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Academic literature on the topic 'Complexe d'espèces Ralstonia solanacearum'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Complexe d'espèces Ralstonia solanacearum"
Nomenjanahary, Marie veronique. "Succès épidémiologique et contrôle du complexe d'espèces Ralstonia solanacearum à Madagascar et dans le sud-ouest de l'océan indien." Electronic Thesis or Diss., La Réunion, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LARE0040.
Full textThe Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (Rssc) is the causal agent of bacterial wilt, and is one of the major biotic constraint on vegetable, fruit, ornamental and forestry crop systems throughout the tropical, subtropical, lowland and highland belt. It is phylogenetically structured in four phylotypes (I, II, III and IV). The various surveys carried out in the Southwest Indian Ocean (SOOI) zone through different research works suggest that these four phylotypes have settled in the zone. Nevertheless, their prevalence differs considerably. This thesis project aims to understand the molecular basis of the epidemiological success of the prevalent lines in Madagascar and in the SOOI, in comparison with the other lines, in order to evaluate the efficiency and durability of the resistance of an eggplant accession to control them. In that respect, the following two axes will be conducted in parallel during the duration of the thesis. In axis 1, the molecular mechanisms put in place by the bacterium to adapt to its host and environment will be identified and compared between highly and less prevalent lines. In axis 2, several eggplant accessions will be tested against highly prevalent lines in order to evaluate their level of resistance and the risks of bypassing them
Cellier, Gilles. "Description des écotypes du phylotype II dans le complexe d'espèces Ralstonia solanacearum : diversité et évolution." Phd thesis, Université de la Réunion, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00716870.
Full textRavelomanantsoa, Santatra Herilalaina. "Biologie des populations du complexe d'espèces Ralstonia solanacearum appliquée à l'épidémiologie de la bactériose vasculaire de la pomme de terre à Madagascar." Thesis, La Réunion, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LARE0017/document.
Full textThis thesis is exploring genetic diversity, population structure and molecular epidemiology of the Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (Rssc) causing potato bacterial wilt outbreaks in Madagascar. We characterized a large collection of strains (n=1224; 75 sites) collected from potato production areas. Surprisingly, the large outbreaks were associated with IIB-1 strains (Brown rot) while a few were associated with phylotypes I and III. This is the first report of phylotype IIB-1 in Madagascar. The IIB-1 strains were genotyped based on MLVA (RS2-MLVA9). And Malagasy phylotype IIB-1 clustered with worldwide distributed strains. Fine scale genetic investigation suggested three clonal populations that were introduced and spread through latently infected tuber-seeds. Phylotype III strains were genotyped with the highly discriminatory RS3-MLVA16 scheme we developed. Genetic population analyses revealed a high genetic diversity within phylotype III strains that geographically structured into 11 clonal populations. This support the endemic character of the phylotype III population in Madagascar and suggests no transmission with potato tubers. Malagasy strains were distinct from continental African strains. A clear-cut epidemiological profile is shown between IIB-1 and III strains. Genetically, no bacterial wilt resistance properties were shown for the most popular Malagasy potato cultivars, except two cultivars: 720118 and 800934 that showed strong resistance to phylotype I-31 strain that are predominantly distributed in the Indian Ocean. This study offered tool to genotype phylotype III strains and gives an insights into population structure and epidemiology of the Rssc
Afonso, Mendes-Yahiaoui Noura. "Épidémiologie moléculaire du complexe d’espèces Ralstonia solanacearum, agent du flétrissement bactérien, dans les îles du Sud-Ouest de l’océan Indien." Thesis, La Réunion, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LARE0014.
Full textIn the southwest Indian Ocean (SWIO) islands (Comoros, Mauritius, Mayotte, Réunion, Rodrigues and Seychelles), bacterial wilt caused by the Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (Rssc) is considered one of the most harmful plant disease for food crops or export. The main objective of this work presented in this manuscript was to explore the level and the distribution of the genetic diversity of Rssc and the genetic structure of its populations in SWIO. We conducted extensive sampling campaigns that resulted in a large collection of 1704 isolates, mainly from Solanaceae (tomato, potato, chilli, eggplant, pepper) and geranium rosat. The phylogenetic assignment of the isolates showed a very high prevalence of phylotype I (88 %), which is distributed in each island of the SWIO, while phylotypes II (9 %) and III (3 %) are found only in Réunion. Two phylotype IV strains have also been reported in Mauritius, representing the first report of this phylogenetic group in SWIO. A phylogenetic and genotyping approach (MLSA/MLST) based on sequence analysis of 6 housekeeping genes and 1 gene associated with virulence (egl) revealed the genetic relationships between 145 representative SWIO strains (geographic diversity + host) and 90 global reference strains. The development and application of MLVA scheme based on 17 variable number of tandem repeat sequences (VNTR) on nearly 1300 strains revealed that phylotype I populations are organized into clonal complexes in SWIO and that the level of genetic diversity is highly contrasted according to the islands, with Mauritius having the highest genetic diversity. This work highlights the deployment of a genetic lineage (Sequevar I-31, STI-13, MT-035), overrepresented in SWIO islands, which could have been introduced via contaminated plant material from South Africa or West Africa. Our preliminary studies show that the main haplotype MT-035 (i) is the probable founding haplotype of the most prevalent clonal complex in SWIO, (ii) has high pathogenicity (wide range of hosts including cultivated plants and weeds, and high aggressiveness on Solanaceae) and (iii) has a strong ability to compete in the environment via the production of bacteriocins. This work will ultimately strengthen epidemiosurveillance and guide control strategies of this plant pathogen, including the deployment of resistant cultivars
Gousset, Christian. "Contribution à l'étude des interactions parasites-hotes entre le pathogène Ralstonia solanacearum et des plantes hotes du complexe aubergine (Solanum melongena L. )." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112152.
Full textRecently, resistance to bacterial wilt caused by r. Solanacearum was identified in local variety of chinese eggplant. However, the best genetic resources for eggplant improvement are wild related species such as s. Torvum, s. Aethiopicum and s. Sisymbriifolium which present high levels of resistance to r. Solanacearum. The sexual incompatibility of these species with eggplant and the lake of knowledge on genetic determinism of resistance in eggplant complex are brakes in the efficiency of genetic improvement this study had for objects to better understand the resistance determinism in this complex and to analyze the potential transfers of resistance to this disease by interspecific somatic fusion. The analysis of the resistance to r. Solanacearum within crossings realized between sensitive and resistant eggplant genotypes let suppose that the genetic determinism of the resistance to r. Solanacearum in eggplant would imply one or several qtl. The equivalent sequence to rrs1 found in eggplant could be one of the constituents of this determinism. Among the wild species, s. Torvum constitutes a genetic resource of interest to improve the resistance to bacterial wilt in eggplant and represents a model for study of the resistance genes to r. Solanacearum in this complex. The obtaining of hybrids between eggplant and s. Torvum as well as s. Sisymbriifolium shows that the asymmetric somatic hybridization is a efficient strategy to transfer resistances to diseases while maintaining the fertility of hybrids