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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Complex society'
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Duvefelt, Sabine, and Carolina Sjölander. "Multiple Discrimination : Addressing Complex Discrimination in a Complex Society." Thesis, Örebro University, Department of Behavioural, Social and Legal Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-1912.
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This thesis show how the European Community, through legislation and case law, is addressing the problem of multiple discrimination and what the possible solutions to it are.
Multiple discrimination describes a situation where an individual experiences discrimination on more than one ground. This can occur in two different ways; additive or intersectional. Additive discrimination describes a situation where an individual is discriminated against on more than one ground and these grounds are added on top of each other. Intersectional discrimination explains how an individual’s multiple identities may be the cause of discrimination in such a way that the grounds for discrimination cannot be considered separately.
Expanding the list of grounds in Article 13 EC could help multiple discrimination claims but cannot be seen as the exclusive solution to such a complex problem. Many more problems surround multiple discrimination claims. One is to find an adequate comparator in order to prove discrimination. Another is that the case law shows a higher rate of success for plaintiffs claiming only one ground of discrimination even if they have experienced multiple discrimination, causing a disparity between the facts of the case and the reality experienced by the plaintiffs.
In conclusion, such a complex matter cannot be solved by one simple solution but the Community would benefit from an explicit prohibition as well as a common definition of multiple discrimination.
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Zhang, Wu. "Complex networks in nature and society." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2017. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/33482.
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The first chapter of this thesis provides an introduction to fundamental concepts concerning econophysics, Ising model, and opinion networks. After a glance in a field of econophysics, Chapter 2 illustrates the economic behaviour via the implementation of two methods. The statistical analysis of real economic data will be briefly stated and followed by the agent-based dynamic model describing the commercial activities. Agent-based dynamic model investigates the intrinsic dynamics of trading behaviour and individual income by modelling transaction processes among agents as a network in the economic system. To take a further look into the network, we introduce a mathematical model of ferromagnetism in statistical mechanics which is called Ising model. Every element in the network can be treated as a two-state ({+1,-1} or sometimes {+1,0}) node. The similar methodology is used in the three-or-more-state situation. This kind of modelling method is widely applied in networks of neurosciences, economics, and social sciences. Chapter 3 implements and modifies Ising model of a random neuron network with two types of neurons: inhibitory and excitatory. We numerically studied two mutually coupled networks through mean-field interactions. After 3-step alternation, the model provides some fascinating insights into the neuronal behavior via simulation. In particular, it determinates factors that lead to emergent phenomena in dynamics of neural networks. On the other hand, it also plays a vital role in building up the opinion network. We first show the development of Ising model to opinion network. Then the coupled opinion network model and some of the analytical results are carefully given in Chapter 4. Two opinion networks are interfering each other in the system. This model can describe the opinion network more precisely and give more accurate predictions of the final state. At last, a case of U.S. presidential campaign in 2016 is studied. To investigate a complex system which is associated with a multi-party election campaign, we have focused on the situation when we have two competing parties. We compare the prediction of the theory with data describing the dynamics of the average opinion of the U.S. population collected on a daily basis by various media sources during the last 500 days before the final Trump-Clinton election. The qualitative outcome is in reasonable agreement with the prediction of our theory. In fact, the analyses of these data made within the paradigm of our theory indicate that even in this campaign there were chaotic elements where the public opinion migrated in an unpredictable chaotic way. The existence of such a phase of social chaos reflects the main feature of the human beings associated with some doubts and uncertainty and especially associated with contrarians which undoubtedly exist in any society. Besides, a modern tool, Twitter, with rapid information spreading speed affects the whole procedure substantially. We also take a closer look at the influence of the usage of Twitter on competitors, Trump and Clinton. Once the first sign from Trump began stirring on Twitter, it quickly began to ferment. Using Twitter not only brings strength to Trump as he wished, but also sending potentially backward to Clinton in this nationwide competition.
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吳兆康 and Siu-hong Ryan Ng. "Film Complex: resuscitation of film in commercial society." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31984770.
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Ng, Siu-hong Ryan. "Film Complex : Resuscitation of film in commercial society /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25946821.
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Hill, Warren D. "Ballcourts, competitive games and the emergence of complex society." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ38896.pdf.
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Avanessian, Armen, and Anke Hennig. "Time-Complex Anxiety." Universität Leipzig, 2020. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A72852.
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The following remarks are intended as philosophical comments on Gilles Deleuze’s groundbreaking reflections on a control society emerging at the end of the 20th century (cf. Deleuze 1992). Following Foucault, Deleuze’s interpretations of the ‘contemporary’ socio-technological transformations are mostly of a spatio-technical nature; the aim of this article is to complement his diagnosis with a time-philosophical analysis. Here, the guiding question is how to best characterize the time-political dimension of the new forms of social (“apprenticeships and permanent training”) and economic control, which has only further increased with the financialization of the 21st century (“Man is no longer man enclosed, but man in debt”) (1992: 6-7). Deleuze’s text already contains a number of clues that are relevant in this context, for example his references to the work of the dromonihilist Paul Virilio, specifically to the “ultrarapid forms of free-floating control” (1992: 4) that the latter outlined. Behind the acceleration paradigm sketched out by Virilio, however, we recognize an explanatory model of a different temporality, that is, both a different model of explanation and a different model of time. According to our working hypothesis, complex societies or societies that, under the influence of algorithms and computer-based infrastructures, are temporally complex can no longer be understood from the perspective of the present. The type of economy that Deleuze subsumed under the concept of ‘control society’ corresponds to a logic that is no longer centered on the present or the contemporary. Rather, under the digital technological conditions of the 21st century, control turns out to be time control and control of (as well as from) the future.
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Brass, M. J. "Reinterpreting chronology and society at the mortuary complex of Jebel Moya (Sudan)." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2016. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1478074/.
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The largest known pastoral cemetery in sub-Saharan Africa is found in the Jebel Moya massif, south-central Sudan. It was excavated from 1911 to 1914 by Henry Wellcome and first published in 1949. With more than 3100 human burials, the site provides extraordinary scope for exploring the interaction of indigenous and external cultural traditions on the southern boundary of the Meroitic state. This dissertation revises our understanding of Jebel Moya and its context. The few known archaeological localities of the southern Gezira and pre-Meroitic and Meroitic-era cemeteries are compared to elucidate the nature of pastoral social organisation at Jebel Moya. After reviewing previous applications of social complexity theory to mortuary data within and outside of Africa, new questions are posed for the applicability of such theory to pastoral cemeteries. Reliable radiometric dating of Jebel Moya for the first time by luminescence dates is tied into an attribute-based approach to discern three distinctive pottery assemblages. Three distinct phases of occupation are discerned, dating from (1) the early fifth millennium BC, (2) the mid-second to early first millennium BC, and (3) a mortuary phase from the first century BC into the sixth century AD. Analytically, new statistical and spatial analyses such as cross-pair correlation function and multidimensional scaling provide information on zones of interaction across the mortuary assemblages. Finally, an analysis of Meroitic and non-Meroitic mortuary locales from the central Sudan and Upper and Lower Nubia are examined to show how changing social, economic and power relations were conceptualised, and to highlight Jebel Moya’s potential to serve as a chronological and cultural reference point for future studies in south-central and southern Sudan.
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Smith, Jenny Leigh. "The Soviet Farm Complex : industrial agriculture in a Socialist context, 1945-1965." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/40394.
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Thesis (Ph. D. in History, Anthropology, and Science, Technology and Society (HASTS))--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Science, Technology and Society, 2006.MIT Dewey Library copy issued in pages.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 190-200).
"The Soviet Farm Complex" is a history of food, farming and the environment in the postwar Soviet Union. It tells the story of how different technical and institutional authorities created an industrial Soviet countryside in the generation after World War II. Beyond the leadership of the Soviet state, international trade relationships, new technologies, unusual scientific cultures, stubborn environmental realities and human shortcomings played important roles in shaping the progress of agricultural change. Four historical fields inform this project: the history of technology, agricultural history, Soviet history and environmental history. Each of the five chapters addresses a different time, place and theme in the history of the Soviet countryside, providing a close-up view of the most important aspects of postwar rural change. Soviet agricultural reform has often been interpreted as a failure: a textbook case of poor central planning and destructive, high-modernist logic on the part of the Soviet state. In fact, this study shows that the collective farming system as a whole was not particularly dysfunctional, nor was it doomed to failure simply by virtue of being centrally planned.
(cont.) Much like the capitalist farms with which it competed, Soviet farms struggled to overcome enormous environmental, economic and social barriers to success. Similarly to capitalist systems, the Soviet Union's farming complexes succeeded in some places, while failing spectacularly in others. The history of Soviet agricultural change is not a history of faceless state agents imposing change from a great distance. Rather, it is made up of many different kinds of people working at many different jobs. Agricultural scientists and bureaucrats performed research, wrote reports, created policies and issued orders, sometimes against their better judgment and sometimes with the full force of their beliefs behind them. On the ground, agricultural laborers tried to follow the orders that originated from these higher echelons although workers and their work often experienced periods of great transition. In the universities, teachers endeavored to instruct their students in modern and efficient methods of producing food, and in every city and village the powerful tool of Soviet propaganda strived to persuade citizens of the value and logic of all aspects of agricultural modernization.
(cont.) By examining the connections between state authority, agricultural modernization and environmental change, this dissertation shows that the industrialization of the Soviet countryside was a dynamic and convoluted process, affected far more by the seemingly trivial histories of genetic variation, animal nutrition and weather than by the machinations of powerful politicians or the mismanagement of inept bureaucrats.
by Jenny Leigh Smith.
Ph.D.in History, Anthropology, and Science, Technology and Society (HASTS
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Adaawen, Stephen Ataamvari [Verfasser]. "Narratives of Migration - Complex Answers of a Society in Transformation, Ghana / Stephen Ataamvari Adaawen." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1107184339/34.
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Timpeanu, Elena. "The rise of complex society in the eastern Carpatho-Danubian region (last millennium B.C.)." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1057082094.
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van, Calster Patrick. "Crime, control and complexity on the 'crime and security complex' in modern Western society." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2015. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/27855/.
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The dominant scientific methodology utilised by social scientists to study problems of crime and disorder is a macroscopic perspective that focuses on order and control; the molar. It assumes the ‘outside’ position of the researcher who focuses on functionality. Researchers construct their object of research as a distinct phenomenon and try to find links between it and its environment: the research object is assumed to be goal-driven. However, social reality is much more complex than this dominant perspective is able to research. This thesis argues that the molar cannot be fully understood without the molecular, a concept that expresses the idea of the unpredictable: sentiments, such as misunderstandings, fears and aspirations are key. However, the molar and the molecular are inextricably connected and emerge at the same time. Consequently, small changes on the molecular level could have huge and unpredictable effects on the molar level. Then, it becomes key to study the emergence of systems of control, such as law and partnerships, in relation to these molecular liquidities. Such an approach might teach us how crime policies deviate from the goals intended and start to produce undesirable side-effects. The thesis explores an alternative epistemology for examining issues of criminological concern which centers the molecular. It presents three case studies to illustrate the way both levels are interconnected. The first is concerned with the messiness and unpredictability of everyday relations and interactions in a criminal network. The second explores two Dutch police partnerships. Molecular elements such as personal preferences, frustrations and tensions are found to have a significant impact on the outcome of these partnerships. The third examines a measure introduced to prevent anti-social behaviour in the Netherlands which made shopkeepers and security personnel co-responsible for detecting and punishing acts such as shoplifting and fraud. The case is embedded in civil, not criminal, law and it is the diffuse nature of quasicriminal law that leads shopkeepers to refer to internal rules to justify their own actions. The cases show that the molecular is crucial in understanding crime problems and possible solutions, and the thesis concludes that the molecular should form the basis of a new epistemology for criminology research.
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Manning, Sturt W. "Before Daidalos : the origins of complex society, and the genesis of the state on Crete." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/273048.
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CHEQUER, JAMILE LARIAS. "FROM NGO/AIDS TO THE TRAVESTITE SOCIAL MOVEMENT – STATE-SOCIETY INTERACTION, COMPLEX DYNAMICS AND DEVELOPING IDENTITIES." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2011. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=17464@1.
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O tema deste trabalho está relacionado com as formas de interação entre Estado, ONG e movimento social. A proposta é uma observação ao longo do tempo de como o Programa Nacional de DST/Aids, movimento social de aids e movimento social travesti foram se construindo e se redesenhando no processo de interação política. Partindo da hipótese de que a partir das esferas de intermediação de interesses a interação entre Estado e sociedade pode promover o fortalecimento dos movimentos sociais e a legitimação do Estado, considerou-se as dinâmicas de entrelaçamento entre os atores a partir do entendimento de que são marcadas por relações de saber e poder que envolve, ao mesmo tempo, reciprocidade e assimetria. Ou seja, a política é instituinte desse processo no qual as identidades estão em construção.The theme of this work is related to the forms of interaction between State, NGOs and social movement. The proposal is an observation over time as the National STD / AIDS, the AIDS social movement and transvestite social movement were under construction and being redesigned in the process of political interaction. Assuming that from the spheres of interest intermediation, the interaction between State and society can promote the strengthening of social movements and the legitimacy of the State, it was considered the dynamics of entanglement between the actors from the understanding that they are marked by relations of knowledge and power that involves, at the same time, reciprocity and asymmetry. In other words, politics is instituting this process in which identities are under construction.
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Trautner, Mary Nell. "Screening, Sorting, and Selecting in Complex Personal Injury Cases: How Lawyers Mediate Access to the Civil Justice System." Diss., Tucson, Arizona : University of Arizona, 2006. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu%5Fetd%5F1683%5F1%5Fm.pdf&type=application/pdf.
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Wallin, Paul. "Ceremonial stone structures the archaeology and ethnohistory of the Marae Complex in the Society Islands, French Polynesia /." Uppsala : Societas Archaeologica Upsaliensis : Distributed by Dept. of Archaeology, Uppsala University, 1993. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/30760808.html.
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Caromba, Laurence Joseph. "The origins of liberal conservatism : Edmund Burke, Adam Smith, and the art of coping with a complex society." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25682.
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This study compares and contrasts the writings of Edmund Burke and Adam Smith, to determine whether they are contradictory, compatible, or complementary. Burke can be regarded as the founder of modern conservatism, and Smith is an early and powerful advocate of market-orientated liberalism. Today, their ideas have been blended into a system of “liberal conservatism” that serves as the unofficial political ideology of most right-of centre parties throughout the English-speaking world. However, it is not so immediately apparent that Smith and Burke can be reconciled with each other. In the course of this study, Burke and Smith’s ideas are considered at various levels of abstraction. They share a nuanced view of human beings as complex, social, sympathetic and self-interested. They both adhere to an empiricist epistemology that is distrustful of deductive rationality, especially when applied to complex human societies. In order to cope with this complexity, Burke and Smith alike counsel humility and pragmatism, and emphasise the importance of contingency. Furthermore, they suggest that policymakers rely on mechanisms that reveal information held by large numbers of individuals: tradition in the case of Burke, and the market mechanism in the case of Smith. Burke is a staunch opponent of arbitrary power, and an advocate of colonial liberty. However, he defends the prescriptive powers of the state, and argues that liberty should be tempered by self-restraint. Smith advocates a “system of natural liberty” in economic affairs, but acknowledges that such a system takes place within the framework of a coercive state. In terms of policy, Burke and Smith share similar views on external free trade and laissez-faire within the domestic economy, but there are important stylistic and substantive differences in their views on the relief of the poor. Ultimately, this study argues that Burke and Smith’s complementary policymaking framework, rather than their actual views on policy, is the true point of convergence between them.Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Political Sciences
unrestricted
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Derouiche, Nora. "Recherche des objets complexes dans le Web structuré." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00982406.
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Nous assistons aujourd'hui à un développement continu et rapide du Web Structuré, dans lequel les documents (les pages Web) ne sont plus composés que du texte non structuré mais sont centrés sur les données, présentant des contenus structurés et des objets complexes. Ces pages Web sont générées le plus souvent de façon dynamique à partir d'une base de données accessible via des formulaires (Web caché), et sont organisées selon une structure régulière et prédéfinie. Les plates-formes de recherche actuelles ne permettent d'obtenir que des pages en utilisant des méthodes traditionnelles de recherche par des mots-clés, qui sont inadaptées pour interroger le Web structuré. En effet, la recherche par mots-clés est sémantiquement pauvre et ignore les liens structurels existant entre les différents contenus des objets complexes (ex. dans une page Web d'un site commercial, constituée d'une liste de livres, les entités élémentaires "titre" et "auteur" composant chaque "livre" sont présentées selon une disposition qui illustre leurs relations. De nouveaux moyens de recherche sur le Web sont donc nécessaires, pour permettre à l'utilisateur de cibler des données complexes avec une sémantique précise. L'objectif de cette thèse est de fournir des algorithmes efficaces pour l'extraction et la recherche des objets structurées (un livre, un concert de musique, etc.) de façon automatique, à l'aide de méthodes adaptées allant au-delà de la recherche par mots-clés. Nous avons proposé une approche d'interrogation du Web en deux étapes, qui permet à l'utilisateur de décrire le schéma des objets ciblés, de façon souple et précise. Les deux problématiques principales adressées sont : (1) la sélection de sources Web structurées les plus pertinentes pour un schéma fourni par l'utilisateur (c-à-d, contenant les objets, instances de ce schéma), et (2) la construction de wrappers (extracteurs) pour l'extraction des objets complexes ciblés à partir des sources sélectionnées, en exploitant la régularité des structures des pages et la sémantique des données. Notre approche est générique, dans le sens où elle nŠest pas spécifique à des sources ou des objets d'un domaine particulier. Elle a été implantée (système ObjectRunner) et testée sur des sources Web appartenant à des domaines variés. Les résultats obtenus montrent, en particulier, une pertinente élevée au niveau de la sélection de sources et un gain significatif au niveau de la qualité de l'extraction par rapport aux approches existantes.
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Rovito, Sarah Maria. "An integrated framework for the vulnerability assessment of complex supply chain systems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/104816.
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Thesis: S.M. in Technology and Policy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, Technology and Policy Program, 2016.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 200-214).
Supply chains are critical to delivering components and products safely, affordably, and securely. However, these complex networks of suppliers, manufacturers, and customers are vulnerable to internal and external disruptions and subject to exploitation. This can result in adverse impacts to the system and inhibit value delivery. This thesis proposes a generic electronics supply chain model that can guide a user through different vulnerability assessment techniques and reveal information regarding system vulnerabilities as well as opportunities for decision-makers to intervene. The model draws upon a previously-developed Cause-Effect Mapping (CEM) analytic technique and assists with making decisions affecting complex systems, including those operating in resource-constrained environments. Elements of System Security Engineering (SSE) and Trusted Systems and Networks (TSN) analysis are taken into consideration, and leading indicators are utilized to provide a greater understanding of security concerns and impacts to a supply chain focusing on electronics for the defense industry. The model, adaptable to a diversity of systems and capable of recognizing non-obvious sources of vulnerability, can be used by systems engineers to provide a holistic view of a complex supply chain. The model facilitates the communication of information regarding supply chain vulnerabilities to decision-makers and other individuals.
by Sarah Maria Rovito.
S.M. in Technology and Policy
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Senior, Louise Marie 1958. "Time and technological change: Ceramic production, labor, and economic transformation in a third millennium complex society (Tell Leilan, Syria)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282841.
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This study investigates changes in ceramics at Tell Leilan, Syria, during three consecutive periods between 2500 and 2200 B.C. These changes co-occur with significant socio-political changes: urbanization of the region and fledgling statehood. The approach developed to examine ceramic change in this work is Ceramic Technical Sequence Analysis (CTSA) which combines the strategies of ceramic ecology, the French technique et culture school, and behavioral archaeology. CTSA is also informed by practice theory; thus, the limitations of previous work in ceramic technology are reduced. This technologically-based work discloses that the ceramic change noted at Leilan is the result of intensified ceramic production, notably faster manufacturing techniques. Estimates of labor costs were attempted through proxy measures of time expended in procuring and processing raw materials, and in pottery production techniques, including vessel formation, decoration and firing. Investigations are ordered according to the chaine operatoires used in ceramic manufacture at Leilan, and each aspect of the chaine operatoire is specifically examined in regard to changes in time expended during manufacture activities. Though archaeologists often inform their research with scientific techniques, this project is atypical in the number of methods applied, as well as the additional information gleaned from interviews with contemporary artisan-craft potters (N > 40). Investigation of multiple lines of evidence, rather than reliance on a single technique, strengthen this study's conclusions. Data were derived from a variety of characterization techniques used in Materials Science and Geosciences. Neutron activation analysis (INAA), systematic refiring tests, examination of petrographic thin sections, strength testing, dilatometry studies (thermal expansion), xeroradiography, observation of and consultation with modern potters and macroscopic examination of artifacts, were used to observe changes in ceramic production between the three stratigraphically delineated temporal phases at Tell Leilan. Not every aspect of chaine operatoire informs equally, nor agrees, on the topic of time expenditure. Vessel forming techniques deduced through "pot reading" of manufacture marks left on vessel surfaces proved to be the most fruitful. Ceramic Technical Sequence Analysis is productive in investigation of ceramic change, and when guided by larger research questions, may provide a link between ceramic- and social change.
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Cambe, Jordan. "Understanding the complex dynamics of social systems with diverse formal tools." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEN043/document.
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Au cours des deux dernières décennies les objets connectés ont révolutionné la traçabilité des phénomènes sociaux. Les trajectoires sociales laissent aujourd'hui des traces numériques, qui peuvent être analysées pour obtenir une compréhension plus profonde des comportements collectifs. L'essor de grands réseaux sociaux (comme Facebook, Twitter et plus généralement les réseaux de communication mobile) et d'infrastructures connectées (comme les réseaux de transports publiques et les plate-formes en ligne géolocalisées) ont permis la constitution de grands jeux de données temporelles. Ces nouveaux jeux de données nous donnent l'occasion de développer de nouvelles méthodes pour analyser les dynamiques temporelles de et dans ces systèmes.De nos jours, la pluralité des données nécessite d'adapter et combiner une pluralité de méthodes déjà existantes pour élargir la vision globale que l'on a de ces systèmes complexes. Le but de cette thèse est d'explorer les dynamiques des systèmes sociaux au moyen de trois groupes d'outils : les réseaux complexes, la physique statistique et l'apprentissage automatique. Dans cette thèse je commencerai par donner quelques définitions générales et un contexte historique des méthodes mentionnées ci-dessus. Après quoi, nous montrerons la dynamique complexe d'un modèle de Schelling suite à l'introduction d'une quantité infinitésimale de nouveaux agents et discuterons des limites des modèles statistiques. Le troisième chapitre montre la valeur ajoutée de l'utilisation de jeux de données temporelles. Nous étudions l'évolution du comportement des utilisateurs d'un réseau de vélos en libre-service. Puis, nous analysons les résultats d'un algorithme d'apprentissage automatique non supervisé ayant pour but de classer les utilisateurs en fonction de leurs profils. Le quatrième chapitre explore les différences entre une méthode globale et une méthode locale de détection de communautés temporelles sur des réseaux scientométriques. Le dernier chapitre combine l'analyse de réseaux complexes et l'apprentissage automatique supervisé pour décrire et prédire l'impact de l'introduction de nouveaux commerces sur les commerces existants. Nous explorons l'évolution temporelle de l'impact et montrons le bénéfice de l'utilisation de mesures de topologies de réseaux avec des algorithmes d'apprentissage automatiqueFor the past two decades, electronic devices have revolutionized the traceability of social phenomena. Social dynamics now leave numerical footprints, which can be analyzed to better understand collective behaviors. The development of large online social networks (like Facebook, Twitter and more generally mobile communications) and connected physical structures (like transportation networks and geolocalised social platforms) resulted in the emergence of large longitudinal datasets. These new datasets bring the opportunity to develop new methods to analyze temporal dynamics in and of these systems. Nowadays, the plurality of data available requires to adapt and combine a plurality of existing methods in order to enlarge the global vision that one has on such complex systems. The purpose of this thesis is to explore the dynamics of social systems using three sets of tools: network science, statistical physics modeling and machine learning. This thesis starts by giving general definitions and some historical context on the methods mentioned above. After that, we show the complex dynamics induced by introducing an infinitesimal quantity of new agents to a Schelling-like model and discuss the limitations of statistical model simulation. The third chapter shows the added value of using longitudinal data. We study the behavior evolution of bike sharing system users and analyze the results of an unsupervised machine learning model aiming to classify users based on their profiles. The fourth chapter explores the differences between global and local methods for temporal community detection using scientometric networks. The last chapter merges complex network analysis and supervised machine learning in order to describe and predict the impact of new businesses on already established ones. We explore the temporal evolution of this impact and show the benefit of combining networks topology measures with machine learning algorithms
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Kirchner, Mark William. "A critique of warehouse loft conversions through the adaptive re-use of Western Electric Company complex." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/21759.
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Kim, Joanne. "Towards a New Understanding: Complex Familial Constructs of Autism." Chapman University Digital Commons, 2016. http://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/ces_dissertations/5.
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The focus of this dissertation was to gain a better understanding of how families construct autism. Studies have overwhelmingly used the medical model or the institutional narrative to interpret how autism is understood in families. More recently, a counter-narrative has emerged resisting this medical model. Both narratives, however, simplify the intricate nature of the disability construct within families. Additionally, the term “family” has been used euphemistically to refer to mothers, fathers or siblings of children who have autism. This study explored the constructs of the whole family through shared stories of their day-to-day lives.
Through a narrative inquiry, this study used semi-structured interviews and participant observational data collected in homes and communities of three families who have elementary school-aged children diagnosed with autism. Selection criteria consisted of English-speaking families who completed a university-based early intervention program. Attempts were made to select multidimensional or diverse families. Resulting data were analyzed using NVivo software. Five findings emerged. First, contexts and the interactions held within them played a significant role in the type of narrative that was used to construct disability. Second, constructs of disability were in process and fluid. Third, families held competing constructs of disability at both the group and individual levels. Fourth, the dominant cultural narrative of disability founded upon the medical model was used by families; however, its use was predicated on the desire to protect family members (i.e., child with disability as well as siblings) from perceived and directly-experienced exclusions from mainstream society. Fifth, a dominant construct of disability existed within families and was contingent upon the strength of that construct within various contexts with which the family engaged.
Knowledge was added to the current literature on the complexity and fluid nature of the disability construct at the group and individual levels. In addition, these constructs were argued to be influenced by the interactive contexts and the embedded narratives of disability. Knowledge generated by this study can be used to integrate different lenses within professional training programs, and help to re-imagine the methods and aims of research that explore families who have children with disabilities.
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Huusko, Källman Rebecka. "Social participation in contemporary art jewellery : An investigation of contemporary art jewellery’s ability to discuss complex questions within western society." Thesis, Konstfack, Ädellab/Metallformgivning, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:konstfack:diva-4666.
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On the base of cultural norms, it seems that it is commonly accepted that one animal is considered 'friend', while the other 'food'. Even though people's opinion may differ in regards to the world's largest animal rights organization PETA (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animal) (Kulkarni, 2009), the organization asks a relevant question: “ If your cat tasted like chicken would you eat her?” As I work within the contemporary art jewellery field, it is through the body, jewellery, and the conscious act of wearing it, that I would like to encourage consumers to reflect on their personal meat consumption and to connect the packaged meat to the animal it comes from: what is it that we are eating? Where does it come from? Through this essay and my work/practice, I aim to critically reflect on the different existing values between animals in our society and to inspire more conscious and well informed decisions concerning meat. This essay is a research project prior to my practical exam work at the Jewellery + Corpus Master program at Konstfack and will serve as a basis for my artistic exam work. Against this background, I look at relevant literature and case studies representative of the field of contemporary art jewellery, in order to research/address the following question in this essay: - Is it possible to discuss complex questions within society though the media of contemporary art jewellery? Within the field, opinions differ between art historians as well as makers; it seems that the framework of contemporary art jewellery provides the medium, on one side, with great potential to speak of issues within society, although, on the other side, the same frame work commonly hinders the medium’s ability to reach out to the general public, in order to generate a wider discussion.
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Helgason, Ingi. "Complex pleasures : designing optional interactions for public spaces." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2017. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/1022893.
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This research aims to contribute to knowledge about the design of interactive systems sited in public spaces. In particular, the study concerns "optional interactions" where systems invite interaction from passers-by. These systems are action-orientated ratherthan goal-oriented, are designed to encourage engagement, and offer positive and rewarding experiences through the activity of interaction. This is in contrast to systems that provide functional services that are actively sought out by people, such as ticketvending machines or cash dispensers. This thesis asserts that this kind of optimal, designed experience can be examined and understood through comparisons with approaches taken by new-media artists working in interactive, technological media. Artists have different priorities, and use different methods to those employed by Human-Computer Interaction researchers, and this study aims to further understanding of the potential of these artistic approaches for interaction designers. The setting for these optional interaction systems is any public or semi-public environment, including museums, galleries, shopping centres, foyers and urban settings. As well as understanding the public and social context of these interactions, the experiential aspects of interaction are of primary importance in this study. The work is conducted with the aim of providing practical and theoretical resources to interaction designers tasked with creating engaging interactive systems that initiate and sustain experiences that are highly regarded by the participant. The thesis presents a designframework titled the Optional Interactions Design Framework.
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Nunes, Inês Isabel Guiomar. "Regresso ao oriente património industrial, natureza e sociedade." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/16535.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Arquitetura, com a especialização em Arquitetura apresentada na Faculdade de Arquitetura da Universidade de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre.A zona oriental de Lisboa tornou-se, desde finais do século XX, num “cemitério de fábricas”, com a desindustrialização e o abandono do território por parte dos trabalhadores fabris e de alguns habitantes. Vários factores contribuíram para a suburbanização desta área, para a sua segregação e marginalização em relação ao resto da cidade. Aqui proliferam terrenos expectantes, apesar da sua localização privilegiada perto do rio Tejo. O desafio deste Projecto Final de Mestrado é ensaiar uma forma de (re)activar o «Caminho do Oriente». Apostou-se no desenho de novas centralidades ao longo desta via, transformando os núcleos pós-industriais em «espaços-âncora», que acolhem usos contemporâneos adaptados à realidade de Lisboa e permitem devolver a frente ribeirinha à cidade. Com o fim de recuperar o Património Industrial e adaptá-lo à «cidade do futuro», optou-se por intervir no núcleo industrial de Xabregas e estudar o caso da Fábrica de Fiação de Tecidos (vulgo Fábrica da Samaritana). O complexo sócio-cultural proposto é formado por três estruturas, a fábrica e dois edifícios de apoio, que estabelecem a relação dialéctica entre os principais componentes do território: Património, Natureza e Sociedade. A integração no tecido cultural envolvente (Museu do Azulejo, Teatro Ibérico, escola Ar.co), a renaturalização do núcleo como peça do grande sistema ecológico do Vale de Chelas e a recuperação da solidariedade social no local, serviram de mote para as opções projectuais tomadas, a nível de programa e de concepção dos espaços. Considerando as constantes transformações do ambiente urbano, a proposta apresenta meios que facilitam a sua mudança de usos e adaptação às diferentes realidades da urbe, ao longo do tempo. A ideia é manter os “contentores” industriais em permanente utilização e presentes na memória das gerações vindouras.
ABSTRACT: Since the end of the 20th century, the eastern part of Lisbon has become a "factory's graveyard", with deindustrialization and territory’s abandonment by both factory workers, as well as some of its inhabitants. Several factors contributed to the suburbanization of this area, to its segregation and marginalization in relation to the rest of the city. Here, expectant lands proliferate, despite its privileged location near the Tagus River. The challenge of this Masters’ Degree Final Project is to rehearse a way to (re)activate the «East Path». It focused on the design of new centralities along this route, transforming the post-industrial areas into "anchor spaces", which accommodate contemporary uses adapted to Lisbon’s reality and allow the return of riverside front to the city. In order to recover the Industrial Heritage and adapt it to the "city of the future", it was decided to intervene in Xabregas’ industrial core and to study Fábrica de Fiação de Tecidos’s case (commonly known as Fábrica da Samaritana). The proposed socio-cultural complex it’s formed by three structures, the factory and two support buildings, which establish the dialectical relationship between the main components of the territory: Heritage, Nature and Society. The integration into the surrounding cultural fabric (Museu do Azulejo, Teatro Ibérico, Escola Ar.co), the core’s renaturation as part of the great ecological system of Chelas Valley and the recovery of place’s social solidarity, served as a motto to the planning options taken, at program level and in space design. Considering the constant transformations of urban environment, the proposal presents strategies that facilitate its change of uses and adaptation to the diferente city’s realities, over time. The idea is to keep industrial "containers" in permanent use and present in the memory of future generations.
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Boening, Astrid Bettina. "From the Barcelona Process to the Union for the Mediterranean: Sectors and Levels of Integration and Trust in the Mediterranean Region." Scholarly Repository, 2009. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/642.
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This dissertation is a case study of the EuroMed Partnership (EMP). It aims to examine the complex political, economic and social interrelationships in the EMP, and their impact on regional security in the Euro-Mediterranean region. The main thesis proposed here is that regional integration is taking place to the point of a regional security complex being established among EMP-member countries. This would contrast with the Middle East Regional Security Complex suggested by Buzan and Waever (2003). The dynamics observed reflect realist concerns with security among members. They also display neo-liberal integration approaches as well as the regional reciprocal (re-)constructions of structure, interests, and identities as suggested in the constructivist literature. A triangulated mix of qualitative research methods is utilized with primary data from elite interviews, as well as from official publications of member governments and institutes. Secondary data from analyses by other researchers provide comparison data for this dissertation. It will contribute to a framework for understanding the shifting security environment in the Euro-Mediterranean region from 1995 to the present in terms of regional integration, peacemaking and peacekeeping.
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Ferrari, Maíra Miller. "A riqueza do imponderável: complexidade e desafios da ciência, tecnologia e sociedade e da educação ambiental em rede." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/1120.
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In the current socio-environmental crisis it is critical that the relationships between Science, Technology and Society (STS) and Environmental Education (EE) are enriched, strengthened and dynamized. From the experience of four years in a cultural network called Circuito Fora do Eixo the following question arose: How to awaken the awareness of socio-environmental complexity within a social network? This study features a qualitative and literature review nature and it aims at understanding the different relationships between STS and the perspective of identifying contributions of these theories for the practice of Network Environmental Education. The epistemological framework of this research is the Complex Thinking according to Edgar Morin along with the Environmental Rationality by Enrique Leff. The study contextualizes: the socio-environmental crisis and the cultural dimension of the human being, the environmental rationality, the network society, and lastly, the relationship between Science, Technology and Society and Environmental Education. Based on these research developments we designed an Environmental Education program for network constituted collectives. We realized that it is essential to the program not to be ruled only in contents and that the most important are the human relationships that are established from there. The program features ways for socio-environmental sustainability in this network universe and considers the multiculturalism as an important bias in the process. It was noted that the Environmental Education and the Science, Technology and Society converge in many of the challenges to be faced by them. The implementation of this program can encourage both the critical awareness of the socio-environmental issues and the network participation in order to promote a change in the sensitivities and values, while giving rise also to the search of creative solutions into the achievement of sustainable societies.
Na atual crise socioambiental é fundamental que as relações entre Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade (CTS) e a Educação Ambiental (EA) sejam enriquecidas, esclarecidas, fortalecidas e dinamizadas. A partir da vivência de quatro anos em uma rede de cultura conhecida como Circuito Fora do Eixo surgiu a seguinte questão: Como despertar novas percepções sobre a complexidade socioambiental em uma rede social? Este estudo, de caráter qualitativo e bibliográfico, tem como objetivo, então, compreender as diferentes relações entre CTS com a perspectiva de identificar as contribuições destas teorias para a prática da Educação Ambiental em Rede. O arcabouço epistemológico da pesquisa baseia-se no Pensamento Complexo segundo Edgar Morin, junto à compreensão de Saber Ambiental de Enrique Leff, a partir dos quais buscamos contextualizar a crise socioambiental, a dimensão cultural do ser humano, o saber ambiental, a sociedade em rede e, enfim, as relações entre Ciência, Tecnologia, Sociedade e Educação Ambiental. Ao pensarmos nos desdobramentos da pesquisa, projetamos um Programa de Educação Ambiental para coletivos constituídos em Rede. Um programa que, essencialmente, não seja pautado apenas em conteúdos, mas sim nas relações humanas que se estabelecem a partir dele. É possível constatarmos, então, que a EA e a CTS convergem nos desafios a serem enfrentados, de maneira que o Pensamento Complexo se configura como uma lente orientadora neste processo. A implantação deste Programa de Educação Ambiental em Rede, em função da organização participativa que propõe, evidencia sua capacidade em estimular a consciência crítica sobre a problemática socioambiental, visando uma mudança de sensibilidades e valores que podem suscitar também a busca de soluções criativas para o alcance de sociedades sustentáveis.
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Smed, Akvelina. "The role of the female Balinese journalist : A qualitative field study covering the complex role of women journalists in the Balinese society." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Journalistik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-32824.
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The Hindu island of Bali is a patriarchal society and the Balinese people’s everyday tasks are woven together with their many cultural and religious rituals and actions. Bali is one of the most famous and most visited islands of the wide spread island nation of Indonesia. Here, the concept of cultural tourism is established – a concept which regards the rich Balinese culture as a tourist draw, something that motivates the Balinese people to safeguard their regional identity and culture. These strives although tends to collide with the strives towards a more gender equal society. This study investigates the role of the Balinese female journalist – both within the newsrooms and in the society in general. It is based mainly upon in-depth interviews with women journalists in Bali. The theoretical framework orbits around a gendered approach to the theory of Journalism Culture, which combines concepts such as doxa and social fields to explain the dynamic and dichotomizations within the professional field. Masculine domination theories are also used. The results of this study reveal a complex situation where the female journalists perform a challenging balance act in order to perform their very best both at work, at home and in the society.
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Reese, Cesha Tiffany. "Family Reunification Among Women in Recovery From Substance Abuse and Complex Trauma." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5257.
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For women in recovery from complex trauma and substance abuse, the lack of posttreatment family reunification services such as family engagement, service delivery, and aftercare planning increase the likelihood of parental relapse and children reentering foster care. A primary caregiver's continued relapse can lead to longer out of home placement for minor children and a loss of parental rights, with a negative impact on both children and parents. The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to examine the lived experiences of women in recovery, their sobriety practices, and how they reunified their families. The theoretical framework was Herman's trauma and recovery model. The research question focused on gaining a broader understanding of the complexities of substance abuse recovery among single-parenting women with trauma histories and their efforts to achieve and sustain family reunification. Data were obtained from interviews of 10 participants using an audio recording device and open-ended interview questions. Five themes emerged through analysis using open and axial coding: (a) choosing to remain sober, (b) cultivating and connecting, (c) trust and discovery, (d) trauma histories, and (e) aftercare and maintenance. Results indicated a possible connection between foster care recidivism and outdated aftercare services and practices. Improved aftercare practices could increase sustainability of reunified families and decrease the likelihood of relapse among caregivers in recovery. This study impacts social change by informing policy makers on state and federal levels of the needs of recovering parents and their families.
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Nordell, Dan. "ISIS – Information principles, skills, relations and capabilities for an inclusive learning society : -." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, fysik och matematik, DFM, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-21897.
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In our complex world of today we see that the leader- and followership is getting harder and harder to “command and control” our organizations and our society. The awareness of the decision makers are often too fragmented in relation to the often complex real situations out there. The information is only flowing in organizational stovepipes and not across boundaries as it should today. The patterns of mutual complex dependencies have taken over and we have difficulties in controlling the consequences of our decisions. The relations over organizational borders are often weak and fragmented and the mutual trust is low. Technology has always been a driver for the society to evolve and our idea is that technology can be the main driver for evolving cross boundary collaboration in order to meet the demands of the world. Technology can be the main driver but only if we consider all of the important dimensions when implementing Information and communication technologies (ICT) In order to find the right method of using technology and scientific methods for achieving better cross boundary collaboration a number of data collection activities has been performed, described and analyzed in the work with this thesis. The activities has been diverse in its nature, brainstorming activities, qualitative interviews and a small case study has been combined in order to derive the result – a path forward against further research for a better cross boundary collaboration in our western community. The thesis now have identified a path forward and a scientific framework for taking all of our experiences, existing capabilities, earlier performed research one step further and lift it up to the cross boundary level in organizations and in our society. We have the chance of cultivating all of the properties, relations, amounts of information, and evolve our technology. This may be all that we need in order to achieve a more socially sustainable climate in leader- and followership in our organizations and society. Who knows … maybe we can change the world … or at least make a real difference somewhere!
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Liu, Li. "Pathways to Social Complexity in China." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/113476.
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The characteristic traits of the Neolithic developed independently of each other during a very long time period over a broad region in China. Pottery appeared as early as ca. 19.000 cal. BP in late Paleolithic contexts. A shift to a semi-sedentary way of life first occurred at the onset of Holocene (ca. 11.000 cal. BP), and was associated with hunting-gathering populations. Pigs, dogs, rice and millet were domesticated by 9000-8000 cal. BP by people who primarily relied on wild plants and animals. Fully developed Neolithic sedentary farming villages were not established until ca. 7000 cal. BP in China. Agricultural economy was the foundation for emergence of hierarchical organized societies with elite groups controlling political and ritual power. Throughout the middle and late Neolithic period (7000-4000 cal. BP) numerous complex societies developed and declined across much of China’s landscape before the formation of early states in the second millennium BC.Los característicos rasgos del Neolítico se desarrollaron independientemente unos de otros durante un periodo muy largo en una amplia región de China. La cerámica es tan antigua como c. 19.000 A.P., en contextos del Paleolítico Tardío. A principios del Holoceno (c. 11.000 A.P.) ocurrió un cambio hacia un modo de vida sedentario y estuvo asociado con las poblaciones de cazadores-recolectores. El cerdo, el perro, el arroz y el mijo fueron domesticados alrededor de 9000 a 8000 A.P. por gente que antes dependía, en especial, de plantas y animales silvestres. Las aldeas agrícolas del Neolítico completamente desarrolladas no se establecieron si no hasta c. 7000 A.P. La economía agrícola fue el fundamento para el surgimiento de sociedades jerárquicas organizadas en las que existían grupos de elite que controlaban el poder político y ritual. A lo largo de los periodos Neolítico Medio y Tardío (7000-4000 A.P.) numerosas sociedades complejas se desarrollaron y pasaron por procesos de decadencia en gran parte del paisaje del territorio chino antes de la formación de los Estados tempranos en el segundo milenio a.C.
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Elera, Arévalo Carlos Gustavo. "The Puémape site and the Cupisnique culture, a case study on the origins and development of complex society in the central Andes, Perú." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ38464.pdf.
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Elera, Arévalo Carlos Gustavo. "The Puémape site and the Cupisnique culture : a case study on the origins and development of complex society in the Central Andes, Perú /." Ann Arbor (Mich.) : UMI, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40016615t.
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Stifflemire, Brett S. "Physicians, Society, and the Science Fiction Genre in the Film Versions of Invasion of the Body Snatchers: or Doctors with a Serious Pod Complex." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2010. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2268.
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Close textual analysis of the four extant film versions of Invasion of the Body Snatchers reveals that each film modifies the original story such that it reflects changing societal attitudes toward physicians and the medical profession, as well as depictions of military and government in the science fiction genre. The changing depictions of characters and events in these films respond to changes in medical history, social history, and the science fiction genre across five decades. Each film reflects the contemporary anxieties of its time and the perceived ability of physicians to relieve those anxieties. Doctors are important semantic elements of the science fiction genre, and their position within the syntax of a film helps to determine its meaning. By focusing on the physician character, this study finds that in addition to being a metaphor for threats such as Communism, Invasion of the Body Snatchers also reflects concerns about disease and other medical threats.
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Stevens, Ashley Marie. "American Society, Stereotypical Roles, and Asian Characters in M*A*S*H." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1459520345.
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Seidlmayer, Stephan Johannes. "The Origins of the State in Ancient Egypt." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/113336.
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Ancient Egypt counts among the few historical cases which document the origins of the state. In contrast to other regions, where state organization remained for a long period on the level of city states, an extensive territorial state emerged in Egypt at the end of the 4th millennium BCE. Archaeological research during the last few decades has revealed a wealth of new information. In particular the emergence of complex social, economic and political structures can be followed from the earlier part of the 4th millennium. Within the regional setting, the development of city-state like structures can be documented. In addition, large scale networks of communication and interaction, extending from the Levant south to the area of the 2nd cataract of the Nile, can be recognized which anticipated important structures and functions of the territorial state of dynastic Egypt. Thus the origins of the state can be anchored within a larger context of structural development. At the same time, the question needs to be addressed: how did social, economic and cultural structures later on develop within the political framework of the pharaonic state?El antiguo Egipto está entre los pocos casos históricos que documentan los orígenes del Estado. En contraste con otras regiones donde la organización estatal permaneció por mucho tiempo en el nivel de ciudades-Estado, en Egipto surgió un extenso Estado territorial ya hacia fines del cuarto milenio a.C. La investigación arqueológica realizada durante las últimas décadas ha revelado una abundancia de nueva información. De manera particular, el surgimiento de la complejidad social y de las estructuras económicas y políticas se puede seguir desde la parte temprana del cuarto milenio. Dentro de este entorno regional se pueden reconocer tanto el desarrollo de estructuras de tipo ciudades-Estado como redes de comunicación e interacción de gran escala que alcanzaron desde el área sur del Levante hasta la Segunda Catarata del Nilo; estas últimas anticiparon estructuras y funciones importantes del Estado territorial del posterior Egipto dinástico. De este modo, los orígenes del Estado pueden ser determinados dentro de un contexto más grande de progreso estructural. Al mismo tiempo, el tema necesita ser abordado en el marco de cómo, más adelante, surgieron organizaciones sociales, económicas y culturales al interior del escenario político del Estado faraónico.
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Kinser, Ann M., Jenna M. Kraska, Michael W. Ramsey, William A. Sands, G. Gregory Haff, Margaret E. Stone, and Michael H. Stone. "The Effect of 8 Weeks of Strength-power Training in Collegiate Throwers on Force-time Parameters Generated During a Post-exercise Potentiation Complex." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2007. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4102.
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Nilsson, Mattias. "Den allsmäktige : En kvalitativ studie i komplext ledarskaps anpassning till dagens organisationssamhälle." Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avd för företagsekonomi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-3961.
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I organisationers begynnelse fanns en annan typ av verklighet mot den vi idag kan se. Dagens organisationssamhälle är starkt förändrat med en större globalisering och ett fragmenterat samhällsliv. Tillsammans med organisationers jakt på effektivisering och vinstmaximering skapas nya strukturer och former av organisering. Med dessa förändringar i organiseringen och organisationssamhället skapas även en ny verklighet för individer i VD-roller att verka i. Mer aktuellt än någonsin verkar också de många avhoppen och avskedanden av individer i denna roll vara. I min studie undersökte jag därför huruvida ansvar och krav på en VD är anpassade till dagens organisationssamhälle för att möjliggöra uppfyllandet av rollen. Denna frågeställning besvarar jag genom att studera vilka krav som ställs av omgivningen på individen i en VD-roll, hur individen i VD-rollen ser på sin roll och vad VD-rollen innebär i praktiken. Vad jag såg var att man i dagens organisering kan se en anpassning till den komplexitet som dagens organisationssamhälle innebär. Den ökade kunskaps-nivån i samhället och organisationerna som man kan se idag skapar en möjlighet till en ökad decentralisering som också medger en anpassning av ledarrollen. Jag såg dock en diskrepans i de krav som ställs av företagsstyrelsen på individerna i rollen mot hur de själva upplever innehållet i sin roll och där-igenom även sin person eftersom deras självidentitet påverkas till stor del av deras egenupplevelse av sin ledarroll. En diskrepans såg jag även mellan rollens praktik relaterat till både hur individen ser på sin roll samt hur omgivningen ställer krav på individen. Dessa delar anser jag bör ligga på företagsstyrelserna att arbeta med för att utforma sina krav anpassat till rollens praktik och individens egenupplevelse av rollen. Detta skulle kunna underlätta individernas möjlighet att uppfylla kraven på VD-rollen och lyckas i sitt arbete eftersom de idag har en mycket krävande arbetssituation med långa arbetsdagar och stora ansvar.In the beginning of organisations there was a different kind of reality to what we see today. Today´s organisational society is profoundly altered with a greater globalisation and a more fragmented society. Together with the strive for increased efficiency and profit maximisation by the organisations, this leads to new structures and organisational models. These changes in the organising and organisational society also create a new reality for the individuals in a CEO´s role to operate in. More topical than ever seem also the many defections and dismissals of individuals in this role to be. In my research I therefore studied whether responsibilities and requirements for a CEO are adapted to today´s organizational society to enable the fulfilment of the role. I reach the conclusion for this question by studying the requirements for the CEO role, the individual’s self-experience of the role and the practice of the CEO role. What I found was that an adaption to the complexity of today´s organizational society can be seen in today´s organisational models. The increased level of knowledge in society and organisations create an opportunity for greater decentralisation which also allows for an adjustment of the leadership role. I did, however, find a discrepancy in the demands made by the board of directors for the individuals in the role relative to their own self-experience of the role, and thereby also their persona as their self-identity is largely influenced by their self-experience of their leadership role. I also found a discrepancy between the practice of the role and the individuals self-experience of the role as well as the requirements made on the individual in the role. I consider these discrepancies to be the responsibility of the board of directors to ensure they are taken into account for when the requirements for the individuals in the role are defined. This could facilitate better possibilities for the individuals in the role to succeed as today´s reality includes a demanding working environment with long hours and great responsibility.
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Casagrande, Baltazar. "Biogeografia da saúde : distribuição espacial dos vetores e o complexo patogênico da leishmaniose tegumentar americana /." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/153978.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Introdução: Esta tese apresenta uma contribuição para o entendimento da produção social da Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana (LTA). Particularmente, a tese aborda questões concernentes à trajetória das doenças vetoriais, como as leishmanioses, que possam estar sendo transformadas com a supressão de áreas florestadas pela expansão da monocultura da cana-de-açúcar, neste caso com destaque para o problema da LTA, que tem como vetor os flebótomos. Objetivo: O objetivo geral foi estabelecer relações entre a diversidade, a distribuição espacial de flebotomíneos, a produção do Espaço Geográfico e a saúde da população, caracterizando o Complexo Patogênico da Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana. Metodologia: Sendo assim, utilizamos os conhecimentos geográficos de Biogeografia, revisão de literatura, tanto sistemática quanto narrativa, levantamentos de campo e trabalhos laboratoriais e análises estatísticas. Resultados: Foram realizados no total 30 levantamentos de campo e capturados 2171 exemplares de flebotomíneos distribuídos entre os Fragmentos da Estação Ecológica do Mico-Leão-Preto, Água Sumida, 72 exemplares com sete espécies diferentes e Ponte Branca, 52 exemplares com 11 espécies diferentes e no estreito de baixo do Parque Estadual do Morro do Diabo, 2044 exemplares com 13 espécies diferentes. Em todos dos casos apresenta maior diversidade em áreas preservadas e menor diversidade em áreas colonizadas. Foram mapeados diferentes meios geográficos coexistindo a área em questão, sendo eles áreas florestais (meio natural), passando por área rural com assentamentos de reforma agrária e fazendas de pecuária extensiva (meio técnico), além de fazendas de agricultura canavieira (meio técnico científico-informacional). Discussões: É evidente que a atividade do cultivo da lavoura canavieira modificou o perfil epidemiológico da LTA na região do Pontal do Paranapanema entendido a partir de um Complexo Patogênico. Isso porque a implantação da atividade canavieira dá novos rumos ao modelo de cultivo no campo e isso interfere na dinâmica ecológica desta doença afetando a população local. Assim, esse estudo resultou em uma nova caracterização da área de estudo, espacialização dos vetores na região, no estabelecimento do Complexo Patogênico da LTA e na delimitação de um campo de pesquisa denominado de “Biogeografia da Saúde”. Conclusão: Esses resultados contribuem para a evolução dos conhecimentos geográficos, formação dos alunos de geografia e também para o fortalecimento da vigilância em saúde.
Introduction: This thesis presents a contribution to the understanding of the social production of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL). Particularly, the thesis deals with questions concerning the trajectory of vector diseases, such as leishmaniasis, that may be being transformed by the suppression of forested areas by the expansion of sugarcane monoculture, in this case highlighting the ACL problem, which has as vector the sandflies. Objective: The general objective was to establish relationships between diversity, spatial distribution of sandflies, production of Geographic Space and population health, characterizing the Pathogenic Complex of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis. Methodology: Thus, we use the geographical knowledge of Biogeography, literature review, both systematic and narrative, field surveys and laboratory work and statistical analysis. Results: A total of 30 field surveys were carried out and 2171 specimens of sandflies were distributed among the fragments of the Mico-Leão-Preto Ecological Station, Água Sumida, 72 specimens with seven different species and Ponte Branca, 52 specimens with 11 different species and in the lower strait of Morro do Diabo State Park, 2044 specimens with 13 different species. In all cases it presents greater diversity in preserved areas and less diversity in colonized areas. Different geographic environments were coexisting with the area in question, being forest areas (natural environment), passing through rural areas with agrarian reform settlements and extensive cattle ranches (technical environment), as well as sugar cane agriculture farms (scientific-informational). Discussion: It is evident that the sugarcane cultivation activity modified the epidemiological profile of ACL in the region of Pontal do Paranapanema, understood from a Pathogenic Complex. This is because the implantation of the sugar cane activity gives new directions to the model of cultivation in the field and this interferes in the ecological dynamics of this disease affecting the local population. Thus, this study resulted in a new characterization of the study area, spatialization of the vectors in the region, in the establishment of the ACL Pathogenic Complex and in the delimitation of a research field called "Biogeography of Health". Conclusion: These results contribute to the evolution of geographic knowledge, the training of geography students and also to the strengthening of health surveillance.
FAPESP: 2013/25920-5
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Simonyi, André. "Waiting for the Cows to Come Home: A Political Ethnography of Security in a Complex World. Explorations in the Magyar Borderlands of Contemporary Ukraine." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26126.
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This dissertation explores the ways in which the everyday (in)securities of people in southwestern Ukraine can illuminate our understanding of contemporary political life. Rather than using traditional units of analysis or given categories—the state, the individual, identity—the dissertation focuses on relations between people in and connected to a single village to develop a novel framework for analyzing politics and the political. The dissertation opens with an interrogation of the practical and theoretical challenges associated with current conceptualizations of security; our understanding of the political; and the role of ethnography in theorization and presents a research design meant to address those challenges. Drawing upon extensive participant-observation and other immersion-based research in a post-Soviet borderland wedged between Ukraine and Slovakia, and using an analytical tool I call “togetherness,” the thesis presents an ethnographic account of social interactions, economy, and authority in this largely Hungarian-speaking rural area. The third part of the dissertation applies the idea of an ontological shift and draws on complex systems and structuration theory (Luhmann and Giddens, respectively) to rethink the ethnographic analysis and to highlight relationships between structural and existential realms of political life. Here, the concept of security becomes central to the theorization, and the overall argument illuminates the intimate relationship between the idea of security and the political. Ultimately, this approach allows us to expand the scope of political ethnography: theorizing beyond thick description; integrating broader perspectives without losing the texture of the local; and developing an approach to research that can be replicated in other settings.
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Gail, Philippe André Rocha. "O direito tributário segundo paradigmas de uma sociedade hipercomplexa." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2010. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/9125.
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Previous issue date: 2010-08-19This work of scientific investigation is aimed to (re)observe tax law thru a new way of reading. This new way establishes itself into the first chapter stressing the evolution of the philosophical doctrines specially the linguistic turn and its influence in the contemporary legal dogmatic. In the second chapter the concepts deriving from the Systems Theory applicable to this work are established and cleared in this structuring. In the third and fourth chapters the social legal subsystem is revisited from an auto-reference and hetero-referenced point of view, respectively. In the fifth chapter the form of legitimating the legal communications thru the time differentiation (proceedings) are studied as well as the geographical position of the judicial and administrative courts in this subsystem. In the last chapter, some actual cases regarding tax law decided in administrative or judicial courts are studied under theses systemic paradigms, in other words, change and contingency are put in contraposition with the legal certainty and stability of the decided legal relationships
Este trabalho de investigação científica visa (re)observar o direito tributário por meio de uma nova chave de leitura. Esta chave inicia-se com o estabelecimento das noções fundamentais no primeiro capítulo, ressaltando a evolução das correntes filosóficas, especialmente, o giro linguístico e sua influência na dogmática contemporânea. No segundo capítulo estabelecem-se os conceitos derivantes da Teoria dos Sistemas aplicáveis ao trabalho, elucidando sua estruturação. No terceiro e quarto capítulos o subsistema jurídico da sociedade é revisitado a partir de uma autorreferência e de uma héterorreferência, respectivamente. No quinto capítulo a forma de legitimação das comunicações jurídicas através da diferenciação temporal são estudadas em conjunto com a localização geográfica das cortes administrativas e judiciais neste subsistema. No último capítulo alguns casos concretos do direito tributário julgados nas cortes administrativas e judiciais são estudados sob os novos paradigmas sistêmicos, ou seja, a mudança e contingência são postas em contraposição à certeza do direito e estabilidade das relações jurídicas já decididas
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Neves, Carlos Eduardo das. "O Uso do Geossistema no Brasil : legados estrangeiros, panorama analítico e contribuições para uma perspectiva complexa /." Presidente Prudente, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/191431.
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Orientador: Messias Modesto dos PassosResumo: O conceito de geossistema é constantemente mencionado no debate geográfico relacionado aos estudos paisagísticos e ambientais, fato que remonta ao seu protagonismo teórico-metodológico na constituição da interface entre geografia e abordagem sistêmica. Mesmo diante da importância do conceito para a ciência geográfica, não tem havido atenção especial ao entendimento dos diferentes legados científicos estrangeiros que suportam a pesquisa nacional sobre o tema. Também não há, em território nacional, um debate de fôlego que demonstre como o geossistema tem sido operacionalizado nos estudos articuladores sociedade ↔ natureza. Nesse âmbito, objetivou-se, de modo geral, analisar o uso do conceito de geossistema pela pós-graduação em geografia no Brasil entre 1971 e 2015, considerando as suas trajetórias e tendências junto aos estudos dedicados à relação sociedade ↔ natureza. Para o alcance de tal objetivo, discutiram-se as perspectivas históricas e os legados internacionais sobre o tema; a produção geográfica nacional sobre geossistema e suas relações com a paisagem e o ambiente; a importância da correlação entre conceitos particulares e complementares ao debate do ordenamento – paisagístico e ambiental – dos territórios; e, por fim, realizou-se um debate visando à ressignificação conceitual e à prática analítica sobre o tema. Para isso, a partir de uma metodologia articuladora pautada no pensamento da complexidade e em análise histórica, documental e comparativa, realizou-se a recu... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The concept of geosystems is constantly addressed in the geographical debate related to landscape and environmental studies, a fact that resumes the concept's theoretical and methodological role in constituting the interface between geography and the systemic approach. Even despite the importance of the concept for geographical science, no special attention has been given to understanding the different foreign scientific legacies underlying the national research on the subject; nor is there a national debate that demonstrates how geosystems have been operationalized in studies articulating society and nature. In this vein, the primary objective of this study was to analyze how the concept of geosystems has been used by graduate programs in geography in Brazil between 1971 and 2015, considering the concept’s trajectories and trends in studies addressing the society-nature relationship. To this end, the study discussed historical perspectives and international legacies on the subject; national publications on geosystem and its relationship with landscape and the environment; the importance of correlating concepts that are specific and complementary to the debate of (landscape and environmental) territorial planning; and, finally, argued in favor of a conceptual reframing and analytical practices on the subject. Therefore, based on an articulating methodology encompassing complex thought and historical, documentary and comparative analysis, the study recovered the national and i... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Résumé: Le concept de géosystème est constamment abordé dans le débat géographique lié aux études paysagères et environnementales, ce qui remonte au rôle théorique et méthodologique dans la constitution de l’interface entre la géographie et l’approche systémique. Malgré l'importance du concept pour la science géographique, aucune attention particulière n'a été accordée à la compréhension des différents héritages scientifiques étrangers qui soutiennent la recherche nationale sur le sujet. Il n'y a pas non plus de débat national qui montre comment le géosystème a été opérationnalisé dans les études sur la société et la nature. Dans cette optique, l’objectif principal de cette étude était d’analyser la manière dont le concept de géosystème a été utilisé par les programmes de troisième cycle en géographie au Brésil entre 1971 et 2015, en prenant en compte les trajectoires et les tendances de ce concept dans les études traitant de la relation société-nature. À cette fin, l’étude a examiné les perspectives historiques et l’héritage internationale sur le sujet; les publications nationales sur le géosystème et sa relation avec le paysage et l'environnement; l'importance de corréler des concepts spécifiques et complémentaires au débat sur l'aménagement (paysager et environnemental) du territoire; et, enfin, a préconisé un recadrage conceptuel et des pratiques analytiques sur le sujet. Pour cela, reposant sur une méthodologie articulée englobant pensée complexe et analyse historique, documenta... (Résumé complet accès életronique ci-dessous)
Doutor
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Henriksen, Eva. "Understanding in Healthcare Organisations- a prerequisite for development." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-3072.
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This study proposes that poor understanding of the structures, processes and outcomes of organisations seriously hampers collaboration between professional groups in care organisations. Three care settings were investigated: follow-up of patients with heart disease, an intensive care unit and care services for older people.
The overall aim was to investigate how people understand structures, processes and outcomes in care organisations. The participants were patients, patient representatives, healthcare professionals, managers and politicians.
A qualitative approach was used. Thematic analysis and grounded theory were employed in analysing the data.
Despite considerable efforts, no major changes took place over a 7-year period as to how cardiac follow-up services were understood. The system of cardiac follow-up services was found fragmented in its organisation and in the way individuals understood it. The results indicate that care professionals, patients and leaders have dissimilar understandings. The data suggest that care is organised from a professional-centred perspective rather than from a holistic worldview of the patients’ total context. Leaders in intensive care perceive their organisation as a learning organisation. However, in daily work healthcare tends to function to what can be described as a mass production approach to care. This state of conflict caused confusion and chaos among the leaders. The municipal elderly care services and the county council’s geriatric organisation had difficulties in co-ordination. Older people were perceived as passive recipients of healthcare, rather than as consumers whose well being and outcome were a reflection to the quality of the service.
The study concludes that despite the major changes that have taken place in the Swedish health and elderly care organisations over the past years, healthcare professionals’ understanding of their work has gone largely unchanged. Their understanding of care structures and processes did not change despite outside pressures. Lack of understanding of what others understand hampers development with the result that care organisations risk stagnation.
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Ker, Rault Philippe Ange. "Public participation in integrated water management : a wicked process for a complex societal problem." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2008. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/4083.
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The meaning of both Integrated Water Management and Public Participation (PP) are subject to interpretation by stakeholders, because the concepts of uncertainty, risk management and construction of a societal project challenge scientific expertise, political power and democratic decisions concerning public good management. I do not study PP and IWM with a normative aspiration to identify the ‘true’ problem and participation, but to investigate constructions of reality of water management challenges (WMCs) and of participation from different perspectives: which type of participation is perceived as appropriate for which type of water management challenges? The study areas are river basins in Jordan, Lebanon, Syria and Turkey. The EU Water Framework Directive provides an analytical framework to study meanings of PP in River Basin Management Plan. Grounded Theory Methodology is used to elicit understandings of both PP and WMCs via qualitative and quantitative data (questionnaires, interviews, medium-scale survey). This thesis presents grounded typologies of objectives of PP, types of PP, of WMCs, of the roles of the competent authority and of hurdles to initiate PP. Even in countries where criteria characterising a democratic society are not all entirely satisfied there is a case for promoting PP in IWM. Although an uneducated public, with poor knowledge of the far reaching consequences of WMC is seen as a hurdle to initiate PP, the evidences show the contrary: a public aspiration, readiness and willingness to express ones’ voice. Conditions to foster PP require both political stability and an open society where opinions can be formed and exchanged; but also pressure on resources and services for the public to be interested and willing to take part in water management, and for the competent authority to be willing to engage with both stakeholders and the public in order to complement experts’ understandings of complex societal problems. Public Participation is not only about the pursuit of power over the final decision, but about defining what problems are about according to different constructs of reality. The newly developed grounded typologies of objectives of PP and of types for PP help identifying appropriate forms of participatory practices in relation to the contextual water management crisis.
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Lindberg, Eva. "Continuous Quality Development by Means of New Understanding : A four year study on an Intensive Care Unit during times of hard work and demanding organisational changes." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-3782.
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The present thesis follows an intensive care unit during four year of hard work and demanding organisational changes (1998-2001). The changes were mainly initiated by diminishing resources and a legislative claim to pay regard to the quality aspect of health care service. The process of implementing a quality system was the main focus for the thesis. Triangulation was used aiming at explore the process from different views. Two interviews studies were conducted one with the staff and another with the leadership. Both interviews were analysed thematically combined with a phenomenographic technique (e.g. using the how, and what aspect). A longitudinal quasi experimental time-series study was also accomplished. The correlation between staff variables and workload were measured once a year. The result show a 20 % increase in workload per staff and year. The staff judged the organisational climate for innovativeness stable over the period. Sick leave increased, and more so, than the general trend in the society. In spite of this increase the prevalence of stress related symptoms was the same. Two different systems emerged, a complex adaptive system and a mechanical system. The two systems exist and functions intertwined. Because of the construction of the patient register it is possible to see that the situation around a patients being admitted ≥ 5 days functions according to the complex systems character while the situation around the acute patients functions according to a mechanical system. Sick leave correlated with number of patient admitted ≥ 5 days (P=,000). It seemed the problem found had its root in the unawareness of the existing of a complex system. The result has implications for a need of increased awareness about how to manage the situation when the ICU is functioning according to the complex adaptive system.
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Jaudon, Bruno. "Les compoix de Languedoc (XIVe-XVIIIe siècle) : pour une autre histoire de l'État, du territoire et de la société." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON30054/document.
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Les compoix sont, dans le Languedoc médiéval et moderne, les ancêtres des matrices cadastrales. Antérieurs à la Révolution, ils servent d’outils fiscaux à l’usage potentiel de chacune des 2700 communautés d’habitants de la province. Source documentaire abondamment employée par les historiens, depuis les travaux économiques et sociaux d’Albert Soboul et Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie en particulier, elle n’a jamais fait l’objet, pourtant, de sa propre histoire. Celle-ci agit cependant comme un prisme qui révèle beaucoup d’aspects de l’évolution de la vie politique, institutionnelle et sociale du Languedoc ancien, considérée sur presque cinq siècles. Créés pour répartir l’impôt foncier, les compoix constituent ainsi un observatoire de la manière dont une société provinciale compose avec les progrès de l’État. Élaborés pour identifier les détenteurs du sol, ils cristallisent des enjeux relatifs à la sociabilité des communautés d’habitants rurales et urbaines. Réalisés par le recensement des parcelles et de la nature de leur mise en valeur, ils disent l’espace tel qu’on se le représente à un moment donné et tous ensemble, parlent de la conception évolutive du territoire. Les compoix sont à la fois les réceptacles et les pôles émetteurs des mutations lentes, profondes et parfois saccadées qui traversent les sociétés anciennes qui les ont rédigés. Le Languedoc ne constitue finalement qu’un poste d’observation commode de la longue construction interne du royaume de France par le développement de l’État, de son administration, de ses institutions et de ses relations avec la population et les territoires placés sous autoritéThe Languedoc compoix are, for medieval and modern times, the forerunners of actual land registers. Prior to the French Revolution, they were potentially used as fiscal tools by each one of the Province 2700 former municipalities. This documentary source has been widely used by historians, at first by Albert Soboul and Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie for economic and social investigations. But the own history of the compoix has never been written before. However it acts as a prism able to show a lot of facets in ancient Languedoc political, institutional and social life evolutions – and this nearly over five centuries. As they were created to distribute the land tax between taxpayers, the compoix constitute an observation point of the way a provincial society puts up with the State development. They were elaborated to identify the landowners and they crystallize many stakes in the sociability of urban and rural communities. As they were carried out by listing land plots and the nature of their land use, they talk about space such as we all visualize it, and deal about the evolving conception of territories. The compoix are the transceivers of the slow, deep and sometimes jerky changes in the ancient societies, which ordered to make these registers. The Languedoc only constitutes a convenient vantage point to gaze at the French Kingdom internal building, by developing the State, its administration, its institutions and finally its relationships with local populations and territories under its authority
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Alami, Aroussi Hassane. "La société anonyme duale en droit comparé." Montpellier 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON10022.
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Au Maroc, la réforme de la société anonyme de 1996 est entrée en vigueur en l'an 2000. Cette législation a été considérée comme la pièce maîtresse de la réforme de l'ensemble de l'environnement juridique de l'entreprise, basée jusqu'à cette date sur la loi française du 24 juillet 1867. L'adoption de la loi 17-95 sur les sociétés anonymes a déclenché une série de réformes dans les domaines commercial, économique et financier. Les trois principales questions traitées dans ce travail sont les suivantes: Comment une législation dédiée principalement aux sociétés d'une certaine importance pouvait-elle s'adapter à une économie principalement dominée par la petite et moyenne entreprise? Dans quelle mesure l'alignement du droit marocain de la société anonyme à directoire sur le droit commercial français peut-il être un choix pertinent? Cette option comporte indéniablement l'avantage de bénéficier d'une législation bien établie, d'une riche jurisprudence et d'une doctrine de qualité. Ces avantages comportent en eux-mêmes leurs propres limites. Le niveau de développement socio-économique du Maroc n'a pas permis la mise en oeuvre réelle de l'ensemble des avantages d'un montage juridique aussi sophistiqué que celui de la société anonyme à directoire et conseil de surveillance. D'un autre côté, les quelques innovations introduites par le législateur marocain n'ont pas véritablement contribué à asseoir ce niveau type de gouvernance de l'entreprise. A travers la réforme de la société anonyme en cours d'adoption, le législateur marocain dispose d'une nouvelle opportunité de redynamiser la société anonyme à directoire, de pallier ses insuffisances et corriger ses omissions.
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Foos, Yvon. "Histoire et évolution du commissariat aux comptes dans la société anonyme française : contribution à l'approche de l'indépendance." Nancy 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NAN22001.
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L'objet principal de cette thèse est d'étudier l'historique de la profession de commissaire aux comptes, de mettre en évidence les principales évolutions qui sont toujours d'actualité et les obligations éthiques qui pèsent sur ces derniers et organisent leurs comportements. L'objet est également de contribuer à une réflexion sur ce qu'est l'indépendance, terme récent dans la langue française et central pour la profession. Le législateur et l'organe de tutelle : la Compagnie Nationale des Commissaires aux Comptes (CNCC) obligent les auditeurs légaux d'être et de paraître indépendants. Mais peut-on définir ce qu'est l'indépendance au sens absolu du terme et peut-on demander ou exiger d'une personne d'être ou d'avoir un comportement qui dans l'absolu ne peut pas exister ? Peut-on définir l'indépendance uniquement par l'utilisation de négatifs ?
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Hector, Donald Charles Alexander. "Towards a new philosophy of engineering: structuring the complex problems from the sustainability discourse." University of Sydney, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/2690.
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Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)Revised work with minor emendations approved by supervisor.
This dissertation considers three broad issues which emerge from the sustainability discourse. First is the nature of the discourse itself, particularly the underlying philosophical positions which are represented. Second, is the nature of the highly complex types of problem which the discourse exposes. And third is whether the engineering profession, as it is practised currently, is adequate to deal with such problems. The sustainability discourse exposes two distinct, fundamentally irreconcilable philosophical positions. The first, “sustainable development”, considers humanity to be privileged in relation to all other species and ecosystems. It is only incumbent upon us to look after the environment to the extent to which it is in our interests to do so. The second, “sustainability”, sees humanity as having no special moral privilege and recognises the moral status of other species, ecosystems, and even wilderness areas. Thus, sustainability imposes upon us a moral obligation to take their status into account and not to degrade or to destroy them. These two conflicting positions give rise to extremely complex problems. An innovative taxonomy of problem complexity has been developed which identifies three broad categories of problem. Of particular interest in this dissertation is the most complex of these, referred to here as the Type 3 problem. The Type 3 problem recognises the systemic complexity of the problem situation but also includes differences of the domain of interests as a fundamental, constituent part of the problem itself. Hence, established systems analysis techniques and reductionist approaches do not work. The domain of interests will typically have disparate ideas and positions, which may be entirely irreconcilable. The dissertation explores the development of philosophy of science, particularly in the last 70 years. It is noted that, unlike the philosophy of science, the philosophy of engineering has not been influenced by developments of critical theory, cultural theory, and postmodernism, which have had significant impact in late 20th-century Western society. This is seen as a constraint on the practice of engineering. Thus, a set of philosophical principles for sustainable engineering practice is developed. Such a change in the philosophy underlying the practice of engineering is seen as necessary if engineers are to engage with and contribute to the resolution of Type 3 problems. Two particular challenges must be overcome, if Type 3 problems are to be satisfactorily resolved. First, issues of belief, values, and morals are central to this problem type and must be included in problem consideration. And second, the problem situation is usually so complex that it challenges the capacity of human cognition to deal with it. Consequently, extensive consideration is given to cognitive and behavioural psychology, in particular to choice, judgement and decision-making in uncertainty. A novel problem-structuring approach is developed on three levels. A set philosophical foundation is established; a theoretical framework, based on general systems theory and established behavioural and cognitive psychological theory, is devised; and a set of tools is proposed to model Type 3 complex problems as a dynamic systems. The approach is different to other systems approaches, in that it enables qualitative exploration of the system to plausible, hypothetical disturbances. The problem-structuring approach is applied in a case study, which relates to the development of a water subsystem for a major metropolis (Sydney, Australia). The technique is also used to critique existing infrastructure planning processes and to propose an alternative approach.
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Beaux, Jean-François. "Le complexe volcano-plutonique de la presqu'île de la société de géographie (Iles Kerguelen) : structure et pétrologie." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066198.
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Le pluton central permet de bien cerner l'évolution et la mise en place de la série alcaline sous-saturée en silice. Ses caractères géochimiques et minéralogiques conduisent à l'expliquer par la cristallisation fractionnée d'un magma fortement alcalin. Des contraintes de fractionnement conduisent à proposer un modèle de deux chambres magmatiques superposées dont le style de mise en place est clairement lie à la différenciation et fait appel aux deux mécanismes reconnus : la subsidence souterraine passive qui guide les intrusions les moins différenciées et le mode en force qui est l'expression des magmas plus évolués et détermine la mise en place de la chambre superficielle.