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Yadav, Shankar Prasad, Anita Chamlagain, Sneha Dhakal, and Gauri Shankar Shah. "Complementary feeding practice in infants of 6-12 months: a study from tertiary care centre of eastern Nepal." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 6, no. 1 (December 24, 2018): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20185200.
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Background: Initial years of life are crucial for child growth and development. Breast feeding for first six months of life, followed by adequate complimentary feeding is necessary for preventing malnutrition and its complication in children. This study accessed the complementary feeding practice and the time of initiation of complementary feeding among infants.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted for 3 weeks, among 92 infants. Details of feeding practice were taken from the parents from semi-structured questionnaire and nutritional status was evaluated by anthropometric assessment tools.Results: Ninety-two mothers were interviewed, and their corresponding infants were evaluated. The mean age of infant was 8.8 months with equal proportion of male and female. The mean age of mother interviewed was 26.6 yrs. 59.8% had timely initiation of complimentary feeding. Timely complimentary feeding was directly related to maternal literacy where literate mother follows the practices of appropriate complimentary feeding (p<0.007). There was significant association between ethnicity and timely initiation of complimentary feeding practices. 78.2 % babies who had timely initiation were of higher ethnicity. Overall in our cohort 18.4% were stunted, 14.1% were wasted. The stunted and wasted child were significantly more in whom there was absence of timely initiation of complimentary feeding (p<0.05).Conclusions: Proper complimentary feeding is still lagging in our society, proper parental education and nutritional counselling will be required to prevent under nutrition in infants.
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Paul, Shanjoy Kumar, Quazi Rakibul Islam, Sunirmal Roy, and Pranab Kumar Rudra. "Complimentary Feeding Practices in Under-2 Children." Chattagram Maa-O-Shishu Hospital Medical College Journal 13, no. 3 (November 29, 2014): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cmoshmcj.v13i3.21020.
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Background: Complimentary feeding (CF) practices are quiet frustating in our country. Innaproprite foods in first two years of life have detrimental impact on health and growth of children. The aim of the study was to see the present pattern of CF practices, to identify wrong practices and to develop awareness among medical professionals so that they may encourage appropriate practices more vigorously for reducing child mortality and morbidity.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from October, 2011 to December, 2011 in the Pediatric department (indoor and outdoor) of Sir Salimullah Medical College Mitford Hospital, Dhaka and in a private chamber of a district town of Bangladesh. Four hundred motherchild pairs were selected by non-random convenience sampling method. 6-24 months old children and children under six months (if was on complimentary feeding) were included. Data was collected from the mothers/caregivers of the children in a pretested semi-structured data collection sheet and analyzed by SPSS version 12. Appropriate statistical tests were done. Statistical significance was considered if p value was <0.05. Results: Early initiation was very high (49.25%). Most common first complimentary food was rice gruel with milk (26.56%). Most common current main complimentary food (25.52%) and most common main complimentary food fed in last 24 hours (26.82%) was also rice gruel with milk. Amount of complimentary food per feed was inappropriate in most cases. Frequency of CF was not appropriate in many cases. Fast foods and commercial cereal were given to 54.8% & 33.33% children respectively. Only 1% mothers/caregivers had sound knowledge about CF. Positive support from family regarding practicing appropriate CF was found in 24.75% cases. Feeding practices were mostly influenced by relatives (25%).Conclusion: CF practices are still not ideal in our country. So, all possible interventions should be applied to improve it and thus to improve child survival.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cmoshmcj.v13i3.21020
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Parikh, Rutvik H., Jayshree N. Tolani, and Nitinkumar D. Shah. "Knowledge and attitude of mothers regarding feeding practices among children of 6 months to 2 years of age visiting a tertiary care centre of Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 6, no. 5 (August 23, 2019): 2132. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20193739.
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Background: India is facing a grave challenge of having very high rates of child under-nutrition and a high infant and child mortality, which demands an urgent need for comprehensive multi-pronged evidence based strategy to tackle the situation. Breastfeeding offers the ultimate food during the first 6 months of life. Complementary feeding starts when breast milk is no longer sufficient by itself, the target age is between 6-24 months. Complementary feeding plays critical role in bridging these gaps between nutritional requirements and growth and development of child with increasing age. Complementary feeding strategies encompass a wide variety of interventions designed to improve not only the quality and quantity of these foods but also improve the feeding behaviors. In this review we analyzed knowledge and attitude of mother regarding feeding practices among children of 6 months to 2 years of age who had visited tertiary care centre.Methods: Personal interview of mothers having a child in the age group of 6 months to 2 years of age in the duration of October 2017 to March 2018 visiting pediatric department at a tertiary care centre and willing to give information are included in the sample. The Questions regarding socio demographic profile, various occupations, type of feeding practiced, knowledge regarding feeding and complimentary feeding were included in Performa. Data was entered in MS Excel and analyzed using SPSS software.Results: Almost 8 out of 10 mothers were literate in the study (77.80%). About 75% mothers didn’t know the correct type of complimentary feeding to initiate for their babies. Knowledge about correct time of starting complimentary feeding was more commonly found in housewife mothers than the working mothers and findings was supported by statistical significance. Mothers with >=2 children were using correct type of food for complementary feeding more commonly that with mothers having single child.Conclusions: The present study highlighting knowledge gap and practice gap in mothers about complimentary feedings. Appropriate complementary feeding education emphasizing timely initiation and meal diversity is necessary to improve knowledge and feeding practices of mothers whether mother is educated or uneducated.
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Kandel, K. P., B. K. Sah, S. Kafle, S. Khanal, and B. Adhikari. "Factors affecting complementary feeding among mothers of under two years children in Darai and Kumal communities of Mangalpur, Chitwan." Journal of Chitwan Medical College 6, no. 4 (February 20, 2017): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v6i4.16711.
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Complementary feeding for an infant refers to timely introduction of safe and nutritional foods in addition to breast-feeding i.e. clean and nutritionally rich additional foods introduced at about six months of infant age. Complementary feeding strategies encompass a wide variety of interventions designed to improve not only the quality and quantity of these foods but also improve the feeding behaviors. The objective of the study is to assess the factors affecting complementary feeding practices among mothers in Mangalpur, Chitwan. A cross sectional study was carried out to find out the factors affecting complimentary feeding practices among mothers of under two years children in Darai and Kumal Communities in Mangalpur, Chitwan. Altogether 84 respondents were included in this study. Data analysis was done by descriptive statistics and Inferential statistics and those data was analyzed by using the software SPSS (version 20.0). The percentage of Knowledge on complimentary feeding was found as 96.40 and correct practice was 73.80% in the study area. In this study, more than half (58.3%) of the respondent had first child at the age of nineteen or more. 86.90 % of the respondents had knowledge of complementary food and mostly (87.70) practiced lito as complimentary food. Almost all (98.80%) mothers had the knowledge of sarbottam pitho and 79.50% had correct knowledge of preparation. Complementary feeding was practiced correctly by 73.80% mothers
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Ngaisyah, Rr Dewi, and Selma Avianty. "THE IMPLEMENTATION OF COMPLIMENTARY FOOD ON STUNTED CHILDREN." Muhammadiyah Medical Journal 1, no. 1 (March 9, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24853/mmj.1.1.1-9.
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Background: The age of 6-24 months old is a transitional period from breast milk to solid food. It is a critical period where children could easily get malnutrition and infection. The stunting prevalence in Kanigoro Village has surpassed the healthy limit (>20%) and as such, WHO categorized it as a public health nutrition problem. This study figured out the determinant factors of the implementation of complimentary food for breast milk on 6-24 months old stunted children. Methods: This study collected the 5 (five) respondents via purposive sampling methods. The criteria used were the respondents: (1) being 6-24 months old, (2) having the height-for-age z-score value < -2 SD, (3) living in the operational area of the Public Health Center of Saptosari Gunungkidul, and (4) committing to a consensual agreement to be the subjects of the study by submitting a legal informed consent letters. The data of the study were gathered via in-depth interview. The results were then compared to International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) responsive feeding indicators. Results: All of the respondents failed to do the responsive feeding properly and thoroughly. They failed to spoon feed the children, or to help the children eat by themselves, to be patient and to persuade their children to eat, to provide food in safe environment, to make feeding time as also learning time, and to care for the children. The response feeding predisposition factors are the limited time and the respondents’ perception to their children. The enabling factors are the availability and accessibility of resources. The empowering factors are the motivation from family members. Conclusion: It is recommended to involve the results of this study in basic policies formulations of many public health centers. It is expected to help children get better food intake and to optimize their growth.
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Mishra, Sunidhi, and Sarla Lakhawat. "Development of products for promotion of breastfeeding and complimentary feeding." FOOD SCIENCE RESEARCH JOURNAL 10, no. 1 (April 15, 2019): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/fsrj/10.1/45-48.
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Basnet, S., E. Gauchan, K. Malla, T. Malla, DP Koirala, R. Shah, and Y. Sedhai. "Infant Feeding Practices in Kaski District, Pokhara." Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society 32, no. 1 (February 28, 2012): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v32i1.5339.
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Background: Children in developing countries are prone to infectious diseases due to insufficient and inappropriate feeding practices. Socio-demographic and socio-economic factors directly and indirectly play a role in influencing infant feeding practices. This study was conducted to assess the socio-demographic and economic factors associated with initiation of breastfeeding, complimentary feeding, and the various prelacteal feeds practiced in Kaski, Pokhara. Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, interviews were conducted to 500 mothers at Manipal Teaching Hospital who brought their child for treatment. The interviews were conducted in a questionnaire format relating to their demographic and financial statuses. Results: A total of 500 mothers were questioned, out of which 86.6% gave their child breastmilk as its first food. 47% initiated breastfeeding within half an hour of child’s birth. 86% gave Jaulo as the first complementary food to their children. About 26% of the mothers gave complementary feeding to their children before the recommended time of 6 months. Conclusion: Initiation of breastfeeding after life and complementary feeding practices overall has improved from previous studies. There is still need of making awareness campaigns and such in order to further improve this trend. Key words: Breastfeeding; Complimentary feeding; Malnourishment DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v32i1.5339 J. Nepal Paediatr. Soc. Vol.32(1) 2012 23-27
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Breathnach, Ailish, Rosemary Geoghegan, and Edina Moylett. "Parental intentions regarding introduction of common food allergens during complimentary feeding." Pediatric Allergy and Immunology 32, no. 6 (April 18, 2021): 1384–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pai.13512.
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Ambike, Deepali, Vijay Bhavari, Faisal Poker, and Kaenat Ahmed. "A study on the awareness of the weaning practices and the determinants affecting them in a rural hospital based pediatric outpatient clinic of Maval Taluka, Maharashtra." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 4, no. 1 (December 21, 2016): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20164605.
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Background: Malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies is a very common cause of late weaning and improper weaning practices. There are many factors affecting the weaning practices in developing countries like India which may act as hindrance to the proper weaning methods. The objective of this study was to know the awareness about weaning or complementary feeding practices in the mothers of children attending the pediatric OPD. And to study the various determinants affecting the weaning or Complementary feeding practices in this rural population.Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study conducted in pediatric immunization outpatient clinic of M.I.M.E.R medical college, Talegaon (D) during the period from May to September 2016.About 300 parents were interviewed with a semi open questionnaire.Results: Out of total 304 respondents, total unawareness regarding weaning was the reason for not starting complimentary feeding at 6-months in 64 respondents (21.1%). Majority of the respondents (210, 69.1%) revealed that they prefer home based complimentary feeding. A total of 125 respondents (41.1%) admitted that they stopped the feeding in the event of illness.Conclusions: Incorrect weaning practices, withholding breastfeeding and improper feeding during illnesses are the major deterrents which can hamper proper weaning techniques and are major contributory factors in increasing Malnutrition.
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Kumar, Naresh, Lakhan Poswal, Suresh Goyal, Chakshu Chaudhary, Ananta Rattan, and Harimohan Koli. "Micronutrient deficiency status in children below 2 year of age with delayed milestones." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 5, no. 4 (June 22, 2018): 1542. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20182561.
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Background: Micronutrient deficiency have strong association with delayed achievement of milestones. Objective of present study was to know the micronutrient deficiency status in children below 2 years of age with delayed milestones.Methods: Study was carried out among 50 children below 2year of age with delayed milestones without any known cause for it. These children were evaluated for hematopoietic micronutrient deficiency and they were compared with controls.Results: A total of 50 children (22 male and 28 female) of delayed milestone were enrolled. Maximum number of children were in age group 7-12 months. Majority of children (62%) were from BPL families. Majority of children had Wt/ Ht -1 to -2 SD. Breastfeeding was initiated late (2-6 hr) in 38%. Sixty four percent children were exclusively breast fed up to six month of age, in the rest top milk feeding was also given along with BF. No complimentary feeding was started in 51.1% children after 6 months of age. In 73% of those in whom complimentary feeding was started the amount was inadequate. Maximum children were given complimentary feeding at the age of 9-12 month. In this study significant number of patients (p = <0.001) had low levels of serum vit. B12 (78% v/s 10% in control), iron deficiency (66% v/s 6% in control) and deficient folic acid level (16% v/s nil in control).Conclusions: Association was found between hematopoietic micronutrient deficiency and delayed milestone in children below 2 years age without any other risk factors.
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Diamond-Smith, Nadia, Lakshmi Gopalakrishnan, Purnima Menon, Sneha Nimmagadda, Dilys Walker, and Sumeet Patil. "Can Person-Centered Interactions with Community Health Care Workers Improve Women's Breastfeeding and Infant Feeding Practices in India?" Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 972. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa054_044.
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Abstract Objectives Breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices in India do not meet recommendations. Community health care workers (CHWs) are often the primary source of information for pregnant and postpartum women about Infant and Young child Feeding (IYCF) practices. While existing research has evaluated the effectiveness of content and delivery of information through CHWs, little is known about person-centric soft-skills in interpersonal communication. We analyzed the effect of high quality person-centered interactions based on respect and trust on recommended IYCF practices. Methods We use data from evaluation of an at-scale mHealth intervention in India that serves as a job aid to the CHWs and as a monitoring tool for their supervisors (N = 6635 mothers of children <12 m from 841 villages in 2 Indian states). The binary indicator variable for high-quality interaction is constructed using a set of 7 questions related to trust, respect, friendliness during these interactions. The binary outcomes variables are exclusive breastfeeding, timely introduction of complimentary feeding, and minimum diet diversity for infants. The estimation controlled for socio-economic-demographic characteristics, exposure to other health workers, number of interactions with the CHW, and other CHW services. Results Overall, 66% mothers reported exclusive breastfeeding, 69% reported timely introduction of complimentary feeding, but only 13% reported minimum dietary diversity in infant feeding. Perhaps because of the low base levels, mothers who reported higher-quality interactions were more likely to feed at least 4 food groups to infants 6–12 m (b = 0.05). Associations also existed for increased exclusive breastfeeding (b = 0.07). There was no effect on timely introduction of complimentary feeding. Conclusions Person-centered interactions with CHWs appears to be significantly associated with some behaviors around infant feeding. Focusing on improving social and soft skills of CHWs that can translate into better CHW-beneficiary interactions can pay rich dividend for certain behaviors which are currently less prevalent such as minimum dietary diversity or those which are perhaps more in mothers control such as exclusive breastfeeding. Funding Sources The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
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Rochwani, Ritu, and Aman D. Singh. "Perception and practices regarding complimentary feeding among anganwadi workers in Punjab, India." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 5, no. 12 (November 24, 2018): 5205. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20184791.
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Background: Adequate and appropriate nutrition is the key to proper growth and development during the initial years of life. Appropriate complementary feeding depends on accurate information and skilled support from the family, community and health care system. Anganwadi is the focal point for delivering services to beneficiaries in every urban, rural, slum and tribal areas. Anganwadi workers (AWWs) provide health and nutrition education on various aspects of mother and child health. The objectives of the study were to assess perception and practices among Anganwadi workers regarding complimentary feeding.Methods: This was a cross sectional study which was conducted in month of April - May 2014. A total number of 1800 workers were under training programme conducted in department of Community Medicine Government Medical College, Patiala. Purposive sampling was used and 218 anganwadi workers were randomly selected (8 anganwadi workers in each batch were randomly selected) and interviewed Data thus collected and entered in Microsoft excel and statically analysed by Epi Info 7.Results: Only 65.60% anganwadi workers knew correctly about the complimentary feeding that is other food giving in addition to breast feeding. A large percent of anganwadi workers (43.58%) recommended liquid diets for children, nearly all 92.66% anganwadi workers taught mother that during illness feed should not be stopped. Only 43.58% taught mothers regarding consistency of feed to be given to baby.Conclusions: The perceptions and practices of anganwadi workers regarding frequency, quality and quantity of complementary Feeding were not good.
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Castro, Patricia, Richard Layte, and John Kearney. "Ethnic Variation in Breastfeeding and Complimentary Feeding in the Republic of Ireland." Nutrients 6, no. 5 (May 2, 2014): 1832–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu6051832.
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Jain, Rupali, Vivek Arora, and Sandip Gediya. "Complimentary feeding practices in severe acute malnutrition children admitted in malnutrition treatment centre of RNT medical college." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 4, no. 3 (April 25, 2017): 972. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20171709.
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Background: To assess the complimentary feeding practice in Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) children aged between 6months to 5years.Methods: 110 SAM children admitted in Malnutrition Treatment Centre (MTC) of MBGH Hospital, Udaipur over a period of 3 months were taken in the study. Structured questionnaire including child’s personal data, socioeconomic status of the family, breast feeding and complementary feeding status were used. Clinical and anthropometric assessment of children was done.Results: Out of the 110 children included in the study, 58 (52.7%) were males and 52 (47.2%) were females. Mean age of children included was 16.8 ± 10.73 months. Maximum children were in the age group of 6-12months 60 (54.5%), followed by 13-24 months of age 38 (34.5%), followed by >2-5years of age 12 (10.9%). Thirty-four (30.9%) children were on exclusive breast feeding, with 30 (27.3%) in age group of 6-12 months and 4 (3.6%) in 12- 24 months. Breast feeding with complimentary feeding was practiced in 30 (27.3%) children of 6-12 months of age and 22 (20%) children of 13-24 months. Out of the 76 children on additional feed with or without breast feeds, 70 (92.1%) consumed milk- either goat milk, cow milk or buffalo milk.Conclusions: Anthropometric assessment revealed that maximum number of SAM children also had chronic malnutrition. Diet of SAM children mainly included milk and cereals. They did not obtain a balanced diet to meet their nutritional requirement.
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Saha, Arjun, and Himadri Bhattacharjya. "Feeding practice of infant and young children and their nutritional status among tea worker community of West Tripura district, India: an observational study." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 5, no. 2 (January 24, 2018): 627. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20170240.
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Background: People working in tea gardens of Tripura differ from other people in terms of ethnicity, culture, food habit, literacy etc. and limited information is available regarding infant feeding practices and its association if any, with nutritional status of under-five children of this community. Methods: This community based cross-sectional study was conducted during 1st July to 31st August 2016, using a validated interview schedule, among 170 women working in different tea estates of West Tripura district, having children aged 6 months to 2 yr, chosen by multistage sampling. Descriptive statistics and χ2 test were used to present data. P value ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Breastfeeding initiation rate within one hr of birth was 50.59%, colostrums was fed to 82.35%, prelacteal feeding was given to 30.59%, 65.88% were exclusively breast fed and overall feeding practice was proper in 51.76% of the study children. Khichdi (34.1%) was the commonest complimentary feed and katori and spoon (64.7%) were the commonest feeding utensils. Prevalence of underweight, stunting and wasting was 9.0%, 12.9% and 7.3% respectively and these were found to be more frequent among children who received prelacteal feeding, late initiation of breastfeeding and early complimentary feeding, though statistically these were not significant. Conclusions: Overall infant feeding practice was better among educated mothers and institutional births; hence improvement in literacy and promoting institutional deliveries will further improve feeding practice in this community. Though underweight, stunting and wasting was prevalent but these had no significant association with feeding practices. Hence further studies are required to investigate the causes of malnutrition among children of this community.
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Madhunandan, K., Ramesh Pol, BhuvaneshwariC Yelamali, AshokV Badakali, and Raghavendra Vanaki. "Versatility of infantile tremor syndrome as nutritional emergency - Curse of improper complimentary feeding." Journal of Pediatric Critical Care 6, no. 1 (2019): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21304/2019.0601.00473.
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Schweiss, Virginia R., and Chet F. Rakocinski. "Destabilizing effects on a classic tri-trophic oyster-reef cascade." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 15, 2020): e0242965. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242965.
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How interactions among multiple predators affect the stability of trophic cascades is a topic of special ecological interest. To examine factors affecting the stability of the classic tri-trophic oyster reef cascade within a different context, configurations of three predators, including the Gulf toadfish, Gulf stone crab, and oystershell mud crab, were manipulated together with either oyster shell or limestone gravel substrate within a multiple predator effects (MPE) experiment. Additionally, a complimentary set of trait-mediated-indirect interaction (TMII) experiments examined the inhibition of oyster consumption relative to mud-crab size and top predator identity in the absence of other cues and factors. The classic tri-trophic cascade formed by the toadfish-mud crab-oyster configuration was potentially weakened by several interactions within the MPE experiment. Consumption of oysters and mud crabs by the intraguild stone crab was undeterred by the presence of toadfish. Although mud crab feeding was inhibited in the presence of both toadfish and stone crabs, estimated non-consumptive effects (NCEs) were weaker for stone crabs in the MPE experiment. Consequently, the total effect was destabilizing when all three predator species were together. Inhibition of mud crab feeding was inversely related to direct predation on mud crabs within the MPE experiment. Complimentary TMII experiments revealed greater inhibition of mud crab feeding in response to stone crabs under sparse conditions. TMII experiments also implied that inhibition of mud crab feeding could have largely accounted for NCEs relative to oysters within the MPE experiment, as opposed to interference by other mud crabs or top predators. An inverse relationship between mud crab size and NCE strength in the TMII experiment disclosed another potentially destabilizing influence on the tri-trophic-cascade. Finally, although habitat complexity generally dampened the consumption of oysters across MPE treatments, complex habitat promoted mud crab feeding in the presence of toadfish alone. This study underscores how ecological interactions can mediate trophic cascades and provides some additional insights into the trophic dynamics of oyster reefs for further testing under natural conditions.
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Lubna, Mustanshirah, Nazma Begum, and Soofia Khatoon. "Infant Feeding Practices and Nutritional Status of Children of Less Than 1 Year." Bangladesh Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology 30, no. 2 (December 30, 2016): 74–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjog.v30i2.30895.
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Objective(s): To determine infant feeding practices along with the nutritional status of under 1 year children.Materials and Method: This descriptive type of cross sectional study was carried out in Department of Paediatrics of Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College Hospital during the period from July to December 2012 on 52 admitted children of 29 days to 1 year of age.Results: Exclusive breastfeeding was found in 19 (86.4%) cases in under 6 months age group and 3 (10.0%) cases in more than 6 months age group. Complementary feeding with breastfeeding was found in 76% of more than 6 months old infant. Majority patients in both groups received breastfeeding >8 times / 24 hour. Ninety five percent infants of ? 6 months of age who were on exclusive breastfeeding and eighty three percent infants of > 6 months who were on breastfeeding plus complementary feeding were in normal nutritional status.Conclusion: Exclusive breastfeeding in infants upto 6 months of age and breastfeeding with complimentary feeding in more than 6 months of age provided better nutritional status.Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2015; Vol. 30(2) : 74-79
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Munde, Kshitij K., and Sushma U. Save. "Complementary feeding practices in children aged 6-23 months: An institution-based observational study." Indian Journal of Child Health 8, no. 8 (September 5, 2021): 269–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.32677/ijch.v8i8.2976.
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Background: Inappropriate complementary feeding practices in children may lead to adverse consequences ranging from growth failure to mortality. Intervention programs intending to optimize the practices should be based on identification of the lacunae and on the assessment of the magnitude of the problem. Aim: The aim of the study was to determine appropriateness and adequacy of complementary feeding given to children aged 6?23 months. Materials and Methods: Data regarding demographic profile, maternal education, source of information for feeding, and details of complementary feeding provided in the last 24 h were obtained from caregivers, using the standard WHO questionnaire. Chi-square test was used for determining the association between optimal feeding practices and continued breastfeeding, age-group, maternal education, and source of information. Results: The study enrolled 480 children (mean age: 12.9+5.1 month; male: female=1.22:1). 225 children (46.87%) had minimum meal frequency and 66 (13.8%) had minimum dietary diversity, 41 (11.08%) were receiving minimum acceptable diet. Only 103 mothers (21.5%) obtained the information regarding recommended complementary feeding practices from health professionals. There was a significant association between health professional being the source of information and presence of adequate dietary diversity (p<0.01) and minimum acceptable diet (p<0.01). Conclusion: Complimentary feeding practices are inadequate and thus, require an intervention of healthcare providers with better involvement.
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Mohammad, Khalid, and Pratibha Gupta. "Study of acute diarrhoea among preschool children from below poverty line families of Lucknow district, North India." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 5, no. 9 (August 24, 2018): 4012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20183588.
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Background: Acute diarrheal illness remains one of the major causes of childhood morbidity and mortality especially among children under five in developing countries. Many of the risk factors for contracting diarrheal illnesses are associated with poverty, such as lacking access to safe water and sanitation, poor hygiene practices and unsafe human waste disposal. Objective of the study was to know the prevalence of acute diarrhoea and find out certain associated risk factors among preschool children from below poverty line family of Lucknow district.Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted using multistage sampling in rural and urban areas of Lucknow district from August, 2012 to July, 2013. Total 352 children aged 12-47 months from Below Poverty Line families were enrolled in this study. Mothers were interviewed after taking informed consent on pretested predesigned questionnaire.Results: A total of 352 children were participated in this study, of which 75 were suffering from acute diarrhea, thus giving a two-week prevalence of 21.3%. The main risk factors for acute diarrheal illness were found to be Unimproved/no toilet facility, unsafe disposal of children stool, having piped water supply, storage of drinking water at household level, not received complimentary feeding within specified period and no vitamin A supplementation.Conclusions: Approximately one-fifth of the children included in the study reported diarrheal disease. Building toilets and providing safe drinking water at the household level, interventions through effective health education of the community regarding appropriate complimentary feeding and immunization practices may reduce the burden of diarrhoea among these children.
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Singh, Geetika, and Mohan Lal. "Assessment of feeding practices and morbidity patterns of infants in a rural field practice area of Punjab: a longitudinal study." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 8, no. 4 (March 26, 2020): 1202. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20201053.
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Background: Faulty feeding practices and infections have a detrimental effect on an infant’s health. Although, breastfeeding is almost universal in India, rates of early initiation, Exclusive Breast Feeding (EBF) and timely complimentary feeds are far from desirable. This takes a heavy toll on their health and increases their susceptibility to develop several morbidities including Diarrhoea and Respiratory Tract Infections. Thus, this study was undertaken to assess the feeding practices and morbidity patterns of infants and to determine their association.Methods: It was a longitudinal study on a birth cohort of 99 infants in the rural field practice area of GMC, Amritsar who were followed up to 6 months of birth. Baseline data on sociodemographic profile and breast feeding was collected in the first visit. Weaning practices and any morbidity suffered during six months’ period were assessed at the follow up visit.Results: Breast feeding was initiated in majority 88.87% but it was delayed in more than half (54.02%) of infants. Customs like prelacteal feeding (76.8%) and discarding colostrum (50.57%) were quite prevalent. EBF was practiced by most 65.51%. In around a quarter of infants, delayed or faulty weaning was observed. Diarrhea was the commonest morbidity (49.09%) followed by ARI (32.73%). Significant association (p<0.05) was observed between the feeding practices and infant morbidities especially diarrhoea.Conclusions: Mothers should be educated more effectively regarding benefits of early and exclusive breast feeding and correct weaning practices. Emphasis should also be placed on increasing awareness in the community to bring about a significant change in the deleterious customs and traditions.
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Cameron, Jameason, and Éric Doucet. "Getting to the bottom of feeding behaviour: who’s on top?" Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 32, no. 2 (April 2007): 177–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h06-072.
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Traditionally there has been a tendency to focus on peripheral “bottom-up” feeding-related signals and their resulting downstream actions on hypothalamic centers when studying the feeding behaviour of animals. A problem with this hierarchal approach emerges especially with respect to acquiring a human model attempting to explain what is ultimately a distributed control of feeding and energy balance. This review focuses on illuminating the means by which we have come to understand the complexities of feeding, and takes the next step in an attempt to propose a distinctive “top-down” view of this composite behaviour. It is argued that in evolutionary terms humans demonstrate behaviours unique to all species as represented by an expanded forebrain and the resultant psychological “non-homeostatic” mediators of feeding. Emphasis is placed on a distributionist “two-tier” model, arguing that traditional short-term (cholescystokinin, ghrelin, peptide YY, glucagon-like peptide 1, etc.) and long-term (insulin and leptin) feeding signals may be actively suppressed by the nested nuclei and projections of cortical–limbic brain areas. It is the motivational state (dependent on depletion–repletion signals of hunger and satiety) that in turn has the capability to modulate how rewarding or how palatable a food item may be perceived; thus, both sides of the two-tiered model of feeding behaviour are complimentary and interdependent all at once. In the end, this paper is both commentary and critical review. This synthesis purports that as evolutionary processes spawned consciousness, the psychology of hunger and the present-day discordance of gene–environment interaction forever changed the feeding behaviour of Homo sapiens .
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Korday, Charusheela S., Ravindra K. Sharma, and Sushma Malik. "Assessment of nutritional status in children using WHO IYCF indicators: an institution based study." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 5, no. 3 (April 20, 2018): 783. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20181412.
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Background: Poor child feeding practices and sub-optimal breastfeeding have a detrimental effect on health of children less than 2 years of age. We studied the breastfeeding as well as the complementary feeding practices in the children <2 years of age in our tertiary institute with the help of the WHO2008 document, Indicators for assessing infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices.Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in asymptomatic children (< 2 years), in a tertiary care hospital using a pre-designed, validated WHO questionnaire for information regarding feeding practices.Results: The mean age in hours, for initiation of breastfeeding after birth was 3.92. Amongst the age group of 4-5 months, 72.9% (51/70) babies were exclusively breastfed and 86% (43/50) of infants aged 6–8 months received appropriate solid, semi-solid or soft food. Breastfeeding was continued in majority of the children in 90% in the age group of 12-15 months. Only 13 (7.5%) of 177 breastfed babies and only 4 (8.5%) out of 47 non-breastfed were receiving Minimal Acceptable Diet in the 6-23 months group.Conclusions: Although the results for the breastfeeding and weaning indicators were fairly good, there still exists a lack of knowledge about complimentary feeding practices which need to be drastically improved by appropriate health education and dietary advice.
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Obiora, Oluchukwu Loveth, Pauline O. Ezenduka, and Chuka Ifeanyi Umeonwuka. "Infant feeding practices among parturient women in rural communities of Anambra State, Nigeria." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 6, no. 8 (July 26, 2019): 3216. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20193432.
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Background: Infant feeding is an integral part of the reproductive process with important implications for the health of mothers and their babies. However, various practices exist in different communities. It is therefore pertinent to know the infant feeding practices among rural dwellers, as well as the factors that influence them.Methods: This study was a cross sectional survey. A total of 372 volunteering parturient women were recruited using a multi-stage stratified sampling technique. Ethical approval and respondents’ informed consent was obtained. A self-developed and validated questionnaire was used to collect data. Descriptive and inferential statistics was used to analyse data.Results: Findings revealed that majority (84.4%) of the respondents were aware of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), but only about half (50.5%) ever practiced exclusive breastfeeding. Also, a significant percentage of the respondents introduced complimentary feeding to the baby immediately after birth while 29.3% of participants reported drinking palm wine which is mainly alcoholic to stimulate breast milk secretion. Occupation of parturient women was associated with the practice of EBF (p=0.002).Conclusions: Almost half of our studied parturient women do not engage in EBF. There is need for health care workers to strategically educate parturient women and their significant others on the numerous benefits of exclusive breast feeding.
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Anjali, T. R., Shanavas Abbas, K. E. Elizabeth, and M. Leelakumari. "Association between breastfeeding practices and anemia in children aged 6-60 months." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 6, no. 5 (August 23, 2019): 2027. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20193718.
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Background: Anemia is one of the most common nutritional problems in India. Anemia is significantly influenced by dietary factors. Objective was to study the association between breast feeding practices and occurrence of moderate to severe anemia in children aged 6-60 months in relation to those without anemia, admitted to SAT Hospital.Methods: Case control study done at SAT Hospital. 85 moderates to severe anemic children and 85 non anemic children were enrolled in the study. Detailed history was taken including dietary history stressing infant and young child feeding practices. Physical examination was done including anthropometric measurements. Relevant haematological investigations were done.Results: Highest percentage of cases 76.4 % were from the age group 6 months to 24 months. Out of 85 cases 58.8% were with exclusive breastfeeding<6 months and among controls is 37.6%. Association of lack of exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months and anemia is statistically significant. Lack of timely introduction of complementary feeding, poor score for infant and young child feeding practices, male gender, lack of iron rich foods, small for gestational age babies were also significantly associated.Conclusions: Maximum number of anemic children were belonging to 6 months to 24 months, Lack of exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months was a major risk factor for developing anemia in children. Lack of timely introduction of complimentary feeding at 6 months and poor infant and young child feeding practices were significant risk factors for developing nutritional anemia.
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Ramachandra, Pradeep Musale, and Nayana Davanagere Hiremath. "Study of knowledge and attitude towards breastfeeding in antenatal mothers at Chamarajanagara Institute of Medical Sciences, Chamarajanagar, India." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 8, no. 7 (June 29, 2019): 2687. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20193025.
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Background: exclusive breast feeding practice is major pillar in preventing infant mortality. This study was undertaken to know the knowledge and attitude of antenatal mothers towards breast feeding.Methods: this is a cross sectional study in our hospital in which 264 antenatal mothers were included after verbal consent. Antenatal mothers were explained about the study, their knowledge and attitude regarding breast feeding is assessed by questionnaire. Study will be analysed by appropriate statistical analysis.Results: In total of 264 antenatal mothers, most of them were between 20-25 years, majority in third trimester. Among them 68.2% knows breast feeding should be initiated within first hour of delivery, 90.2% is for no prelacteal feeds and 95.8% wants to feed colostrum. Only 42.4% wants to continue breastfeeding for two years. About 62.9% of antenatal mothers wants to supplement the child with food after six months.81.8% knows breast feeding is not only helpful to the baby but also it prevents breast cancer in mother later in life. 21.2% wants to feed complimentary feeds as early as 3 months.Conclusions: our study on knowledge of breast feeding among antenatal mothers shown most of them are against prelacteal feeds and wants to feed colostrums, but initiation of breast feeding within first hour of birth and weaning after six months and continuation of breast milk up to two years is lagging. Multiple educational sessions, visual aids, pamphlets, electronic media, counseling during antenatal period and in early post natal period is necessary to inculcate appropriate knowledge on breast feeding.
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Surana, Amita U., Dorothy S. Sengupta, Harshal R. Chauhan, Hetal P. Budh, and Toral Gandhi. "Socio-demographic characteristics, breast feeding practices and household sanitation as risk factors for diarrhoeal illness in under five children." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 7, no. 3 (February 25, 2020): 635. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20200692.
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Background: Acute diarrhoeal disease among children under 5 years remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality. In India, diarrhoea attributes to 13% of under-5 mortality. As most diarrhoeal diseases have feco-oral route of transmission, the source of water supply, sanitary measures and personal hygiene are important factors in prevention of same. This study aims to determine various risk factors for diarrhoeal illnesses.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional observational case-control study done among under-5 children hospitalized during rainy months in paediatric ward of tertiary care centre. Information regarding participant’s age, sex, immunization status and breast feeding practices collected from the mother or caregiver of the child using a structured questionnaire.Results: Out of 55 cases and 55 controls enrolled, there was no significant difference in birth weight, gender, immunization status, socio economic profile, hygiene practices and sanitation facility between two groups. Statistically significant difference (p 0.01717) was seen in wasting associated with cases and controls however no difference in proportion of stunting was noted. The cases showed early age of start of complimentary feeding (5.86± 1.38m) and less duration of total breast feeding (15.94±4.09m) as compared to controls. Bottle feeding was seen in 69% cases as compared to 53% controls.Conclusions: In socio economically and environmentally similar conditions, faulty feeding is a significant risk factor for diarrhoeal illness in under 5 children. Wasting is also a significant risk factor associated with the same.
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Akteruzzaman, Mohammad, Shahana Parveen, Shafi Ahmed, Syeda Afroza, Rahat bin Habib, Mosammat Afroza Jinnat, and Sirajum Monira. "Complementary Feeding Practices Among Mothers of Rural Bangladesh; A Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Study." KYAMC Journal 11, no. 1 (May 17, 2020): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/kyamcj.v11i1.47147.
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Background. In developing countries, inadequate knowledge and cultural practice on complementary feeding (CF) is one of the main reasons for malnutrition.
Objective: This study aimed to document the knowledge, attitude, and practices pertaining to CF among the mothers of rural area in Bangladesh.
Materials and Methods: A communitybased cross-sectional study was conducted in upazila health complex, kachua, Chandpur from July to December, 2017. A total 408 mothers of the babies aged 6-24 months and children under six months were included. Data were collected from the mothers/caregivers of the children in a pretested semi-structured data collection sheet and analyzed by SPSS version 20. Appropriate statistical tests were done. Statistical significance was considered if p value was <0.05.
Results: Knowledge regarding recommended CF practice only 50.8% but feeding should be started at 6 months of age (52.9),thick consistency (40.2%), adequate quantity( 61.8%), and appropriate quality (62.3%) cases. Knowledge in recommended appropriate timing and consistency varied significantly with maternal education. Frequency of CF was not appropriate in many cases. Most common first complimentary food was thick dal with rice/roti, khichuri rice 166(40.7%). One hundred twenty four (30.4%) mothers did not properly clean their hands before feeding and 138(33.8%) of mother used bottle for feeding, force full feeding (56.9%) and environment during feeding playing 72.5% and roaming around 25.5%.
Conclusion: CF knowledge and practices are far gap from ideal in our country. Awareness building in the community may change improper feeding practices need health education.
KYAMC Journal Vol. 11, No.-1, April 2020, Page 26-31
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Sitali, Constance, Oswell Chakulimba, and Sophie Kasonde. "SUSTAINABILITY OF SCHOOL FEEDING PROGRAMME IN WESTERN ZAMBIA." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 8, no. 4 (May 14, 2020): 340–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v8.i4.2020.73.
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School Feeding Programme (SFP) is the provision of food to primary day-school children. It is an intervention designed to support the education of children living in poverty and food insecure areas. It is viewed as a potential safety net and social support measure that help keep children in school and make them learn. The study was designed to establish the sustainability of school feeding programme in Zambia with specific focus on Western Zambia. A descriptive survey design was used. The study employed both qualitative and quantitative research methods. The instruments that were used in data collection included questionnaires, interviews and focus group discussion guides. This research was conducted in nine of the sixteen districts of Western Zambia. The sample consisted of four hundred fifteen respondents drawn from the targeted population. Simple sampling and purposive sampling procedures were used to select the respondents. Qualitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics while qualitative data were done using the thematic approach. The findings of the study revealed that SFP in most schools was not sustainable because it relied mostly on external support and also showed that the challenges faced the implementation of SFP were diverse. Few Schools that revealed SF was sustainable attributed the sustainability to the school projects they were engaged in. It was also disclosed that Home Grown School Feeding (HGSF) was identified as the best option for effective and sustainable SFP. The study recommends the need for the government to revamp the production unit in all the schools; for correct assessment of local and national capacity, and the need for complimentary investment in local agricultural production to ensure smooth programme operation and sustainability.
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Rajasekar, Geetha. "Prevalence and factors associated with breastfeeding in a population with good literacy." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 4, no. 5 (April 24, 2017): 1652. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20171778.
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Background: Recent studies in the scientific world show that countries with high income levels and high maternal education have poorer breast feeding rates. This study was done in a population with good literacy with an objective to assess the knowledge, beliefs, practices, prevalence of breast feeding and factors associated with it among women with children less than two years of age.Methods: This was a cross sectional study done among 183 women at a tertiary hospital of south India in a population with female literacy 77% and male literacy 90%. Knowledge, beliefs and practices were assessed by validated questionnaire. Data entry and analysis were done with Epidata 3.1 and SPSS18 software.Results: The prevalence of early initiation of breast milk was 56.3% (95% CI: 48.98 to 63.62), colostrum to newborn 84.2 % (95% CI: 78.82 to 89.58),exclusive breast feeding (EBF)10.6% (95% CI: 6.02 to 15.18), predominant breast feeding 80.6% (95% CI: 74.72 to 86.48) and delayed complimentary feeding was 8.8% (95% CI: 4.58 to 13.02).Only 51% (95% CI: 42.92 to 57.68) had health professional guidance and among them only 29.34% (95% CI: 19.84 to 38.83) had received it after delivery. Lower segment caesarean section (LSCS) had 3.9 times (95% CI: 1.95 to 8.05) risk of late initiation of breast milk. Breast feeding information from relatives had protective effect from late initiation of breast milk with odds ratio 0.33 (95% CI: 0.16 to 0.66). Women who had not received health professional guidance had 3.5 times (95%CI: 1.13 to 11.00) risk of not practicing exclusive breast feeding.Conclusions: The knowledge and beliefs about breast feeding were encouraging. Inspite of good literacy women need guidance from health personnel for EBF. Mothers who had delivered by LSCS have to be given help to initiate breast feeding earlier.
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Arifin, Yulia, Masrul Masrul, and Hirowati Ali. "The Effect of Nutrition Counseling on Complementary Feeding Practice of Mothers Having Infant Aged 6-12 Month." Journal of Midwifery 4, no. 1 (September 18, 2019): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jom.4.1.66-77.2019.
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Nutrition plays an important role in the human life cycle. Nutrition surveillance in the form of Nutritional Status Monitoring in 2016 showed that 38.9% of children under five in Indonesia experienced nutritional problems. One of the efforts to improve the health and nutrition status of the baby is by improving the knowledge and attitude of the mother in giving complimentary food. This study aim is to know the effect of nutrition counseling on feeding practice of mothers having infant aged 6-12 month in pakan rabaa public health center area solok selatan district in 2018.The design of the study was quasi-experimental with the design of the control group pretest-posttest. The sample of this study was 46 experiment group and 46 control group. Sampling was done by Purposive Sampling technique. Data analysis using the chi-square testThe results of the study were the absence of nutritional counseling on knowledge of mothers with p-value 0.361, there was an effect of nutritional counseling on changes in maternal attitudes with p-value of 0,000 and there was also the effect of nutritional counseling on complementary feeding practice with p-value 0.004.The presence of the influence of nutritional counseling on attitudes and practices of complementary feeding. Health workers are expected to be able to spend time giving counseling about complementary feeding practice regularly so that the goal of counseling at the public health center can be achieved.
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Inklebarger J, James Inklebarger J. "Enhanced Wound Healing With Caloric Restriction, Refeeding, And Intermittent Fasting: Dietary Strategies In Support Of Bioproliferative Injection Therapies." International Journal of Medical Science and Clinical invention 7, no. 09 (September 18, 2020): 5017–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijmsci/v7i09.013.
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ABSTRACT:
Caloric restriction followed by re-feeding (CRRF), Intermittent fasting (IF) and ketogenic diets (KD) are known to be supportive of wound healing in animal models. Evidence also suggests that injections of bio-proliferative solutions (prolotherapy) in combination with functional range of motion exercises also promote tissue regeneration via wound healing mechanisms. Intermittent fasting and Ketogenic diets also favor wound healing, and may therefore synergistically support the regenerative effects of prolotherapy.
A systemic review of Pubmed, Google Scholar, and other databases was conducted. Though no published sources directly linking these types of diets to an enhanced bio-proliferative injection response were identified, several studies did demonstrate that bio-regenerative responses of CRRF diets and prolotherapy share a common wound-healing pathway. However, further research would be required to confirm and quantify if KD, CRRF, or IF diets are complimentary to prolotherapy.
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Kandel, Kamal Prasad, and Sindhu Kafle. "Knowledge, attitude and practice on infant and young child feeding practices (IYCF) in Raksirang, Makwanpur, Nepal." Journal of Chitwan Medical College 8, no. 4 (December 31, 2018): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v8i4.23767.
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Nepal is one of the developing Countries in the South Asia. Early childhood is very important and the crucial period for the proper physical, mental and emotional development. Therefore child should be looked especially at this period. In Nepal, child below two years are suffering from malnutrition the most.
The initiation of breastfeeding within one hour of birth has numerous nutritional and immunological benefits and has been found to reduce neonatal mortality. An improper feeding practice among young children particularly 6-23 months is a major cause of malnutrition. Thus, the present study has been focused on feeding practices of fewer than two years children. The study was quantitative study. Main objective of the study was to know the feeding practices of under two years children after implementation of Baal Vita(Sprinkles) program in Raksirang VDC of Makwanpur district. Questionnaire was related to the Baal Vita(Sprinkles) program, Breastfeeding practices and Complimentary feeding practices.
Altogether 132 mothers were taken for the study. The structured questionnaire was developed, pretested and used to collect the information. After the collection of data, it was analyzed by using SPSS 17.0.Also the data was presented in different tables to make it more clear and specific.
Among 132 of the respondent, majority of the respondent were aged between21-25 years. 37.88% mothers were illiterate and only 1.52% had secondary level education. Some of the respondents were pregnant before the age 20 years. One of the mother was give birth to her child at age of 15 years.68.18% respondent had first Breastfed their child with in 1 hour of birth. Colostrum feeding was seen not good. This study found Still practice of squeezing colostrum. Current breastfeeding practice is seen good. About 88.64% of the respondent had started giving complementary food in correct time.
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Sheikh, Nurnabi, Raisul Akram, Nausad Ali, SM Raysul Haque, Shabareen Tisha, Rashidul Alam Mahumud, Abdur Razzaque Sarker, and Marufa Sultana. "Infant and young child feeding practice, dietary diversity, associated predictors, and child health outcomes in Bangladesh." Journal of Child Health Care 24, no. 2 (June 3, 2019): 260–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367493519852486.
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The aim of this study was to explore the association of Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) practices with health and nutritional status among children aged 0–23 months and to investigate the predictors of minimum acceptable diets (MADs) using Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) data. Binary logistic regression models were performed to assess the association between IYCF and child health and to determine the influential predictors for MAD. About 55% mothers reported exclusive breastfeeding; 65% introduced solid, semisolid, or soft foods for their child; and 27% maintained minimum dietary diversity (MDD). About 64% children received recommended minimum meal frequency (MMF) and 23% received recommended MAD. The likelihood of having wasting was .22 times lower for the child who received MDD and MMF, respectively. MDD and MAD were associated with lower probability of experiencing underweight among children (Adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = .73 and AOR= .81, respectively). Early initiation and continuation of breastfeeding were significantly associated with reduction in diarrhea prevalence among young children. The findings of the study generated imperative evidence related to dietary diversity, associated factors, and child health outcomes. Policy should focus on the improvement of IYCF practices and complimentary food diversity by taking initiatives for designing and implementing effective interventions to tackle childhood morbidity.
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Satija, Mahesh, Sarit Sharma, Anurag Chaudhary, Pushapindra Kaushal, and Sangeeta Girdhar. "Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices in a Rural Area of North India." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 6, no. 6 (May 12, 2015): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i6.12067.
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Background: Infant and young child feeding practices directly affect the nutritional status of children under two years of age and, ultimately, impact child survival. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the WHO infant and child feeding indicators in a rural area of Ludhiana, Punjab, India. Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted in fifteen villages of Ludhiana district under rural health training centre of Department of Community Medicine, Dayan and Medical College & Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab. The data was obtained from mothers/primary caregivers of 813 living children 0-23 months of age group and information about seven core and three optional WHO infant and young child feeding indicators was collected using WHO questionnaire. Prevalence estimates with 95% confidence interval were calculated. A Χ2 test and Odds Ratio (OR) with 95% CI was calculated wherever required. Results: Only 56.7% of infants were put to breast within one hour of birth, while three fourths of infants younger than 6 months were exclusively breastfed. About seventy percent of children aged 12-15 months and 54.7% of children 20-23 months continued breastfeeding at 1 & 2 years respectively. Almost all the children born in the last 23 months were ever breastfed. Nearly ninety percent of infants 6-8 months of age were fed with complimentary foods at the recommended daily frequency. Conclusion: To improve breastfeeding practices, health education needs to be strengthened for target population having sub-optimal breastfeeding indicators. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i6.12067Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(6) 2015 60-65
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Copeland, Sara. "The Infant Microbiome." Clinical Lactation 8, no. 4 (2017): 153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/2158-0782.8.4.153.
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The beneficial flora inhabiting the intestinal tract of an infant is extremely important for health, both in the short and long term. The establishment and further development of a healthy gut microbiome is a complicated interaction of factors in the infant. There are many elements that influence the development of the gut flora that extend beyond birth method and type of feeding. Maternal antibiotic use during pregnancy and during delivery is a common practice and can decrease the diversity of friendly biota in the mother and therefore decrease the amount and variety introduced to the infant. Antibiotic use in the mother while breastfeeding also has implications for health and diversity of the infant’s gut bacteria because varying amounts of antibiotic medications transfer into breast milk. The use of probiotics is a common complimentary therapy that is used for a wide variety of reasons and is frequently used during pregnancy and lactation.
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Bhat, Abdus Sami, Umer Amin Qureshi, Waseeqa Nigeen, Iram Bashir, and Shagufta Khursheed. "Clinicoepidemiological and laboratory profile of children with severe acute malnutrition admitted to a tertiary care centre." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 7, no. 5 (April 24, 2020): 966. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20201499.
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Background: Severe Acute Malnutrituon (SAM) is a form of malnutrition where there is an imminent threat of death to the child. The chances of complications are very high and in most case child requires hospitalization for stabilization and rehabiliatation. Objective of study the clinicoepidemiological and laboratory profile of children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) admitted to a Nutritional Rehabilitation Centre (NRC) of our hospital.Methods: A retrospective chart review of admitted patients. Nutritional Rehabilitation centre (NRC) at GB Pant Hospital Government Medical College Srinagar over a one year period between June 2017 and June 2018.Results: Total of 187 patients of SAM was admitted in NRC during the study period. One hundred and eight (57.7%) were males and 79(42.3%) were females .Patients were equally among various districts. Infants (<12months) constituted the majority of admissions (54.5%). Marasmus was by far the commonest phenotype presenting as SAM (85.5%).Respiratory comorbidity was the commonest present in about 41 (26.3%) followed by daiarrhea in 32(20.5%). Delayed initiation of complimentary feeding was found in 75(40.1%) while early weaning was found in another 55 children (29.4%). Birth order more than three was present in 92 children (49%). Mother’s literacy status had a direct bearing on the prevalence of SAM. Most of the children were from rural background (75%).Most belonged to low economic and income class as around 65.2% had a very meager family income.Conclusions: SAM is more common in Infants and in children from rural background. It is highly associated with faulty feeding practices including lack of breast feeding and presence of mixed and faulty feeding. It is also associated with increasing birth order, low maternal education and low family income Pneumonia and diarrhea are leading comorbidities. Hypoglycemia and hypothermia are leading complications. Marasmus is the commonest phenotype.
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O'Sullivan, Kevin. "‘Ah, Ireland, the caring nation’: foreign aid and Irish state identity in the long 1970s." Irish Historical Studies 38, no. 151 (May 2013): 476–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021121400001607.
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On a plane leaving Baidoa refugee camp in Somalia in late 1992, an Arab doctor offered John O'Shea, head of the relief agency Goal, a glimpse of how the Irish were viewed in that civil war-ravaged state. ‘Ah, Ireland’, he remarked on learning of O'Shea's country of origin, ‘the caring nation’. He had reason to be complimentary. In addition to the aid agencies and aid workers involved in the ongoing relief effort, Somalia had recently hosted two highprofile visitors from the Irish state. In August 1992 the minister for Foreign Affairs, David Andrews, spent three days in the country to view at first-hand its escalating civil war. He was followed less than two months later by President Mary Robinson, whose arrival at Baidoa on 2 October marked the beginning of a tour – the first by a Western head of state – of the feeding stations and refugee camps that provided succour to those displaced by the conflict.
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Nurhalina, Nurhalina, Dwi Purbayanti, Rinny Ardina, and Muhammad Fitriyanto. "Pengaruh Pemberian MP-ASI terhadap Tingkat Morbiditas Anak di Indonesia (Analisis Data SDKI Tahun 2017)." Jurnal Surya Medika 5, no. 2 (February 28, 2020): 160–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.33084/jsm.v5i2.1324.
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The results of the 2017 IDHS show that the level of child morbidity in Indonesia is still quite high with the main symptoms found are ARI, diarrhea, and fever. Meanwhile, 43% of infants do not get breast milk, 48% do not get exclusive breastfeeding and 60% of children receive food not in accordance with WHO recommendations. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of feeding patterns on the level of child morbidity in Indonesia by analyzing the IDHS data in 2017. The method was a cross-sectional study. The population was women of childbearing age realized in the 2017 IDHS and sample who had children aged = 2 years and having sick during the survey period. The sample was excluded if the children had died or lived with other people and had a history of birth weight <2500 gram. Data analysis using chi-square test and multivariate analysis with logistic regression. The results showed that the pattern of giving complimentary food (p-value = 0.033 and OR=1.214) influenced the level of child morbidity in Indonesia.
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Rahmiati, Baiq Fitria, Nurul Hidayah, Junendri Ardian, M. Thontowi Jauhari, and Wenny Wijaya. "Workshop Menu MP-ASI untuk Menjaga Status Gizi Balita di Kota Mataram." ADMA : Jurnal Pengabdian dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat 1, no. 2 (January 30, 2021): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.30812/adma.v1i2.1004.
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Basic Health Research Data 2018 states that the prevalence of malnutrition in infants is 18.8%. MPASI, complimentary food to breast milk, is food or drink containing nutrients, given to babies or infants aged 6-24 months, and given in stages according to the age and digestive capacity of the babies or infants to meet their nutritional needs other than breast milk. This dedication aims to improve the nutritional status of infants under five years old by providing nutrition education to mothers of children under five related to the provision of complementary feeding recommended by WHO. The method used is counseling to 30 mothers of toddlers in Mataram City. The results of the community service activity show that there is an increase related to participants’ knowledge of complementary foods, solving problems for children who do not want to eat, and an increase in commitment to make complementary foods according to those recommended by WHO. The conclusion of this dedication is an increase in knowledge and willingness of mothers to provide food in accordance with WHO recommendations.
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Wahyuhandani, Eriza, and Trias Mahmudiono. "Hubungan Pengetahuan Gizi dan Pekerjaan Ibu Terhadap Pemberian MP-ASI Dini di Puskesmas Telaga Biru Kota Pontianak Tahun 2014." Amerta Nutrition 1, no. 4 (December 27, 2017): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/amnt.v1i4.2017.300-307.
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Background : Giving the complementary foods is the determinant of optimal growth in children. A preliminary study in Telaga Biru Health centre showed that 10 out of 15 mothers has given her baby complementary food in early time, due to unknown factors, 3 out of 10 mothers who did were caused by working. It can be assumed that there is an influence of knowledge and mother’s work with early complimentary food giving. Objective : The goal of this research was to examine the relationship between the knowledge and the work of the mothers of 0-6 months aged babies towards giving early complementary foods in Telaga Biru Health centre, Pontianak.Methods: This is an observational analytic study with cross-sectional study design. The research population was all mothers whose babies ranged between 0-6 months in age within the work area of Telaga Biru Community Health Center of Pontianak City. Samples were obtained using simple random sampling technique with total 64 respondents. Statistic test used was linier regression with (α=0.05).Results: The result of the research showed that there was no relationship between the mother’s work through early complementary foods giving ( p=0.525), but in addition, there was a relationship between the knowledge through with early complementary feeding giving (p=0.003). This situation is evidence by the mother who has low knowledge, 69.2% giving thier baby complementary food in early time. The mother who has moderate knowledge, 33.3% giving their baby complementary food in early time, and the mother who has good knowledge was only 12.5% giving their baby complementary food in early time. Conclusion: The knowledge of mothers affects the early giving of complimentary food in breastfeeding. The higher the mother’s knowledge, the lesser likely the mother will give the early food complimentary in breastfeeding because mothers will apply their knowledge in giving the right food pattern for the babies. Therefore, it is needed to increase the level of knowledge of mothers to give the right complimentary food suited to the babies’ growth.ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Pemberian makanan pendamping ASI merupakan salah satu faktor yang dapat mengoptimalkan tumbuh kembang anak. Hasil studi pendahuluan di puskesmas Telaga Biru Kota Pontianak menunjukan bahwa 10 dari 15 ibu telah memberikan MP-ASI secara dini kepada bayi karena faktor ketidaktahuan serta 3 diantara 10 ibu tersebut merupakan ibu bekerja. Dapat diasumsikan bahwa pengetahuan dan pekerjaan ibu mempengaruhi pemberian MP- ASI dini.Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan dan pekerjaan ibu dengan pemberian makanan pendamping ASI secara dini di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Telaga Biru kota Pontianak.Metode: Jenis penelitian observasional analitik dengan rancangan penelitian cross sectional. Populasi penelitian yaitu seluruh ibu yang mempunyai bayi usia 0-6 bulan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Telaga Biru Kota Pontianak. Sample diambil dengan teknik simple random sampling dengan besar sampel sebanyak 64 orang. Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah regresi linier (α=0,05).Hasil : Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan antara pekerjaan ibu dengan pemberian MP-ASI dini(P = 0,525 > 0,05), namun terdapat hubungan antara pengetahuan ibu dengan pemberian MP-ASI dini (P = 0,003 < 0,05). Hal ini dilihat dari ibu yang berpengetahuan kurang 69,2% memberikan MP-ASI dini. Ibu yang berpengetahuan cukup 33,30% memberikan MP-ASI dini, dan ibu yang berpengetahuan baik hanya 12,5% memberikan MP-ASI dini. .Kesimpulan: Pengetahuan ibu berpengaruh terhadap pemberian MP-ASI dini. Semakin baik pengetahuan maka ibu tidak akan memberikan MP-ASI dini karena ibu akan menerapkan pengetahuannya dalam membentuk pola makan yang benar pada bayi. Oleh karena itu diperlukan upaya peningkatan pengetahuan kepada ibu mengenai cara pemberian MP-ASI yang tepat.
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Wahyuhandani, Eriza, and Trias Mahmudiono. "Hubungan Pengetahuan Gizi dan Pekerjaan Ibu Terhadap Pemberian MP-ASI Dini di Puskesmas Telaga Biru Kota Pontianak Tahun 2014." Amerta Nutrition 1, no. 4 (December 27, 2017): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/amnt.v1i4.7142.
Full textAbstract:
Background : Giving the complementary foods is the determinant of optimal growth in children. A preliminary study in Telaga Biru Health centre showed that 10 out of 15 mothers has given her baby complementary food in early time, due to unknown factors, 3 out of 10 mothers who did were caused by working. It can be assumed that there is an influence of knowledge and mother’s work with early complimentary food giving. Objective : The goal of this research was to examine the relationship between the knowledge and the work of the mothers of 0-6 months aged babies towards giving early complementary foods in Telaga Biru Health centre, Pontianak.Methods: This is an observational analytic study with cross-sectional study design. The research population was all mothers whose babies ranged between 0-6 months in age within the work area of Telaga Biru Community Health Center of Pontianak City. Samples were obtained using simple random sampling technique with total 64 respondents. Statistic test used was linier regression with (α=0.05).Results: The result of the research showed that there was no relationship between the mother’s work through early complementary foods giving ( p=0.525), but in addition, there was a relationship between the knowledge through with early complementary feeding giving (p=0.003). This situation is evidence by the mother who has low knowledge, 69.2% giving thier baby complementary food in early time. The mother who has moderate knowledge, 33.3% giving their baby complementary food in early time, and the mother who has good knowledge was only 12.5% giving their baby complementary food in early time. Conclusion: The knowledge of mothers affects the early giving of complimentary food in breastfeeding. The higher the mother’s knowledge, the lesser likely the mother will give the early food complimentary in breastfeeding because mothers will apply their knowledge in giving the right food pattern for the babies. Therefore, it is needed to increase the level of knowledge of mothers to give the right complimentary food suited to the babies’ growth.ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Pemberian makanan pendamping ASI merupakan salah satu faktor yang dapat mengoptimalkan tumbuh kembang anak. Hasil studi pendahuluan di puskesmas Telaga Biru Kota Pontianak menunjukan bahwa 10 dari 15 ibu telah memberikan MP-ASI secara dini kepada bayi karena faktor ketidaktahuan serta 3 diantara 10 ibu tersebut merupakan ibu bekerja. Dapat diasumsikan bahwa pengetahuan dan pekerjaan ibu mempengaruhi pemberian MP- ASI dini.Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan dan pekerjaan ibu dengan pemberian makanan pendamping ASI secara dini di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Telaga Biru kota Pontianak.Metode: Jenis penelitian observasional analitik dengan rancangan penelitian cross sectional. Populasi penelitian yaitu seluruh ibu yang mempunyai bayi usia 0-6 bulan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Telaga Biru Kota Pontianak. Sample diambil dengan teknik simple random sampling dengan besar sampel sebanyak 64 orang. Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah regresi linier (α=0,05).Hasil : Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan antara pekerjaan ibu dengan pemberian MP-ASI dini(P = 0,525 > 0,05), namun terdapat hubungan antara pengetahuan ibu dengan pemberian MP-ASI dini (P = 0,003 < 0,05). Hal ini dilihat dari ibu yang berpengetahuan kurang 69,2% memberikan MP-ASI dini. Ibu yang berpengetahuan cukup 33,30% memberikan MP-ASI dini, dan ibu yang berpengetahuan baik hanya 12,5% memberikan MP-ASI dini. .Kesimpulan: Pengetahuan ibu berpengaruh terhadap pemberian MP-ASI dini. Semakin baik pengetahuan maka ibu tidak akan memberikan MP-ASI dini karena ibu akan menerapkan pengetahuannya dalam membentuk pola makan yang benar pada bayi. Oleh karena itu diperlukan upaya peningkatan pengetahuan kepada ibu mengenai cara pemberian MP-ASI yang tepat.
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Shettiwar, Shweta, and Minal Wade. "Correlates of picky eating behaviour in children and its effect on growth." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 6, no. 6 (October 21, 2019): 2444. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20194547.
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Background: Picky eating is common in preschool-aged children. Children’s picky eating behaviour has been linked both to being overweight and underweight. Authors objectives was to study the factors associates of picky eating behaviour on growth and nutritional status of children.Methods: A Cross-sectional study done in 200 parents of children between 1-5 year age visiting outpatient department. Picky eating behaviours were assessed using questions from children eating behaviour questionnaire.Results: In the study, the estimated prevalence rate was 25%, maximum 38% at 49 to 60 months. 26% of subjects with picky eating behaviour had height for age <-3SD (severely stunted) 38% of subjects with picky eating behaviour had weight for height <-3SD (severely wasted) as compared to only 4% in non-picky eating behaviour subjects. Low birth weight and exclusive breast feeding for less than 6 month, were found to be significant risk factor for development of picky eating behaviour, while no significant association was seen with the time of introduction of semisolid complimentary feeds.Conclusions: Picky eating is major parental concern and impacts growth of children. The children with picky eating behaviours need to be monitored for growth.
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Abeway, Shiferaw, Bereket Gebremichael, Rajalakshmi Murugan, Masresha Assefa, and Yohannes Mehretie Adinew. "Stunting and Its Determinants among Children Aged 6–59 Months in Northern Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study." Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 2018 (June 25, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1078480.
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Background. Stunting reflects chronic undernutrition during the most critical periods of growth and development in early life. The study was aimed at assessing the magnitude of stunting and associated factors among children aged 6–59 month in central Ethiopia. Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 410 children aged between 6 and 59 months. Systematic random sampling technique was employed to select study participants. Interviewer-administered structured questionnaire was used to collect data. The data were entered using EPI INFO version 3.5.1, and analysis was done by SPSS version 21 and ENA, 2007 software for anthropometric calculation. World Health Organization standard 2006 was used to analyse anthropometric data. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were also carried out to identify predictors of stunting. Statistical significance was declared at p<0.05 and 95% CI. Results. Overall magnitude of stunting was 52.4 (95% CI: 47.6–57.2). Being female (AOR: 2.8, 95% CI: 1.503–5.099), belonging to age group of 25–59 months (AOR: 4, 95% CI: 1.881–8.424) and birth weight of <2.5 kg (AOR: 5, 95% CI: 1.450–17.309), mothers' lack of ANC visits (AOR: 3.2 95% CI: 1.40–7.10), and mistimed complementary feeding initiation (AOR: 2.4, 95% CI: 1.266–4.606) were positively associated with child stunting, whereas educational status of the mother (AOR: 0.01, 95% CI: 0.001–0.063) showed negative association. Conclusion. Stunting was a highly prevalent problem in the study area. Low weight at birth, female sex, older age, mistimed initiation of complimentary feeding, and mothers’ lack of ANC visit were found to have significant relation with children’s chronic malnutrition. Thus, interventions shall effectively address those factors to alleviate the problem.
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Arora, S. "MON-PO594: To Study the Impact of Complimentary Feeding Practices on Nutritional Status and Speech of 12 to 36 Month Old Children :Observational Study in Northern India." Clinical Nutrition 38 (September 2019): S279—S280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0261-5614(19)32427-6.
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Meena, Jeewan S., Soumitra Sethia, Vivek Nagar, Aditya Thakur, Vishwanath Aarutagi, and Sharad Tiwari. "A comparative study of breast feeding and complimentary food practices in catchment area of urban and rural health centres of Community Medicine Department, Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 5, no. 8 (July 23, 2018): 3293. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20182971.
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Background: Scientific research has clearly proved that breastfeeding provides the most suitable nutrition to the baby, protects against infections, allergies, promotes physical, physiological, motor-mental and psycho-social growth and development. Also it benefits the mother in various ways like reducing anemia and breast and ovarian cancers and helps in fertility control. The study was conducted to assess and compare the knowledge and practice regarding breastfeeding among mothers of infants in urban and rural area.Methods: This community based descriptive cross sectional study on 450 mothers of infant (0-12 completed months) residing in six wards of urban health centre and twenty three villages of block of rural health centre of Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal. Study was undertaken for the period of 1 year (November 2016 to October 2017). Study participants were interviewed by home visits using semi structured questionnaire.Results: Maximum mothers 40% in rural and 35.1% mothers in urban area age group 21-23 year. 39.1% mothers in rural area provided colostrums to their child compared to 50.6% in urban areas (p=0.0178). In rural area 60% mothers gave breast milk to their child on demand, 25% within 1-2 hours & 15.1% within 2-3 hours. In urban area 80% mothers gave breast milk on demand, 12.8% within 1-2 hours & rest within 2-3 hours.Conclusions: There was significant difference in breastfeeding practices in rural and urban area. Breastfeeding on demand was found to be more in urban area as compared to rural area.
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Setyaningsih, Fifin Triana Enita, and Farapti Farapti. "Hubungan Kepercayaan dan Tradisi Keluarga pada Ibu Menyusui dengan Pemberian ASI Eksklusif di Kelurahan Sidotopo, Semampir, Jawa Timur." Jurnal Biometrika dan Kependudukan 7, no. 2 (February 11, 2019): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jbk.v7i2.2018.160-167.
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Exclusive breastfeeding is one effort made to suppress infant mortality rate. The failure of exclusive breastfeeding practices is closely related to the behavior of breastfeeding. Social culture brings about traditions and beliefs that are often used as guidelines for behavior in the community. Belief has formed into a thing that is beliefed and will be the basis for a person to behave. Tradition is obtained through generations and become individual habits. The purpose of this study is to assess the relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and belief and tradition.This is an analytic research with cross sectional approach. Random sampling technique was used. The population was all breastfeeding mothers who had babies aged 6-12months. The sample obtained were 57respondents. The variables studied were breast feeding mothers’ beliefs and traditions on exclusive breastfeeding. Beliefs about giving complimentary foods to infants and the breastfeeding-related traditions in the community were associated with the implementation of exclusive breastfeeding. Data analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between belief (p value = 0,045) and tradition (p value = 0,019) with exclusive breastfeeding in RW XI of Kelurahan Sidotopo. In conclusion, there is a relationship between belief and tradition in society with practice of exclusive breastfeeding. It is recommended that all sectors address belief and traditions in the effort to support exclusive breastfeeding programs.
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Richert, Jacob A., Jorge Y. P. Palencia, Clayton S. Chastain, Morgan T. Thayer, Brian T. Richert, and Jim L. Nelssen. "PSVI-14 Interactive effects of Cordyceps mushroom powder and carbadox on nursery pig performance." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_2 (July 2019): 207–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz122.365.
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Abstract The objective was to evaluate the independent and additive effects of Cordyceps mushroom powder and carbadox to pharmacological copper+zinc in nursery pig diets. Two hundred-ten crossbred weanling pigs [(Duroc × (York × Landrace)] avg. 19 d of age and 5.8 kg were used in a 33 day growth trial. Pigs were alloted by weight, sex, ancestry, and assigned to body weight (BW) blocks. Within BW blocks, sex ratios were constant in each pen. Pen was the experimental unit and growth performance was analyzed using BW, ADG, ADFI, and G:F. There were 7 pigs/pen and 6 pens/treatment. Treatments were: 1) a negative diet (NC); 2) positive control (PC; Carbadox, 55 ppm); 3) NC+300 ppm Cordyceps mushroom powder (NC+MP); 4) PC +300 ppm mushroom(PC+MP); 5) supplemental copper sulfate (125 ppm) and zinc oxide (3000 ppm d 0-7, 2000 ppm d 7-35), CuZn. Dietary treatments were fed in a four-phase feeding program (d0-7, d7-14, d14-21, and d21-33). There were no interactions between MP and Carbadox at any time point (P > 0.10). Pigs fed the PC, PC+MP and CuZn treatment had increased BW (P < 0.05), ADG (P < 0.05), ADFI (P < 0.10) and G:F (P < 0.05) over the NC at the end of phases 1, 2, and 3, with no main effect of MP treatment. During Phase 4, pigs fed MP, PC, and CuZn diets all had increased ADG (P < 0.05; 431, 477, 455, 505, 486 g/d, diet 1-5, respectively) and ADFI (P < 0.05) over the NC fed pigs. Overall, d0-33, PC diets and CuZn supplemented pigs had increased ADG (P < 0.05) and ADFI (P < 0.05), with pigs fed MP tending to have increased ADFI (P < 0.08) over NC fed pigs. Feeding nursery pigs pharmacological levels of Cu+Zn and carbadox have economical value to increase nursery pig performance with MP may increase pig ADFI and final BW through potentially complimentary modes of action.
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Asma, MN Fahmida, Fouzia Yesmin, and Musarrat Haque. "Breastfeeding Practices Among Women in a Selected Rural Area." Journal of Preventive and Social Medicine 39, no. 2 (April 25, 2021): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jopsom.v39i2.53166.
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Background: Breast milk is the only source of nutrition freely available to the newborn from the mother. Breast feeding is the fundamental right of every child. It is the safest, least allergic and best infant feeding method. Absence of breastfeeding significantly increases the risk for a large number of acute and chronic diseases. WHO recommends the practice of exclusive breastfeeding as an essential component of infant nourishment. This present study was conducted to find out the breastfeeding practice among the women of rural areas of Bangladesh.
Methods: This cross-sectional type of descriptive study was carried out from October, 2015 to April, 2016 in Kaliakair Upazila under the district of Gajipur. Seven hundred and eighty mothers having children between 6-24 months’ age group were interviewed. Data were collected by face-to-face interview with the respondents through a pretested semi structured questionnaire. The study place was selected conveniently and the sampling technique was purposive type of non-probability sampling.
Results: The mean age of the respondents was 24 (±4.493) years and the mean age of the children was 16.84 (±5.766) months. The majority (44%) of the respondents belonged to the education level of class VI-X. Most (93.6%) of the respondents were housewives. Around two-third (63.9%) of the mothers were from nuclear families while one-third (36.1%) were from joint families. Majority (55.4%) of the respondents were from middle income group (10,001- 30,000 Tk. monthly income). Among all, 91% had knowledge about the importance of breastfeeding. Most (98.8%) of the mothers breastfed their babies. Among the breastfed mothers, 55.6% practiced exclusive breastfeeding. And colostrum was given by 95.5% mothers. Lack of knowledge and superstition was the main causes not proving colostrum. Breastfeeding was started right after birth by 73.7% mothers while 24.3% started within 5 days. More than half of the mothers continued to breastfeed beyond 16 months. Among the mother without exclusive breastfeeding, 44.4% gave various types of additional food to their babies including powder milk (57%), cow's milk, shuji, water and some other food, the main reason for giving additional food was insufficiency of breast milk (82.2%). Most (90.6%) of the mothers started complimentary feeding between 6-10 months of age.
Conclusion: In depth community based epidemiological studies may be carried out by covering the whole population to explore the situation in detail.
JOPSOM 2020; 39(2): 50-58
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Toual, Belgacem, Lakhdar Mokrani, Abdellah Kouzou, and Mohamed Machmoum. "Power Quality and Capability Enhancement of a Wind-Solar-Battery Hybrid Power System." Periodica Polytechnica Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 64, no. 2 (January 7, 2020): 115–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppee.14437.
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The Adrar site located in the south of Algeria, presents the most important windy and sunny site in Algeria that can be exploited. In this context for the exploitation of the two complimentary sources of this site (wind and sun) based on the meteorological data, the present paper focuses on the study of a Hybrid System (HS) based on an interconnection between a Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS) and a Photovoltaic System (PVS) which is planted in the DC-link bus of the back-to-back converter feeding the Double Feed Induction Generator (DFIG) rotor of the WECS. The objective of using this proposed coupling topology is to exploit the two available complementary renewable sources in the same time, to enhance the exploitation rate of the un-resized WECS back-to-back converter which remains at low power in the weak wind case or in the synchronism case and to eliminate the PVS inverter. Consequently the overall cost of the HS can be reduced. On the other side, to solve the energy quality problem; a modified MPPT mode control technique is proposed and compared with two other conventional techniques, the first one uses the PVS to offset only the WECS power rapid fluctuations and the second one uses a Battery Storage Unit (BSU) to ensure the produced energy smoothing. This BSU plays also an interesting role to store the surplus of energy when the maximum power level of the WECS converter is reached in case of wind and/or irradiation abundances.