Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Complexes polymère'
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Defendini, Francis. "Complexes polymère-acide à conduction ionique : synthèse et caractérisation." Grenoble INPG, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987INPG0112.
Full textTerrier, Péran. "Caractérisation de polymères et étude de complexes non covalents ADN-polymère par spectrométrie de masse." Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EVRY0042.
Full textThis PhD work is composed of two parts, dealing with the characterisation of polymers and the study of DNA-polymer non-covalent complexes using mass spectrometry. The polymers under study are presently tested as gene therapy vectors. The first part is dedicated to the analysis of poly(oxyethylene) and poly(oxypropylene) block copolymers. The determination of their global composition (number of repeat units) and the detection of by-products was achieved using MALDI-MS. The influence of experimental parameters was investigated. The characterisation of the polymer sequences (order of the repeat units within the chains) was achieved thanks to Electrospray-MS/MS. The second part deals with the study of non-covalent complexes involving DNA and cationic polymers (basic peptides, polyamines). We managed to obtain these complexes in the gas phase using Electrospray and MALDI ionizations. In both cases, the relevance of the detected ions in MS mode was discussed, and interactions involved in the complexes were probed by MS/MS mode
Saghbini, Samar. "Étude photophysique de la cinétique de formation de complexes." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPL032N.
Full textCaix, Chrystelle. "Propriétés électrochimiques des complexes du type ((eta5-Me5C5)M(L)Cl)+ (M=Ir(III), Rh(III)) en solution et immobilisés dans des films de polymère : application à l'électrocatalyse." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10154.
Full textKéroack, Daniel. "Étude de l'orientation et de la cristallisation dans les systèmes complexes de polymère." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0003/MQ40594.pdf.
Full textBellini, Clément. "Complexes de baryum et autres métaux divalents du bloc principal pour la catalyse homogène de couplages déshydrogénants." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1S057/document.
Full textIn the past two decades, heavier alkaline-earth (Ca, Sr, Ba) complexes have emerged as highly efficient and biocompatible precatalyst for hydroelementation or polymerisation reactions. This PhD thesis describes the synthesis and characterisation of heavier alkaline-earth complexes and their applications as precatalyst for cross-dehydrocoupling of hydrosilanes and amines. The homoleptic precatalyst Ba[CH(SiMe₃)₂]₂(THF)3 displayed high catalytic activity (TOF up to 3600 h⁻¹ ; TON up to 396), with excellent chemoselectivity in reaction of (di)amines with (di)hydrosilanes. Combination of experimental and DFT investigations (collaboration with Dr. Sven Tobisch) revealed the reactions proceed by nucleophilic attack of a metal amide at the incoming silane and subsequent turnover-limiting hydrogen transfer to the metal center. Development of synthesis of oligo- and polysilazanes was performed using our best barium precatalysts. Cyclic or linear polycarbosilazanes (Mw up to 10 000 g.mol⁻¹) were also produced by fast and controlled barium-catalyzed N-H/H-Si polycondensation. In a collaboration with Prof. Silvestru from Babeş-Bolyai University (Cluj-Napoca, Roumanie), synthesis of interesting zinc, cadmium, mercury and lead complexes were achieved in complement of this work
Guesmi, Ismaël. "Dépôt de couches minces de cuivre sur substrats polymères de forme complexes par pulvérisation cathodique magnétron avec ionisation de la vapeur." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00703850.
Full textAliprandi, Alessandro. "Platinum complexes and their luminescent assemblies." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAF041/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the synthesis and the photophysical characterization of a series of luminescent neutral Pt(II) compounds containing a tridentate dianionic N-donor chromophoric ligand and a monodentate ancillary moiety. The compounds exhibited notable change of the photoluminescence properties upon self-assembly due to the establishment of weak non-covalent intermolecular interactions – metal-metal and π-π. We demonstrated how Pt(II) complexes can be self-assembled in a controlled and precise manner by playing with kinetic and thermodynamic factors and the morphology of the different assemblies investigated. Such approaches led to materials with enhanced and unique properties such as mechanochromism and polarized light absorption and emission. The investigated compounds and their assemblies were useful for the development of novel functional supramolecular materials in and out of the equilibrium as well as for bioimaging application
Galant, Céline. "Nouveaux complexes polyélectrolytes impliquant un polymère de ß-cyclodextrine, un tensioactif cationique et un polyanion." Paris 12, 2003. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002111230204611&vid=upec.
Full textA new model of polyelectrolyte compiex has been elaborated, based on inclusion complexes between a neutral polyrner of β -CD and a cationic surfactant (DTAC). And complexes of opposite charges between DTAC and a polyanion. Inclusion interactions between poly(β-CD) and DTAC alone in solution have first been characterized with several techniques including conductimetric and fluorimetric measurements and surface tension measurements. Structure of the resulting aggregates has been studied by viscosimetry and SANS as a function of the ionic strength and stoechiometry of the mixture. Then, the addition of a polyanion to the poly(β-CD)/DTAC mixture has been shown to form water soluble ternary complexes. For three polyanions of different natures and architectures NaPSS, NaDxS and DNA), the structural properties of the complexes have been analyzed by SANS, viscosimetry and DLS as a function of the DTAC concentration. Stability and reversibility of the complexes have also been studied by varying the ionic strength of the medium and the concentration in competitors
Moine, Laurence. "Complexes d'inclusion entre un polyélectrolyte dégradable portant des groupes adamantane et un polymère de β-cyclodextrine." Paris 12, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA120031.
Full textLongevial, Jean-François. "Synthèse et propriétés de complexes d'Or(I) de carbènes N-hétérocycliques fusionnés à des porphyrines." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT205/document.
Full textThis PhD work is devoted to the synthesis of porphyrins fused to imidazolium rings and their use as precursors of N-heterocyclic carbene ligands (NHC). Therefore, these compounds possess two coordination sites, the internal (the macrocycle) and the external (the NHC ligand) ones, allowing the synthesis of dinuclear complexes. This study is mainly centered on the synthesis of metalloporphyrins conjugated with peripheral gold(I) complexes such as [(NHC)AuCl]. In view of applications in photodynamic therapy (PDT), the functionalization of these complexes by carbohydrates was achieved through the substitution of chloride ligands of peripheral gold(I) complexes. Biological tests on cell cultures show a clear potentialization of the photodynamic properties of the photosensitizers bearing mannose ligands bound to gold(I). Following this study, the synthesis of porphyrins fused to two imidazolium rings was achieved allowing for the first time the synthesis of trinuclear species such as Au/M/Au (M = inner metal in the porphyrin core) with different geometries. These compounds open interesting perspectives in view of obtaining photosensitizers having two carbohydrates at their periphery. Moreover, it was shown that trinuclear species such as Au/Zn/Au can be used as molecular building-blocks for the synthesis of organometallic polymers in view of applications in (photo)catalysis
Chatelier-Brunet, Christille le. "Synthèse et caractérisation de polymères amphiphiles très hydrophobes anioniques et application au contrôle de la rhéologie de fluides complexes." Paris 6, 2005. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001735.
Full textGle, David. "Synthèse de copolymères à architectures complexes à base de POE utilisés en tant qu'électrolytes polymères solides pour une application dans les batteries lithium métal-polymère." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4761/document.
Full textIn the context of sustainable development, electric vehicles appear to be a major solution for the future. Among the lastest technologies, the Lithium Metal Polymer battery has presented very interesting performances in terms of energy density. The main drawback of this system is the formation of lithium dendrites during the refill of the battery that could cause short circuits leading to the explosion of the battery. The aim of my PhD is to develop a Solid Polymer Electrolyte showing a high ionic conductivity (2.10-4 S.cm-1 at 40°C) and a high mechanical strength (30 MPa) to prevent dendritic growth. For that purpose, Nitroxide Mediated Polymerization is used to synthesize block copolymers with a PEO moiety for ionic conduction –CH2-CH2-O- and polystyrene for mechanical strength. Different kind of architectures have been synthesized : block copolymer with linear PEO moiety or with grafted PEO moiety
Farran, Rajaa. "Transfert d'électron photoinduit au sein d'assemblages hétérométalliques associant le [Ru(bpy)3]2+ à des complexes bisterpyridine du Fe(II), Co(III) et Cr(III)." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAS009/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the synthesis and characterization of inorganic triads for photoinduced charge separation. A range of photosensitizers will be studied, and the effect of the donor and acceptor will be assesed as well. These systems will be studied in solution and immobalized on surfaces. Cette thèse traite de la synthèse et la caractérisation des triades inorganiques pour la séparation de charge photoinduite. Une gamme de photosensibilisateurs seront étudiées, et l'effet du donneur et accepteur sera ainsi étudié. Ces systèmes seront étudiés en solution et immobalizes sur les surfaces
Houarner-Rassin, Coralie. "Synthèse de complexes de ruthénium polypyridiniques fonctionnalisés par un polymère conducteur : application à la conception de dispositifs photovoltaïques hybrides solides." Nantes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NANT2008.
Full textThe aim of this research project consists in the development of solid-state-dye-sensitized-solar-cells based on new organic materials consisting of a sensitizer directly wired to a conducting polymer. The first part of the manuscript was devoted to the preparation and the optimization of the photovoltaic device using N3 as sensitizer and poly(3-octylthiophene) as hole transporting material. The second part focuses on the synthesis, the characterization of new polypyridine ruthenium complexes and the measurement of their photovoltaic performances. The goal of this study was to design new sensitizers relying on a simple synthesis for their subsequent functionnalization by a polythiophene chain. The preparation and the grafting of the polymer on the ruthenium complex has been accomplished in the last part. This new approach proved to be valuable since the photovoltaic yield of the system with the grafted polymer is several folds superior to that of the unbounded sensitizer
Grosse, Stéphanie. "Trafic intracellulaire de complexes plasmide/ polymères cationiques glycosylés dans des cellules épithéliales des voies aériennes humaines : application à la thérapie génique de la mucoviscidose." Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA077087.
Full textFarenc, Mathilde. "Apports de la mobilité ionique couplée à la spectrométrie de masse pour l’analyse des matrices complexes." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR007/document.
Full textPetroleum is a highly complex mixture that needs to be refined in order to be commercialized. The petroleum fractions have various compositions from gasoline to petroleum coke. Naphtha distillation cut gives olefins by steam cracking which are polymerised using metallocene catalysts to produce polyolefins. This thesis work focused on the characterisation of vacuum gas oils, polyolefins and metallocene catalysts to better understand and optimized refining processes. A comparison of atmospheric pressure ionisation sources was realised for the characterisation of vacuum gas oils by ion mobility–mass spectrometry (IMMS). Electrospray (ESI+) source allows to selectively analyse the basic nitrogen containing species. The ASAP and APPI (atmospheric pressure photoionisation) sources allows to identify sulphur containing compounds like benzothiophenes. Based on the IMMS data, a new indicator based on the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of ion mobility peaks was developed to obtain isomeric information without any identification of the species. Polymers were also analysed using the ASAP source. In particular, polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE) were analysed by ASAP-IMMS and allow us to identify the oxidized species obtained by atmospheric pressure pyrolysis. The relative abundance of these species and their drift time were significantly different between the different samples and notably between isotactic PP and atactic PP. Finally, a new method based on the ASAP source was developed to analyse air sensitive compounds like metallocene used for polyolefin polymerisation
Mesfar, Khalid. "Elaboration et caractérisation électrochimique de complexes de métaux de transition immobilisés sur un support organique (polymère) ou un support minéral (zéolithe)." Tours, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOUR4002.
Full textLombard, Jean. "Complexes superstructurés mixtes Ru/Fe et Ru/Co à ligands polypyridinyles multitopiques : synthèses , caractérisations, propriétés rédox et photorédox." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00194974.
Full textA l'aide de ligands bis-bipyridine, une série de complexes tétranucléaires formés d'une unité centrale FeII-tris-bipyridine reliée à trois unités RuII-tris-bipyridine par une chaîne alkyle de longueur variable, a été obtenue. L'examen de leurs propriétés photophysiques met en évidence un transfert d'énergie partiel, intramoléculaire, de l'état excité des unités, RuII*, vers l'unité centrale FeII. Ce transfert d'énergie est court-circuité en présence d'un accepteur d'électron irréversible externe par un processus de transfert d'électron, qui conduit à la formation d'espèces RuIII capables d'oxyder la sous-unité FeII. En utilisant un ligand hétéroditopique de type bipyridine–terpyridine, de nouveaux complexes trinucléaires comportant une unité centrale FeII ou CoII bis-terpyridine reliée à deux unités RuII-tris-bipyridine ont également été synthétisés. L'utilisation de ce type de ligand confère à ces complexes une structure plus linéaire. Dans le cas du complexe de FeII, le transfert d'énergie purement intramoléculaire peut également être court-circuité par un transfert d'électron en présence d'un accepteur irréversible conduisant à l'oxydation quantitative de la sous-unité FeII. Dans le cas du complexe de cobalt, le cycle photocatalytique envisagé implique la photogénération de l'espèce RuIII via un transfert d'électron entre RuII* et l'unité CoIII (préalablement générée par voie électrochimique) qui joue le rôle d'accepteur d'électron. Toutefois cette réaction catalytique est relativement lente car le donneur d'électron utilisé pour régénérer le RuII ne possède par une irréversibilité suffisante pour concurrencer la réaction retour, c'est-à-dire la réoxydation de CoII par RuIII.
Enfin, l'étude de polymères de coordination électro-et photo-activables de RuII et FeII a été abordée. Ce type de polymères dérive des complexes trinucléaires de RuII et de FeII. Ils sont obtenus sous forme soluble grâce à l'utilisation de ligands hétéroditopique de type bipyridine-bis-terpyridine, dont la partie bipyridine est complexée par le RuII, tandis que l'ajout de Fe2+ permet la formation du polymère par auto-assemblage. Comme pour les complexes de FeII et de RuII de dimensions finies, l'oxydation photoinduite de l'unité FeII est possible bien que son efficacité dépende de la nature du pont entre la bipyridine et les terpyridines. De plus, ces polymères ont pu être adsorbés sous forme de films minces électroactifs à la surface d'une électrode (élaboration d'électrodes modifiées) par une technique simple d'électrodéposition.
Le, Moullec Sophie. "Développement de polymères à empreintes moléculaires pour l'extraction sélective de produits de dégradation de neurotoxiques organophosphorés de matrices complexes." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066462.
Full textHaddad, Azeddine. "Thermodynamique de la relaxation appliquée à la modélisation du comportement des polymères sous chargements complexes : viscoélasticité en régime dynamique fluage thermostimulé/courants thermostimulés et relaxation diélectrique." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPL125N.
Full textRuchmann, Juliette. "Photo-renaturation de protéines par des macromolécules chaperonnes." Phd thesis, Paris 6, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00464683.
Full textCloarec, Olivier. "Développement du couplage ELS/UV pour la détermination de composés spécifiques dans des matrices complexes." Aix-Marseille 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX11014.
Full textBillon, Martial. "Préparation et études d'électrodes modifiées par un film polymère conducteur électronique fonctionnalisé par des complexes de métaux de transition à ligands encastrés." Grenoble 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE10207.
Full textDelaunay-Bertoncini, Nathalie. "Developpement d'immunoadsorbants à base d'anticorps monoclonaux pour l'extraction selective de familles de micropolluants organiques contenus dans des matrices complexes : comparaison avec des polymères à empreinte moléculaire." Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066507.
Full textGarg, Himani. "Particle laden inhomogeneous elastic turbulence." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1I003/document.
Full textLaboratory experiments show that, even in very dilute solutions, the interaction of polymers with fluid flows can dramatically change the properties of turbulent flows or, if the flow is laminar, can trigger a new sort of irregular motion named “elastic turbulence”. Flows in such a dynamical regime are promising for enhancing mixing efficiency in microfluidic applications, which often involve the presence of suspended finite-size impurities, like small and heavy solid particles. The understanding of particle dispersion in high-Reynolds number flows of Newtonian, as well as non-Newtonian, fluids were addressed by previous investigations, and it is a subject of interest both at a fundamental level and for applications, e.g., environmental or industrial ones. However, the dynamics of particles in elastic turbulent flows are still quite unexplored.The present study aims at investigating the aggregation properties of pointlike material particles (heavier than the carrying fluid) in viscoelastic fluids in elastic turbulence conditions (i.e. in the limit of vanishing fluid inertia and large elasticity). We carry out extensive direct numerical simulations of the periodic Kolmogorov mean shear flow of two-dimensional dilute polymer solutions described by the Oldroyd-B model. Both the small- and large-scale features of the resulting inhomogeneous particle distribution are examined, focusing on their connection with the underlying flow structure. Our analysis reveals that particles are preferentially clustered in regions of instantaneously maximally stretched polymers. The intensity of such a phenomenon depends on the interplay, parametrized by the Stokes number, between the particle inertia and the typical time scale associated with the elastic turbulence flow, and is the largest for intermediate values of particle inertia.In particular, it is shown that the preferential concentration of inertial particle suspensions in such turbulent-like flows follow from the dissipative nature of their dynamics. We provide a quantitative characterization of this phenomenon (using correlation and Kaplan-Yorke dimension) that allows to relate it to the accumulation of particles in filamentary highly strained flow regions producing clusters of fractal dimension slightly above 1.At larger scales, particles are found to undergo turbophoretic-like segregation along the non-homogeneity direction of the flow. Indeed, our results indicate that the particle distribution is strongly related to the mean turbulent-like structures of the flow. As an effect of turbophoresis, average density profiles peak in the regions of lowest turbulent eddy diffusivity. The large-scale inhomogeneity of the particle distribution is interpreted in the framework of a model derived in the limit of small, but finite, particle inertia. The qualitative characteristics of different observables (such as root-mean-square deviation of the particle distribution, relative to the uniform one) are, to a good extent, independent of the flow elasticity. When increased, the latter is found, however, to slightly reduce the globally averaged degree of turbophoretic unmixing
Sudre, Guillaume. "Adhésion stimulable d'hydrogels." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00578517.
Full textMarzak, Saïd. "Complexes du cuivre (i) construits sur le fragment (ms::(4))**(2-) (m=mo,w) : role du ligand thiocyanate dans l'edification de composes heterometalliques a structure infinie." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066401.
Full textTill, Ugo Valentin. "Oncopol - Vers le développement critique de vecteurs polymères pour l'oncologie." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016INPT0065/document.
Full textThe objective of this study was to critically analyze different polymer self-assemblies used for photodynamic therapy (PDT) and to link this analysis to their therapeutic efficiency. To do that, a thorough characterization of the vectors has been performed by classical techniques such as Dynamic Light Scattering or electron Microscopy, but also using flow fractionation, which has been seldomly used so far for polymeric self-assemblies. In a second step, these have been used as vectors of a photosensitizer, namely Phéophorbide a, and the therapeutic efficiency assessed on both 2D and 3D cell cultures of HCT 116 (colon cancer) and FaDu (head and neck cancer) cells. Different simple polymer vectors have first been evaluated, namely micelles and polymersomes based on diblock amphiphilic copolymers such as poly(ethylene-oxide-b--caprolactone), poly(ethylene-oxide-b-lactide) or poly(ethylene-oxide-b-styrene). This enabled obtaining vectors exhibiting various sizes and morphologies. Results in PDT showed different behaviours and a better efficiency in 3D for PEO-PDLLA. The Asymmetric Flow Field Flow Fractionation was particularly used for these systems to demonstrate their purity. The acquired expertise on this part enabled us to also characterize vectors made of known mixtures of micelles and polymersomes. These revealed antagonism and synergy effects in PDT, demonstrating the presence of complex processes for the cell response. Other self-assemblies consisting of crosslinked systems have also been developed and characterized. These were observed to be particularly efficient for PDT on 3D cell cultures. The comparison of these results with those for the 2D cell culture enabled to highlight the difference between those two biological systems. Finally, self-assemblies based on Polyion Complexes were also formed and characterized. Field Flow Fractionation was once again used as a powerful technique for this, although this implied the use of a special injection device called Frit Inlet. Their PDT efficiency however proved to be low
Dordor, Aurélien. "Etude du mécanisme de polymérisation des protéines du complexe ESCRT-III." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENV047/document.
Full textThe ESCRT machinery (Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport) is involved in several fundamental cellular processes requiring a membrane remodeling activity such as separation of daughter cells during cytokinesis or cargo protein sorting to the lysosome. This machinery is also hijacked by many enveloped viruses such as HIV to terminate budding.The ESCRT-III complex (composed of CHMP proteins) catalyzes the membrane severing reaction by forming polymers at the membrane neck. In order to understand how those polymers are formed, the cryo-electron microscopy structure of CHMP2A/CHMP3 heteropolymers has been solved at a resolution of 22.4 Å. Details regarding the interaction mechanism between CHMP2A, CHMP3 and CHMP4B have also been obtained, notably by means of the SPR technique.Finally, to visualize ESCRT-III polymers in cells, several methods including Phage Display have been employed to get a polymer-specific antibody. This work enabled to obtain an anti-CHMP4B antibody.Overall, the results presented in this manuscript are in good agreement with the existing literature and allow to generate a polymerization model of the ESCRT-III complex
Daire, Fabrice. "Etude d'electrodes modifiees par fixation de composes de coordination sur un support conducteur du type polypyrrole : application en electrosynthese organique." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066176.
Full textJouaiti, Abdelaziz. "Activation electrochimique de petites molecules par des composes bi-metalliques et elaboration de films polymeres conducteurs." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989STR13036.
Full textTang, Zhexiong. "Inter-polymer complexes of conducting polymers : synthesis, characterization and applications /." View online ; access limited to URI, 2005. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.helin.uri.edu/dissertations/dlnow/3186923.
Full textRiegel, Nadège. "Synthèse de complexes de métaux de transition à partir des phosphines borane : application en catalyse homogène supportée sur polypyrrole." Cergy-Pontoise, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997CERG0023.
Full textCosta, Maryline. "Synthèse de supports polymères et greffage de ferrocène pour une application en tant que batteries moléculaires." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14230/document.
Full textEnergy storage system have been developed by grafting ferrocene (Fc) moieties on branched or hyperbranched polystyrene (PS) and polyethyleneoxide (PEO), and on semi-conducting poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) particles. Huisgen cycloaddition has been used to graft Fc at the periphery of PS stars, leading to PS-Fc. Synthesis of PEO-Fc and PEDOT-Fc has been done by esterification reaction. A possible interaction in between azido moieties and the catalytic system used for controlled radical polymerization of styrene has been evidenced in this study. Performances as molecular batteries of PS-Fc, PEO-Fc and PEDOT-Fc have been assessed by cyclic voltammetry. Fc moieties can be reversibly oxidized and reduced on PS-Fc and POE-Fc. For high ferrocene content, cyclic voltammetry showed the occurence of charge transfer between ferrocenyl groups and oxidized PEDOT core
Ingremeau, François. "Solutions de polymères sous écoulement : liens entre propriétés microscopiques et manifestations macroscopiques." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00912345.
Full textZabidi, Muhammad Azrul Bin. "Branched polymers and self-assembled polymer complexes for use as artificial blood." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/9640/.
Full textFerrand, Jérémy. "Écoulements et écrasements de fluides : effet du mouillage et de la rhéologie." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEN048/document.
Full textThe draining of a tank through an orifice was described by Torricelli almost 400 years ago. His model does not provide for any wetting effect of the flowing fluid on the drilled plate. This thesis shows experimentally that the effect of wetting on the flow rate is important for Newtonian fluids with low viscosity in the case of an orifice the size of which is comparable to the capillary length. A model calculating the kinetic energy variation within the meniscus at the outlet of the hole allows us to account for experimental observations. Unknown jet instability also appears at the outlet of the hole; this is the oscillation of the meniscus triple line that is causing it. The relations of dispersion of the excitation frequency as well as that of the secondary frequencies appearing along the jet have been established.This investigation was supplemented by flows of both viscous and viscoelastic fluids. For viscous fluids, the perfect fluid model is corrected based on our experiments. For viscoelastic fluids, experiments show that there is competition between viscous dissipations and elastic effects throughout the flow. The prediction of both effects is challenging. We show situations where elastic effects dominate, allowing a polymer solution to flow faster than water.Finally, a second experimental set-up was build for compressing complex fluids between two parallel glass plates. Visualization, both position and normal force measurements, allow a better understanding of the behavior under normal stress of systems such as foams, emulsions, gels
Gaillard, Antoine. "Flow and stability of a viscoelastic liquid curtain." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC011/document.
Full textThe flow and the stability of viscoelastic liquid curtains are investigated using solutions of flexible and semi-rigid polymer chains. These viscoelastic liquids are extruded from a slot at constant flow rate and fall in ambient air under gravity. We show that the curtain flow of polymer solutions is characterized by an initial balance between gravity and the elastic stresses arising from the stretching of polymer molecules, until inertia finally dominates and the classical free-fall behavior is recovered. We show that the flow is mostly influenced by the value of the extensional relaxation time of the solution measured by a filament thinning technique. New insights on the theoretical description of Newtonian curtains allow us to find the master curve of the viscoelastic curtain flow by analogy. Concerning the curtain stability, we show that the critical flow rate for curtain formation is not affected by the presence of polymers whereas the minimum flow rate below which the curtain rapidly breaks is reduced by polymer addition, thus revealing a greater resistance of the sheet to hole initiations. Furthermore, we observe the onset of a flow instability for the most shear-thinning solutions, where thick bands (where the liquid velocity is larger than average) are formed within the curtain. Visualizations of the flow inside the die reveal that this phenomenon is linked to a flow instability at the contraction plane upstream of the slot where the flow is unsteady and three-dimensional in nature
Dopierala, Levi. "Synthesis and Characterization of some Thallium Salt Complexes." TopSCHOLAR®, 2014. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1347.
Full textScott, Joseph Brian. "Synthesis and Characterization of Some Rhenium Complexes." TopSCHOLAR®, 2009. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/114.
Full textWang, Xiaorong. "Polymères push-pull sur la base de platine ( II ) complexes ou porphyrinzinc ( II ) et des dérivés quinoniques : synthèse et étude photophysique." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/7698.
Full textAbstract : In recent decades, the design of new « push-pull » polymers has been the subject of intense research for photovoltaic cell applications. This thesis deals with two main subjects, one is the synthesis and characterization of organometallic trans-bis(ethynyl)bis(tributylphosphine)platinum(II), ([Pt]) and quinone or anthraquinone derivatives-based polymers. Some model compounds have been produced as well for comparison purposes. Another issue is the synthesis and characterization of polymers built upon zinc(II)porphyrin units and the same quinone and anthraquinone derivatives respectively acting as donor and acceptor of electronic density. Such «push-pull» polymers are used to be investigated because of their so-called charge transfer absorption bands in the red part of the solar spectrum. This phenomenon is due to the electronic communication over the whole chain. This new band allows the material to collect more photons. The whole work is divided into four chapters.
Prévoteau, Antonin. "Électrodes enzymatiques à base d’hydrogels rédox en vue de l’oxydation du glucose : effet de la déglycosylation de la glucose oxydase et mise en évidence d’une réduction parasite de l’oxygène sur le médiateur rédox." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14102/document.
Full textThe possibility of converting the catalytic activity of oxidoreductase enzymes into electric current has led to the development of a high diversity of enzyme electrodes. Anodes catalysing glucose oxidation have been amongst the most studied, especially for their application in monitoring blood glucose or glucose/O2 biofuel cells. Although one of the numerous strategies available, the use of osmium-based hydrogels as redox mediators, has given excellent results, some limitations still remain such as rather low current densities, stability or selectivity Initially, the study focused on the deglycosylation of glucose oxidase (GOx). When most of the oligosaccharides around this glycoenzyme were removed, the ensuing increase in the electrode catalytic current seemed a priori to support the hypothesis of a decrease in the electron hopping distance between the enzyme redox centres and the redox mediator. However, a systematic study of electrode response for different compositions leads us to conclude that deglycosylation does not improve the intrinsic electron transfer but the whole hydrogel structure. This seems due to the smaller size and higher surface charge of the deglycosylated GOx inducing smaller hydrogel volumes than in the native-based GOx. The study then proceeded to examine the oxygen side reduction of commonly used osmium-based redox polymers. The interference of O2 on glucose oxidation current has generally been attributed to O2 reactivity with GOx. The present study shows that O2 reduction also occurs on osmium-based polymers if their formal potential E°’ is below + 0.07 V vs. Ag/AgCl. The kinetics of this reaction appears to increase exponentially when E°’ decreases. As well as reducing the oxidation current and, consequently, lowering anode performances, the generation of hydrogen peroxide could also modify electrode stability. These results suggest that the choice of redox mediator for a given E°'must also take into account the extent of O2 reduction
Enee, Véronique. "Synthèse d'oligo(3-octylthiophènes) régioréguliers : briques moléculaires pour l'élaboration de polymères conjugués incluant des complexes de métaux de transition." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10012.
Full textFaulmann, Christophe. "Conducteurs derives de metaux de transition : complexes moleculaires, polymeres, oxydes de cuivre." Toulouse 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU30160.
Full textBoroudjerdi, Hoda. "Charged polymer-macroion complexes." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2005. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2006/628/.
Full textIn the first part, a global analysis of the structural phase behavior of a single polyelectrolyte-macroion complex is presented based on a dimensionless representation, yielding results that cover a wide range of realistic system parameters. Emphasize is made on the interplay between the effects due to the polyelectrolytes chain length, salt concentration and the macroion charge as well as the mechanical chain persistence length. The results are summarized into generic phase diagrams characterizing the wrapping-dewrapping behavior of a polyelectrolyte chain on a macroion. A fully wrapped chain state is typically obtained at intermediate salt concentrations and chain lengths, where the amount of polyelectrolyte charge adsorbed on the macroion typically exceeds the bare macroion charge leading thus to a highly overcharged complex.
Perhaps the most striking features occur when a single long polyelectrolyte chain is complexed with many oppositely charged spheres. In biology, such complexes form between DNA (which carries the cell's genetic information) and small oppositely charged histone proteins serving as an efficient mechanism for packing a huge amount of DNA into the micron-size cell nucleus in eucaryotic cells. The resultant complex fiber, known as the chromatin fiber, appears with a diameter of 30~nm under physiological conditions. Recent experiments indicate a zig-zag spatial arrangement for individual DNA-histone complexes (nucleosome core particles) along the chromatin fiber. A numerical method is introduced in this thesis based on a simple generic chain-sphere cell model that enables one to investigate the mechanism of fiber formation on a systematic level by incorporating electrostatic and elastic contributions. As will be shown, stable complex fibers exhibit an impressive variety of structures including zig-zag, solenoidal and beads-on-a-string patterns, depending on system parameters such as salt concentration, sphere charge as well as the chain contour length (per sphere). The present results predict fibers of compact zig-zag structure within the physiologically relevant regime with a diameter of about 30~nm, when DNA-histone parameters are adopted.
In the next part, a numerical method is developed in order to investigate the role of thermal fluctuations on the structure and thermodynamic phase behavior of polyelectrolyte-macroion complexes. This is based on a saddle-point approximation, which allows to describe the experimentally observed reaction (or complexation) equilibrium in a dilute solution of polyelectrolytes and macroions on a systematic level. This equilibrium is determined by the entropy loss a single polyelectrolyte chain suffers as it binds to an oppositely charged macroion. This latter quantity can be calculated from the spectrum of polyelectrolyte fluctuations around a macroion, which is determined by means of a normal-mode analysis. Thereby, a stability phase diagram is obtained, which exhibits qualitative agreement with experimental findings.
At elevated complex concentrations, one needs to account for the inter-complex interactions as well. It will be shown that at small separations, complexes undergo structural changes in such a way that positive patches from one complex match up with negative patches on the other. Furthermore, one of the polyelectrolyte chains may bridge between the two complexes. These mechanisms lead to a strong inter-complex attraction. As a result, the second virial coefficient associated with the inter-complex interaction becomes negative at intermediate salt concentrations in qualitative agreement with recent experiments on solutions of nucleosome core particles.
In dieser Arbeit werden Gleichgewichtsstrukturen und die thermodynamischen Phasen von Komplexen aus geladenen Polymeren (Polyelektrolyten) und entgegengesetzt geladenen Kugeln (Makroionen) untersucht. Polyelektrolyt-Makroion-Komplexe bilden ein grundlegendes und wiederkehrendes Prinzip in der Physik weicher Materie sowie in Chemie und Biologie. In zahlreichen technologischen Prozessen finden sich ebenfalls Anwendungsbeispiele für derartige Komplexe. Zusätzlich zu ihrem häufigen Auftreten sind sie aufgrund ihrer Vielfalt von strukturellen Eigenschaften von grundlegendem Interesse. Diese Vielfalt wird durch ein Zusammenspiel von elektrostatischen Wechselwirkungen sowie elastischen und entropischen Effekten aufgrund von Konformationsänderungen in der Polymerkette bedingt und bildet das zentrale Thema der theoretischen Studien, die mit dieser Arbeit vorgelegt werden. Verschiedene Strukturen und Prozesse, die stark gekoppelte Komplexe beinhalten - das sind solche, für die eine hohe Adsorptionsenergie und geringe Fluktuationen in den Polymerketten charakteristisch sind -, bilden das Hauptthema der Arbeit.
Basierend auf einer dimensionslosen Darstellung wird im ersten Teil der Arbeit in einer umfassenden Analyse das strukturelle Phasenverhalten einzelner Polyelektrolyt-Makroion-Komplexe behandelt. Der Schwerpunkt wird hier auf das Wechselspiel zwischen Effekten aufgrund der Polyelektrolytkettenlänge, ihrer mechanischen Persistenzlänge, der Salzkonzentration und der Ladung des Makroions gelegt. Die Ergebnisse werden in allgemeinen Phasendiagrammen zusammengestellt, das das Aufwickeln-Abwickeln-Verhalten der Polyelektrolytkette auf einem Makroion beschreibt. Ein Zustand mit komplett aufgewickelter Kette tritt typischerweise bei mittleren Salzkonzentrationen und Kettenlängen auf; häufig ist hier die auf dem Makroion adsorbierte Gesamtladung des Polyelektrolyts größ er als die Ladung des nackten Makroions, d.h. es findet in hohem Grad Ladungsinversion statt.
Äußerst bemerkenswerte Eigenschaften treten auf, wenn eine einzelne lange Polyelektrolytkette viele, ihr entgegengesetzt geladene Kugeln komplexiert. In biologischen Systemen findet man solche Komplexe zwischen DNS, die die genetische Information einer Zelle trägt, und kleinen, entgegengesetzt geladenen Histonproteinen. Diese Komplexe dienen als effizienter Mechanismus, die groß e Menge an DNS im Mikrometer-groß en Zellkern eukaryotischer Zellen zu komprimieren. Die dadurch erhaltene komplexe Faser, eine Chromatinfaser, hat unter physiologischen Bedingungen einen Durchmesser von nur etwa 30~nm. Neue Experimente haben gezeigt, dass eine räumliche Zickzack-Anordnung einzelner DNA-Histon-Komplexe entlang der Chromatinfaser vorliegt. In der hier vorgelegten Arbeit wird eine numerische Methode vorgestellt, die auf einem einfachen Ketten-Kugel-Zell-Modell basiert und die die systematische Untersuchung des Mechnismus zur Faserbildung ermöglicht, wobei sowohl elektrostatische als auch elastische Wechselwirkungen berücksichtigt werden. Es wird gezeigt, dass stabile Komplexfasern in Abhängigkeit von der Salzkonzentration, der Kugelladung und der Kettenkonturlänge eine Vielfalt von Strukturen aufweisen, darunter Zickzack-, Solenoid- und Perlenkettenformen. Für physiologisch relevante Bedingungen werden mit dieser Methode für DNA-Histon-Komplexe Fasern kompakter Zickzack-Struktur mit einem Durchmesser von etwa 30~nm erhalten.
Im folgenden Teil wird eine numerische Methode entwickelt, um den Einfluss thermischer Fluktuationen auf Struktur und thermodynamisches Phasenverhalten der Polyelektrolyt-Makroion-Komplexe zu untersuchen. Basierend auf der Sattelpunktsnäherung werden die experimentell beobachteten Reaktionsgleichgewichte in verdünnten Lösungen von Polyelektrolyten und Makroionen systematisch beschrieben. Das Gleichgewicht ist durch einen Verlust an Entropie für die einzelne Polyelektrolytkette durch die Bindung an das entgegengesetzt geladene Makroion gekennzeichnet. Diese Größ e wurde aus dem Spektrum der Polyelektrolytfluktuationen um das Makroion erhalten und mittels einer Analyse der Normalmoden berechnet. Hierüber wird ein Phasendiagramm zur Stabilität der Komplexe erhalten, das qualitativ gute Übereinstimmungen mit experimentellen Ergebnissen aufweist.
Bei höheren Komplexkonzentrationen müssen auch die Wechselwirkungen zwischen den Komplexen berücksichtigt werden. Es wird gezeigt, dass sich die Struktur der Komplexe bei kleinen Abständen so ändert, dass positiv geladene Bereiche eines Komplexes mit negativ geladenen auf einem Nachbarkomplex räumlich korrelieren. Weiterhin können einzelne Polyelektrolytketten als verbrückendes Element zwischen zwei Komplexen dienen. Dieser Mechanismus führt zu starker effektiver Anziehung zwischen den Komplexen. In Übereinstimmung mit kürzlich durchgeführten Experimenten ist als Folge davon der zweite Virialkoeffizient der Wechselwirkung zwischen Komplexen bei mittleren Salzkonzentrationen negativ.
Boroudjerdi, H. "Charged polymer-macroion complexes." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=978443829.
Full textEsselin, Nicolas. "Synthèse de polymères biomimétiques de la gélatine dans le procédé d’encapsulation par coacervation complexe." Thesis, Le Mans, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LEMA1002.
Full textThe work realized during the last three years CIFRE PhD program consist in a collaborative research between a polymer team of the University of LE MANS and ASHLAND company which the first goal is the synthesis of polymers.The aim of this thesis is the synthesis of biomimetic polymers of the gelatin which were further engaged in the process of encapsulation by complex coacervation.Micro-encapsulation is an effective method of wrapping small individual particles or droplets in polymers protective coating widely used in the fields of food, pharmaceutics, cosmetics, pesticides, biotechnologies. The encapsulation phenomenon target is to protect functional materials and control its release. Among many existing processes, we particularly focused our attention on complex coacervation to produce microcapsules. Complex coacervation is a methodology based on the complexation between two oppositely charged polymers as polyelectrolyte. Thus, this technique requires one anionic and one cationic polymer which are capable to interact together (through electrostatic attractions, hydrogen bond) to form coacervats. One of the most used systems for complex coacervation is the gelatin / acacia gum system. These two natural polymers are widely used as wall material for the capsules due to their abundance and biodegradability. However, gelatin polymer needs to be replaced in the encapsulation process due to its animal origin. In order to substitute gelatin by synthetic polymers in the complex coacervation process, we synthesized several polymers from various monomers authorizing coacervation and further crosslinking. Firstly, we stetted up an approach allowing the evaluation of the optimal conditions of coacervation (pH, ratio, ionic strength) by zetâ potential, and infra-red analysis.Furthermore, encapsulation tests with several anionic polymers were performed which tended to confirm that the methodology was appropriate. Moreover, a test of crosslinking was successfully realized using crosslinkers in order to rigidify coacervats walls. Finally, break strength analysis and the stability in surfactants were conducted to validate the process for cosmetic applications
Tingry, Sophie. "Synthèse et application en hydrogénation électrocatalytique de films de polypyrrole fonctionnalisés par des complexes du rhodium et de l'iridium." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10137.
Full textRoma-Luciow, Rodolphe. "Complexes polymères-métaux, précurseurs des matériaux céramiques." Lille 1, 1999. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1999/50376-1999-93.pdf.
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