commissioners’. Methods We used a longitudinal qualitative approach to explore the adoption and implementation of primary care co-commissioning. The study was undertaken between May 2015 and June 2017 and included interviews with senior policy makers, analysis of policy documents, two telephone surveys, and case studies in four CCGs nationally. Results CCGs operate as membership organizations with closed boundary and low stratification, whereby a consensus or majority needs to be reached by members when activities impact on membership or the CCG’s constitution. While CCGs should move towards a more strategic commissioning role that is focused on local priorities agreed by their members, they are faced with a complex system of accountabilities and responsibilities, which makes this difficult to achieve. Conclusions The nature of CCGs as membership-based meta-organizations has the potential to both help and hinder CCGs in becoming strategic commissioners. The complexities in accountability and governance that the membership approach introduces, and the potential difficulties that CCGs face with competing meta-organizations, raises questions about the future of CCGs as membership organizations.
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Shamsuzzoha, Ahm, Sujan Piya, and Mohammad Shamsuzzaman. "Application of fuzzy TOPSIS framework for selecting complex project in a case company." Journal of Global Operations and Strategic Sourcing 14, no. 3 (June 10, 2021): 528–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jgoss-07-2020-0040.

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Purpose This study aims to propose a method known as the fuzzy technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (fuzzy TOPSIS) for complex project selection in organizations. To fulfill study objectives, the factors responsible for making a project complex are collected through literature review, which is then analyzed by fuzzy TOPSIS, based on three decision-makers’ opinions. Design/methodology/approach The selection of complex projects is a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) process for global organizations. Traditional procedures for selecting complex projects are not adequate due to the limitations of linguistic assessment. To crossover such limitation, this study proposes the fuzzy MCDM method to select complex projects in organizations. Findings A large-scale engine manufacturing company, engaged in the energy business, is studied to validate the suitability of the fuzzy TOPSIS method and rank eight projects of the case company based on project complexity. Out of these eight projects, the closeness coefficient of the most complex project is found to be 0.817 and that of the least complex project is found to be 0.274. Finally, study outcomes are concluded in the conclusion section, along with study limitations and future works. Research limitations/implications The outcomes from this research may not be generalized sufficiently due to the subjectivity of the interviewers. The study outcomes support project managers to optimize their project selection processes, especially to select complex projects. The presented methodology can be used extensively used by the project planners/managers to find the driving factors related to project complexity. Originality/value The presented study deliberately explained how complex projects in an organization could be select efficiently. This selection methodology supports top management to maintain their proposed projects with optimum resource allocations and maximum productivity.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Complex organizations – Case studies"

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Qwesha, Babalwa. "Restructuring of the Port Elizabeth Hospital Complex : a perspective from the planned change management approach /." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/1622/.

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Thesis (M.B.A. (Rhodes Investec Business School)) - Rhodes University, 2009.
A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Business Administration (MBA).
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Maganga, Dick Lucius. "Performance improvement in complex organizations : the case of smallholder agricultural cooperatives in Malawi." Thesis, University of Bolton, 2017. http://ubir.bolton.ac.uk/1804/.

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Smallholder agricultural cooperatives have potential to play a vital role in the Malawi economy where smallholder farmers comprise the majority of the agricultural producers. Smallholder farmers individually have little power in the market place but when organized into cooperatives they enjoy protection from exploitation. The formation of cooperatives among smallholder farmers has therefore been accelerated and they now account for more than 55% of all cooperatives in Malawi. However, studies have concluded that the performance of the smallholder agricultural cooperatives is poor, and this research study has also confirmed this conclusion. This thesis therefore attempts to address the research problem: “How to improve the performance of smallholder agricultural cooperatives in Malawi”? The primary aim of this study was to develop a framework for improving the performance of smallholder agricultural cooperatives in Malawi. The research study utilized an interpretive paradigm to explore and describe the various factors that contribute to the poor performance of smallholder agricultural cooperatives. The multiple case study approach was used to gather data for this research study. A total of 8 case studies were conducted among smallholder agricultural cooperatives, and the empirical data that was collected was further analyzed using grounded theory analysis. The findings took the form of factors which contribute to the poor performance of smallholder agricultural cooperatives. A total of 18 factors were identified as contributing to poor performance of smallholder agricultural cooperatives. Thereafter, a performance improvement framework called the Maganga PISHAC Framework was developed by combining the identified factors into four core categories, namely; objectives, knowledge, skills and attitudes. The Maganga PISHAC Framework was constructed by integrating the findings of this study with the current literature in both the cooperative and performance improvement arenas. The Maganga PISHAC Framework can also be customized for use in other countries.
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McQuerry, Elizabeth 1964. "Central American women's organizations: Two case studies of political participation." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291498.

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Guatemala's Grupo de Apoyo Mutuo (GAM) and the Asociacion de Mujeres Nicaraguenses Luisa Amanda Espinoza (AMNLAE) in Nicaragua exemplify the resurgence of social movements arising from the turmoil in Central America. They are female collective agents pursuing the self-defined interests of their membership. Via humanitarian activism, the GAM struggles to locate the desaparecidos, while AMNLAE exercises institutional activism as a means to incorporate women and promote gender-specific interests. Women in both groups became active to protect "practical gender interests" and, as a result, women's level of consciousness is growing but the acquisition of a gender awareness does not necessarily follow political conscientization. The growing level of political participation and consciousness provides the women with training to become active and efficacious participants in the dynamics of their country.
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Postma, William (William Henry) Carleton University Dissertation International Affairs. "NGO partnership and institutional development: case studies from Mali and Niger." Ottawa, 1992.

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Gerasimova, Ksenia Leonidovna. "Analysis of NGO's behaviour : the Russian case studies." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.607880.

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Johnson, Troy A. "ISLAMIC STUDENT ORGANIZATIONS AND DEMOCRATIC DEVELOPMENT IN INDONESIA: THREE CASE STUDIES." Ohio : Ohio University, 2006. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1149190003.

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Rojas, Rafael Oswaldo. "Grassroots organizations and markets two case studies in the Amazon region /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0003322.

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Benedetti, Cristina A. "Case Studies in Volunteer Management: Approaches from Three Ohio Arts Organizations." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1386000586.

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Lee, Ra Won. "Interorganizational Relationships and Mergers of Nonprofit Arts Organizations: Two Case Studies of Mergers of Nonprofit Arts Organizations." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1451948476.

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Zmiri, Ofer. "Non profit organizations and strategic management : the National Budgeting Conference." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=69528.

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This study investigates the phenomenon of a communal Jewish organization, the National Budgeting Conference (NBC). In essence, the NBC is in charge of allocating money to national organizations through contributions collected from each local community. This unique arrangement doesn't exist in other Jewish communities around the globe; the common procedure is that every local federation allocates money for the local needs.
The objective of this dissertation is to follow the activities of the NBC from a strategic management point of view. So far, almost the entire body of literature on Jewish organizations stem from a political science and an ethnicity point of view. My assumption is that by conducting the study from a management perspective, I have been able to research topics that usually do not receive a lot of attention in literature about Jewish organizations; some of these topics include whether and to what extent environmental elements in the community, as well as power relations, influence the decision-making process. I also focused on the NBC's structure, outcomes, and chances of survival. I concluded that the NBC operates within a very fluid and unstable environment, and as a result, it will have to monitor its interests carefully and adapt in a slow, incremental fashion if it wishes to increase its chances of survival.
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Books on the topic "Complex organizations – Case studies"

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Caris, J. Fuseren in non-profit organisaties: Analyse van een complex proces. Nijmegen: Dekker & Van de Vegt, 1986.

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1955-, Williams Cynthia A., ed. Business organizations: Cases, problems, and case studies. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Aspen Publishers, 2008.

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1955-, Williams Cynthia A., ed. Business organizations: Cases, problems, and case studies. 3rd ed. New York: Wolters Kluwer Law & Business, 2012.

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Nunes, Frederick E. People and organizations: Caribbean cases. [Mona? West Indies]: Caribbean Authors Pub. Co., 1985.

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Ulrich, Steger, and Amann Wolfgang, eds. Managing complexity in organizations: Text and cases. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire [England]: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.

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The Osiris complex: Case-studies in multiple personality disorder. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1994.

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Ross, Colin. The Osiris complex: Case studies in multiple personality disorder. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1994.

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Association, American Medical, Indiana State Medical Association, and Michigan State Medical Society, eds. Physician organizations: Cases and analysis. Chicago, IL: Health Administration Press, 1997.

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Association, American Medical, ed. Management services organizations: Cases and analysis. Chicago, IL: Health Administration Press, 1997.

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Accountability in development organizations: Experiences of women's organizations in India. New Delhi: Sage Publications, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Complex organizations – Case studies"

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Beckett, Ronald C. "SME Adoption of Environmental Management Practices: Four Exploratory Case Studies." In Understanding Organizations in Complex, Emergent and Uncertain Environments, 84–105. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137026088_5.

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Amadio, Paolo, and Ilario Fassina. "The case studies." In Cooperation Among Organizations, 26–40. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84871-1_3.

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Martin, Mike, and Graeme Oswald. "Modelling the case studies." In Cooperation Among Organizations, 41–71. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84871-1_4.

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Demone, Cristina, Kelly Esponda, Stephanie Shea, Michel Kahaleh, Amy Tyberg, Avik Sarkar, and Haroon Shahid. "Case Studies." In Guide to Complex Interventional Endoscopic Procedures, 131–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80949-2_8.

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Holm, Len. "Construction organizations." In 101 Case Studies in Construction Management, 1–11. Abingdon, Oxon : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351113632-1.

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Yang, Fan, Ping Duan, Sirish L. Shah, and Tongwen Chen. "Case Studies." In Capturing Connectivity and Causality in Complex Industrial Processes, 67–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05380-6_6.

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Lucas, Klaus, and Peter Roosen. "Structures in the Disciplines: Case Studies." In Understanding Complex Systems, 75–259. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00870-2_3.

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Taraborelli, Dario, and Camille Roth. "Viable Web Communities: Two Case Studies." In Understanding Complex Systems, 75–105. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20423-4_4.

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Guadalupe Serna, María. "Nonprofit Organizations in Mexico: Case Studies." In Mexican Solidarity, 123–43. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1078-3_5.

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Saitta, Lorenza, and Jean-Daniel Zucker. "Case Studies and Applications." In Abstraction in Artificial Intelligence and Complex Systems, 363–87. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7052-6_11.

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Conference papers on the topic "Complex organizations – Case studies"

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Benafan, Othmane, Jeff Brown, F. Tad Calkins, Parikshith Kumar, Aaron Stebner, Travis Turner, Raj Vaidyanathan, John Webster, and Marcus L. Young. "Shape Memory Alloy Actuator Design: CASMART Collaborative Best Practices." In ASME 2011 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2011-5237.

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Upon examination of shape memory alloy (SMA) actuation designs, there are many considerations and methodologies that are common to them all. A goal of CASMART’s design working group is to compile the collective experiences of CASMART’s member organizations into a single medium that engineers can then use to make the best decisions regarding SMA system design. In this paper, a review of recent work toward this goal is presented, spanning a wide range of design aspects including evaluation, properties, testing, modeling, alloy selection, fabrication, actuator processing, design optimization, controls, and system integration. We have documented each aspect, based on our collective experiences, so that the design engineer may access the tools and information needed to successfully design and develop SMA systems. Through comparison of several case studies, it is shown that there is not an obvious single, linear route a designer can adopt to navigate the path of concept to product. SMA engineering aspects will have different priorities and emphasis for different applications.
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Wang, Xiao jing, and Ji chen Jiang. "Supplier Management Practice in China: Case Studies on Manufacturing Organizations." In 2009 First International Conference on Information Science and Engineering. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icise.2009.1148.

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Hanzl, Malgorzata. "Self-organisation and meaning of urban structures: case study of Jewish communities in central Poland in pre-war times." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5098.

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In spatial, social and cultural pluralism, the questions of human intentionality and socio-spatial emergence remain central to social theory (Portugali 2000, p.142). The correlation between individual preferences, values and intentions, and actual behaviour and actions, is subject to Portugali’s theory of self-organisation (2000). Compared to Gidden’s structuralism, which focuses on society and groups, the point of departure for Portugali (2000) are individuals and their personal choices. The key feature in how complex systems `self-organise', is that they `interpret', the information that comes from the environment (Portugali 2006). The current study explores the urban environment formerly inhabited, and largely constructed, by Jews in two central Polish districts: Mazovia and Lodz, before the tragedy of the Holocaust. While the Jewish presence lasted from the 11th century until the outbreak of World War II, the most intensive development took place in the 19th century, together with the civilisation changes introduced by industrialisation. Embracing the everyday habits of Jewish citizens endows the neighbourhood structures they once inhabited with long gone meanings, the information layer which once helped organise everyday life. The main thesis reveals that Jewish communities in pre-war Poland represented an example of a self-organising society, one which could be considered a prototype of contemporary postmodern cultural complexity. The mapping of this complexity at the scale of a neighbourhood is a challenge, a method for which is addressed in the current paper. The above considerations are in line with the empirical studies of the relations between Jews and Poles, especially in large cities, where more complex socio-cultural processes could have occurred. References: Eco, U. (1997) ‘Function and Sign: The Semiotics of Architecture’, in Leich, N. (ed.) Rethinking Architecture: A reader in cultural theory (Routledge Taylor & Francis Group, London) 182–202. Hillier, B. and Hanson, J. (2003) The Social Logic of Space (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge). Marshall, S. (2009) Cities, Design and Evolution (Routledge, Abingdon, New York). Portugali, J. (2000) Self-Organization and the City, (Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg). Portugali, J. (2006) ‘Complexity theory as a link between space and place’, Environment and Planning A 38(4) 647–664.
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Yuan, Chengyin, and Placid Ferreira. "EMBench: An IEC61499 Based Integrated Environment for Manufacturing Systems." In ASME 2006 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2006-21109.

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In these days, manufacturing organizations are facing global competition and short technological cycles. The flexibility of an enterprise and its ability to respond to miscellaneous customer requests decide the competitiveness in the global market. It also requires that the manufacturing plant must reorganize efficiently to produce various products at low cost and short time. This flexibility in the manufacturing process must be able to accommodate various tasks to share resources under safe and efficient control. In the current development processes of manufacturing systems, information handling usually is an undeveloped area. Domains such as design, validation, and deployment will be separated and isolated. One reason for the redundant non-value-added implementation of the component model is that existing system development largely consists of isolated sub-processes that generate proprietary information such as control logic, simulation models, etc. This paper focuses on introducing an innovative software environment, EMBench, which integrates mechanical design, control configuration, simulation and deployment services seamlessly for manufacturing automation systems. Its auto-generated user-friendly GUI (Graphical User Interface) supports direct commanding to the controller at different layers, and internal data (control/mechanical) and model (simulation/physical) mapping eliminates redundant and error-prone manual data entry and model replication at different stages. This tool provides a means of layered and encapsulated services so that complex systems can be designed, configured, simulated and deployed hierarchically with various levels of details. IEC61499 is an emerging industrial standard for distributed industrial process measurement & control systems. Using IEC61499 function blocks and service layer architecture, control services ranging from basic joint servo, to kinematics of a mechanism, to trajectory interpolation, to language parsing and HMI processing, to complex multiple resources/processes coordination can be configured for an application. With the adaptation of IEC61499, EMBench serves as a modular, component-based design, simulation and prototyping tool for shop floor control. Several case studies are presented in details and various potential usages in different fields are discussed. EMBench uses IEC61499 as a means for modularization and reuse of control services.
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Agres, A., G. J. de Vreede, and R. O. Briggs. "A tale of two cities: case studies of GSS transition in two organizations." In 37th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2004. Proceedings of the. IEEE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hicss.2004.1265073.

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Green, K. E., O. M. Burtz, L. A. Wahrmund, T. Clee, I. Gallegos, C. Xia, G. Zelewski, et al. "R3M Case studies: detecting reservoir resistivity in complex settings." In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2005. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2144385.

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Hanaoka, Sho, and Tatsumi Shimada. "Using IT to Improve Communication between Boundaries of Organizations: Case Studies in Japanese Companies )." In 2001 Informing Science Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2418.

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Most Japanese comoanies are facina difficulties caused from a lona term recession of Japanese economy, olaaued with such auestions as how to accelerate decision makina process, how to make orooer iudaments in decision, and how to predict the future trends of concerned industry, etc. There are two main causes of these difficulties now facina most Japanese comoanies usina the traditional so-called "Japanese manaaement style." The first notable characteristic is the "middle uo down" decision-makina process, which is supported by mutual consent of all belonainas to numerous arouos or oraanizations in the same company. The second is each arouo or oraanization has its own peculiar knowledae tacit to them, called "tacit knowledge." The oressina need for most Japanese comoanies is to auicken the decision-makina process by furtherina the advantaaes and reassessina the disadvantaaes of aainina access to knowledae or information of each or oraanization. In this oaoer, first, we clarified the basic structure of the traditional decision-makina process in Japan. Then second, we described the mechanism of sharina information across the arouos or oraanizations each havina its own boundary. Finally, we discussed the use of IT to cross the boundary of arouos to effectively to auicken and to share communications in the decision-makina process in the future of Japanese industries.
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Boyun, Guo, Peter Westaway, and Jerome Jacquemont. "Field Case Studies of Pressure Transient Data from Complex Reservoirs." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/63308-ms.

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E. Foley, John. "High Resolution Magnetic Characterization In Complex Settings: Two Case Studies." In 8th EEGS Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.206.1995_011.

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Foley, John E. "High Resolution Magnetic Characterization in Complex Settings: Two Case Studies." In Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems 1995. Environment and Engineering Geophysical Society, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.4133/1.2922128.

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Reports on the topic "Complex organizations – Case studies"

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McCauley, Cynthia, Charles Palus, Wilfred Drath, Richard Hughes, and John McGuire. Interdependent leadership in organizations: Evidence from six case studies. Center for Creative Leadership, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.35613/ccl.2008.2038.

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Logan, Jeffrey S., Elizabeth Paranhos, Tracy G. Kozak, and William Boyd. Highly Reliable Organizations in the Onshore Natural Gas Sector: An Assessment of Current Practices, Regulatory Frameworks, and Select Case Studies. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1374037.

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Thompson, Stephen, Brigitte Rohwerder, and Clement Arockiasamy. Freedom of Religious Belief and People with Disabilities: A Case Study of People with Disabilities from Religious Minorities in Chennai, India. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/creid.2021.003.

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India has a unique and complex religious history, with faith and spirituality playing an important role in everyday life. Hinduism is the majority religion, and there are many minority religions. India also has a complicated class system and entrenched gender structures. Disability is another important identity. Many of these factors determine people’s experiences of social inclusion or exclusion. This paper explores how these intersecting identities influence the experience of inequality and marginalisation, with a particular focus on people with disabilities from minority religious backgrounds. A participatory qualitative methodology was employed in Chennai, to gather case studies that describe in-depth experiences of participants. Our findings show that many factors that make up a person’s identity intersect in India and impact how someone is included or excluded by society, with religious minority affiliation, caste, disability status, and gender all having the potential to add layers of marginalisation. These various identity factors, and how individuals and society react to them, impact on how people experience their social existence. Identity factors that form the basis for discrimination can be either visible or invisible, and discrimination may be explicit or implicit. Despite various legal and human rights frameworks at the national and international level that aim to prevent marginalisation, discrimination based on these factors is still prevalent in India. While some tokenistic interventions and schemes are in place to overcome marginalisation, such initiatives often only focus on one factor of identity, rather than considering intersecting factors. People with disabilities continue to experience exclusion in all aspects of their lives. Discrimination can exist both between, as well as within, religious communities, and is particularly prevalent in formal environments. Caste-based exclusion continues to be a major problem in India. The current socioeconomic environment and political climate can be seen to perpetuate marginalisation based on these factors. However, when people are included in society, regardless of belonging to a religious minority, having a disability, or being a certain caste, the impact on their life can be very positive.
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Nagahi, Morteza, Raed Jaradat, Safae El Amrani, Michael Hamilton, and Simon Goerger. Holistic and reductionist thinker : a comparison study based on individuals’ skillset and personality types. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40746.

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As organizations operate in turbulent and complex environments, it has become a necessity to assess the systems thinking (ST) skills, personality types (PTs), and demographics of practitioners. In this study, we investigated the relationship between practitioners’ ST profile, their PTs profiles and demographic characteristics in the domain of complex system problems. The objective of this study is to address the current gap in the literature – lack of studies dedicated to predicting practitioners’ ST profile based on their PTs and demographics characteristics. A total of 258 practitioners with different demographics and PTs provided the data. The results show that (1) practitioners can be classified based on their ST skills scores into two clusters: holistic and reductionist (that is, ST profile), (2) each cluster has different PTs profiles and demographic characteristics, and (3) practitioner’s ST profile can be predicted, with good accuracy, based on their PTs profile and demographic characteristics.
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Lundgren, Anna, Alex Cuadrado, Mari Wøien Meijer, Hjördís Rut Sigurjónsdottir, Eeva Turunen, Viktor Salenius, Jukka Teräs, Jens Bjørn Gefke Grelck, and Stian Lundvall Berg. Skills Policies - Building Capacities for Innovative and Resilient Nordic Regions. Nordregio, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/r2020:17.1403-2503.

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Long-term trends in Nordic societies (such as ageing populations), along with rapid social transformations (like those brought about by automation and digitalisation), have resulted in increased attention being paid to skills and skills enhancement – not least from policymakers looking to cope with those challenges. However, skills are complex and many actors are involved in their promotion and provision. In this study, we focus on the regional level, which is the point of scale at which the demand for, and supply of, various skills is often articulated. In order to respond to the research question concerning How regions work with skills, six case studies were conducted in 2019 and 2020. That meant one case study in each of the Nordic countries. Those selected were Pohjois-Karjala (North Karelia, Finland), Värmland (Sweden), Hovedstaden (Denmark), Hedmark and Oppland (Norway), Norðurland eystra (Northeastern Region, Iceland), and one in Greenland. This report on skills for resilient and innovative regions is part of a series of reports conducted on behalf of the Nordic Thematic Group for Innovative and Resilient Regions 2017–2020, within the Nordics Cooperation Program for Regional Development and Planning, and under the aegis of the Nordics Council of Ministers.
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Tipton, Kelley, Brian F. Leas, Nikhil K. Mull, Shazia M. Siddique, S. Ryan Greysen, Meghan B. Lane-Fall, and Amy Y. Tsou. Interventions To Decrease Hospital Length of Stay. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepctb40.

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Background. Timely discharge of hospitalized patients can prevent patient harm, improve patient satisfaction and quality of life, and reduce costs. Numerous strategies have been tested to improve the efficiency and safety of patient recovery and discharge, but hospitals continue to face challenges. Purpose. This Technical Brief aimed to identify and synthesize current knowledge and emerging concepts regarding systematic strategies that hospitals and health systems can implement to reduce length of stay (LOS), with emphasis on medically complex or vulnerable patients at high risk for prolonged LOS due to clinical, social, or economic barriers to timely discharge. Methods. We conducted a structured search for published and unpublished studies and conducted interviews with Key Informants representing vulnerable patients, hospitals, health systems, and clinicians. The interviews provided guidance on our research protocol, search strategy, and analysis. Due to the large and diverse evidence base, we limited our evaluation to systematic reviews of interventions to decrease hospital LOS for patients at potentially higher risk for delayed discharge; primary research studies were not included, and searches were restricted to reviews published since 2010. We cataloged the characteristics of relevant interventions and assessed evidence of their effectiveness. Findings. Our searches yielded 4,364 potential studies. After screening, we included 19 systematic reviews reported in 20 articles. The reviews described eight strategies for reducing LOS: discharge planning; geriatric assessment or consultation; medication management; clinical pathways; inter- or multidisciplinary care; case management; hospitalist services; and telehealth. All reviews included adult patients, and two reviews also included children. Interventions were frequently designed for older (often frail) patients or patients with chronic illness. One review included pregnant women at high risk for premature delivery. No reviews focused on factors linking patient vulnerability with social determinants of health. The reviews reported few details about hospital setting, context, or resources associated with the interventions studied. Evidence for effectiveness of interventions was generally not robust and often inconsistent—for example, we identified six reviews of discharge planning; three found no effect on LOS, two found LOS decreased, and one reported an increase. Many reviews also reported patient readmission rates and mortality but with similarly inconsistent results. Conclusions. A broad range of strategies have been employed to reduce LOS, but rigorous systematic reviews have not consistently demonstrated effectiveness within medically complex, high-risk, and vulnerable populations. Health system leaders, researchers, and policymakers must collaborate to address these needs.
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DeJaeghere, Joan, Bich-Hang Duong, and Vu Dao. Teaching Practices That Support and Promote Learning: Qualitative Evidence from High and Low Performing Classes in Vietnam. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-ri_2021/024.

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This Insight Note contributes to the growing body of knowledge on teaching practices that foster student learning and achievement by analysing in-depth qualitative data from classroom observations and teacher interviews. Much of the research on teachers and teaching in development literature focuses on observable and quantified factors, including qualifications and training. But simply being qualified (with a university degree in education or subject areas), or trained in certain ways (e.g., coaching versus in-service) explains very little of the variation in learning outcomes (Kane and Staiger, 2008; Wößmann, 2003; Das and Bau, 2020). Teaching is a complex set of practices that draw on teachers’ beliefs about learning, their prior experiences, their content and pedagogical knowledge and repertoire, and their commitment and personality. Recent research in the educational development literature has turned to examining teaching practices, including content knowledge, pedagogical practices, and teacher-student interactions, primarily through quantitative data from knowledge tests and classroom observations of practices (see Bruns, De Gregorio and Taut, 2016; Filmer, Molina and Wane, 2020; Glewwe et al, in progress). Other studies, such as TIMSS, the OECD and a few World Bank studies have used classroom videos to further explain high inference factors of teachers’ (Gallimore and Hiebert, 2000; Tomáš and Seidel, 2013). In this Note, we ask the question: What are the teaching practices that support and foster high levels of learning? Vietnam is a useful case to examine because student learning outcomes based on international tests are high, and most students pass the basic learning levels (Dang, Glewwe, Lee and Vu, 2020). But considerable variation exists between learning outcomes, particularly at the secondary level, where high achieving students will continue to upper-secondary and lower achieving students will drop out at Grade 9 (Dang and Glewwe, 2018). So what differentiates teaching for those who achieve these high learning outcomes and those who don’t? Some characteristics of teachers, such as qualifications and professional commitment, do not vary greatly because most Vietnamese teachers meet the national standards in terms of qualifications (have a college degree) and have a high level of professionalism (Glewwe et al., in progress). Other factors that influence teaching, such as using lesson plans and teaching the national curriculum, are also highly regulated. Therefore, to explain how teaching might affect student learning outcomes, it is important to examine more closely teachers’ practices in the classroom.
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Teacher Professional Development Case Studies: K-12, TVET, and Tertiary Education. Asian Development Bank, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/spr210293.

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Quality teaching and learning are vital to meet the increasingly complex needs of students as they prepare for further education and work in the 21st century. This publication provides insights on how to create sustainable and high quality teacher capacity development systems in primary and secondary education, technical and vocational education and training, and higher education programs. It showcases 13 case studies from around the world as examples of teacher professional development programs that support, improve, and harness teaching capabilities and expertise. The publication also discusses government initiatives and other factors that can contribute to quality teaching.
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Payment Systems Report - June of 2020. Banco de la República de Colombia, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rept-sist-pag.eng.2020.

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With its annual Payment Systems Report, Banco de la República offers a complete overview of the infrastructure of Colombia’s financial market. Each edition of the report has four objectives: 1) to publicize a consolidated account of how the figures for payment infrastructures have evolved with respect to both financial assets and goods and services; 2) to summarize the issues that are being debated internationally and are of interest to the industry that provides payment clearing and settlement services; 3) to offer the public an explanation of the ideas and concepts behind retail-value payment processes and the trends in retail payments within the circuit of individuals and companies; and 4) to familiarize the public, the industry, and all other financial authorities with the methodological progress that has been achieved through applied research to analyze the stability of payment systems. This edition introduces changes that have been made in the structure of the report, which are intended to make it easier and more enjoyable to read. The initial sections in this edition, which is the eleventh, contain an analysis of the statistics on the evolution and performance of financial market infrastructures. These are understood as multilateral systems wherein the participating entities clear, settle and register payments, securities, derivatives and other financial assets. The large-value payment system (CUD) saw less momentum in 2019 than it did the year before, mainly because of a decline in the amount of secondary market operations for government bonds, both in cash and sell/buy-backs, which was offset by an increase in operations with collective investment funds (CIFs) and Banco de la República’s operations to increase the money supply (repos). Consequently, the Central Securities Depository (DCV) registered less activity, due to fewer negotiations on the secondary market for public debt. This trend was also observed in the private debt market, as evidenced by the decline in the average amounts cleared and settled through the Central Securities Depository of Colombia (Deceval) and in the value of operations with financial derivatives cleared and settled through the Central Counterparty of Colombia (CRCC). Section three offers a comprehensive look at the market for retail-value payments; that is, transactions made by individuals and companies. During 2019, electronic transfers increased, and payments made with debit and credit cards continued to trend upward. In contrast, payments by check continued to decline, although the average daily value was almost four times the value of debit and credit card purchases. The same section contains the results of the fourth survey on how the use of retail-value payment instruments (for usual payments) is perceived. Conducted at the end of 2019, the main purpose of the survey was to identify the availability of these payment instruments, the public’s preferences for them, and their acceptance by merchants. It is worth noting that cash continues to be the instrument most used by the population for usual monthly payments (88.1% with respect to the number of payments and 87.4% in value). However, its use in terms of value has declined, having registered 89.6% in the 2017 survey. In turn, the level of acceptance by merchants of payment instruments other than cash is 14.1% for debit cards, 13.4% for credit cards, 8.2% for electronic transfers of funds and 1.8% for checks. The main reason for the use of cash is the absence of point-of-sale terminals at commercial establishments. Considering that the retail-payment market worldwide is influenced by constant innovation in payment services, by the modernization of clearing and settlement systems, and by the efforts of regulators to redefine the payment industry for the future, these trends are addressed in the fourth section of the report. There is an account of how innovations in technology-based financial payment services have developed, and it shows that while this topic is not new, it has evolved, particularly in terms of origin and vocation. One of the boxes that accompanies the fourth section deals with certain payment aspects of open banking and international experience in that regard, which has given the customers of a financial entity sovereignty over their data, allowing them, under transparent and secure conditions, to authorize a third party, other than their financial entity, to request information on their accounts with financial entities, thus enabling the third party to offer various financial services or initiate payments. Innovation also has sparked interest among international organizations, central banks, and research groups concerning the creation of digital currencies. Accordingly, the last box deals with the recent international debate on issuance of central bank digital currencies. In terms of the methodological progress that has been made, it is important to underscore the work that has been done on the role of central counterparties (CCPs) in mitigating liquidity and counterparty risk. The fifth section of the report offers an explanation of a document in which the work of CCPs in financial markets is analyzed and corroborated through an exercise that was built around the Central Counterparty of Colombia (CRCC) in the Colombian market for non-delivery peso-dollar forward exchange transactions, using the methodology of network topology. The results provide empirical support for the different theoretical models developed to study the effect of CCPs on financial markets. Finally, the results of research using artificial intelligence with information from the large-value payment system are presented. Based on the payments made among financial institutions in the large-value payment system, a methodology is used to compare different payment networks, as well as to determine which ones can be considered abnormal. The methodology shows signs that indicate when a network moves away from its historical trend, so it can be studied and monitored. A methodology similar to the one applied to classify images is used to make this comparison, the idea being to extract the main characteristics of the networks and use them as a parameter for comparison. Juan José Echavarría Governor
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