Academic literature on the topic 'Component PASCAL'
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Journal articles on the topic "Component PASCAL"
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JANVRESSE, É., T. DE LA RUE, and Y. VELENIK. "SELF-SIMILAR CORRECTIONS TO THE ERGODIC THEOREM FOR THE PASCAL-ADIC TRANSFORMATION." Stochastics and Dynamics 05, no. 01 (March 2005): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219493705001250.
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Let T be the Pascal-adic transformation. For any measurable function g, we consider the corrections to the ergodic theorem [Formula: see text] When seen as graphs of functions defined on {0,…,ℓ - 1}, we show for a suitable class of functions g that these quantities, once properly renormalized, converge to (part of) the graph of a self-affine function. The latter only depends on the ergodic component of x, and is a deformation of the so-called Blancmange function. We also briefly describe the links with a series of works on Conway recursive $10,000 sequence.
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Gusev, Sergey. "THE SYSTEM OF REGISTRATION OF PARAMETERS OF HIGH-VOLTAGE ACCELERATORS WHEN THE MAXIMUM OPERATING VOLTAGE." Applied Mathematics and Control Sciences, no. 1 (March 30, 2019): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/2499-9873/2019.1.05.
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The purpose of this work is the development of software and hardware, their further implementation into the system as a separate component of the whole system, and ultimately – the conduct of physical experiments on the accelerator on the cascade generator KG-2.5 with the registration of the main parameters in real time. Development of software in the language Turbo Pascal 7.1 and the introduction of IBM PC into the system makes it possible to transfer the system to a partial automatic mode of the accelerator, and then further improvement of the system will completely transfer it to full automatic mode.
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Huneman, Philippe. "From a religious view of madness to religious mania: the Encyclopédie, Pinel, Esquirol." History of Psychiatry 28, no. 2 (February 9, 2017): 147–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957154x17690301.
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This paper focuses on the shift from a concept of insanity understood in terms of religion to another (as entertained by early psychiatry, especially in France) according to which it is believed that forms of madness tinged by religion are difficult to cure. The traditional religious view of madness, as exemplified by Pascal (inter alia), is first illustrated by entries from the Encyclopédie. Then the shift towards a medical view of madness, inspired by Vitalistic physiology, is mapped by entries taken from the same publication. Firmed up by Pinel, this shift caused the abandonment of the religious view. Esquirol considered religious mania to be a vestige from the past, but he also believed that mental conditions carrying a religious component were difficult to cure.
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Zhang, Xu, Fang Han, Ping Wang, Wei Jiang, and Chen Wang. "DC-YOLOv3: A novel efficient object detection algorithm." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2082, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2082/1/012012.
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Abstract Feature pyramids have become an essential component in most modern object detectors, such as Mask RCNN, YOLOv3, RetinaNet. In these detectors, the pyramidal feature representations are commonly used which represent an image with multi-scale feature layers. However, the detectors can’t be used in many real world applications which require real time performance under a computationally limited circumstance. In the paper, we study network architecture in YOLOv3 and modify the classical backbone--darknet53 of YOLOv3 by using a group of convolutions and dilated convolutions (DC). Then, a novel one-stage object detection network framework called DC-YOLOv3 is proposed. A lot of experiments on the Pascal 2017 benchmark prove the effectiveness of our framework. The results illustrate that DC-YOLOv3 achieves comparable results with YOLOv3 while being about 1.32× faster in training time and 1.38× faster in inference time.
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Tavares, Maria Hermínia Ferreira, Oscar José Busatta, Márcio Antônio Vilas Boas, and Alice Leal Terres Oro. "DESENVOLVIMENTO DE APLICATIVO PARA UM EQUIPAMENTO TDR." IRRIGA 11, no. 4 (December 11, 2006): 543–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15809/irriga.2006v11n4p543-552.
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DESENVOLVIMENTO DE APLICATIVO PARA UM EQUIPAMENTO TDR Maria Hermínia Ferreira Tavares; Oscar José Busatta; Márcio Antônio Vilas Boas; Alice Leal Terres OroCentro de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel, PR, mhstavar@certto.com.br 1 RESUMO A utilização do equipamento TRASE TDR, o qual tem a finalidade de medir a umidade volumétrica do solo, é dificultada em função do equipamento não apresentar uma interface amigável com o usuário. A alternativa apresentada é o desenvolvimento de um sistema que possibilite fácil comunicação do usuário com o equipamento TRASE TDR, utilizando um ambiente computacional simples, o qual facilite a operação do aparelho. O programa para interfaceamento foi desenvolvido utilizando a linguagem de programação OBJECT PASCAL (Delphi 5.0). Já para o armazenamento e restauração dos dados, utilizou-se o banco de dados “FIREBIRD1.5”, além do componente de comunicação serial “ComDrv32”. Os comandos enviados ao equipamento utilizam protocolos especificados pelo fabricante, os quais definem o conjunto de caracteres, os comandos executáveis, o formato de resposta e os códigos de erros. As leituras de umidade volumétrica e dos pontos para geração de gráficos são realizadas pelo equipamento utilizando a técnica de Reflectometria no Domínio do Tempo. A operacionalização dos processos de leituras com o uso do sistema desenvolvido se mostrou eficaz, especialmente quanto à facilidade de operação, economia de tempo e captura correta dos dados. UNITERMOS: banco de dados, constante dielétrica, Reflectometria no Domínio do Tempo, umidade volumétrica do solo. TAVARES, M. H. F.; BUSATTA, O. J.; VILAS BOAS, M.A.; ORO, A. L. T., SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT FOR A TDR EQUIPMENT 2 ABSTRACT Destined to soil water content measurements, the TRASE TDR equipment is difficult to operate because it lacks a user friendly interface. The proposed option is the development of a system that allows an user’s easy communication with TRASE TDR equipment, using a simple computing environment that makes its operation easy. The interfacing program was developed through OBJECT PASCAL (Delphi5.0) computing language; on the other hand, in order to store and retrieve data, “FIREBIRD1.5”database, conjugated to the serial communication component “ComDrv32”, was used. The commands that are sent to the TRASE TDR equipment use a set of protocols specified by the manufacturer. These protocols define characters, executable commands, answering format and error codes. The soil water content readings and graphic generating points are made by the equipment using the Time Domain Reflectometry technique. The reading process operation with the use of the developed system showed to be highly efficient, especially in relation to handling, efficient time use and correct data obtention. KeyWords: data base, dielectric constant, Time Domain Reflectometry, soil water content.
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Yin, Xiuye, and Liyong Chen. "A Cross-Modal Image and Text Retrieval Method Based on Efficient Feature Extraction and Interactive Learning CAE." Scientific Programming 2022 (January 10, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7314599.
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In view of the complexity of the multimodal environment and the existing shallow network structure that cannot achieve high-precision image and text retrieval, a cross-modal image and text retrieval method combining efficient feature extraction and interactive learning convolutional autoencoder (CAE) is proposed. First, the residual network convolution kernel is improved by incorporating two-dimensional principal component analysis (2DPCA) to extract image features and extracting text features through long short-term memory (LSTM) and word vectors to efficiently extract graphic features. Then, based on interactive learning CAE, cross-modal retrieval of images and text is realized. Among them, the image and text features are respectively input to the two input terminals of the dual-modal CAE, and the image-text relationship model is obtained through the interactive learning of the middle layer to realize the image-text retrieval. Finally, based on Flickr30K, MSCOCO, and Pascal VOC 2007 datasets, the proposed method is experimentally demonstrated. The results show that the proposed method can complete accurate image retrieval and text retrieval. Moreover, the mean average precision (MAP) has reached more than 0.3, the area of precision-recall rate (PR) curves are better than other comparison methods, and they are applicable.
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Kozlov, Victor, and Jia Yu Zhang. "Strength of Cutting Tool in Titanium Alloy Machining." Key Engineering Materials 685 (February 2016): 427–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.685.427.
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In this paper, contact conditions between cutting tool and work material, strength of cutting tool are analyzed. Experimental and theoretical studies of contact load distribution on the artificial flank wear-land that appears on the cutter in a free orthogonal turning disk of titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-2Mo-2Cr) are described. Calculations of internal stresses by the method of finite elements show that for the sharp cutter the main stresses into cutting wedge near to the cutting edge are compression stresses, very large (10 000 MPa) and exceed ultimate compression stress for cemented carbide. Decreasing of main stress with appearance of wear on the flank explains ability working of cutter even at large wear on the flank. Increasing of cutter’s break off probability with appearance of large wear on the flank is explained by increasing of zone where the internal stresses are large enough (more or equal 3 000 MPa) and increasing of defects probability into this zone, which serves as source of cracks. Abbreviation and symbols: m/s – meter per second (cutting speed v); mm/r – millimeter per revolution (feed rate f); MPa – mega Pascal (specific contact load as stress σ or τ); hf – the width of the flank wear land (chamfer) of the cutting tool, flank wear land can be natural or artificial like in this paper [mm]; xh – distance from the cutting edge on the surface of the flank wear land [mm]; σh – normal specific contact load on the flank land [MPa]; τh – shear (tangential) specific contact load on the flank land [MPa]; HSS – high speed steel (material of cutting tool); Py r – radial component of cutting force on the rake face [N]; Pz – tangential component of cutting force [N]; γ – rake angle of the cutting tool [°]; α – clearance angle of the sharp cutting tool [°]; αh – clearance angle of the flank wear land [°]; b – width of a machined plate or disk [mm]; σ-UTS - ultimate compression stress [MPa]; σUTS - ultimate tensile stress [MPa].
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Crewell, Susanne, Kerstin Ebell, Patrick Konjari, Mario Mech, Tatiana Nomokonova, Ana Radovan, David Strack, et al. "A systematic assessment of water vapor products in the Arctic: from instantaneous measurements to monthly means." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 14, no. 7 (July 9, 2021): 4829–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-4829-2021.
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Abstract. Water vapor is an important component in the water and energy cycle of the Arctic. Especially in light of Arctic amplification, changes in water vapor are of high interest but are difficult to observe due to the data sparsity of the region. The ACLOUD/PASCAL campaigns performed in May/June 2017 in the Arctic North Atlantic sector offers the opportunity to investigate the quality of various satellite and reanalysis products. Compared to reference measurements at R/V Polarstern frozen into the ice (around 82∘ N, 10∘ E) and at Ny-Ålesund, the integrated water vapor (IWV) from Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) L2PPFv6 shows the best performance among all satellite products. Using all radiosonde stations within the region indicates some differences that might relate to different radiosonde types used. Atmospheric river events can cause rapid IWV changes by more than a factor of 2 in the Arctic. Despite the relatively dense sampling by polar-orbiting satellites, daily means can deviate by up to 50 % due to strong spatio-temporal IWV variability. For monthly mean values, this weather-induced variability cancels out, but systematic differences dominate, which particularly appear over different surface types, e.g., ocean and sea ice. In the data-sparse central Arctic north of 84∘ N, strong differences of 30 % in IWV monthly means between satellite products occur in the month of June, which likely result from the difficulties in considering the complex and changing surface characteristics of the melting ice within the retrieval algorithms. There is hope that the detailed surface characterization performed as part of the recently finished Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) will foster the improvement of future retrieval algorithms.
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Pokryshen, Dmytro. "FINISHED SOFTWARE PRODUCTS IN TRAINING SPECIALISTS OF IT INDUSTRY." OPEN EDUCATIONAL E-ENVIRONMENT OF MODERN UNIVERSITY, no. 12 (2022): 90–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2414-0325.2022.129.
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The article is devoted to the problem of training specialists in the IT industry, the experience of learning the basics of programming students. The purpose and tasks of studying programming courses are determined. The purpose of this article is to identify and select fragments of developed software products and applied technologies that contribute to the formation and development of professional competencies of IT professionals. Modern application interfaces use objects and events with them. Everything about the frontend has a nice interface design. That is why modern training programs for computer science teachers and software engineers are focused on the study of object-oriented programming. Thanks to modern ICT tools, all subjects of the educational process have the opportunity to join modern scientific research, see the results and determine the directions of their own research to improve educational programs for engineers and educators. The article reviews software applications and fragments of their software code that contribute to the formation and development of professional competencies of IT professionals. Among the software applications selected Optics (for building models of optical phenomena), GRAPH (for calculating electrical circuits and graphs), PhysHelper (demonstration of models of physical phenomena: conservation law, kinematics, dynamics and others). The Optics example demonstrates how to describe an object, create an array, process it, and one way to implement dynamic constructions in Pascal in Delphi. GRAPH uses the Dijkstri algorithm. The essence of this algorithm is to find the shortest paths from the initial vertex to all the others. The program forms an array of distances to each of the vertices. The distance to vertices that are in another component of connectivity is defined as infinity. PhysHelper was created using basic tools such as JavaScript (Electron framework and p5 and KaTeX libraries), HTML and CSS. The selection of selected technologies and approaches is substantiated.
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Forssén, C., I. Silander, J. Zakrisson, M. Zelan, and O. Axner. "An optical pascal in Sweden." Journal of Optics 24, no. 3 (February 17, 2022): 033002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2040-8986/ac4ea2.
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Abstract By measuring the refractivity and the temperature of a gas, its pressure can be assessed from fundamental principles. The highest performing instruments are based on Fabry–Perot cavities where a laser is used to probe the frequency of a cavity mode, which is shifted in relation to the refractivity of the gas in the cavity. Recent activities have indicated that such systems can demonstrate an extended uncertainty in the 10 ppm (parts-per-million or 10−6) range. As a means to reduce the influence of various types of disturbances (primarily drifts and fluctuations) a methodology based on modulation, denoted gas modulation refractometry (GAMOR), has recently been developed. Systems based on this methodology are in general high-performance, e.g. they have demonstrated precision in the sub-ppm range, and they are sturdy. They can also be made autonomous, allowing for automated and unattended operation for virtually infinite periods of time. To a large degree, the development of such instruments depends on the access to modern photonic components, e.g. narrow line-width lasers, electro- and acousto-optic components, and various types of fiber components. This work highlights the role of such modern devices in GAMOR-based instrumentation and provides a review on the recent development of such instruments in Sweden that has been carried out in a close collaboration between a research institute and the Academy. It is shown that the use of state-of-the-art photonic devices allows sturdy, automated and miniaturized instrumentation that, for the benefit of industry, can serve as standards for pressure and provide fast, unattended, and calibration-free pressure assessments at a fraction of the present cost.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Component PASCAL"
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Singh, Abhishek. "Visual, Aspect-Oriented Tools for Component Pascal in Eclipse." Queensland University of Technology, 2005. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16158/.
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Tools and environments have aided developers in producing software since compilers and editors became standard offerings with operating systems. A major challenge for the tools and environments community has been to find ways to build and integrate tools so that they, or capabilities between them, can be easily adapted for use in new contexts. The "Eclipse" Project is an open source software development project dedicated to providing a robust, full-featured, commercial-quality, industry platform for the development of highly integrated tools. The mission of the "Eclipse" Project is to adapt and evolve the eclipse technology to meet the needs of the eclipse tool building community and its users, so that the vision of eclipse as an industry platform is realized. "Eclipse" uses an innovative plug-in architecture allowing near-infinite extensions to the base IDE. Unlike other opensource projects that don't allow proprietary derivative works, "Eclipse" can be extended with proprietary plug-ins, repackaged, and sold commercially. Aspect-Oriented programming (AOP) is a new programming paradigm based on the idea that computer systems are better programmed by separately specifying the various concerns of a system and some description of their relationships, and then relying on mechanisms in the underlying AOP environment to weave or compose them together into a coherent program. While the tendency in Object-Oriented Programming is to find commonality among classes and push it up in the inheritance tree, AOP attempts to realize scattered concerns as first-class elements, and eject them horizontally from the object structure. The primary goals of this research were 1. Incorporation of "Component Pascal" into "Eclipse". "Component Pascal"was a command line compiler that is targeted to a variety of platforms including JVM and.NET. 2. Research and design visual programming tools for "Component Pascal" in "Eclipse", in particular visual tools that support aspect-oriented views of software. These objectives are now complete and a plug-in has been developed that enables the development of "Component Pascal" software within "Eclipse". Aspect-Orientation has been incorporated directly into the "Component Pascal" compiler.
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Кузнєцов, Е. Г. "Система автоматизованого проектування імпульсних затворних торцевих ущільнень відцентрових компресорів." Master's thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2021. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/81636.
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У роботі виконано дослідження актуальності поставленої проблеми, а також предметної області, наведена її характеристика, існуючі проблеми та алгоритми. Проведено аналіз існуючих аналогів рішень у сфері розробки ущільнювальних систем. Виконано проектування продукту проекту за допомогою UML та IDEF0 на основі проведеного структурно-функціонального аналізу продукту проекту. Описано практичну частину реалізації проекту, детально представлено математичне та алгорітмічне забезпечення процесу розробки системи САПР газозатворного імпульсного торцевого ущільнення. Результатом проведеної роботи є розроблений застосунок САПР ГзІТУ.
Наукова новізна та практична цінність рботи полягає в тому, що розроблена математична модель функціонування газатворного імпульсного торцевого ущільнення, дозволяє визначати геометрічні характеристики ущільнювальних поверхонь в залежності від параметрів експлуатації; розроблений алгоритм та методика чисельного розв’язання рівняння Рейнольдса, які дозволяють отримати розв’язки для широкого кола задач газо- та гідродинаміки ущільнень; розроблена технологія проектування довела, що використання запропанованих математичних моделей, алгоритмичного та програмного забезпечення забезпечує гнучкість та наглядність процесу проектування, зменьшує трудомісткість та затрати на час розробки та можуть бути застосовані на підприємствах як елемент загальної системи автоматизованного проектування виробів компресорної промисловості, забезпечіти їх якість та конкурентноспроможність.
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Carrez, Cyril. "Contrats Comportementaux pour Composants." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2003. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00000798.
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La conception basée composants est une nouvelle méthode de construction d'applications et de systèmes distribués. Cette conception par composition pose cependant plusieurs problèmes, dûs aux services non uniformes (dépendants d'un contexte) et aux liens dynamiques d'interconnexion entre les composants. Nous proposons un cadre formel pour la vérification compositionelle de tels systèmes. Nous définissons un langage de type d'interfaces comportementales, qui constitue un contrat comportemental pour le composant et son environnement. Le composant doit respecter ce contrat
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Silva, Tânia Marisa Pires da Costa e. "Estudo da evolução dos componentes extractáveis na madeira de Eucalyptus globulus durante a armazenagem." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/21842.
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Mestrado em Química dos Produtos Naturais e AlimentosOs componentes extractáveis da madeira, nomeadamente os menos polares, têm tendência para se acumular contribuindo para a formação de depósitos de pitch, que interferem negativamente no processo de produção de pasta e na qualidade da mesma. Sabe-se que o envelhecimento da madeira, ao alterar o conteúdo e as características dos extractáveis, pode contribuir para a minimização deste problema. Assim, a presente dissertação incide sobre estudo dos componentes extractáveis da madeira, pasta crua e pasta branqueada de Eucalyptus globulus e a sua variação, quer quantitativa quer qualitativa, com o período de armazenamento. Efectuaram-se seis estudos, em quatro árvores de eucalipto, testando-se diferentes condições de armazenamento: em toro, à temperatura e humidade ambiente, estilha de madeira em pilha, também à temperatura e humidade ambiente, estilha em estufa a 40ºC e 43% HR e a 40ºC e 75% de HR. As amostras de madeira retiradas ao longo do período de armazenamento, depois de secas e moídas, foram extraídas em soxhlet, com solventes de polaridade crescente. Todos os extractos foram quantificados. Os extractos em éter etílico, os menos polares, foram analisados por cromatografia de fase gasosa com detecção de massa (GC-MS), quer directamente (extracto simples) quer após hidrólise (extracto hidrolisado). Independentemente da polaridade, todos os extractos decrescem de forma similar, mais acentuadamente no primeiro mês de armazenamento, estabilizando para períodos superiores. Em termos quantitativos não se observam variações significativas resultantes das diferentes condições de armazenamento testadas. A análise cromatográfica dos extractos de éter etílico, simples e hidrolisados, confirma o decréscimo do extracto total e de quase todas as famílias de compostos, ao longo do tempo. Aparentemente, durante o primeiro mês, processos naturais de hidrólise de ésteres competem com processos de degradação dos produtos resultantes, o que determina um acréscimo inicial de alguns ácidos e álcoois. Os compostos insaturados são facilmente degradados nas condições de armazenamento, enquanto que os saturados apresentam perdas menos significativas, gradualmente inferiores à medida que aumenta a extensão da cadeia carbonada. A análise das pastas branqueadas obtidas a partir das madeiras submetidas a diferentes períodos de armazenamento permitiu-nos verificar que as variações observadas na madeira, quer do extracto total, quer das famílias de compostos, se repercutem na pasta branqueada.
Wood extractives, particularly the less polar ones, tend to accumulate during the kraft pulping process, causing pitch deposits and affecting the quality of the pulp and paper. On the other hand, it is known that wood ageing reduces resin contents, and can minimize this problem. Therefore, in the present dissertation we study the evolution of Eucalyptus globulus wood, unbleached and bleached pulp extractives upon seasoning. Six studies with four eucalyptus trees were carried out, testing different storage conditions: log and chip wood, under environmental conditions, and chip wood, under controlled conditions, at 40ºC and 43% RH and 40ºC and 75% RH. Wood samples were taken at predefined periods, dried and grinded, and soxhlet extracted with a series of increasing polar solvents. All the extracts were quantified, and the ether extracts, the less polar ones, were studied by gas phase chromatography with coupled mass detection, both directly and after alkaline hydrolysis. Regardless of the polarity, all the extracts decrease similarly with storage, more rapidly in the first month, and then tend to stabilize. Storage conditions do not seem to affect this evolution, from a quantitative point of view. Chromatographic analysis of the ether extracts and the hydrolysed ether extracts confirms the overall decrease, as well as a decrease in most of the families of compounds. Apparently, during an initial period, natural hydrolysis of esters competes with degradation reactions of the resulting products, which causes an increase in the contents of acids and alcohols. Unsaturated compounds are easily degraded upon seasoning. Saturated compounds are more resistant, showing a smaller degradation rate as the length of the carbon chain increases. Analysis of the bleached pulps extracts clearly indicate that the changes that occur in the wood, during seasoning, reflect directly into the pulp itself.
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Morini, Teresa. "Studio e realizzazione di un filtro passa-banda a componenti parassiti per ricetrasmissioni wireless UWB di biosegnali." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/7696/.
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Questa tesi si occupa della progettazione, simulazione via software, caratterizzazione e realizzazione con microfresatrice di una tipologia di filtri passivi. Questo trattato si inserisce su una linea di ricerca già avanzata, che si occupa di studio e realizzazione di sistemi di ricetrasmissione wireless UWB di segnali provenienti da sensori per applicazioni biologiche. Lo scopo dello studio di questa tesi è l'ottimizzazione dell'efficienza del filtro, ovvero il miglioramento del rapporto segnale rumore R/S.
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Nascimento, Vanessa Dias do. "Estudo da influência dos componentes da pasta Kraft de E. globulus sobre o índice Kappa e brancura." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/2979.
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Mestrado em Engenharia dos Processos de Produção de Pasta para PapelO presente trabalho teve como objectivo estudar a contribuição dos diferentes componentes da pasta kraft de E. globulus para o valor do seu índice kappa bem como a forma como contribuem para a sua brancura. Para enquadrar o trabalho desenvolvido, na presente dissertação apresenta-se uma revisão bibliográfica sobre a estrutura e composição química da madeira, uma breve descrição do processo de cozimento kraft, as transformações dos componentes da madeira ocorridas durante este processo e uma breve descrição do processo de branqueamento da pasta. De seguida descrevem-se os métodos experimentais utilizados durante o trabalho, na última parte apresentam-se e discutem-se os resultados obtidos. A pasta kraft inicial foi extraída sequencialmente, de forma a obter fracções representativas dos seus componentes para estudar a sua influência sobre o valor do índice kappa e sobre a brancura da pasta; foram realizadas análises de índice kappa, brancura e reversão de brancura das pastas obtidas após cada etapa de extracção, e foram realizadas análises de cromatografia gasosa acoplada com espectroscopia de massa (GC-MS) nos seus respectivos extractos afim de se identificar as estruturas que pudessem contribuir para esses parâmetros. Foram ainda realizadas análises de ressonância paramagnética electrónica (EPR) e espectroscopia de reflectância na região do UV-visível nas pastas após cada etapa de extracção de forma a acompanhar o comportamento de estruturas cromóforas. Após a análise dos resultados obtidos verificou-se que a lenhina e os ácidos hexenurónicos são os principais responsáveis pelo valor do índice kappa da pasta inicial. Demonstrou-se ainda que a lenhina é o componente de influência na brancura ISO da pasta. Verificou-se ainda que as xilanas degradas durante a deslenhificação realizada foram as principais responsáveis pela reversão de brancura ocorrida na pasta. ABSTRACT: The main objective of the present work was to study the contribution of the different components of E. globulus kraft pulp to its kappa number as well as the form how they contribute to pulp brightness. To support the work developed in the present thesis the bibliographic revision presents the structure and chemical composition of wood, a short description of kraft pulping process, the chemical transformations of wood components during this process and a short description of the pulp bleaching process. The experimental procedures are described. Finally the results obtained are described and discussed. The initial kraft pulp was fractionated, to obtain representative fractions of pulp components in order to study to their influence in the e kappa number and in pulp brightness. After each extraction step pulps were submitted to kappa number, brightness and brightness reversion analysis. All the extracts were analysed by GC-MS in order to try to identify possible structures that might be contribute to the kappa number or to brightness. Pulps were also submitted to EPR and UV-visible analysis after each extraction step in order to follow the behaviour of chromophores during those treatments. The obtained results obtained have demonstrated that lignin hexenuronic acid are the main contributes to the pulp kappa number. Lignin is the component that affects most significantly, pulp ISO brightness whereas brightness reversion is mostly affected by xylans degraded during the delignification.
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Thevenard, Benoît. "Implication des systèmes à deux composants dans les réponses de Streptococcus thermophilus à des changements environnementaux, dont la coculture avec Lactobacillus bulgaricus." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00734426.
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S. thermophilus est une bactérie lactique largement utilisé dans l'industrie laitière et, comme toute bactérie, doit s'adapter à des environnements variés tels que le lait, le yaourt et même le tractus digestif, après que le produit ait été ingéré. Les systèmes à deux composants (TCS) constituent un des mécanismes essentiels qu'utilisent les bactéries pour percevoir et s'adapter à des changements environnementaux. D'un point de vue structural, les TCS sont constitués de deux composants: un " senseur " ou protéine histidine kinase (HK) qui s'auto-phosphoryle en réponse à un stimulus puis transfère son groupement phosphate au " response regulator " (RR), le deuxième composant. Celui-ci se comporte alors le plus souvent comme un régulateur transcriptionnel permettant une réponse physiologique adaptée. Afin de mieux comprendre ces phénomènes de régulation impliqués dans la réponse aux changements environnementaux, nous avons étudié la contribution de chacun des 8 TCS de Streptococcus thermophilus LMD-9 à son adaptation dans le lait. Ainsi, des études transcriptionnelles effectuées sur des cultures en lait montrent que tous les RR sont exprimés, à des niveaux et profils d'expression différents. Nous avons noté en coculture avec Lactobacillus bulgaricus, le partenaire de Streptococcus thermophilus dans le yaourt, une induction de l'expression de 4 RR qui atteint, pour rr02 et rr09, un facteur 6. Nous avons construit par ailleurs des mutants négatifs pour 7 des 8 RR de S. thermophilus et montré l'essentialité de RR05, un orthologue de YycF chez B. subtilis ou de or de WalR chez S. aureus. Pour les 7 autres mutants RR, l'absence d'un seul gène rr n'impacte pas suffisamment la croissance du streptocoque en lait. Enfin, la détermination du régulon du TCS06 par des études post-génomiques a permis de montrer que ce système est impliqué dans la résistance à la bacitracine en modulant entre autres la voie de biosynthèse du polysaccharide à rhamnose (RGP).
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Daniel, Ana Isabel Dias. "Influência da composição e estrutura dos componentes da pasta kraft na sua branqueabilidade." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/19110.
Full textAbstract:
Doutoramento em QuímicaEste trabalho teve como principais objectivos estudar a influência das condições de cozimento na branqueabilidade de pastas kraft de E. globulus e perceber como é que a composição e estrutura dos constituintes das pastas, nomeadamente a lenhina, extractáveis e os grupos ácido hexenurónico, determinam a resposta ao branqueamento ECF. Estes objectivos foram concretizados através de um trabalho experimental, onde se analisou o efeito da variação do tempo (150-210 minutos) e temperatura (150-170ºC) de cozimento, da carga alcalina activa (14-24%, como Na2O), do índice de sulfureto (15-37%) e da razão licor/madeira (3,5-8) na branqueabilidade das pastas. A variação do tempo de cozimento permitiu obter pastas kraft com um grau de deslenhificação diferente, ou seja com um índice kappa diferente; enquanto que a variação independente dos restantes parâmetros permitiu obter pastas kraft com um índice kappa semelhante, 14 ± 0,3, sendo para tal, ajustado o tempo de cozimento. Verificou-se que a branqueabilidade das pastas kraft de E. globulus é significativamente afectada pelas condições de cozimento utilizadas. De forma a estudar a influência da composição e estrutura dos constituintes químicos das pastas na resposta ao branqueamento, isolou-se a lenhina residual das pastas produzidas, por acidólise. Os grupos ácido hexenurónico foram quantificados utilizando dois métodos: hidrólise ácida e dissolução em cadoxeno. Verificou-se que, para as pastas kraft obtidas com um valor de índice kappa diferente (entre 17,7 e 11,6) a diminuição da branqueabilidade estava associada a uma diminuição do teor de lenhina residual e a um aumento da quantidade de grupos ácido hexenurónico. A análise da estrutura da lenhina residual por RMN, oxidação com permanganato e GPC, permitiu verificar que a diminuição da reactividade da lenhina está relacionada com o aumento do teor de estruturas condensadas e com a diminuição de estruturas eterificadas (β-O-4). Por outro lado, para as pastas kraft obtidas com índice kappa semelhante, verifica-se que a branqueabilidade aumenta com a diminuição do teor de lenhina residual e com o aumento da quantidade de grupos ácido hexenurónico. No entanto, os resultados obtidos na análise da estrutura da lenhina residual isolada destas pastas não permitiu estabelecer uma relação entre a branqueabilidade e a composição e estrutura da lenhina.
The main objectives in this work were to study the influence of the pulping conditions on the bleachability of E. globulus Kraft pulps and to understand how the composition and structure of pulp constituents, as lignin, extractives and hexenuronic acid groups, determine the ECF bleaching response. These objectives had been achieved through an experimental work, where the effect of the variation of pulping time (150-210 minutes) temperature (150-170ºC), active alkali (14-24%, as Na2O), sulphidity (15-37%) and liquor to wood ratio (3.5-8) on the bleachability of pulps were investigated. The variation of pulping time allowed to obtain Kraft pulps with a different degree of delignification, and consequently with a different kappa number; while the independent variation of the remaining parameters allowed to obtain Kraft pulps with a similar kappa number, 14 ± 0,3, by pulping time adjustment. It was observed that the bleachability of E. globulus Kraft pulps is significantly affected by the pulping conditions. In order to study the influence in the bleaching response of the composition and structure of chemical pulps constituents, the residual lignin was isolated from pulps by acidolysis. The hexenuronic acid groups were quantified using two methods: cadoxen dissolution and acid hydrolysis. It was observed that, for Kraft pulps with a different kappa number (between 17.7 and 11.6) the decrease in bleachability was associated with the reduction in the amount of lignin and with an increase of the amount of hexenuronic acid groups. The analysis of residual lignin structure by RMN, permanganate oxidation and GPC, allowed verifying that the reduction in the reactivity of lignin is related with the increase in the amount of condensed structures and the reduction of etherified structures (β-O-4). On the other hand, for the kraft pulps with similar kappa number, it was observed that the bleachability increases with the reduction in the amount of residual lignin and with the increase of the amount of hexenuronic acid groups. However, the results obtained by structure analysis of the isolated residual lignin of these pulps did not allow establishing any relationship between the bleachability and lignin structure and composition
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Roncero, Vivero Ma Blanca (María Blanca). "Obtención de una secuencia "TCF" con la aplicación de ozono y enzimas, para el blanqueo de pastas madereras y de origen agrícola. Optimización de la etapa Z. Análisis de los efectos en la fibra celulósica y sus componentes." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/6489.
Full textAbstract:
La motivació per a la realització d'aquest projecte sorgeix de la problemàtica ambiental ja coneguda que existeix amb relació a la contaminació produïda pels reactius utilitzats en el blanqueig de pastes per a paper, i per l'interès en la utilització de matèries primes anuals, com per exemple els residus agrícoles.La present tesi forma part de les línies d'investigació en el blanqueig de pastes per a paper que es porten a terme en el laboratori de l'Especialitat Paperera i Gràfica del Departament d'Enginyeria Tèxtil i Paperera de la Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, essent la primera tesi que es realitza en temes de blanqueig amb ozó i d'utilització d'enzims.
Mitjançant els estudis realitzats s'arriba a obtenir una seqüència totalment lliure de clor (TCF) que inclou una etapa de blanqueig amb ozó (Z) i un tractament enzimàtic amb xilanasa (X), amb la qual s'aconsegueix obtenir una pasta blanquejada d'Eucalyptus amb propietats finals de les pastes, papers i efluents comparables amb les d'una seqüència ECF. Aquesta seqüència de blanqueig és també aplicable a una pasta de palla de blat, amb la qual s'obté bones propietats finals.
Així doncs, el present treball d'investigació tracta bàsicament tres qüestions:
La primera consisteix en l'increment de la selectivitat del blanqueig amb ozó per al qual es realitza un estudi de l'aplicació de diferents tractaments abans, durant i després d'aquest estadi. Els resultats obtinguts mostren que és convenient realitzar un postractament amb borohidrur sòdic ja que és molt eficient degut al seu elevat potencial reductor de grups carbonil, la qual cosa es corrobora amb l'estudi realitzat sobre el número de talls en la cadena cel·lulòsica (CS). Pel que fa als diferents pretractaments i additius aplicats, aquests últims són més beneficiosos, i en concret els que es realitzen a pH àcid, indicant que el pH té un efecte important en la selectivitat de l'etapa Z, cosa que es confirma amb els estudis cinètics realitzats, i que a més està relacionat amb la major formació de radicals hidroxil a pH alcalí. La naturalesa de l'additiu utilitzat a pH àcid també influeix en la selectivitat de l'etapa Z. Dels diferents additius estudiats i aplicats a pH entre 2 i 3, l'àcid oxàlic és el més eficient ja que presenta un efecte "addicional" a la resta d'additius diferent al pH, influint positivament en la cinètica de la etapa Z ja que augmenta la cinètica de deslignificació i disminueix la de degradació de la cel·lulosa. A través dels estudis realitzats es dedueix que aquest efecte addicional de l'àcid oxàlic és degut a un conjunt de factors: captador de radicals hidroxil, estabilitzador de l'ozó, disminució de l'inflament de la cel·lulosa, catalitzador de les reaccions de l'ozó i/o radicals amb la lignina, aportador d'hidrogen i quelant de cations metàl·lics.
La dosi necessària d'àcid oxàlic és molt petita i inclús inferior a la quantitat que es forma en el propi estadi. Per tant, en cas de tancament de circuits, es podria realitzar una recirculació dels efluents dins de l'estadi Z, aprofitant el propi àcid oxàlic que es forma en aquesta etapa.
La segona part està basada en l'estudi del pretractament enzimàtic amb xilanasa aplicat en una seqüència TCF de pasta d'Eucalyptus amb la qual cosa s'aconsegueix un efecte "estimulador" del blanqueig, ja que s'incrementa la facilitat de blanquejar en els posteriors estadis de blanqueig, cosa que permet una reducció del consum de reactius. Aquest efecte es relaciona amb l'eliminació de xilans i de grups hexenurònics que es confirma amb els estudis de microscopia electrònica d'escombrat (SEM) i de determinació d'hidrats de carboni per HPLC. Amb els estudis cinètics realitzats s'obté que amb el tractament X s'elimina una part de lignina que no s'aconsegueix eliminar durant el blanqueig amb ozó.
El tercer tema es l'aplicació de la seqüència TCF obtinguda, en pasta de palla de blat, amb la modificació d'alguna de les condicions, obtenint resultats no tan favorables com amb l'Eucalyptus, però realment bons tractant-se d'una pasta de palla.
Les tècniques d'anàlisi utilitzades -determinació d'hidrats de carboni mitjançant HPLC, observació de la superfície de la fibra utilitzant la microscopia electrònica d'escombrat (SEM) i de transmissió (TEM), determinació de cations metàl·lics per espectroscopia d'absorció atòmica, diferents tècniques per a la determinació de la cristal·linitat i el grau d'oxidació de les fibres, estudis cinètics de l'etapa de blanqueig amb ozó i determinació de grups hexenurònics per espectroscopia UV- han permès una major comprensió dels mecanismes de reacció que tenen lloc en la seqüència estudiada. Així doncs, estudiant l'efecte de l'àcid oxàlic s'aconsegueix saber quins són els requisits que ha de complir un additiu per a ser el més eficient possible en el blanqueig amb ozó.
Finalment s'ha d'indicar que part d'aquests estudis s'han realitzat en el Centre Technique du Papier (CTP) de Grenoble (França) i en el Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) d'Estocolm (Suècia).
Books on the topic "Component PASCAL"
1
Module, Klassen, Verträge: Ein Lehrbuch zur komponentenorientierten Softwarekonstruktion mit Component Pascal. 2nd ed. Wiesbaden: Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, 2001.
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2
Hug, Karlheinz. Module, Klassen, Verträge. Ein Lehrbuch zur komponentenorientierten Softwarekonstruktion mit Component Pascal. Vieweg Verlagsgesellschaft, 2001.
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3
Componentes de software en Pascal para el filtrado digital de señales: Desarrollo de componentes para software libre utilizando el IDE Lazarus/Free Pascal y Tecnología basada en componentes. Editorial Académica Española, 2011.
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4
Conci, María Cecilia, and Nicolás Beltramino. El capital intelectual. Eduvim, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.52550/26j9v7.
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En este trabajo los autores presentan un desarrollo de la importancia que tiene conceptualmente la gestión del capital intelectual como un componente estratégico para la generación de conocimiento en las empresas, lo que les permite generar ventajas competitivas sostenibles que contribuirán a mejorar su competitividad. En ese desarrollo conceptual se muestran las diferentes corrientes de abordaje de la problemática, tanto desde el punto de vista estratégico como de la medición; para pasar posteriormente a describir los componentes de análisis del capital intelectual, como lo son el capital estructural, el capital humano y el capital relacional, explicando las variables que integran cada uno de ellos. Al finalizar se presentan los resultados de un diagnóstico efectuado a Pymes de la región en el que se muestran de modo detallado el grado de manejo que poseen las empresas indagadas en cuanto a cada uno de los factores componentes de este capital intelectual.
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Douglas, Catchings Rufus, and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. Data report for the vertical-component seismic refraction data obtained during the 1986 PASSCAL Basin and Range lithospheric seismic experiment, northern Nevada. [Denver, Colo.?]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey, 1987.
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Rivera Lozada, Oriana, Judith Soledad Yangali Vicente, and César Antonio Bonilla Asalde. Guía de citado y referenciación. Normas APA, 7.a edición. 2nd ed. Fondo Editorial de la Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37768/unw.vri.0002.
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La referencia y el citado siguen siendo tareas temibles para los jóvenes investigadores. Esta guía se propone disipar algunos de sus temores y ser una vía de ingreso al trabajo académico. Deseamos que, con el tiempo, nuestra guía se convierta en un documento de uso común tanto en la labor académica como administrativa dentro de nuestra institución. Citar y referir no solo permiten reconocer los derechos intelectuales de los miembros que componen la academia contemporánea. Estas acciones de probidad intelectual son también una manera de ganar reconocimiento como investigadores y pasar a formar parte de la red de sujetos comprometidos con la creación del conocimiento. Esta es una tarea privilegiada y urgente en todo contexto, pero en especial en países como el nuestro, que aún debaten su posición y compromiso con la ciencia y el conocimiento.
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Martínez Espinoza, Manuel Ignacio. Políticas sociales y participación en México. El caso del programa Comedores Comunitarios. Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas. Centro de Estudios Superiores de México y Centroamérica. Observatorio de las Democracias Sur de México y Centroamérica. MAPorrúa, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.29043/cesmeca.rep.963.
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En los últimos años la participación se ha definido como un componente fundamental de la política de desarrollo social en México. Sin embargo, en la práctica, la participación no se ha interpretado con la complejidad inherente de los conceptos políticos, su instrumentación se ha reducido a acciones concretas como pasar lista o elegir representantes y ha sido una dimensión ausente en las evaluaciones de los programas sociales. Con el objetivo de subsanar tales lagunas de conocimiento, en el presente libro se realiza un estudio crítico y metódico de los conceptos de participación y políticas sociales, se indaga sobre las particularidades que han tenido en México, se proponen modelos para su análisis y se explora el caso del programa Comedores Comunitarios. Integrando la complejidad temática con un tratamiento exhaustivo y sistemático, el libro permite identificar concepciones, instituciones, actores, procesos y resultados de la participación en el ámbito del desarrollo social en México.
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Cortez Araujo, Gilberto Diestefano, Julio Cesar Cobas Román, Alina Bestard Revilla, Leidy Virginia Realpe Cancio, Idalia Clejel Toriac, Rocío Falcones Barbosa, Otto Morcillo Lemos, et al. Sistematización de la experiencia pedagógica en la actividad física y deporte. Mawil Publicaciones de Ecuador, 2022, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26820/978-9942-602-53-4.
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La globalización y la sociedad del conocimiento, imponen cambios acelerados y transformaciones que impactan en el modelo pedagógico de las Instituciones de Educación Superior, por consiguiente, nuevos enfoques psicológicos, pedagógicos, sociológicos fundamentan epistemológicamente los procesos de renovación de la enseñanza- aprendizaje en los diversos niveles de educación. Por consiguiente, en el modelo pedagógico basado en competencias se promueve la participación activa del estudiante en el proceso de aprendizaje entendido como la capacidad de construcción del conocimiento, lo que demanda una formación profesional integral. El docente desde la componente enseñanza del proceso docente pasa a ocupar el rol de mediador, orientador de la acción para la ejecución de tareas o resolución de problemas. Por lo tanto, el currículum que sustenta la formación profesional del docente de la Actividad Física y Deporte, se lo concibe desde una postura integral e interdisciplinaria, que trasciende los aspectos educativos tradicionales conductistas o reproductores de saberes. A juicio de los autores no existen lineamientos curriculares estandarizados y unívocos para la enseñanza-aprendizaje de una educación actividad física de calidad e inclusiva, que promueva la participación de los estudiantes en el desarrollo de las actividades teórico-prácticas, sin discriminación de raza, edad, sexo y condición física.
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Panico, Francesco. El imaginario mundo del doctor Panurgo. Universidad Veracruzana, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25009/uv.2590.1601.
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El imaginario mundo del doctor Panurgo es dos cosas a la vez: una autobiografía intelectual y un ensayo sobre la estética de la novela. En cuanto a la primera, el texto es un desfile de lecturas cuyo orden es responsabilidad casi exclusiva de la memoria. Una memoria sin duda caprichosa, reticente a la secuencia cronológica que, sin embargo, dispone sus materiales de una manera lo suficientemente atenta para que el narrador, su propietario, no tenga que esforzarse demasiado por sistematizarlos según un plan de composición previo. En lo que concierne al segundo, este texto pretende ser un amplio comentario sobre la estética de la novela y las relaciones que la unen con las esferas de la vida y de la construcción del sujeto. Si se acepta el postulado de que la memoria no pasa de ser un voluminoso relato de nuestra experiencia del tiempo desde el presente de la escritura, entonces cada vida es un curioso coctel de realidad y ficción, puesto que, cuando intentamos reconstruir la secuencia lineal de nuestra historia, nos percatamos inmediatamente de que muchas de las partes que la componen las estamos, literalmente, inventando.
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Fortalecimiento de los sistemas de salud para responder a las mujeres que sufren violencia de pareja o violencia sexual. Manual para gerentes de salud. Organización Panamericana de la Salud, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37774/9789275322468.
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El siguiente manual está dirigido a los gerentes del Sistema de Salud, en todos los niveles. Se basa en las directrices del 2013 de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) para dar respuesta a la violencia de pareja y a la violencia sexual contra las mujeres. Este manual utiliza los elementos fundamentales de los sitemas de salud según la OMS, descritos en el marco de acción para el fortalicimiento de los sistemas de salud. Y junto con el manual clínico complementario contribuye a la ejecución del componente de salud del Programa Mundial Conjunto de las Naciones Unidas sobre Servicios Esenciales para las mujeres y las niñas víctimas de la violencia. Su finalidad es fortaecer a los sistemas de salud para que puedan prestar a las sobrevivientes de la violencia servicios confidenciales, eficaces y centrados en la mujer. La violencia daña la salud de las mujeres de muchas formas, tanto inmediatas como a largo plazo, tanto evidentes como ocultas. Puede incluir violencia física, sexual y psíquica. Los actos de violencia pueden ser cometidos por la pareja o, en caso de la violencia sexual por cualquier agresor. El manual se centra en la violencia que ejercen los hombres contra las mujeres, en particular la violencia de pareja y la agresión sexual, que permanencen ocultas y, a menudo, pasan desapercibidas para el sistema de salud. Los usuarios propuestos para este manual son los gerentes de salud en todos los niveles que tienen la responsabilidad de diseñar, planificar o gestionar servicios de salud para las mujeres, entre ellas las que han sufrido violencia. Versión oficial en español de la obra original en inglés: Strengthening health systems to respond to women subjected to intimate partner violence or sexual violence: a manual for health managers. © World Health Organization 2017. ISBN: 978-92-4-151300-5.
Book chapters on the topic "Component PASCAL"
1
Meyer-Peyton, Lore. "Elements of a Successful Distributed Learning Program." In Distance Learning Technologies, 82–90. IGI Global, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-878289-80-3.ch007.
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Global connectivity has opened up a new dimension in education, namely, the concept of delivering education via technology to students who may never see their classmates or their instructor face to face. The typical school with its traditional classrooms does not exist in this new scenario, and many of the professionals responsible for developing distributed learning courses are new to the task. This chapter will guide the reader through the process of planning and implementing a distributed learning program. The model for this chapter is the distributed learning program provided by the Department of Defense Education Activity to schools serving the family members of U.S. military personnel at home and abroad. The DoDEA Electronic School (DES) offers sixteen courses to over six hundred students at 56 high schools in fourteen countries, spanning twelve time zones. The program has been in existence for over twelve years, evolving from a two-teacher program to a worldwide school headed by an administrative staff and employing 23 instructors and four technical support staff members. Courses currently available through the DES include seven advanced placement courses (Calculus AB and BC, Physics B, German, United States History, and Computer Science A and AB); five computer programming courses (Pascal I and II, Q-BASIC, Visual BASIC, and C++); economics; health; humanities; and science research seminar. In addition to offering student courses, the DES is in the process of adding an extensive staff development component. With teachers and staff based worldwide, the system can save a significant amount of travel money by providing staff development opportunities that are accessible at the local site. The DoDEA Electronic School grew up with technology. During those first years, students used an acoustic coupler and a telephone to call a central computer in the United States, where they accessed a text based conferencing program to communicate with their classmates and instructors. Today’s DES instructors develop their courses in Lotus Notes, and students can use either the Lotus Notes client or a Web browser. Domino servers at each school send and receive information via the Internet, resulting in efficient transfer of data. In today’s environment, rich with technology but short on hours in the day, there is no time afforded for the luxury of “evolving.” Professionals tasked with developing distributed learning programs for their organizations are given a staff, a budget and a mandate— and certainly a challenge. The goal of this chapter is to help those professionals meet the challenge by examining the key elements of a successful distributed learning program.
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ARIZMENDI-DOMÍNGUEZ, Martha Elia, Laiza Sabrina DE LA TORRE-ZEPEDA, and Gerardo MEZA-GARCÍA. "Women as literary creation: a diachronic-representative journey." In CIERMMI Women in Science T-X Humanities and Behavioral Sciences, 11–28. ECORFAN, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35429/h.2021.10.11.28.
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The following essay intends to show women presence in some scripts, mainly narrative, by authors and shea uthors who decided to recreate them in the literary artwork. The twentieth century will be the encompassing component and some of its decades, the encompassed parts; the classification follows the desire to deepen into those mentioned she characters which are already part of the Mexican literature history. We began the journey in 1903, with Santa, by Federico Gamboa and ended in 2009, with The Insurgent by Carlos Pascual, covering a little the present century, given the importance of some script that address the framework theme: women as a literary creation. We consider it important to mention that the contributions of this study are two, one, as its name indicates, highlighting the presence of women as creation in the literary work and, another, which, although we know, according to the Language Royal Academy LRA, character is a masculine noun, we propose, at least in this essay, to create the female noun: SHE CHARACTER, WOMEN CHARACTER as new noun.
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Eisner, Martin. "The Mouth (Marginal Gloss)." In Dante's New Life of the Book, 89–108. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198869634.003.0005.
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This chapter is the first of three in Part Two: ‘Glossing Beatrice’, each of which considers Dante’s so-called ‘divisions’, the prose portions in which he describes the different parts of his poetic compositions. Although both medieval and modern critics have dismissed this textual component, these chapters highlight their important hermeneutic, institutional, and narrative functions in the work. This chapter investigates several minor textual interventions in Dante’s text that have major implications, including the editorial modification of ‘viso’ (face) into ‘riso’ (smile) in the canzone Donne ch’avete intelletto d’amore that is motivated by a desire to make the poem align with Dante’s discussion of it in the division. This emendation introduces the issue of Beatrice’s embodiment and the place of Dante’s carnal desires in his exaltation of her, a theme that radiates throughout the tradition in adaptations of Dante’s poem from Petrarch to Pascoli, D’Annunzio, and Mandelstam. The final section examines Dante’s return to the poem in Purgatorio 24, where the significant variant ‘chiodo’ (nail) may reflect the novelty of Dante’s use of the book form to express his love for Beatrice.
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Perazzo, Rosalva Maria Rodrigues Monteiro, Ana Lucia Ribeiro de Vasconcelos, Aletheia Soares Sampaio, Sydia Rosana de Araújo Oliveira, Cristina Valença Azevedo Mota, Álvaro Monteiro Perazzo, and Gabriela Lucena Montenegro. "TRATAMENTO DA ANEMIA COM ALFAEPOETINA NA INSUFICIÊNCIA RENAL CRÔNICA: ESTUDO DE CASO." In Pesquisas Aplicadas à Saúde Coletiva, 47–62. Bookerfield Editora, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53268/bkf21091504.
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Trata-se de uma pesquisa avaliativa, do tipo estudo de caso único, de abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa. O componente quantitativo foi realizado a partir de um estudo exploratório, descritivo, utilizando um banco de dados de pacientes em hemodiálise (o SISMEDEX) assistidos de 2009 a 2011; análise documental e observação direta. O componente qualitativo foi realizado a partir de entrevistas com gestores, médicos e farmacêuticos, envolvidos no tratamento da anemia com eritropoetina em pacientes assistidos no serviço de hemodiálise de PetrolinaPernambuco. Foram incluídos neste estudo 35 pacientes cujo tratamento com eritropoetina não estava enquadrado nos critérios de inclusão estabelecidos no Protocolo Clínico e Diretriz Terapêutica (PCDT) do Ministério da Saúde. O grau de observância do PCDT na assistência clínica foi 75% do esperado (Parcialmente Satisfatória) e na assistência farmacêutica 37% (Inexistente). A inobservância do PCDT pelos médicos se acentuou com o passar do tempo, chegando à condição insatisfatória a partir do 3º trimestre de tratamento (do 1º trimestre ao 1º ano, para adequar o tratamento com alfaepoetina as necessidades do paciente, a não observância do PCDT aumentou 325%). Considerando a soberania da clínica as doses solicitadas foram dispensadas, resultando a condição inexistente para a assistência farmacêutica. Propõese que o PCDT e a Portaria que regulamenta o uso da eritropoetina sejam revisados, permitindo aos prescritores medicar segundo as necessidades clínicas de cada usuário e aos dispensadores a realidade de uso desse medicamento.
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EUFLAUSINO DA SILVA, VALDICLEY, and PAULO CAVALCANTE DE ALBUQUERQUE MELO. ""REFLEXÕES SOBRE A FORMAÇÃO ÉTICA DO PROFISSIONAL DOCENTE DE ENSINO RELIGIOSO"." In Escola em tempos de conexões - Volume 03. Editora Realize, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46943/vii.conedu.2021.03.075.
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"AS CRÍTICAS DESTINADAS AO COMPONENTE CURRICULAR DE ENSINO RELIGIOSO, NO SISTEMA PÚBLICO DE ENSINO BRASILEIRO, SÃO NOTORIAMENTE INFINDÁVEIS. ENTRE AS CRÍTICAS MAIS FERRENHAS ESTÃO TANTO DA PERSISTÊNCIA DO CARÁTER MORALIZANTE, QUANTO DO CARÁTER DOGMÁTICO NO AMBIENTE ESCOLAR, GERANDO CONSTANTES ELOCUBRAÇÕES DE INVIABILIDADE DO COMPONENTE. TAIS CARACTERÍSTICAS, HERANÇAS RELIGIOSAS DA COLONIZAÇÃO, ABARCAM, DE MODO EXPLÍCITO, A DEFICITÁRIA PROBLEMATIZAÇÃO SOBRE A DIMENSÃO ÉTICA EM UMA ÁREA QUE SE PRETENDE FORMATIVA EDUCACIONALMENTE E RELEVANTE SOCIALMENTE. O ETHOS RELIGIOSO NÃO PODE SER TOMADO COMO O ORDENADOR DAS DEMANDAS ORGANIZATIVAS, PRINCIPALMENTE EM UM MUNDO CUJA CARACTERÍSTICA PRINCIPAL É PLURIVERSALIDADE. CONTRAPONDO TAL PERSPECTIVA, PROPOMOS, NA ESTEIRA DAS RENOVAÇÕES QUE A ÁREA VEM SE DESTINANDO A DEBATER, REFLETIR SOBRE A DIMENSÃO ÉTICA NA FORMAÇÃO DOCENTE, RESSIGNIFICANDO A UMA ESFERA DE ATIVIDADE PROFISSIONAL. A IDEIA É REFLETIR SOBRE A ÉTICA COMO DIMENSÃO FORMATIVA NA ÁREA DO ER, DE MODO URGENTE. AS CONSIDERAÇÕES GERADAS ATÉ O PRESENTE MOMENTO DA PESQUISA VISLUMBRAM A PROEMINENTE NECESSIDADE DA FORMAÇÃO ÉTICA NO PROCESSO DE PROFISSIONALIZAÇÃO E PROFISSIONALIDADE DOCENTE, ENQUANTO MARCO DIVISÓRIO ENTRE AS ANTIGAS PERFORMATIVIDADES E OS NOVOS DISCURSOS APRESENTADOS A PARTIR DO FINAL DO SÉCULO XX. OS DESAFIOS ÉTICOS PASSAM POR UM REDIMENSIONAMENTO FORMATIVO DO CURRÍCULO E DOS(AS) PROFISSIONAIS DA ÁREA. TAIS PERSPECTIVAS SÃO NECESSÁRIAS ENQUANTO EXIGÊNCIAS EM PROL DE UMA SOCIEDADE MAIS DEMOCRÁTICA, EMANCIPATÓRIA, JUSTA E ANTIRRACISTA."
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Smith, Gary. "Bad Data." In The AI Delusion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198824305.003.0006.
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When I first started teaching economics in 1971, my wife’s grandfather (“Popsie”) knew that my Ph.D. thesis used Yale’s big computer to estimate an extremely complicated economic model. Popsie had bought and sold stocks successfully for decades. He even had his own desk at his broker’s office where he could trade gossip and stocks. Nonetheless, he wanted advice from a 21-year-old kid who had no money and had never bought a single share of stock in his life—me—because I worked with computers. “Ask the computer what it thinks of Schlumberger.” “Ask the computer what it thinks of GE.” This naive belief that computers are infallible has been around ever since the first computer was invented more than 100 years ago by Charles Babbage. While a teenager, the great French mathematician Blaise Pascal built a mechanical calculator called the Arithmetique to help his father, a French tax collector. The Arithmetique was a box with visible dials connected to gears hidden inside the box. Each dial had ten digits labeled 0 through 9.When the dial for the 1s column moved from 9 to 0, the dial for the 10s column moved up 1 notch; when the dial for the 10s column moved from9 to 0, the dial for the 100s column moved up 1 notch; and so on. The Aritmatique could do addition and subtraction, but the dials had to be turned by hand. Babbage realized that he could convert complex formulas into simple addition-and-subtraction calculations and automate the calculations, so that a mechanical computer would do the calculations perfectly every time, thereby eliminating human error. Babbage’s first design was called the Difference Engine, a steam powered behemoth made of brass and iron that was 8 feet tall, weighed 15 tons, had 25,000 parts. The Difference Engine could make calculations up to 20 decimals long and it could print formatted tables of results. After a decade tinkering with the design, Babbage began working on plans for a more powerful calculator he called the Analytical Engine. This design had more than 50,000 components, used perforated cards to input instructions and data, and could store up to one thousand 50-digit numbers.
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BEATRIZ ELY, CLAUDIANE. "EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA REPROVA?" In Escola em tempos de conexões - Volume 02. Editora Realize, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46943/vii.conedu.2021.02.037.
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NA HISTÓRIA DA EDUCAÇÃO AS PEDAGOGIAS REALIZARAM MODIFICAÇÕES BUSCANDO A SUPERAÇÃO DO AUTORITARISMO E UMA NOVA PERSPECTIVA, BASEADA NA AUTONOMIA DO ALUNO, EM QUE HAVERIA MAIOR PARTICIPAÇÃO SOCIAL E DEMOCRÁTICA. NA EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA ESCOLAR BRASILEIRA NÃO FOI DIFERENTE, PARTINDO DO MILITARISMO QUE IMPUNHA AO ALUNO SER PATRIOTA E ESTAR A SERVIÇO DO PAÍS. A AVALIAÇÃO ERA REALIZADA ATRAVÉS DA SUBMISSÃO DOS ALUNOS, DO MEDO, DO EXCESSO DE RIGIDEZ E DA AVERIGUAÇÃO DOS MAIS FORTES E CAPAZES DE DEFENDER OS OBJETIVOS. NO PERÍODO HIGIENISTA ÊNFASE MAIOR É DADA NA BIOLOGIA, CARACTERIZANDO UMA RELAÇÃO ENTRE O EXERCÍCIO FÍSICO E O CORPO. NO SÉCULO XX DÁ-SE O PERÍODO DOS ESPORTES DE ALTO RENDIMENTO OBJETIVANDO FORMAR MEDALHISTAS E INSTIGANDO A EXCLUSÃO DE MUITOS ALUNOS DEVIDO ÀS LIMITAÇÕES PSICOMOTORAS. ATUALMENTE A EXCLUSÃO DE ALUNOS TORNOU-SE INADMISSÍVEL, A DISCIPLINA PASSA A PROMOVER O DESENVOLVIMENTO PSICOMOTOR, COGNITIVO E SOCIAL, ACEITANDO E ENSINANDO A ACEITAR AS DIFERENÇAS. NA IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DA LDB 9394/96 A DISCIPLINA GANHOU DESTAQUE DEIXANDO DE SER INTEGRADORA E TORNANDO-SE IMPORTANTE NA FORMAÇÃO MORAL E FÍSICA INTEGRANDO A PROPOSTA PEDAGÓGICA DA ESCOLA COMO COMPONENTE CURRICULAR OBRIGATÓRIO. APÓS ANÁLISE BIBLIOGRÁFICA E DOCUMENTAL NOTA-SE A NECESSIDADE DE UMA AVALIAÇÃO MAIS ADEQUADA, SISTEMATIZADA E CONTÍNUA, QUE CONTE COM DIVERSOS INSTRUMENTOS, POSSIBILITANDO AVALIAÇÃO INTEGRAL DO EDUCANDO E A SUA RETENÇÃO. NO ENTANTO, É IDEAL ADOTAR CARÁTER DE COMPLEMENTAÇÃO, RETENDO O EDUCANDO EM CASO DE DIFICULDADES NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DENTRO DAS TRÊS DIMENSÕES (ATITUDINAL, CONCEITUAL E PROCEDIMENTAL) REFORÇANDO O SEU DESEMPENHO EM OUTRAS DISCIPLINAS.
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Luís Reis, José. "Logística em Negócio Eletrónico." In Tópicos de Marketing Digital, 111–61. CEOS Edições, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56002/ceos.0018ch.
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As empresas vivem em mercados cada vez mais competitivos e sua sustentabilidade passa por otimizarem os seus processos de gestão nas diferentes áreas funcionais. A satisfação de todas as partes interessadas de uma organização tem de ser garantida numa perspetiva de criação de valor para as mesmas. Assim, as organizações têm de investir nas componentes relacionais, com parcerias estratégicas que lhes permitam gerir melhor todos os momentos de interação com os seus clientes, nos múltiplos pontos de contato, pois os estímulos que as organizações têm prendem-se essencialmente com os momentos em que os clientes fazem as suas encomendas, bem como com a forma como as encomendas são satisfeitas, quer pela empresa que a recebe, quer pelos parceiros de negócios envolvidos. Os aspetos relacionados com a gestão da logística, desde o momento em que é feita a encomenda, a sua preparação, expedição, transporte e entrega, fazem a diferença. Hoje os clientes têm múltiplas formas de fazerem e receberem as suas encomendas, sendo a gestão das componentes eletrónicas fundamentais na gestão dos negócios. Neste sentido, os investimentos em tecnologias e sistemas de informação tornam-se um elemento chave de inovação e desenvolvimento das organizações, nomeadamente nos aspetos associados à logística. Este capítulo está organizado em sete secções que pretendem enquadrar o leitor nas áreas de conhecimento associadas à logística e à gestão da cadeia de abastecimento no negócio eletrónico. O capítulo começa com a apresentação dos fundamentos associados à logística e ao SCM; na segunda secção apresentam-se as principais caraterísticas das relações da logística com as funções de marketing e de produção, passando-se em seguida para uma secção onde são apresentados os elementos constituintes da gestão do ciclo de vida e dos custos de uma encomenda; na quinta secção deste capítulo, são apresentados os sistemas de transportes; e na sexta secção as tecnologias e os sistemas de informação utilizados na logística. Finalmente apresenta-se uma conclusão com os principais elementos que constituem o corpo de conhecimento associados à logística para o negócio eletrónico.
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CRISTINA COSTA, ROSA, and JEAN CARLOS MIRANDA. "PRODUÇÃO DE JOGO DIDÁTICO SOBRE CORPO HUMANO PARA O ENSINO DE CIÊNCIAS/BIOLOGIA." In Itinerários de resistência: pluralidade e laicidade no Ensino de Ciências e Biologia. Editora Realize, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46943/viii.enebio.2021.01.462.
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O TERMO LÚDICO TEM ORIGEM LATINA (LUDUS) E SIGNIFICA JOGO E BRINCADEIRA. PODEMOS ATRIBUIR TAMBÉM OS TERMOS ENTRETENIMENTO E DIVERSÃO, QUE SÃO ATIVIDADES LIGADAS AO PRAZER, POIS, ALÉM DE PROPORCIONAREM UMA SENSAÇÃO DE BEM-ESTAR, OS JOGOS FACILITAM A SOCIALIZAÇÃO E O CUMPRIMENTO DE REGRAS, MELHORANDO O CONVÍVIO SOCIAL. O LÚDICO, ANTES RESTRITO À EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL E AO PRIMEIRO SEGMENTO DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL, TEM SIDO UTILIZADO TAMBÉM NO SEGUNDO SEGMENTO DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL, E NO ENSINO MÉDIO, DEVIDO À POSSIBILIDADE DE CONSTRUÇÃO DO CONHECIMENTO POR MEIO DE ATIVIDADES DINÂMICAS ONDE OS DISCENTES INTERAGEM ENTRE SI E COM O PROFESSOR, FACILITANDO A APRENDIZAGEM E SUA COMPREENSÃO DO MUNDO. UMA DAS FORMAS DE O PROFESSOR MANTER O INTERESSE DOS DISCENTES NAS AULAS, É UTILIZAR FERRAMENTAS QUE OS MOTIVEM E, AO MESMO TEMPO, FAVOREÇAM A CONSTRUÇÃO DO CONHECIMENTO. NESSE CONTEXTO, OS JOGOS DIDÁTICOS CONFIGURAM-SE COMO ATIVIDADES QUE DESAFIAM, CRIAM POSSIBILIDADES E FOMENTAM O APRENDIZADO. O PRESENTE TRABALHO APRESENTA O JOGO DIDÁTICO “CORPO HUMANO E IMAGEM”, PRODUZIDO COM VISTAS À UTILIZAÇÃO COMO FERRAMENTA AUXILIAR NA ABORDAGEM DO TEMA CORPO HUMANO, NA DISCIPLINA CIÊNCIAS/BIOLOGIA. A PESQUISA FOI REALIZADA NO COLÉGIO ESTADUAL RUI GUIMARÃES DE ALMEIDA (CERGA), UMA ESCOLA DA REDE ESTADUAL DE ENSINO, LOCALIZADA EM SANTO ANTÔNIO DE PÁDUA, REGIÃO NOROESTE DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO. O CERGA ATENDE A ALUNOS DO ENSINO MÉDIO DO CURSO DE FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES E DO ENSINO MÉDIO REGULAR (FORMAÇÃO GERAL). O CURSO DE FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES FUNCIONA EM HORÁRIO INTEGRAL E POSSUÍA, EM 2018, TRÊS TURMAS, UMA DE CADA ANO DO ENSINO MÉDIO. INICIALMENTE, FOI ELABORADO UM QUESTIONÁRIO COM O OBJETIVO DE IDENTIFICAR AS DIFICULDADES DOS DISCENTES DO ENSINO MÉDIO DO CURSO DE FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES EM RELAÇÃO AO CONTEÚDO DE BIOLOGIA, NO INTUITO DE INSTRUMENTALIZÁ-LOS PARA ATUAÇÃO NA DOCÊNCIA EM CIÊNCIAS, COM ÊNFASE NOS TEMAS CONSIDERADOS POR ELES COMO OS DE MAIOR COMPLEXIDADE, E PROPOR UMA FERRAMENTA PARA UTILIZAÇÃO, POR ELES, COM DISCENTES DO 5º ANO DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL I. A ANÁLISE DAS RESPOSTAS DOS DISCENTES INDICOU O TEMA CORPO HUMANO COMO O QUE ELES APRESENTAM MAIOR DIFICULDADE DE ASSIMILAÇÃO. POR ESSA RAZÃO, FOI DESENVOLVIDO O JOGO DIDÁTICO INTITULADO “CORPO HUMANO E IMAGEM”, INSPIRADO NO JOGO IMAGEM E AÇÃO® (GROW®).O KIT DO JOGO DIDÁTICO “CORPO HUMANO E IMAGEM” É COMPOSTO POR 1 TABULEIRO COM 80 CASAS, 4 PEÕES COLORIDOS (LARANJA, AZUL, ROSA E VERDE), 40 CARTAS-PERGUNTA, UMA FICHA CONTENDO AS RESPOSTAS DAS QUESTÕES DAS CARTAS-PERGUNTA, UM MANUAL DE REGRAS, UM DADO DE 6 FACES, UMA AMPULHETA (COM O TEMPO DE APROXIMADAMENTE 1 MINUTO) PARA MARCAR O TEMPO PARA RESPOSTA, 4 QUADROS BRANCOS PEQUENOS E 4 PINCÉIS PARA QUADRO BRANCO, NAS CORES DOS PEÕES. AS PERGUNTAS DO JOGO FORAM PRODUZIDAS A PARTIR DE LIVROS DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL I (5º ANO) ADOTADOS PELA REDE MUNICIPAL DE ENSINO DE SANTO ANTÔNIO DE PÁDUA (RJ). PARA A CONFECÇÃO DAS CARTAS-PERGUNTA, FORAM UTILIZADOS, ALÉM DOS LIVROS DIDÁTICOS, NOTEBOOK, IMPRESSORA COLORIDA, PAPEL CARTÃO E UMA PLASTIFICADORA. CADA CARTA-PERGUNTA CONTÊM UMA INFORMAÇÃO SOBRE UM ÓRGÃO, SISTEMA OU OUTRA ESTRUTURA DO CORPO HUMANO E O ALUNO QUE É O DESENHISTA DA VEZ, DEVE IDENTIFICAR E DESENHAR A RESPOSTA CORRETA PARA QUE O SEU GRUPO, AO OLHAR O DESENHO, ACERTE A RESPOSTA. O JOGO “CORPO HUMANO E IMAGEM” SEGUE A SEGUINTE DINÂMICA: A TURMA É DIVIDIDA EM ATÉ 4 EQUIPES; CADA EQUIPE ESCOLHE UM PEÃO COLORIDO (LARANJA, AZUL, ROSA E VERDE); CADA EQUIPE RECEBE 1 QUADRO BRANCO E 1 PINCEL PARA QUADRO BRANCO NA COR ESCOLHIDA; APÓS A DIVISÃO DA TURMA EM EQUIPES, É FEITO O LANÇAMENTO DO DADO PARA DEFINIÇÃO DA ORDEM DE PARTICIPAÇÃO DAS EQUIPES; O MEDIADOR (PROFESSOR) EMBARALHA AS CARTAS E COLOCA COM A FACE DAS PERGUNTAS VOLTADAS PARA BAIXO; ELE APANHA A PRIMEIRA CARTA DA PILHA E ENTREGA PARA UM MEMBRO DA PRIMEIRA EQUIPE, QUE TERÁ O TEMPO DE UMA AMPULHETA PARA FAZER O DESENHO REFERENTE A PERGUNTA E SEU GRUPO ACERTAR A RESPOSTA; A CADA RODADA UM COMPONENTE DO GRUPO É O DESENHISTA QUE TENTA PASSAR À SUA EQUIPE A RESPOSTA DA QUESTÃO, EM FORMA DE DESENHO. É PROIBIDO FALAR, ESCREVER LETRAS E/OU NÚMEROS E FAZER GESTOS E/OU MÍMICAS. EM CASO DE ACERTO, A EQUIPE LANÇA O DADO E ANDA O NÚMERO DE CASAS CORRESPONDENTE, A VEZ PASSA PARA A EQUIPE SEGUINTE E A CARTA-PERGUNTA VAI PARA A PILHA DE DESCARTE. EM CASO DE ERRO, A EQUIPE NÃO LANÇA O DADO, A VEZ PASSA PARA A EQUIPE SEGUINTE E A CARTA-PERGUNTA VAI PARA O FINAL DA PILHA. SE, AO ANDAR PELO TABULEIRO, O PEÃO CAIR NAS CASAS DE COR AZUL CLARO, A EQUIPE TEM DIREITO A MAIS UM LANÇAMENTO DO DADO E ANDA O NÚMERO DE CASAS CORRESPONDENTES; SE O PEÃO CAIR NAS CASAS DE COR PRETA, A EQUIPE FICA UMA RODADA SEM JOGAR. O JOGO SEGUE ESSA DINÂMICA ATÉ QUE UMA DAS EQUIPES ATINJA A CASA “CHEGADA”.
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Sander, Nikola, and Guy J. Abel. "The Future of International Migration." In World Population & Human Capital in the Twenty-First Century. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198813422.003.0011.
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Migration is a key means by which human beings act to preserve or enhance their well-being. Since Homo sapiens first emerged in Africa about 200,000 years ago, geographic mobility has been a prominent strategy for human adaptation and improvement (Cavalli-Sforza et al., 1994). In modern societies, people most commonly migrate to further their economic position or to join family members who migrated before them (Massey et al., 1993). Yet, many others move, both temporarily and permanently, with the more explicit purpose of reducing social, economic, political, or environmental vulnerability (Bardsley and Hugo, 2010; Hunter, 2005; Lundquist and Massey, 2005). All of these forms of human mobility frequently span international borders, oftentimes despite substantial barriers to transborder movement. Estimates of migration flows are the expression of these heterogeneous motivations. As the drivers of migration also vary conspicuously across nations (Clark et al., 2004; Massey and Sana, 2003) and evolve over time within countries (Lindstrom and Ramírez, 2010; Massey, 1990; Massey et al., 1994), they are particularly difficult to forecast. As we show in this chapter, even developing a homogeneous series of baseline estimates at a global level is very complex (Abel, 2013a), further complicating forecasting efforts. Reliable baseline estimates are hard to obtain, for instance, given differences in the definitions across countries of what is an international migrant (Kupiszewska and Nowok, 2008) and owing to the presence of sizable irregular or unauthorized flows in some nations (e.g. Passel et al., 2009). Notwithstanding these difficulties, international migration has increasingly become, and will remain, a crucial component of the population dynamics of many sending and receiving nations. While only 2 per cent of the world’s population lives outside of their country of birth, this figure is above 10 per cent for nationals of countries like Mexico and El Salvador. Foreign-born shares are also substantial relative to the population of many migrant-receiving countries, with levels above 10 per cent (in some cases well above) in North America, most of Western Europe and Oceania, and parts of South East Asia. At the extreme, this share has reached levels of 60–80 per cent in some age groups in the oil-producing nations of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC).
Conference papers on the topic "Component PASCAL"
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Lu, Kai, Koichi Masaki, Jinya Katsuyama, Yinsheng Li, and Shumpei Uno. "Development of Probabilistic Fracture Mechanics Analysis Code PASCAL Version 4 for Reactor Pressure Vessels." In ASME 2018 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2018-84964.
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In Japan, Japan Atomic Energy Agency has developed a PFM analysis code PASCAL (PFM Analysis of Structural Components in Aging LWRs) for structural integrity assessment of Japanese reactor pressure vessels (RPVs) considering neutron irradiation embrittlement and pressurized thermal shock transients. By reflecting the latest knowledge and findings, the PASCAL code has been continuously improved. In this paper, the development of PASCAL Version 4 (hereafter, PASCAL4) is described. Several analysis functions incorporated into PASCAL4 for evaluating the failure frequency of RPVs are introduced, for example, the evaluation function of confidence level of failure frequency considering epistemic and aleatory uncertainties in probabilistic variables, the recent stress intensity factor (KI) solutions and KI calculation methods considering complicated stress distributions, and the recent Japanese irradiation embrittlement prediction method. Finally, using PASCAL4, a PFM analysis example for a Japanese model RPV is presented.
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Azuma, Kisaburo, Yoshihito Yamaguchi, and Yinsheng Li. "Pilot Study on Seismic Fragility Evaluation for Degraded Austenitic Stainless Steel Piping Using the Probabilistic Fracture Mechanics Code PASCAL-SP." In ASME 2021 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2021-62233.
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Abstract Seismic probabilistic risk assessment is a standard methodology to quantify the risk of earthquakes including beyond-design-basis levels. The quality of fragility analysis is one of the major factors that affect the results of seismic probabilistic risk assessments. A previous study revealed that component degradation could affect seismic fragility. In practice, inspection and maintenance programs are implemented to control an undesirable effect of the degradation such as stress corrosion cracking. However, the relation between seismic fragility of degraded component and inspection, maintenance, and mitigation models has not been thoroughly discussed so far. This study discussed the effect of inspection and maintenance on seismic fragility of austenitic stainless steel piping susceptible to stress corrosion cracking. Failure probability was calculated by using a probabilistic fracture mechanics code. The results indicated that the adverse effects of stress corrosion cracking on failure probability could be controlled at a relatively low level if inspection, maintenance, and mitigation measures were implemented properly.
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Li, Yinsheng, Genshichiro Katsumata, Koichi Masaki, Shotaro Hayashi, Yu Itabashi, Masaki Nagai, Masahide Suzuki, and Yasuhiro Kanto. "Verification of Probabilistic Fracture Mechanics Analysis Code PASCAL." In 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-66468.
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Probabilistic fracture mechanics (PFM) has been recognized as a promising methodology in structural integrity assessments of aged pressure boundary components of nuclear power plants because it can rationally represent the influencing parameters in their inherent probabilistic distributions without over conservativeness. In Japan, a PFM analysis code PASCAL (PFM Analysis of Structural Components in Aging LWR) has been developed by the Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) to evaluate the through-wall cracking frequencies of Japanese reactor pressure vessels (RPVs) considering neutron irradiation embrittlement and pressurized thermal shock (PTS) transients. In addition, efforts have been made to strengthen the applicability of PASCAL to structural integrity assessments of domestic RPVs against non-ductile fracture. On the other hand, unlike deterministic analysis codes, the verification of PFM analysis codes is not easy. A series of activities has been performed to verify the applicability of PASCAL. In this study, as a part of the verification activities, a working group was established in Japan, with seven organizations from industry, universities and institutes voluntarily participating as members. Through one year activities, the applicability of PASCAL for structural integrity assessments of domestic RPVs was confirmed with great confidence. This paper presents the details of the verification activities of the working group including the verification plan, approaches and results.
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Onizawa, Kunio, Katsuyuki Shibata, Kazuya Osakabe, and Kazuhisa Tanaka. "Improvements to PFM Analysis Code PASCAL and Some Case Studies on RPV Integrity During Pressurized Thermal Shock." In ASME 2006 Pressure Vessels and Piping/ICPVT-11 Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2006-icpvt-11-93368.
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The probabilistic fracture mechanics (PFM) analysis code PASCAL (PFM Analysis of Structural Components in Aging LWR) has been developed at JAEA to evaluate the conditional failure probability of a reactor pressure vessel (RPV) containing a flaw under transient conditions such as pressurized thermal shock (PTS). Some functions of PASCAL have been improved such as the Monte Carlo method, the probability of crack detection (POD) by inspection and the graphical user interface (GUI). Using the improved PASCAL, case studies on some parameters for some typical PTS transients have been performed. When the crack existence probability for the Marshall- and PNNL-type distributions is considered, the failure probabilities are approximately the same order of magnitude. The effect of chemical composition of the vessel material was studied through a comparison of conditional failure probabilities for some transients. The effect of POD for inspection was also compared and evaluated in terms of the inspection effectiveness and frequency.
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Mano, Akihiro, Yoshihito Yamaguchi, Jinya Katsuyama, and Yinsheng Li. "Improvement of Probabilistic Fracture Mechanics Analysis Code PASCAL-SP With Regard to Primary Water Stress Corrosion Cracking." In 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-66145.
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Structural integrity assessments for cracked nuclear components are currently performed on the basis of deterministic fracture mechanics in accordance with the Rules on Fitness-for-Service for Nuclear Power Plant of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers. On the other hand, probabilistic fracture mechanics (PFM) is expected as a rational method for a structural integrity assessment because it can account for the uncertainties and scatters of various influencing factors and can evaluate quantitative values such as the failure probabilities of the components as the solutions. In the Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), a PFM analysis code PASCAL-SP was developed in order to evaluate the failure probability of nuclear pipe by taking into account aging degradation mechanisms such as inter-granular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC) and fatigue in the boiling water reactor (BWR) environment. Recently, a number of cracks due to primary water stress corrosion cracking (PWSCC) have been detected in nickel-based alloy welds in the primary piping of pressurized water reactors (PWRs). Therefore, the structural integrity assessment for primary piping taking PWSCC into consideration has become important. This paper details the improvement of PASCAL-SP to evaluate the failure probability of primary pipe taking PWSCC into consideration. We introduce several probabilistic evaluation models such as crack initiation, crack growth and crack detection models related to PWSCC into PASCAL-SP. As numerical examples, the failure probabilities for circumferential and axial cracks in nickel-based alloy weld in pipe in the PWR primary water environment are calculated. We also evaluate the influence of non-destructive inspection on failure probabilities. On the basis of the numerical results, we conclude that the improved PASCAL-SP is useful for evaluating the failure probability of primary pipe taking PWSCC into account.
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Mano, Akihiro, Jinya Katsuyama, and Yinsheng Li. "Benchmarking Study on Probabilistic Fracture Mechanics Analysis Codes xLPR and PASCAL-SP Considering Primary Water Stress Corrosion Cracking." In ASME 2021 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2021-61202.
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Abstract Probabilistic fracture mechanics (PFM) is expected as a more rational methodology for the structural integrity assessments of nuclear power components because it can consider the inherent probabilistic distributions of various influencing factors and quantitatively evaluate the failure probabilities of the components. The Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) has developed a PFM analysis code, PASCAL-SP, to evaluate the failure probabilities of piping caused by aging degradation mechanisms, such as fatigue and stress corrosion cracking in the environments of both pressurized water and boiling water reactors. To improve confidence in the analysis results obtained from PASCAL-SP, a benchmarking study was conducted together with the PFM analysis code, xLPR, which was developed jointly by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) and the Electric Power Research Institute. The benchmarking study was composed of deterministic and probabilistic analyses related to primary water stress corrosion cracking in a dissimilar metal weld joint in a pressurized water reactor surge line. The analyses were conducted independently by NRC staff and JAEA using their own codes and under common analysis conditions. In the present paper, the analysis conditions for the deterministic and probabilistic analyses are described in detail, and the analysis results obtained from the xLPR and PASCAL-SP codes are presented. It was confirmed that the analysis results obtained from the two codes were in good agreement.
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Lu, Kai, Jinya Katsuyama, Yinsheng Li, and Shinobu Yoshimura. "Application of Probabilistic Fracture Mechanics Methodology for Japanese Reactor Pressure Vessels Using PASCAL4." In ASME 2019 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2019-93935.
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Abstract Probabilistic fracture mechanics (PFM) methodology, which represents the influence parameters in their inherent probabilistic distributions, is deemed to be promising in the structural integrity assessment of pressure-boundary components in nuclear power plants. To strengthen the applicability of PFM methodology in Japan, Japan Atomic Energy Agency has developed a PFM analysis code called PASCAL4 (PFM Analysis of Structural Components in Aging LWRs, Version 4) which can be used to evaluate the failure frequency of reactor pressure vessels (RPVs) considering neutron irradiation embrittlement and pressurized thermal shock events. PASCAL4 is expected to make a significant contribution to the probabilistic integrity assessment of Japanese RPVs. In this study, PFM analyses are performed for a Japanese model RPV using PASCAL4, and the effects of non-destructive examination and neutron fluence mitigation on failure frequency of RPV are quantitatively evaluated. From the analysis results, it is concluded that PASCAL4 is useful for the structural integrity assessment of RPVs and can enhance the applicability of PFM methodology.
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Arai, Kensaku, Jinya Katsuyama, and Yinsheng Li. "Sensitivity Study on the Effects of Nondestructive Examinations on Failure Probabilities of Reactor Pressure Vessels." In ASME 2018 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2018-84989.
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Reactor pressure vessels (RPVs) in nuclear power plants are important components that prevent non-ductile fracture considering neutron irradiation embrittlement as aging degradation and several types of transients. An analysis code called PASCAL for assessing failure frequencies of RPVs based on probabilistic fracture mechanics has been developed by the Japan Atomic Energy Agency. In failure frequency analyses, flaw size distribution in RPVs is one of the most important parameters, and it is determined by considering possible flaws generated during fabrication and the flaw-detection capabilities of nondestructive examinations (NDEs). Flaw-detection capabilities of NDEs are represented as probability of detection (POD) curves related to flaw sizes. In this study, the effects of NDEs on failure frequencies of RPVs are evaluated using PASCAL considering simplified POD curves in terms of minimum detectable flaw size, the smallest probability of non-detection (PND), and flaw size where POD value reaches the smallest PND.
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Osakabe, Kazuya, Koichi Masaki, Jinya Katsuyama, Genshichiro Katsumata, Kunio Onizawa, and Shinobu Yoshimura. "Study on Application of PFM Analysis Method to Japanese Code for RPV Integrity Assessment Under PTS Events." In ASME 2015 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2015-45497.
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A probabilistic fracture mechanics (PFM) analysis method for pressure boundary components is useful to evaluate the structural integrity in a quantitative way. This is because the uncertainties related to influence parameters can be rationally incorporated in PFM analysis. From this viewpoint, the probabilistic approach evaluating through-wall cracking frequencies (TWCFs) of reactor pressure vessels (RPVs) has already been adopted as the regulation on fracture toughness requirements against PTS events in the U.S. As a study of applying PFM analysis to the integrity assessment of domestic RPVs, JAEA has been preparing input data and analysis models to calculate TWCFs using PFM analysis code PASCAL3. In this paper, activities have been introduced such as preparing input data and models for domestic RPVs, verification of PASCAL3, and formulating guideline on general procedures of PFM analysis for the purpose of utilizing PASCAL3. In addition, TWCFs for a model RPV evaluated by PASCAL3 are presented.
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May, Dave A., Patrick Sanan, Karl Rupp, Matthew G. Knepley, and Barry F. Smith. "Extreme-Scale Multigrid Components within PETSc." In PASC '16: Platform for Advanced Scientific Computing Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2929908.2929913.
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