Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Comportement dynamique des élastomères'
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Gacem, Hatem. "Comportement visco-hyperélastique des élastomères : viscoélasticité non linéaire, application aux multicouches." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066432.
Full textPetiteau, Jean-Christophe. "Caractérisation expérimentale et modélisation du comportement des élastomères en dynamique rapide : application aux plots de suspension." Phd thesis, Ecole centrale de nantes - ECN, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00841462.
Full textMorin, Benjamin. "Modélisation de liaisons flexibles amortissantes en élastomères pour la prédiction du comportement dynamique de systèmes complexes." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CNAM1067/document.
Full textIn the context of passive damping, various mechanical systems from the space, aeronautic or auto-mobile industry use elastomer components (shock absorbers, silent blocks, flexible joints...).These materials have frequency, temperature and amplitude dependentcharacteristics. The associated numerical models may become computationally too expensive during an optimization process.The aim of this work is to propose an efficient reduced model of rubber devices that account for the viscoelastic damping and the non-linear pre-stress in the dampers.The first part of this thesis is about how to include the viscoelasticdamping in the reduced model. It starts by using a viscoelastic constitutive relation, based on experimental identification, within the frame of the finite element method to obtain a numerical model of the rubber dampers. A first efficient reduced model is then derived from this FE model by using an original extension of sub-structuring methods in the case of viscoelastic damping.In the second part, the influence of non-linear static pre-stress overthe dynamic behavior and the dissipation in the dampers is studied. An hyper-visco-elastic constitutive relation, linearized in the neighbourhood of a pre-stressed state, is developed. The sub-structuring methods presented in the first part are then upgraded to account for the damping and the geometrical non-linearities in the dampers. Finally, these 2-node reduced models give access to greatly reduced computation times (50 to 100 times faster) and are easy to use for the engineer
De, La Chapelle Christophe. "Développement d'une technique torsionnelle dynamique pour l'étude du comportement non-linéaire de matériaux élastomères non-vulcanisés." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066180.
Full textHuynh, Kim Long Alex. "Analyse du comportement dynamique d'un élastomère : modélisation et identification." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2005. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001265.
Full textJrad, Hanen. "Etude du comportement dynamique non linéaire des composants viscoélastiques : Caractérisation, modélisation et identification." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01017063.
Full textMahaud, Morgane. "Étude par dynamique moléculaire du comportement mécanique et de la rupture d'élastomères irradiés." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEI048/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to improve the understanding of the links between microstructure and mechanical properties of irradiated degradated elastomeric networks using molecular coarse-grained dynamics. The polymer chains are created by a pseudo-radical polymerization algorithm and then crosslinked by an algorithm which generate a controlled spatial distribution, random or not, of the crosslinking nodes. The process can include the simulation of bond breaks. The equilibration of the networks thus created is then carried out with intergroup forces whose parameters are derived from the work of Kremer and Grest. In the case of random networks, the link between the density of active chains, of pendant chains and the length of the chains portions with the number of crosslinking nodes and the soluble fraction is well described by the appropriate statistical models. Simulated tests of isochronous mechanical spectrometry at different temperatures make it possible to find (i) when the chains are not crosslinked, the influence of the length of the chains on the length of the rubber plateau and on Tα, and (ii) when they are crosslinked , The influence of the crosslinking density on the height of this plateau. The simulated uniaxial tensile tests confirm the relationship between the mechanical modulus and the density of chemical nodes and trapped entanglement nodes. Different processes intervene before failure: in the case of random networks, the break of covalent bonds occurs in a homogeneous manner, then cavitation, striction and finally the failure of bonds in the filaments of the zone of constriction; the elongation at final failure is always close to twice that at the first failure of the bond (itself connected to the modulus of the material). At the same crosslinking density, the behavior at small deformations and hardening is little influenced by a heterogeneous crosslinking by zones. At the same density of chemical nodes, a slight decrease in the Young's modulus is observed for interpenetrating double networks, which can be explained by entanglements; Moreover, they break homogeneously in the most reticulated sub-network. The heterogeneous networks containing more cross-linked spherical zones have ruptures at the interface with the less cross-linked zones which lead to a reduction in the maximum stress reached before total rupture; this is explained by the decrease in the number of percolating paths which can withstand mechanical stress when passing the rigid-> soft interface. In the end, homogeneous systems based on long chains generally show better failure behavior (ultimate elongation and maximum stress) than heterogeneous systems, including dual networks. Moreover, among all the simulated networks, those which are by far the least efficient are the homogeneous networks cut
Papon, Aurélie. "Dynamique dans les élastomères renforcés et conséquences." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00733056.
Full textVerron, Erwan. "Modélisation du comportement des structures et des matériaux élastomères." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Nantes, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00833719.
Full textRaoult, Ida. "Structures élastomères sous chargement cyclique : comportement, fatigue, durée de vie." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00521633.
Full textRaoult, Ida. "Structures élastomères sous chargement cyclique : Comportement – Fatigue – Durée de vie." École polytechnique, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EPXX0090.
Full textThe automotive industry must ensure the service life of numerous rubber components used for anti vibratory purposes. This work aims at proposing a method to predict the fatigue life of a carbon-black reinforced natural rubber structure. The approach proposed here consists in uncoupling the evolution of the mechanics behaviour and damage under cyclic loading. We make the assumption that the behaviour tends to stabilize and that the lifetime, defined as the initiation of a crack, depends only on the mechanical variables in the stabilized state. Upon cyclic loading, elastomers experience a stress-softening phenomenon known as the Mullins’ effect. This phenomenon occurs mostly during the first few cycles, after which the response of the material remains unchanged by additional reloading. We propose a model to represent this stabilized state, supposed to depend only on some cyclic variables. The parameters are the maximum stretches reached in a finite number of material directions, in order to describe the anisotropy induced by the Mullins’ effect. This model is used to analyse a large number of uniaxial and multixial fatigue tests realised with cylindrical dumbbell specimens. We show its ability to take into account the type of control (force or displacement) and the influence of an initial overload. The analysis of the multiaxial data indicates that the maximum principal stress is well correlated with lifetime for all types of solicitations, excepting those which involve multi-plane cumulative damage. A cumulative damage law is proposed to account for these types of loading
Carpentier-Gabrieli, Catherine. "Modélisation théorique et numérique du comportement viscoélastique d'élastomères sous sollicitations harmoniques." Aix-Marseille 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX22103.
Full textDelorme, David. "Modélisation numérique du comportement mécanique de matériaux composites à matrice élastomèrique." Aix-Marseille 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX22083.
Full textBikard, Jérôme Henri. "Un modèle de comportement visco-élastique plastique endommageable pour les élastomères chargés." Aix-Marseille 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX22075.
Full textSamaca, Martinez José Ricardo. "Analyse thermomécanique du comportement cyclique des élastomères par mesure de champs." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01023976.
Full textOstoja-Kuczynski, Élisabeth. "Comportement en fatigue des élastomères : application aux structures antivibratoires pour l'automobile." Nantes, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NANT2153.
Full textThe delivery time for a new car project was previously five years and is now two years. In this context, the numerical simulation should replace experiments in order to sufficiently reduce the design time of new components. Nowadays, simulation of static and dynamic responses of new AVS components is widely used during the design loop, but duration life estimation remains a critical objective for rubber manufactures. In this context, a fatigue life criterion is a necessary pre-requisite to numerically establish the relevance of technical solutions before their experimental validation. In this work, several aspects of fatigue of rubbers are studied : 1 – very long and very short duration life, 2 – reinforcement phenomenon under non-relaxing conditions, 3 – temperature influence and 4 – multiaxiality effects. For each case, propagation law and initiation law are investigated in order to demonstrate that propagation and initiation were drive by similar physical mechanisms
Corre, Thomas. "Rupture dynamique de membranes élastomères : étude expérimentale par mesure de champs." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ECDN0043/document.
Full textThis PhD thesis tackles the issue of dynamic fracture of elastomer membranes from an experimental point of view. It aims at providing some insight to predict the trajectories of high speed cracks under large strain. An experimental procedure involving high resolution and high speed cameras is developed in order to perform full-field measurements based on digital image correlation during crack propagation. Tested with a highly stretchable elastomer (polyurethane), this set-up permits to retrieve the material configurations of the sample all along crack growth, which is a crucial step toward a complete mechanical analysis of the problem. In addition to the kinematic fields,both strain energy density and stress fields are estimated thanks to a hyperelastic model, which is issued from mechanical characterisation of the material. Results of these experiments provide a comprehensive database on dynamic fracture of membranes. The method is designed to perform kinematic and energetic analyses of both steady and unsteady crack propagation in the reference configuration. Supersonic crack growth is observed for large prescribed deformation of the membranes. Finally, these observations lead to a discussion on the energetic approach in dynamic crack growth and the current applicability of full-field measurements to characterise dynamic crack growth in elastomers
Trabelsi, Sondes. "Etude statique et dynamique de la cristallisation des élastomères sous tension." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112193.
Full textStress-induced crystallization using X-ray diffraction: Under equilibrium condition: At fixed draw ratio, the crystallites formed by elastomers (natural, synthetic and filled rubber) are oriented along the stretching direction. They have the same and constant size during crystallisation. Hence crystallinity rises by multiplication of crystallites. The maximum of crystallinity of natural rubber (NR) depends on the amount of sulphur in the rubber, but not on the fillers inserted. The dimensions of crystallites depend on draw ratio. They increase along the draw direction and decrease along others while maintaining their volume. They decrease with the cross-linking density. Above 15ʿC, the filled rubber shows a semi-plateau for crystallinity due to the heterogeneity in crystallite distribution. All the curves [phi]([lambda]) ([phi] can be crystallinity, crystal size or melting temperature) of filled and synthetic NR can coincide with the unfilled NR by simple translation. During continuous stretching: Crystallites formed by rubber in cycling deformation produce antagonist effects. They are considered as additional cross-linking inserted during loading. Consequently the force tends to increase during stretching. The amorphous parts become more isotropic, therefore the tensile force decreases its value. These effects lead to relaxation only in the retraction phase. The hysteresis during loading cycles for unfilled natural and synthetic rubber is only due to retardation with regards to the crystallization. In cycling deformation between two extremes [lambda]max and [lambda]min the crystallinity at [lambda]max decreases linearly with deformation amplitude [delta][lambda] = [lambda]max -[lambda]min and disappears for a critical frequency depending on [delta][lambda] = [lambda]max -[lambda]min and [lambda]max. Stress-induced crystallization around crack tip: A map of iso-contours (iso-crystallinity) and dimensions of the crystalline zone around crack tips have been measured as function of strain, cross-linking density and crack length
Benali, Abdelkader. "Comportement dynamique des butées hydrodynamiques." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37611760m.
Full textBenali, Abdelkader. "Comportement dynamique des butées hydrodynamiques." Poitiers, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988POIT2011.
Full textChampagne, Jonathan. "Modélisation physique du comportement mécanique linéaire et non-linéaire des élastomères renforcés." Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLM043.
Full textThe addition of fillers into a polymer matrix, such as nano-silica into silicone rubbers, brings an outstanding enhancement in the mechanical properties (stiffness, hysteresis, ultimate strength,...). In return, many dependencies or nonlinearities appear in the mechanical behaviour which do not exist in the pure rubber. The relation between the microstructure and the macroscopic mechanical properties is not yet clearly understood.Thus, we start with the development of a stochastic model describing the linear mechanical response of filled rubbers. This model is based on the glassy bridges theory. The typical microstructure of the system is composed by a bridges lengths and orientations distribution, i.e. confined polymer chains between aggregates. The local mechanical response of a single bridge can be glassy or rubbery depending on the confinement degree, the temperature and the strain amplitude. The macroscopic mechanical properties of the distribution are calculated by the mean of a self-consistent homogenization. For all our materials, the bridges distribution has been identified based on the linear mechanical reinforcement measurements.The stochastic model also provides the physical origin of the pressure-temperature superposition highlighted on the stiffness. The temperature makes the glassy bridges disappear (softening) while the pressure creates new ones (hardening). The glassy bridges theory allows us to suggest a new pressure-temperature superposition law for filled elastomers.Then, we show that the theory is also capable, to a first approximation, to describe the nonlinear mechanical properties (Payne effect) of our samples. Finally, we implement the constitutive equations of a macroscopique behaviour into a finite element software. Although the thermodynamical framework is standard, the material parameters are given by responses surfaces which are identified based on the stochastic model
Berardi, Georges. "Modelisation numerique du comportement thermo-viscoelastique d'un elastomere en grandes deformations." Aix-Marseille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX11001.
Full textMaheu, Pierre. "Contribution à l'étude du comportement tribologique de revêtements polymères chargés présentant des propriétés d'antiadhérence ou d'antiadhésion." Besançon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BESA2036.
Full textGhfiri, Hassane. "Application de la mécanique de la rupture aux matériaux à comportement non linéaire : contributions respectives des dimensions finies et du comportement du matériau dans l'expression du paramètre énergétique J." Lille 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIL10162.
Full textBarrade, Philippe. "Comportement dynamique des ensembles convertisseur - filtre." Toulouse, INPT, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPT113H.
Full textBrajer, Xavier. "Comportement dynamique du verre sous impact." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004DENS0025.
Full textThis work deals with armored glazings, which are composed of glass and plastic layers. Dynamic phenomena inducing glass fragmentation are analysed to propose new innovative solutions. The experimental results are used to construct a numerical model of glass fragmentation and to propose numeric simulations of impacts on multi layer
Mevel, Bruno. "Comportement dynamique des roulements à billes." Lyon, INSA, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ISAL0079.
Full textThe dynamical behaviour of a ball bearing is studied through a theoretical model and some experiments. One of the expected issues was the evaluation of the vibration generated by the geometrical imperfections of bearings. But the problem is not easy because the bearing is a highly non-linear system and the techniques of the chaotic physics were used to describe the motions. The routes to chaos were described as functions of the rotational speed, the damping factor and the internal clearance of the bearing, they are the cascade of sub-harmonic and the quasi-periodic routes. An experiment was carried out and showed some of the bifurcations scheduled by theory. A program was achieved to simulate the vibration of bearing including its geometrical imperfections and the comparison with experiments was excellent. Our study showed that some of the defects are masked by predominant imperfections and therefore the fabrication process to be improved
Jazzar, Mohamad Fadl. "Modélisation du comportement hyperélastique quasi incompressible de structures acier-élastomères et validation expérimentale." Aix-Marseille 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX22085.
Full textBoissezon, Rémi. "Amélioration du comportement au feu des élastomères silicones pour des applications en câblerie." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20186.
Full textSilicones exhibit excellent fire properties. They do not release toxic products and release a low rate of heat when they burn. However, to be used as wires for safety devices, they need greater ashes cohesion and they have to release less smoke during combustion. To that end, many phosphorus compounds have been introduced in a model silicone formulation to generate a charring layer. Whatever the phosphorous compound introduced in formulations, the fire behavior was deteriorated and the silicone thermal stability decreased. Moreover, the residue cohesion was not improved by these compounds. Hence, glass frits with low melting points and borates based compounds were tested in a second step. Just one particular glass frit was able to improve the ashes cohesion but the fire behavior was impaired by a decrease of the silicone thermal stability.The objective in term of decrease of smoke release was achieved by the dispersion of a high aspect ratio talc able to generate a barrier effect. This barrier effect also permitted to decrease the total heat release and mass loss. Unfortunately, ashes cohesion was not improved by this talc. In combination with melamine cyanurate, this talc succeeded to reach the V-0 classification according to the UL-94 test. The talc still imparts a barrier effect but it was slightly disturbed by the gaseous release of nitrogen compound. An optimization of the formula could be interesting to preserve the V-0 classification and an optimum barrier effect
Brunac, Jean-Baptiste. "Modélisation numérique du comportement en fatigue des élastomères chargés de noir de carbone." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066511.
Full textBouchart, Vanessa. "Étude expérimentale et modélisation micromécanique du comportement et de l'endommagement des élastomères renforcés." Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-Bouchart.pdf.
Full textBile, Bernadette. "Comportement mécanique de mélanges à matrice polystyrène renforcés au choc." Lille 1, 1999. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1999/50376-1999-121.pdf.
Full textSaad, Patricia. "Modélisation et identification du comportement non linéaire des cales en caoutchouc." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2003. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/psaad.pdf.
Full textWe develop a numerical model to compute non linear rubber bush response. The objective is to take into account elasticity, damping, and non linear properties in a simple model dedicated to full vehicle modelling simulation. It is therefore important that the constitutive model a accurately capture theses aspects of the mechanical behaviour. To take into account these properties, Finite Element Codes use several complex constitutive laws. All these constituve equations can be integrated in finite element models and many algorithms are developed for this purpose. The main drawback of this procedure is its complexity. The number of dof is too high to be integrated in a vehicle study. Our work aims at giving a simplified approximation of the force as a function of the displacement and its derivatives, starting from a microscopic constitutive equation. Starting from a finite element model and a constutive law, we want to generate an equivalent rheological model, with a few dof. This model aims at predicting the frequency response of the bush, function of its geometry, of the load, of the parameters of the constitutive law. To do so, we approximate the displacement as a linear combination of admissible kinematic displacement fields, according to the Rayleigh-Ritz approximation. Hyperelastic models are used to fit on linear quasi static force deflection curves. Viscoelastic constitutive laws are also developped. In order to predict amplitude dependency observed when we measure steady state harmonic response, we use a Volterra development of the stress strain constitutive equation. To take into account preload effects, we linearize a viscohyperelastic model. The predictions of these models are compared to experimental data
Lopez-Pamies, Oscar. "Sur le comportement effective, l'évolution de microstructure et la stabilité macroscopique des composite élastomères." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002978.
Full textLopez-Pamies, Oscar. "Sur le comportement effective, l'évolution de microstructure, et la stabilité macroscopique des composites élastomères." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EPXX0049.
Full textGagnol, Vincent. "Modélisation du comportement dynamique des électrobroches UGV." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00695243.
Full textVelkova, Cvetelina Vladimirova. "Modélisation du comportement dynamique des rotors d'hélicoptères." Phd thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure d'arts et métiers - ENSAM, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00997268.
Full textQuiroz, Gil Jorge. "Surveillance du comportement dynamique des processus industriels." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37609055t.
Full textHernandez, Pascal. "Modélisation du comportement d'un dispositif d'étanchéité dynamique." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30214.
Full textVillard, Claude. "Etude du comportement dynamique d'un robot quadrupède." Paris 6, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA066660.
Full textSriti, Mohammed. "Comportement statique et dynamique des joints labyrinthe." Lille 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIL10075.
Full textAbonneau, Laurence. "Modélisation du comportement dynamique d'isolateurs sous pollution." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ECDL0010.
Full textCouderc, Philippe. "Comportement dynamique des chaînes de transmission automobiles." Lyon, INSA, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ISAL0063.
Full textThis work sets out the theoretical and experimental study of the torsional dynamic behavior of drive powertrains. It includes the design of an experimental set-up and computer software to predict dynamic behavior and seek efficient technical solutions. The first chapter deals with understanding the torsional vibration of a driveline excited by engine flywheel velocity fluctuations. The dynamic behavior corresponding to idle gear rattle, gear noise, surging, transmission noises are identified. A state of the art is also presented. In chapter two, a driveline linear analysis is achieved by using simple models. Then nonlinear effects are studied on simple models which lead to better understanding of gear tooth impacts associated with a multi-stage nonlinear clutch. The different types of impacts are identified, gear rattle criteria are studied, and finally, the main parameters influencing the noise reduction on idle gear rattle are discussed. In chapter three, a finite element model is used to study the dynamic behavior of actual systems and to perform transient analysis. A special rod element is used and three nonlinear elements are developed: multi-stage clutch with dry friction, gear backlash, differential. The time response is calculated with a Newmark time integration scheme and a pseudo-modal method. Models are validated on two industrial applications by comparing numerical and experimental results. This permits clearly identifying the transient phenomenon and it provides very satisfactory agreements. An industrial version of the software VICTOR is installed and used at RENAULT. Chapter four deals with the experimental study. An experimental set-up of the whole driveline has been designed and built. It allows simulation of the basic phenomenon occurring on vehicles and validation of the numerical models. A software including the signal processing of instantaneous rotational speed has been developed for analysing experimental results
Lucas, Yann. "Comportement macroscopique des écoulements à interface dynamique." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005INPL016N.
Full textScattered microscopic interfaces system in a fluid in porous medium brings non-linearity in macroscopic flow model. Whether these interfaces are regular or singular, they bring fundamental changes in streamlines or no t, macroscopic model changes are radical or not. Two types of interfaces system have been studied. The first one deals with the interface between two phases. Homogenization by asymptotic development in periodic medium bas been used to derive macroscopic laws, in porous medium, from microscopic laws in capillary. It bas been shown that planned interface, regular, should be distinguished from meniscus interface, singular. Ln first case, pressure gradient ofboth phases are present in macroscopic law, but not capillarity. Ln second case, homogenization needs first to salve some problems like phases prolongation, flow periodicity, triple point, and leads to a capillarity vector in macroscopic law, but not two pressure gradients. The second type of system deals with the structure interface which separates 1\\10 regions of specific flow mode in a one phase flow. The study of the macroscopic behaviour ofthese structured flows aims to contribute to the comprehension of theoretical basements of Darcy-Forchheimer law. Due to CFD-ACE code, numerical simulations have been perfonned through a loophole, for which effects of viscous and inertial forces have been evaluated. Results of these simulations show that no-periodicity, namely anisotropy, is a possible cause for quadratic correction appearance, but the major point is the singularity of the structure interface movement as responsible for quadratic tenD : instability of this interface enables an accumulation offluid at low velocity in loophole border
Velkova, Cvetelina Vladimirova. "Modélisation du comportement dynamique des rotors d’hélicoptères." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENAM0055/document.
Full textMODELING THE DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF HELICOPTER ROTORThe aim of the thesis is the investigation and modeling of dynamic and aerodynamic behavior of helicopter rotor considering both inertial and aerodynamic forces and taking into account the elastic deformation of the blades. The proposed coupling algorithm allows the transient calculations with data exchange between the fluid and structure solvers at each time step.The particularity of this research is the use of an actuator line aerodynamic model, which represents the blade forces applied to the fluid as source terms. These source terms are distributed in the grid cells where the blade is located. Thus the rotation, flapping and torsion of the blade can be represented without any grid deformation. An advantage of the actuator line is that the simulation uses a reduced number of nodes, because the “wall” boundary conditions do not need to be modeled.The case of small experimental helicopter rotor is studied in forward flight. The fluid and structure solvers are coupled to calculate aerodynamic and dynamic behavior of the rotor. For this purpose, a loosely coupling serial staggered algorithm is applied. The iterative calculations are controlled by specially developed code. At the beginning of each iteration, this code calculates and distributes the source terms in the fluid domain. At the end of the time step, the code runs the structural solver to execute a single time step. This solver calculates the blade displacement under aerodynamic, elastic and inertial forces, and the results are returned to the fluid solver. The calculated blade displacements serve as reference in the next fluid step to distribute the source terms. The calculation stops when the convergence criteria are met.In order to validate the simulated case, measurements are carried on in the wind tunnel. The power and aerodynamic thrust of the rotor are measured. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) is used to obtain the velocity field around the rotor. Phase locked measurement in azimuth planes enabled to reconstruct 3D flow field. The comparison between numerical results and experiments shows good agreement and permits to validate the proposed coupling method
Baumann, Florian. "Vieillissement et comportement d’échelle dynamique hors équilibre." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NAN10106/document.
Full textAgeing phenomena and dynamical scaling behaviour have been observed in many out-of-equilibrium systems, but a general framework for the description of such systems is still missing. A first step in this direction is the theory of local scale-invariance (LSI), which attempts to identify generalised forms of spatio-temporal dynamical scaling. For systems with a dynamical exponent z = 2, it has already been known how to treat stochastic partial differential equations and the consequences have been verified in many explicit models. In this thesis a reformulation and extension of LSI for systems with z ? 2 is presented. We infer for the first time generalised Bargmann superselection and discuss extended dynamical symmetries of Langevin equations with z ? 2. We can establish a formalism for the calculation of non-equilibrium correlation -and response functions and the results are confirmed in several new model calculations. Secondly, the ageing behaviour in reaction-diffusion systems is investigated. Although the main features of ageing as seen in magnets are still valid, important differences in exponent relations are found. Explicitly, the contact process is studied through field-theoretical methods and two bosonic models are solved exactly. For the latter, we show how to extend LSI with z = 2 to nonlinear models. Thirdly, the ageing behaviour in semi-infinite magnetic systems close to the surface is considered. The results show that the general scaling picture known from infinite systems remains valid, but some ageing exponents and scaling functions differ from the bulk quantities
Lainé, Eric. "Lois de comportement isotropes non-linéaires en grandes déformations ; application au caoutchouc." Poitiers, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998POIT2312.
Full textDupres, Stephane. "DYNAMIQUE, DÉFORMATIONS LOCALES ET IRRÉVERSIBILITÉS DANS DES ÉLASTOMÈRES RENFORCÉS PAR DU NOIR DE CARBONE." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00154875.
Full textDupres, Stéphane. "Dynamique, déformations locales et irréversibilités dans des élastomères renforcés par du noir de carbone." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112276.
Full textReinforced elastomers are nanocomposite materials made of an elastomer matrix filled with nanometric inorganic particles or aggregates. Great interest is focussed at the moment on their remarkable mechanical properties, on both the industrial and fundamental sides: reinforcement, non-linear behaviour, irreversibility, outstanding resistance to tear and abrasion. Filled rubbers of practical interest are most often reinforced with carbon black aggregates, which exhibit fractal structures with various morphologies. We shall present some experimental results which give some insight into the microscopic processes which are responsible for the mechanical behaviour of these systems. By correlating deuterium NMR and stress measurements at large draw ratio, we show that the elastic energy stored in the system at the scale of polymer chains depends essentially on the carbon black morphology. Plasticity is an important aspect of the behaviour of reinforced elastomers. This is a challenge in industrial applications as well. It may be related to two phenomena that can lead to microscopic irreversibility : the presence of a rigid polymer layer in the vicinity of filler particles, and/or non-affine deformation of the network of solid particles/aggregates, at a scale that remains to be defined. SAXS allowed us to prove the existence of non affine deformations at the scale of the CB aggregates under large draw ratios
Vandenbroucke, Aude. "Étude du comportement mécanique pour différentes températures d'un élastomère : caractérisations expérimentale et numérique." Lorient, 2010. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00836556.
Full textThe objective of this study is to develop a model to reproduce the elastomer mechanical behaviour function of the temperature. For this study, preliminary experimental work is performed to highlight the different mechanical phenomena to present the material with changing temperature. The studied material is a fluoro-carbon synthetic elastomer (FKM), Viton. This elastomer has excellent performance at high temperatures and chemical attacks. Its properties are used for various applications such as sealing, damping, isolation, etc. The mechanical characterization of materials is performed using conventional tension, compression and relaxation tests on a range of temperatures from -40°C to 100°C. The cyclic loading tests reveal a significant presence of hyperelasticity for elastomers. The relaxation tests enable us to describe the viscosity of the material. In addition, loading tests interrupted by relaxations have also been carried out for different strain rates with relaxation times of 900s. They show equilibrium hysteresis demonstrating the presence of hysteresis for our material. In this study, we have chosen to consider only the temperature range from -8°C to 100°C to reproduce correctly the material behaviour. The model is a phenomenological constitutive model based on an additive decomposition of powers. The model consists of three stress contributions: hyperelasticity, viscosity and hysteresis. This model will be named Hyperelasto-visco-hysteresis (HVH) where the contribution is taken into account hyperelastic using phenomenological potential of Hart-Smith. The viscosity is described using the generalized Maxwell model and the hysteretic contribution is taken into account using an original model. In this study we consider only the first loading cycle of our material. A method of identification has been established to better take into account the different contributions of the model. The identification of material parameters for isotherms are performed in the range of temperature studied. Validation of the model will be initially tested at room temperature on a loading case of industrial gasket relaxation. To validate the model as a function of temperature we simulate different cases of loading isotherm. Then, the simulation of a relaxation test in compression undergoing temperature cycles is performed to compare the model to calculate temperature dependent