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Journal articles on the topic 'Complexometric titration'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 5 May 2022

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1

FERNANDEZ-MAESTRE, Roberto. "THE IMPORTANCE OF TEACHING TITRATION CURVES IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY." Periódico Tchê Química 17, no. 34 (March 20, 2020): 213–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v17.n34.2020.230_p34_pgs_213_219.pdf.

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Titration curves are an essential subject of an Analytical Chemistry course. The main objective of calculating titration curves is the selection of an indicator for such titrations. The calculation of titration errors is imperative because they establish if a given indicator can be used for a given titration. This study reviews the available literature on titration curves and calculating their errors. Its purpose is to draw attention to the importance of undergraduate chemistry students having competencies to determine the titration errors rather than skills to build titration curves as the ultimate purpose of these curves is to determine the failure committed when using a given indicator to assess their endpoints. It is shown that the pH and potential calculation at the equivalence point in acid-base and redox titrations, respectively, are not required to choose the titration indicator, one that yields an acceptable error according to the type of application needed. Methods to calculate these errors in the four main types of titrations are presented; those for complexometric and precipitation titrations are simpler than in the literature. Here, it is also demonstrated that calculating points immediately after and before the curve inflection are more critical for this selection in these two types of titrations. Also, it is deducted that complexometric and precipitation curves are not required to select indicators for these titrations. These demonstrations are essential because analytical chemistry teachers may disregard teaching important topics by spending time calculating unnecessary titration curves (complexometric and precipitation titrations) or additional points of titration curves (redox and acid-base titrations) when the calculation of titration errors of these reactions is more critical. Most analytical chemistry textbooks neglect this topic. Undergraduate chemistry programs should focus more on calculating titration errors than on the construction of titration curves.

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2

Rajkovic, Milos. "Complexometric determination, Part II: Complexometric determination of Cu2+-ions." Chemical Industry 56, no. 10 (2002): 429–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind0210429r.

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A copper-selective electrode of the coated wire type based on sulphidized copper wire was applied successfully for determining Cu(II) ions by complexometric titration with the disodium salt of EDTA (complexon III). By the formation of internal complex compounds with the Cu(II) ion, the copper concentration in the solution decreases, and all this is followed by a change of potential of the indicator system Cu-DWISE (or Cu-EDWISE)/SCE. At the terminal point of titration, when all the Cu(II) ions are already utilized for the formation of the complex with EDTA, there occurs a steep rise of potential, thus enabling us, through the first or second derivative to note the quantity of copper that is present in the solution. Copper-selective electrode showed a responsivity towards titration with EDTA as a complexing agent, with the absence of "fatigue" due to a great number of repeated measurings. Errors occurring during quantitative measurements were more a characteristic of the overall procedure which involve, because of the impossibility of the complete absence of subjectivity, a constant error, and the reproducibility of the results confirmed this fact. The disodium salt of EDTA appeared as a very efficient titrant in all titrations and with various concentrations ot Cu(II) ions in the solution, with somewhat weaker response at lower concentrations in the solution.

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3

Cassedanne, Jeanníne Odette, and Hamílcar Freire de Carvalho. "Dosagem de chumbo em pequenas quantidades nos minerais." Anuário do Instituto de Geociências 14 (December 1, 1991): 41–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.11137/1991_0_41-43.

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This study describes a lead volumetric titration in minerals. Complexometric accumulation titrations are used and a previous lead separation as chloride is necessary. In the range of 10 to 50 mg of metal, a precision of 0,5 to 0,04% is reached, with a good reproductibility.

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4

Guinon, Jose L. "Graphical evaluation of complexometric titration curves." Talanta 32, no. 4 (April 1985): 265–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0039-9140(85)80078-3.

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5

Simiyon, G. Gnanamani, and Ansha Elizabeth Mammen. "A Green Approach for Complexometric Titration*." Resonance 27, no. 4 (April 2022): 681–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12045-022-1358-6.

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6

Pereira, Claudia Mara, Cristhiane Anete Neiverth, Shizuo Maeda, Marcela Guiotoku, and Luziane Franciscon. "Complexometric titration with potenciometric indicator to determination of calcium and magnesium in soil extracts¹." Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 35, no. 4 (August 2011): 1331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832011000400027.

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This study proposes a method of direct and simultaneous determination of the amount of Ca2+ and Mg2+ present in soil extracts using a Calcium Ion-Selective Electrode and by Complexometric Titration (ISE-CT). The results were compared to those obtained by conventional analytical techniques of Complexometric Titration (CT) and Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS). There were no significant differences in the determination of Ca2+ and Mg2+ in comparison with CT and FAAS, at a 95 % confidence level. Additionally, results of this method were more precise and accurate than of the Interlaboratorial Control (IC).

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7

Vasilyeva, Marina S., Vladimir S. Rudnev, E. S. Zykova, Alexander Yu Ustinov, Ksenia A. Sergeeva, A. V. Nepomnyaschiy, I. V. Lukiyanchuk, and Galina I. Marinina. "Ti/TiO₂, Au Electrodes Prepared by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation and Electron Beam Evaporation." Defect and Diffusion Forum 386 (September 2018): 326–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.386.326.

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Ti/TiO2,Au electrodes were prepared via plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) of Ti plate, followed by deposition of a thin (10 nm) Au layer by electron beam evaporation (EBE). The electrodes obtained were used for potentiometric indication of different types of chemical reactions. Ti/TiO2,Au electrodes showed an excellent performance for end point indication in the oxidation-reduction and complexometric titrations similar to the traditional Pt and in the acid-base titration similar to glass electrode.

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8

Wolfbeis, O. "Fibre-optic titrations-IV Direct complexometric titration of aluminium(III) with DCTA." Talanta 33, no. 11 (November 1986): 867–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0039-9140(86)80214-4.

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9

Tianlin, Wang, Liu Fengling, and Feng Liming. "Theoretical analysis of one-one complexometric titration curves." Journal of Chemical Education 70, no. 10 (October 1993): 796. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed070p796.

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10

Zhai, Jingying, Xiaojiang Xie, and Eric Bakker. "Ionophore-based ion-exchange emulsions as novel class of complexometric titration reagents." Chem. Commun. 50, no. 84 (2014): 12659–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cc05754f.

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11

FERNANDEZ-MAESTRE, Roberto, and Alonso J. MARRUGO-GONZÁLEZ. "5-ACETYL-8-HYDROXYQUINOLINE AND 5-FORMYL-8- HYDROXYQUINOLINE: CHELATING AGENTS FOR COMPLEXOMETRIC TITRATIONS." Periódico Tchê Química 16, no. 31 (January 20, 2019): 765–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v16.n31.2019.776_periodico31_pgs_765_777.pdf.

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Metal–organic ligand complexes are essential to many technological developments from protein supramolecular assemblies to solvent extraction, complexometric titrations, and environmental remediation. We studied the chelating and acid-base properties in ethanol of two derivatives of 8-hydroxyquinoline (Q), 5-acetyl-8-hydroxyquinoline (A) and 5-formyl-8-hydroxyquinoline (F), of which applications as chelators are unknown. The ligands acidity followed the order F (pKa1 2.9; pKa2 9.5)> A (pKa1 4.8; pKa2 9.6)> Q (pKa1 5.3; pKa2 10.0) due to inductive effects of electronegative groups, formyl in F and acetyl in A. The higher acidity of F with respect to A was due to the higher electronegativity of the formyl group in F. This acidity order was reflected in larger formation constants of F-metal complexes with pKf values of 32 (Fe3+), 27.1 (Cu2+), 26.2 (Cu2+), and 24.9 (Pb2+), than with A, with pKf values of 31, 22.5, 21.4 and 21.2 with these metals, or the pKf values in the literature for Q. In summary, A and F resulted excellent chelators for metals in complexometric titrations with large formation constants; these large formation constants recommend the application of these compounds in masking, preconcentration, and titration of metals by complexation and oxidation-reduction reactions.

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12

Novick, S. G. "Complexometric Titration of Zinc: An Analytical Chemistry Laboratory Experiment." Journal of Chemical Education 74, no. 12 (December 1997): 1463. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed074p1463.

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13

Yi, Chen, Dongjie Huang, and Miklós Gratzl. "Complexometric Determination of Metal Ions by Microscopic Diffusional Titration." Analytical Chemistry 68, no. 9 (January 1996): 1580–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac950636m.

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14

Suarez, Maria L., Alfredo Calvo, and Luis E. Leon. "Complexometric Titration of Metals Using a Lead Selective Electrode." Analytical Letters 19, no. 11-12 (January 1986): 1219–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00032718608066296.

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15

Evstratova, K. I., T. Yu Ivanovskaya, and I. V. Kucheryavaya. "Complexometric-conductometric titration analysis of drugs and food additives." Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal 33, no. 12 (December 1999): 675–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02974947.

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16

Egurrola, Greciel E., Angela P. Mazabel, and Johnbrynner García. "Development and Validation of a Complexometric and Potentiometric Titration Method for the Quantitative Determination of Zinc Pyrithione in Shampoo." Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry 2021 (January 6, 2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6661744.

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Most of the pharmaceutical and cosmetic products used for the treatment of dandruff have zinc pyrithione as an active ingredient; therefore; quantifying this component becomes necessary. The purpose of this study was the validation of two simple and fast methodologies in the quantification of zinc pyrithione for shampoo quality control to guarantee consumer safety. The first method comprised a manual complexometric titration, and the second comprised a potentiometric titration performed with an automatic titrator, obtaining sensitivity values of 0.0534% and 0.0038%, respectively, precision expressed in RSD% values below than 1%, and accuracy in recovery percentage greater than 99%. Additionally, both methods were robust when subjected to significant changes in working conditions (temperature and pH) and were selective even in the presence of interferences and degradation products. Finally, the methodologies were adequate to ensure the quality of shampoo to ensure the safety of consumers.

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17

Cassedanne, Jeannine Odette, and Hamílcar Freire de Carvalho. "Dosagem de silício em silico-fosfatos naturais." Anuário do Instituto de Geociências 13 (December 1, 1990): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.11137/1990_0_39-42.

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This study describes a silicon volumetric titration in minerals silico-phosphates. Silicon is precipited as quinolin silico-molibdate and molybdenum is titsted by complexometric-accumulation method. In the range of 0,5 to 2,5 mg of silicon, a precision of about 0,5% is reached with a good reproducibility. A previous elimination of phosphates ions is necessary.

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18

Danilevich, T. I., and V. V. Abramov. "Determination of fluorine in glass crystallite using complexometric back titration." Glass and Ceramics 45, no. 9 (September 1988): 349–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00677490.

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19

COSTA, Luiz Henrique Medeiros da, Francisco José Santos LIMA, and Ademir Oliveira da SILVA. "SYNTHESIS, COMPLEXOMETRY, THERMAL ANALYSIS AND MOLAR CONDUCTANCE OF LANTHANUM CHLORIDE, NEODYMIUM AND ERBIUM HYDRATED." Periódico Tchê Química 10, no. 19 (January 20, 2013): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v10.n19.2013.38_periodico19_pgs_38_45.pdf.

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The lanthanum, neodymium and erbium chlorides were prepared from your respective starting oxides in aqueous suspension with slow addition of hydrochloric acid and later placed in desiccator. The compositions were characterized through of the complexometric titrations with EDTA, thermogravimetry (TG) and molar conductance. The TG curves were accomplished in synthetic air and we verified your thermal stabilities, and the process of thermal decomposition. The results obtained by the titration and for TG they made possible to establish the stoichiometry of the compounds that came as: LaCl3.7H2O, NdCl3.6H2O e ErCl3.7H2O. The molar conductance, in water, informed us a type of electrolyte 1:3, evidencing that the ions chlorides is not coordinated to the lanthanides and they are out of the coordination sphere in these complex salts.

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20

Taufik, Moh, Seveline Seveline, and Emilia Ratih Saputri. "Validasi Metode Analisis Kadar Kalsium pada Susu Segar secara Titrasi Kompleksometri." Agritech 38, no. 2 (July 30, 2018): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/agritech.25459.

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Analysis of calcium content in fresh milk generally uses Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Alternatively, it could be analyzed using complexometric titration. The study aimed to validate the method of calcium content analysis in fresh milk by complexometric titration. The results showed that the linearity test using calcium standard solution at a working range of 4-24 mg/100 mL had R2 of 0.9983, while the limit of detection and limit of quantification were 0.47 mg/100 mL and 1.57 mg/100 mL, respectively. The accuracy by spiking method at the spiking concentration of 60 mg/100 mL sample was 99.29%. The repeatability and intra-lab reproducibility showed acceptable precision with CV value of 0.98% and 2.59%, respectively. The results of ruggedness test showed that this method was rugged to the variation of sample volume and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) concentration. This study proved that complexometric titration can be used to determine calcium content in fresh milk. ABSTRAKAnalisis kadar kalsium pada susu segar umumnya menggunakan Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) yang relatif mahal. Salah satu metode alternatif yang dapat digunakan adalah titrasi kompleksometri. Sampai sekarang, data validasi terhadap metode tersebut pada sampel susu segar belum tersedia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memvalidasi metode analisis kadar kalsium pada susu segar secara titrasi kompleksometri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan uji linearitas dengan menggunakan larutan standar kalsium pada rentang 4-24 mg/100 mL mempunyai nilai R2 sebesar 0,9983, sedangkan nilai batas deteksi dan batas kuantifikasi berturut-turut adalah 0,47 mg/100 mL dan 1,57 mg/100 mL. Nilai akurasi (recovery) sebesar 99,29% pada konsentrasi spiking 60 mg/100 mL sampel. Hasil penelitian atau metode uji yang divalidasi menunjukkan nilai keterulangan dan reprodusibilitas intralab yang baik dengan nilai CV analisis berturut-turut 0,98% dan 2,59%. Hasil uji ketangguhan menunjukkan metode ini bersifat tangguh (rugged) terhadap variasi volume sampel dan konsentrasi asam etilenadiaminatetraasetat (EDTA) yang digunakan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut, metode titrasi kompleksometri dapat digunakan untuk menentukan kadar kalsium pada susu segar.

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21

Jayachandran, Kavitha, J. S. Gamare, P. R. Nair, Mary Xavier, and Suresh K. Aggarwal. "A novel biamperometric methodology for thorium determination by EDTA complexometric titration." Radiochimica Acta 100, no. 5 (May 2012): 311–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/ract.2012.1920.

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22

Nesterov, G. V., and T. M. Litvinova. "Comparative assessment of commodity indicators of alder leaves of different types." Farmacevticheskoe delo i tehnologija lekarstv (Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology), no. 6 (October 29, 2020): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-13-2006-06.

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The article presents data on the study of commodity indicators of black, gray and heart-leaved alder leaves harvested from wild plants. The moisture content was determined for all the studied samples. Common ash. Ash insoluble in a 10% solution of hydrochloric acid, organic and mineral impurities, parts of the plant that have lost their natural color. The complexometric titration method determined the content of tannins in the raw material, the content of which in the amount of 4.56 to 8.59%, allows considering this type of raw material as a promising additional source of phytopreparations.

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23

Kozak, Joanna, Justyna Paluch, Marek Kozak, Marta Duracz, Marcin Wieczorek, and Paweł Kościelniak. "Novel Approach to Automated Flow Titration for the Determination of Fe(III)." Molecules 25, no. 7 (March 27, 2020): 1533. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25071533.

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A novel approach to automated flow titration with spectrophotometric detection for the determination of Fe(III) is presented. The approach is based on the possibility of strict and simultaneous control of the flow rates of sample and titrant streams over time. It consists of creating different but precisely defined concentration gradients of titrant and analyte in each successively formed monosegments, and is based on using the calculated titrant dilution factor. The procedure was verified by complexometric titration of Fe(III) in the form of a complex with sulfosalicylic acid, using EDTA as a titrant. Fe(III) and Fe(II) (after oxidation to Fe(III) with the use of H2O2) were determined with good precision (CV lower than 1.7%, n = 6) and accuracy ( | RE | lower than 3.3%). The approach was applied to determine Fe(III) and Fe(II) in artesian water samples. Results of determinations were consistent with values obtained using the ICP–OES reference method. Using the procedure, it was possible to perform titration in 6 min for a wide range of analyte concentrations, using 2.4 mL of both sample and titrant.

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24

Vdovin, K. N., K. G. Pivovarova, N. A. Feoktistov, and T. B. Ponamareva. "X-ray fluorescence determination of zinc sulfate in acidic zinc plating electrolyte." Industrial laboratory. Diagnostics of materials 86, no. 10 (October 14, 2020): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.26896/1028-6861-2020-86-10-18-22.

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Zinc sulfate is the main component in the composition of the acidic zinc plating electrolyte. Deviation in the electrolyte composition from the optimum content leads to destabilization of the electrolysis process and deteriorate the quality of the resulting zinc coating. The proper quality of a zinc coating obtained by galvanic deposition can be ensured only with timely monitoring and adjustment of the electrolyte composition. A technique of X-ray fluorescence determination of zinc (in terms of zinc sulfate) in an acidic zinc plating electrolyte is proposed. The study was carried out using an ARL Quant’X energy dispersive spectrometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) with a semiconductor silicon-lithium detector. The features of the spectrometer design are presented. The optimal parameters of excitation and detection of zinc radiation were specified when the electrolyte sample was diluted 1:1000. The ZnKα1 line was used as an analytical line. The plotted calibration graph is linear, the correlation coefficient being 0.999234. The results of zinc determination according to the developed method were compared with the data of the reference method of complexometric titration to prove the reliability of the procedure. The results are characterized by good convergence and accuracy. The proposed method of X-ray fluorescence zinc determination in a zinc plating electrolyte equals complexometric titration in the limiting capabilities and even exceeds the latter in terms of the simplicity of sample preparation and rapidity. The developed method of X-ray fluorescence determination of zinc is implemented in analysis of the electrolyte used in the continuous galvanizing unit at «METSERVIS LLC».

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25

Pozdniakov, Maxim A., Konstantin V. Rubtsov, Lyudmila A. Rasskazova, and Anatoly Filimoshkin. "Glyoxylic Acid Separation from Products of Glyoxal Oxidation in the Form of its Calcium Salt." Advanced Materials Research 1085 (February 2015): 74–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1085.74.

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Synthesis of glyoxylic acid was carried out by oxidation of glyoxal aqueous solutions by nitric acid. Glyoxylic acid and oxalic acid (as a by-product) were isolated from technological mixtures in the form of their calcium salts in a strictly defined region of pH. Previously, model calcium salts were synthesized from the commercial acids as reference objects.The results of infrared spectroscopy and complexometric titration of precipitates of calcium salts of glyoxylic and oxalic acids, isolated in various pH regions, allow one to construct reliable research strategies of complex mixtures, such as obtained from the oxidation products of aqueous solutions of glyoxal.

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26

Ni, Yongnian, and Yingliang Wu. "Simultaneous determination of mixtures of metal ions by complexometric titration and multivariate calibration." Analytica Chimica Acta 354, no. 1-3 (November 1997): 233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-2670(97)00396-6.

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27

Kalashnikov, D. V., and V. I. Vershinin. "Estimation of the role of side reactions in the simulation of complexometric titration." Journal of Analytical Chemistry 55, no. 3 (March 2000): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02757206.

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28

Labhade, Shivaji Rangnath. "SELECTIVE MERCURIMETRIC TITRATION ASSAY OF CHLORIDE CONCENTRATION IN THE WATER OF GREEN COCONUTS USING NOVEL INDICATOR SYSTEM." International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 9, no. 3 (February 3, 2017): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2017v9i3.16691.

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Objective: A selective mercurimetric titration procedure is proposed for the assay of chloride concentration in the water of green coconut using mercury(II) nitrate [(Hg(NO3)2] reagent and iron(III) nitrate [Fe(NO3)3] with synthetically prepared mercury(II) thiocyanate [Hg(SCN)2] indicator system.Methods: An indicator solution was prepared by titrating Hg(NO3)2 against potassium thiocyanate (KSCN) till a red color end point using Fe(NO3)3. Then a known amount of Hg(NO3)2 was added to indicator solution and titrated against the water of green coconut till the original red color reappeared.Results: The concentration of chloride present in the volume of coconut water utilized in between these two end points was found to be reacting in the 2:1 stoichiometric ratio with the Hg(NO3)2 taken in the second step of the titration. The statistical treatment of the experimental data obtained by using standard solutions of sodium chloride (NaCl) indicates that the procedure is precise and accurate. The phosphate, sulfate, organic compounds and inorganic minerals present in the coconut water did not interfere with the measurement of chloride by this procedure. Both the cationic mineral value (was also determined by complexometric titration) and chloride concentration in the coconut water were found to be decreased with the development of the coconuts.Conclusion: The proposed procedure of determination of chloride concentration in the water of green coconut is simple, reliable and inexpensive. This procedure is excellent for determination of chloride in the acidic solution without precise adjustment of the pH for detection of the end point. Owing to the homogenous reaction condition no titration errors those are commonly encountered by co-precipitation in the argentometric assay of chloride.

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29

Xian-ke, Wang. "Selective complexometric titration of lead in the presence of large amounts of interfering ions." Analyst 115, no. 12 (1990): 1611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/an9901501611.

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30

Ni, Yongnian, and Zhaohong Peng. "Determination of mixed metal ions by complexometric titration and nonlinear partial least squares calibration." Analytica Chimica Acta 304, no. 2 (March 1995): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-2670(94)00583-8.

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31

Chistyakova, Anna Sergeyevna, Alevtina Alekseyevna Gudkova, Ol'ga Valer'yevna Trineeva, Alla Anatol'yevna Sorokina, and Sof'ya Aleksandrovna Vasil’eva. "DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF COMPLEXOMETRIC METHODS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF CAL-CIUM AND MAGNESIUM IN MEDICINAL PLANT MATERIALS (ON THE GRASS PERSICARIA MACULOSA GRAY.)." chemistry of plant raw material, no. 3 (October 22, 2020): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2020036324.

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The relevance of the study of the mineral composition of plant objects is undoubted. In plant organisms, macro and micronutrients are present in an easily digestible form. The macroelements most accumulated in plants include calcium and magnesium, whose sources are members of the family Polygonaceae Juss, in particular the genus Persicaria Mill. The aim of the work was to develop a technique for quantitative complexometric determination of calcium and magnesium in plant raw materials after the burning procedure and its validation. As a result, optimal conditions for the quantitative determination of calcium and magnesium in plant objects were experimentally selected using the example of Persicaria maculosa Gray. mountaineer grass using complexometric titration after ashing and calcination. For the determination of calcium, the optimum pH value is 11–12, the acidic indicator is dark blue – chromium, the optimum pH for magnesium is 8–9, the indicator is pyrocatechol violet. The calcium content in the plant varies from 0.12% to 0.58%, the amount of magnesium is about 0.02%. The relative error of the mean determination with a 95% probability was no more than 1.60% and no more than 1.84% when determining calcium and magnesium, respectively. Studies have shown the validity of the developed methodology for indicators of authenticity, precision (convergence, reproducibility), specificity, linearity.

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32

Gao, Jie, Yafei Guo, Shiqiang Wang, Tianlong Deng, Yu-Wei Chen, and Nelson Belzile. "Interference of Lithium in Measuring Magnesium by Complexometry: Discussions of the Mechanism." Journal of Chemistry 2013 (2013): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/719179.

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There is usually a large concentration of magnesium in the brine of salt lakes and as a consequence it is difficult to measure Mg2+accurately with the complexometric titration by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA) because of the large levels of Li+also coexisting in brine samples. In this study, a relationship between the relative error related to the number of drops of the indicator and the NMR spectra of anhydrous ethanol and n-butanol, with or without LiCl, was analyzed and compared. It was then possible to suggest a mechanism to explain the interference of Li+when measuring Mg2+and to control the interference in the alcohol mixture because Li+can then complex with the alcohols and mainly form a complex with n-butanol.

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33

Puzanowska-Tarasiewicz, Helena, Joanna Karpińska, and Ludmiła Kuźmicka. "Analytical Applications of Reactions of Iron(III) and Hexacyanoferrate(III) with 2,10-Disubstituted Phenothiazines." International Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2009 (2009): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/302696.

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The presented review is devoted to analytical applications of reactions of Fe(III) and with 2,10-disubstituted phenothiazines (PT). It was found that iron(III) and hexacyanoferrate(III) ions in acidic media easily oxidized PT with the formation of colored oxidation products. This property has been exploited for spectrophotometric determination of iron(III) ions and phenothiazines. Some flow-injection procedures of the determination of PT based on the oxidation reaction by means of the above-mentioned oxidants have been proposed. In the presented review, the application of 2,10-disubstituted phenothiazines as indicators in complexometric titration of iron(III) as well as procedures of PT determination based on generation of ternary compound in the system Fe(III)-- PT was also described.

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34

Prasad, K. M. M. Krishna, P. Vijayalekshmi, and C. Kamala Sastri. "Specifications of colour changes of complexometric indicators in the titration of zirconium with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid." Analyst 119, no. 12 (1994): 2817. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/an9941902817.

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35

Abdel-Haleem, Fatehy M., and Mahmoud S. Rizk. "Development of ionophore-based nanosphere emulsion incorporating ion-exchanger for complexometric titration of thiocyanate anion." Journal of Advanced Research 8, no. 4 (July 2017): 449–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2017.06.005.

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36

Archer, Marcellé, Martin Brits, Désirée Prevoo-Franzsen, and Laura Quinn. "High concentration aqueous sodium fluoride certified reference materials for forensic use certified by complexometric titration." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 407, no. 11 (October 19, 2014): 3205–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-014-8229-2.

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37

Burgos-Luján, Inés, and Anthony Z. Tong. "Determination of Phytic Acid in Juices and Milks by Developing a Quick Complexometric-Titration Method." Food Analytical Methods 8, no. 7 (December 23, 2014): 1836–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12161-014-0075-5.

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38

MARINI, H., R. ANTON, and R. OLSINA. "Complexometric titration of Ti(IV) with 2-(5-chloro-2-pyridylazo)-5-dimethylaminophenol as indicator." Talanta 37, no. 11 (November 1990): 1097–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0039-9140(90)80161-8.

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39

Liu, Li, Yizhou Ling, Jing Yu, and Qiang Fu. "Developing and Evaluating an Inquiry-Based Online Course with a Simulation Program of Complexometric Titration." Journal of Chemical Education 98, no. 5 (April 1, 2021): 1636–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.0c01229.

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40

Yankova, V. G., I. L. Udyanskaya, T. K. Slonskaya, A. A. Zhukova, V. Yu Grigoryeva, S. V. Gribanova, K. O. Gryaznov, A. N. Kirichenko, O. N. Plakhotnaya, and A. B. Karpyn. "Adsorption activity of an enterosorbent containing hydrolyzed lignin." Voprosy praktičeskoj pediatrii 17, no. 1 (2022): 150–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.20953/1817-7646-2022-1-150-156.

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Enterosorbents based on lignin hydrolised are able to adsorb in the intestine different kinds of toxins, drugs, salts of heavy metals etc. Nowadays, such drugs are widely applied during the treatment of the adults and children from the first year of life due to its safety and proven efficacy. Objective. To study the morphology and the adsorption centers on the surface of the enterosorbent "Filtrum-STI" based on lignin hydrolised. To develop a methodology for determination the adsorption activity of the drug "Filtrum-STI" and to measure qualitatively and quantitatively its adsorption activity to low molecular weight toxins and heavy metals. Materials and methods. The morphology of the sample’s surface was investigated on an Olympus BX-51 optical microscope. IR spectra were obtained using a Thermo Nicolet Nexus 470 FT-IR infrared Fourier spectrometer. Visual identification of the adsorption activity of the enterosorbent was carried out using methylene blue and methyl orange, recommended by the RF SPh as models of low molecular weight toxins. The methodology of determination the adsorption activity to heavy metal cations was developed and the measurements of this activity were carried out using reverse complexometric titration towards Pb2+ cation. Results. Micrographs of the sample "Filtrum-STI" demonstrate the heterogeneity of its surface morphology, the tablet consists of small particles. IR spectroscopy confirmed the presence of active adsorption centers on the surface of lignin hydrolysed. Adsorption of low molecular weight toxins from aqueous solutions was obviously revealed after 15 minutes for all toxins. It is estimated that the adsorption activity of the drug is preserved at physiological pH. The mass content of adsorbed Pb2+ cations was determined by the method of reverse complexometric titration, was demonstrated that w = 19.44 ± 0.92% of cations were adsorbed. Conclusion. A methodology of the determination the adsorption activity of the enterosorbent "Filtrum-STI" was developed and successfully tested, it allowed to confirm the high adsorption properties of the studied drug to a wide range of markers in various media. Key words: enterosorbent, lignin hydrolysed, "Filtrum-STI", adsorption activity, toxins, adsorption centers

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41

Wulandari, Devyana Dyah. "Analisa Kesadahan Total dan Kadar Klorida Air Di Kecamatan Tanggulangin Sidoarjo." Medical Technology and Public Health Journal 1, no. 1 (May 25, 2017): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33086/mtphj.v1i1.261.

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Subdistrict Tanggulangin was relatively close to the source of the Lapindo mud flow, the release of mud content into the water will cause the death of aquatic organisms and lead to serious consequences for humans who depend their life on these waters. Therefore, researchers seek to determine the total water hardness and chloride content in Tanggulangin district. Water make up the population and sample, taken from 15 points in Tanggulangin, Sidoarjo. Total hardness determination was conducted using complexometric titration method, whereas chloride content was performed using argentometry Mohr titration method. Water sample from 3 of 10 regions in Tanggulangin is drinkable, namely the sample A (320 mg / L), sample C (170 mg / L), sample E (304 mg / L), sample F (298 mg / L), sample I (372 mg / L), samples J (340 mg / L). While the in the other samples, the content of total hardness exceeds the maximum threshold (> 500 mg / L) which means unfit for consumption, and 5 of the 10 areas in the district is drinkable, namely the sample A (123.2 mg / L), sample C (49.7 mg / L), sample E (245.7 mg / L), sample I (182.4 mg / L), and samples J (64 mg / L).

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42

Wulandari, Devyana Dyah. "ANALISA KESADAHAN TOTAL DAN KADAR KLORIDA AIR DI KECAMATAN TANGGULANGIN SIDOARJO." Medical Technology and Public Health Journal 1, no. 1 (August 24, 2018): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33086/mtphj.v1i1.753.

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Subdistrict Tanggulangin was relatively close to the source of the Lapindo mud flow, the release of mud content into the water will cause the death of aquatic organisms and lead to serious consequences for humans who depend their life on these waters. Therefore, researchers seek to determine the total water hardness and chloride content in Tanggulangin district. Water make up the population and sample, taken from 15 points in Tanggulangin, Sidoarjo. Total hardness determination was conducted using complexometric titration method, whereas chloride content wasperformed using argentometry Mohr titration method. Water sample from 3 of 10 regions in Tanggulangin is drinkable, namely the sample A (320 mg / L), sample C (170 mg / L), sample E (304 mg / L), sample F (298 mg / L), sample I (372 mg / L), samples J (340 mg / L). While the in the othersamples, the content of total hardness exceeds the maximum threshold (> 500 mg / L) which means unfit for consumption, and 5 of the 10 areas in the district is drinkable, namely the sample A (123.2 mg / L), sample C (49.7 mg / L), sample E (245.7 mg / L), sample I (182.4 mg / L), and samples J (64mg / L).

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43

Paama, Lilli, Paavo Peramäki, and Lauri H. J. Lajunen. "Analysis of superconductor oxides YBa2Cu3O8−x by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry and complexometric titration." Analytica Chimica Acta 330, no. 2-3 (September 1996): 259–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-2670(96)00182-1.

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44

Cacho, J., A. L. Molinero, and E. Pinilla. "The arsenazo 2-(2-arsenophenyl)azo-7-(4-antipyril)azo-1,8-dihydroxy-3,6-naphthalenedisulphonic acid as spectrophotometric reagent and metallochromic indicator for calcium." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 51, no. 12 (1986): 2712–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19862712.

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Ions Ca(II) react with the arsenazo [2-(2-arsenophenyl)azo-7-(4-antipyril)azo-1,8-dihydroxy-3,6-naphthalenedisulphonic acid] at pH 10.0 to produce a blue-violet complex with the maximum of absorbance at 578 nm. Its stoichiometry is 1 : 1 and its stability constant has the value of 8.56 . 104 at pH 10.0. Beer's law is obeyed in the range from 0.04 to 0.4 μg ml-1 of Ca(II), with a molar absorbance of 1.92 . 104 l mol-1 cm-1. The reagent has also been studied as the metallochromic indicator in the complexometric titration of Ca, and the colour change was specified by means of CIE chromaticity diagrams. According to Ringbom's concepts a transition pM of 4.93 is obtained when a 5.0 . 10-4 mol l-1 solution of Ca(II) is titrated.

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45

Regina Lopes, Débora, Maurício Augusto de Oliveira, Daniel Ângelo Macena, and Vinícius Marques Gomes. "AVALIAÇÃO DOS TEORES DE ALUMÍNIO EM ANTITRANSPIRANTES." COLLOQUIUM EXACTARUM 10, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 01–06. http://dx.doi.org/10.5747/ce.2018.v10.n2.e230.

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The antiperspirant works by diffusing the aluminum salt through the ducts of the sweat glands into the opening of the epidermis. After contact with perspiration sweat, a mucopolysaccharide complex is produced that reduces perspiration. When its content is high in blood, the bones capture and release it slowly causing bone dystrophy. The objective of this project was to determine the levels of aluminum in the antiperspirant, of different brands marketed in supermarkets, and to verify if the concentrations are in agreement with the label and in accordance with the legislation. The complexometric titration method was used. Of the three brands analyzed, the first one did not present aluminum, important for the antiperspirant effect, the second one contained lower amounts than the one informed on the label and the third one presented levels above that allowed by the legislation. Therefore, none of the analyzed brands presented positive results.

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46

Baldut, Mariela, Silvina Bonafede, Luciana Petrone, Laura Simionato, and Adriana Segall. "Development and Validation of a Complexometric Titration Method for the Determination of Rosuvastatin Calcium in Raw Material." Advances in Research 5, no. 5 (January 10, 2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/air/2015/19843.

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47

Kundu, Dipali, and S. K. Roy. "Complexometric Titration of Zirconium and Yttrium in the same Solution for its Application in Zirconia-Yttria Ceramics." Transactions of the Indian Ceramic Society 53, no. 5 (January 1994): 127–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0371750x.1994.10804656.

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48

Behrens, R., and F. Umland. "Phase transformation of titanium dioxide in the preparation of titanium oxide-Vanadium oxide electrodes for complexometric titration." Journal of the Less Common Metals 137, no. 1-2 (February 1988): 353–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088(88)90100-2.

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49

Melnikova, Polina K., Natalya S. Kistanova, and Olga S. Kudryashova. "The influence of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and sodium chloride on the precipitation of calcium sulfate dihydrate." Вестник Пермского университета. Серия «Химия» = Bulletin of Perm University. CHEMISTRY 11, no. 3 (2021): 175–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2223-1838-2021-3-175-183.

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The inhibition of gypsum was investigated at 25C in aqueous 0,7 and 1,5 mol/l NaCl solutions by so- dium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC-1000, with the degree of polymerization of 1000 units).The efficiency of inhibition was estimated from measurements of the calcium concentration in the supersaturated calcium sulfate solutions (0,15 mol/l) during the precipitation process by the standard procedure of complexometric titration. It was observed that the presence of NaCl exhibits synergistic effect on the performance of CMC-1000. In the presence of CMC-1000 at 0,5 g/l inhibitor concentration and sodium chloride at 0,7 mol/l concentration induction time, preceding the formation of the gypsum, increases from 100 (without NaCl) to 630 min. Induction times at 0,1 g/l CMC-1000 and sodium chloride at 0,7 and 1,5 mol/l concentrations are 60 and 32 min respectively. The results of X- ray powder diffraction indicated that dihydrate calcium sulfate and sodium chloride present in solid phase.

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SUZUKI, Toshihiro, Akiharu HIOKI, and Masayasu KURAHASHI. "Study on the Storage Stabilities of a Cyanide Standard Solution by Complexometric Titration with a Nickel Standard Solution." BUNSEKI KAGAKU 52, no. 1 (2003): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2116/bunsekikagaku.52.51.

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