Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Comportement élastoplastique'
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Montoya, Dominique. "Comportement élastoplastique d'une nuance de béryllium." Paris 13, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA132010.
Full textEvrard, Pierre. "Modélisation polycristalline du comportement élastoplastique d'un acier inoxydable austéno-ferritique." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00316073.
Full textDeux modèles de la littérature sont étendus à l'acier duplex. Les comportements des grains austénitiques et ferritiques sont décrits via des lois de plasticité cristallines. L'identification des paramètres matériau ne demande que deux essais mécaniques simples et des données de la littérature. Les modèles proposés rendent bien compte des premières boucles d'hystérésis d'essais de traction-compression/torsion non-proportionnels et de l'évolution des surfaces de plasticité.
Puis, l'adoucissement cyclique a été expliqué à partir d'analyses MET. Celles-ci ont montré que les deux phases participent à l'adoucissement cyclique. Cependant, dans une première approche, seul le réarrangement des dislocations en zones dures et molles dans les grains ferritiques a été modélisé. Les résultats montrent que le nouveau modèle prédit bien le durcissement et l'adoucissement cyclique, et les boucles d'hytérésis au cycle stabilisé.
Enfin, les champs cinématiques issus d'un calcul de microstructure ont été comparés à ceux mesurés (El Bartali07). Une bonne concordance est observée suite à un trajet de traction monotone, l'écart est plus important pour un trajet de traction-compression.
Evrard, Pierre. "Modélisation polycristalline du comportement élastoplastique d’un acier inoxydable austéno-ferritique." Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/31/60/73/PDF/These_Evrard.pdf.
Full textUntil now, the plastic behaviour of an austenitic-ferritic stainless steel (DSS) has been modelled using phenomenological models. Unfortunately, these models do not take into account the biphased character of the material, and the polycrystalline character of each phase. Furthermore, a large experimental data base is necessary in order to identify model parameters. These results motivated the development of a biphased polycrystalline model. Two models are used and extended in order to take into account both polycrystalline phases. A single crystal law describes each austenitic and ferritic phase. Model parameter identification needs only two simple tests and literature results. Both models predict correctly the first hysteresis loops for a tension-compression/torsion test and the yield surface evolution. Then, the cyclic softening is explained from transmission electronic microscopy analyses. It is observed that both phases contribute to cyclic softening. However, in a first approach, only the rearrangement of dislocations in hard and soft zones in ferritic grains is modelled. The results show that the new model predicts well cyclic hardening and softening and the stabilized hysteresis loops for uniaxial and biaxial non-proportional cyclic loading. Finally, kinematic fields obtained by a microstructure computation are compared to the experimental ones. After a monotonic tension test, a good agreement is obtained between simulated and experimental kinematic fields, which is not the case after a tension-compression test
Etienne, André-Michel. "Modélisation par éléments finis en comportement élastoplastique de multicouches céramo-métalliques." Toulouse, INPT, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPT045G.
Full textStochioiu, Constantin. "Contribution à l’étude du comportement visco-élastoplastique d’un composite structural lin/époxy." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UBFCK023.
Full textThe study presented in the manuscript is positioned in a large context of development of new materials, with a reduced environmental impact. From the possibilities currently under scrutiny (especially in Europe), flax fiber reinforced composites are the most promising. Thanks to their low density and high mechanical properties, as well as their low energy costs, fuel the idea of their usage in structural composites, by replacing glass fibers. These biocomposites are already implemented in numerous applications. However, several scientifical and technical unknowns, especially their long-term behavior, are hindering their use in domains of high load conditions.The thesis proposes to study the time dependent behavior of unidirectional reinforced composites, on the fiber direction. Even though it is largely accepted that the material behavior is viscoelastic and viscoplastic, few studies are dedicated to its analysis.Thus, multi cycled creep/recovery tests with variable creep stress and durations have allowed to determine the behavior’s dependence on stress and time. These tests have also allowed to determine the existence of a stress limit for plastic deformation appearance. They have been associated with the viscoplastic behavior.The results have, afterwards, allowed to propose a behavior law, composed of Schapery’s model for non-linear viscoelasticity and Zapas-Crissman’s model for viscoplasticity. The law parameters have been identified with the help of the creep/recovery tests. The model is capable of predicting the material response in deformation for creep recovery tests as well as load/unload tests. Simulations have also shown the model’s capability to reproduce traction tests with different loading speeds and to reproduce the nonlinear behavior specific to these composite materials
Belkhabbaz, Abderrahim. "Contribution à l'étude du comportement élastoplastique d'agrégats polycristallins par homogénéisation numérique FFT." Paris 13, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA132002.
Full textZhang, Yan. "Modélisation du comportement élastoplastique d'une pâte cimentaire soumise à la dégradation chimique." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10005/document.
Full textThesis presents elastoplastic modelling of cement-based materials coupledwith chemical degradation and mechanical damage. The emphasis is put on cementpaste subjected to compressive stresses. A short literature review is first presented on the mineralogical composition, chemical degradation mechanisms, basic mechanical behaviour and chemical-mechanical coupling. Based on this analyses and a series of experimental data obtained from uncoupled and coupled tests, an elastoplastic constitutive model coupled with chemical damage is first formulated. Two plastic mechanisms are taken into account; respectivelyrelated to deviatoric shearing and pore collapse. The chemical damage is identified as relative variation of porosity. Elastic and plastic properties are affected by chemical damage. Numerical simulations are compared with experimental data and good agreements have been obtained. The evolution of the chemical damage has been described by the generalized diffusion equation which is based on the mass balance equation and a phenomenological chemistry model. We have used finite element method to solve the generalized diffusion equation. Coupled chemical-mechanical tests have been simulated by the proposed model and we have also obtained satisfactory concordance. An extension of the model is finally proposed by including mechanical damage due to microcracks in order to describe brittle responses of material under tensile stresses and low confining pressures. An example of application to structural analysis with chemical degradation is presented. It has been shown that the proposed model describes correctly the main features of the mechanical behaviours of cement-based materials at different stress conditions with chemical degradation
Ningre, Corado. "Modélisation du comportement élastoplastique cyclique multiaxial par une approche multisurface dans l'espace des déformations." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALI053.
Full textThis work deals with the theoretical, numerical and experimental study of the elastoplastic mechanical behavior of metallic materials in complex multiaxial cyclic loadings. The elastoplastic behavior is described by a multisurface model, within the finite strain theory. This model is written in the five-dimensional Ilyushin strain space. The resulting model is capable of describing the multiaxial behavior of metallic materials, in complex cyclic loadings, in particular non-proportional, taking into account finite strain, time-independent irreversibility, cumulative second order effects (Poynting-Swift effect) and cyclic hardening. The model has been implemented in a commercial finite element calculation code, in order to produce an operational tool for calculating structures such as mechanical equipment and internal components of hydroelectric power plants (turbines, alternators, etc.). The proposed model was validated by comparison with combined tensile-torsion biaxial test results obtained on stainless steel. This model has been completed by an energy and thermodynamic analysis that allows the implementation of a relevant energy approach for the monitoring of fatigue damage. As part of this work, this approach was illustrated by the proposal of a fatigue criterion, validated by the comparison of its predictions with those of other classical fatigue criteria proposed in the literature
Langlois, Laurent. "Évolutions propres de la microstructure de dislocations et conséquences sur le comportement élastoplastique des métaux." Metz, 2000. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2000/Langlois.Laurent.SMZ0023.pdf.
Full textNguyen, Huy Gia. "Approche micromécanique pour la modélisation du comportement élastoplastique des composites : applications aux mortiers de résine." Cergy-Pontoise, 2008. http://biblioweb.u-cergy.fr/theses/08CERG0388.pdf.
Full textThis work presents an homogenization model to simulate the elastoplastic behavior of resin mortars. The influence of the geometry and the spatial orientations of aggregates was introduced as well as the presence of porosity. In the elastic phase, comparisons between simulations and experimental results (ultrasonic wave propagation method) show that the model provides satisfactory predictions of the behaviors of epoxy resin-based mortars. In plastic phase, the equivalent behavior has been implemented using the tangent modulus approach and an isotropic approximation of the matrix tensor rigidities was build in order to compute the Eshelby tensor. Isotropic and kinematics hardening laws have been implemented. In order to validate the model, tests were performed on organic matrix composites and short reinforcements. Comparisons were also made with results from the literature on metal matrix composites. The proposed modeling adequately predicts the overall experimental results
Tan, Cheng Hua, and Isam Shahrour. "Développement d'un modèle élastoplastique pour le comportement des matériaux granulaires sous sollicitations non monotones complexes." Lille 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIL10193.
Full textBoubakar, Mohamed Lamine. "Contribution à la simulation numérique de l'emboutissage des tôles : prise en compte du comportement élastoplastique anisotrope." Besançon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BESA2055.
Full textDa, Silva Botelho Tony. "Contribution à l'étude du comportement élastoplastique de surfaces métalliques rugueuses revêtues d'un métal de faible dureté." Poitiers, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004POIT2305.
Full textTo ensure tight sealing in severe environments, static seals are sometimes made of a soft-coated metal pressed against turned metallic flanges. The coating allows both surfaces of the seal and of the flange to "conform" to each other, thus ensuring an adequate sealing. To enhance static seals requires a better knowledge of the mechanical phenomena involved. The present thesis proposes an analytical model for the description of static sealing mechanics. The subject is divided into two successive parts. First, we develop an analytical model for the elastoplastic indentation of a layered half-space with a cylinder of infinite length. This model is reinforced with a model for the elastoplastic spherical indentation of a layered half-space. Both models support a bounded layer (electrolytic deposition) or a freely laid layer (laminate). In addition, both models were experimentally validated. In the second part, the previous results are incorporated into a model for the description of rough layered and oriented surfaces under load. The experimental validation of that description was based on a specific apparatus for viewing the real contact surface under load
Kong, Lingrong. "Comportement microstructural de l'argile de Shanghai et modèle élastoplastique avec prise en compte de la microstructure." Nantes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NANT2047.
Full textThe constitutive models of soft soils based on traditional macro-mechanics are sometimes not suitable to describe the stress – strain relations. Therefore, we developed a new constitutive model considering the microstructure of a marine soft clay on which physical and mechanical tests were carried out. In the first part, scanning electron microscope and X-scans aimed at identifying the microstructure of the clay and its evolution during one dimensional consolidation tests. Those methods also give some quantitative and useful information (particle shape, mean size and orientation) related to the applied vertical stress. We concluded that the soil exhibits a gradual damage and material anisotropy. These results were also compared to the results obtained on the same remolded clay. In the second part, mercury intrusion tests were carried out to investigate the relation between the pore size distribution and permeability. The main size distribution varied from 0. 2 µm to 1. 2 µm and decreased whereas the vertical stress increases. The hydraulic-radius model was then introduced to explain such an evolution. The third part concerns the description of the elasto-plastic model considering microstructure extended from the previous work of Chang and Hicher (2005) to the behavior of soft clays. The clay microstructure was assumed to be made of platelet aggregates which could not be destroyed during loading. The deformation was computed by integrating displacements at the particle contacts in all orientations. The behavior of contact planes was assumed to follow an elastic-plastic law based on a Mohr-Coulomb criterion. A Hertz-Mindlin’s elastic law was used for the elastic part and a double yield surface was used to reflect the plastic behavior. The predictions of the constitutive model were compared to experimental results for normally and over-consolidated clays under drained and undrained triaxial tests. They showed that the model was able to reproduce the main features of the clay behavior. Moreover, the model enables to describe the evolution of stresses between aggregates on the contact plane and therefore the failure of clays based on microstructural considerations. The fourth part was devoted to the analysis of anisotropic clays. A second-order symmetric fabric tensor was introduced to model the stiffness of contact planes, hardening, the dilation coefficient, to capture the inherent and stress-induced anisotropic behavior of clays. Drained and undrained triaxial tests with loading in vertical and horizontal directions were performed on Shanghai clay
Dillard, Thierry. "Caractérisation et simulation numérique du comportement mécanique des mousses de nickel : morphologie tridimensionnelle, réponse élastoplastique et rupture." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007530.
Full textAgbossou, Amen. "Caractérisation mécanique d'un matériau composite stratifié-bois : constantes élastiques, critères limites d'élasticité et de rupture, comportement élastoplastique." Bordeaux 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR10185.
Full textWienin, Jean-Samuel. "Comportement élastoplastique anisotrope de tôles minces destinées à l'emboutissage : Influence des données de compression large sur l'identification." Paris, ENMP, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ENMP1087.
Full textDillard, Thierry Jean-Paul. "Caractérisation et simulation numérique du comportement mécanique des mousses de nickel : morphologie tridimensionnelle, réponse élastoplastique et rupture." Paris, ENMP, 2004. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007530.
Full textDeformation behaviour and failure of nickel foams are studied during loading by using X-ray microtomography. A detailed description of the 3D morphology is presented. Dimensions and orientation of each cell are determined. The geometrical aspect ratio is linked to the mechanical anisotropy of the foam. In tension, a uniaxial analytical model, based on elastoplastic strut bending, is developed. The whole stress-strain curve of the foam is predicted according to its specific weight and its anisotropy. The model is also extended to two-phase foams and the influence of the hollow struts is analysed. The two-phase foams model is finally applied to oxidized nickel foams and compared with experimental data. A phenomenological compressible continuum plasticity model is also proposed and identified in tension. The identification of the model is carried out using experimental strain maps obtained by a photomechanical technique. The multiaxial model is extended to a micromorphic one to incorporate non local features accounting for the size effects observed for small holes. The prediction of the model is evaluated in the case of subsequent fracture of the specimen through crack propagation
Scacciatella, Eric. "Intégration d'un modèle de comportement élastoplastique à transitions d'échelles dans un code de calcul de structures par éléments finis." Metz, 1994. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1994/Scacciatella.Eric.SMZ9410.pdf.
Full textTo predict the response of polycrystalline materials, under any loading path, for instance during a complex sheet metal drawing processes, a self-consistent approach of the anisotropic elastoplastic behaviour of materials is implemented in a large deformation finite element formulation. Each integration point of the finite element mesh is materialized with a set of single crystals (grains). The macroscopic behaviour at these particular material points is then deduced from the mechanical properties of the grains using self-consistent concentration tensor and Hill-Mandel's average relations. The Newton-Raphson method is used to solve the incremental form of the principle of virtual work which is expressed in a convected coordinate system. The term of the tangent stiffness matrix describing the elastoplastic behaviour is deduced from microscopic variables. Various simulations, performed with a two-dimensionnal finite element analysis code, illustrate the capabilities of this approach
Saïtta, Adrien. "Modélisation élastoplastique du comportement mécanique des sols. Application à la liquéfaction des sables et à la sollicitation d'expansion de cavité." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00523272.
Full textSaitta, Adrien. "Modélisation élastoplastique du comportement mécanique des sols. Application à la liquéfaction des sables et à la sollicitation d'expansion de cavité." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ENPC9441.
Full textZidane, Ibrahim. "Développement d'un banc d'essai de traction biaxale pour la caracterisation de la formabilité et du comportement élastoplastique de tôles métalliques." Rennes, INSA, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ISAR0027.
Full textSheet metal forming processes (stamping, hydroforming, incremental forming,. . . ) are currently used in the industry. Improving the prediction of numerical simulation tools requires an accurate identification of behavior law and formability limits of the sheet material. These material properties must be identified under conditions close to those encountered in the considered forming processes. For this purpose, the biaxial tensile test in the plane of the sheet has been selected among other techniques of biaxial solicitation. In this study, a biaxial testing apparatus is developed with the aim of identifying, from one rheological test, the behavior law and the formability limits of the studied material under static or dynamic solicitations. The experimental device is a servo-hydraulic testing machine provided with four hydraulic actuators in a horizontal configuration. The capacity of each actuator is 50kN, the speed on each axis can reach 2m/s. Linear and nonlinear loading paths can be applied. The biaxial tests were performed on a flat specimen called « cruciform specimen ». The optimum geometry of this one is defined from a parametric study on different shapes of cruciform specimens used in previous works. The main difficulty to design an appropriate cruciform specimen shape is to ensure the onset of localized necking in the central zone of the specimen to control the strain path imposed by the displacement of the actuators. During testing, the central area of the specimen is filmed and an image correlation technique is used to obtain the deformation field in the specimen. Thereafter, the experimental procedure and the geometry of the specimen are validated by mean of experimental tests on an aluminum alloy AA2017. A specific procedure for detecting the onset of localized necking on the cruciform specimen is then proposed. An aluminum alloy AA5086 sheet is then studied from experimental investigations. The experimental forming limit curve (FLC) of this sheet is then established from the procedure defined above. The experimental curves force/displacement are used to identify a constitutive law by inverse method using a finite element model (EF) of the biaxial tensile test. The use of a local measure of the deformation in the identification process of the rheological law is then presented. The behavior law is identified and implemented in the FE model of the biaxial tensile test to determine the numerical FLC of the studied material. Finally, the experimental and numerical FLC are compared to the one obtained on the same material by a Marciniak testing device
Blanchard, Samuel. "Caractérisation du comportement non-linéaire des matériaux à partir d'essais statiquement indéterminés et de champs de déformation fortement hétérogènes." Phd thesis, Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambresis, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00508989.
Full textBenblidia, Mohamed. "Simulations numériques du comportement élastoplastique des monocristaux métalliques : comparaison de plusieurs formulations de l'anisotropie de l'écrouissage à l'échelle des microstructures de dislocations." Paris 13, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA132045.
Full textEstevez, Rafaël. "Etude théorique et expérimentale de l'influence de la nature biphasée des superalliages monocristallins base nickel sur leur comportement élastoplastique, de la température ambiante à 650c." Paris 13, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA132030.
Full textKrummeich, Raphaëlle. "Contribution micromécanique au comportement multi-échelles d'un matériau composite élastoplastique lamellaire : Application à l'étude des effets du recyclage sur la tréfilabilité d'un acier perlitique industriel." Metz, 2001. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2001/Krummeich.Raphaelle.SMZ0140.pdf.
Full textPearlitic steel cords may reach a tensile strength up to 4 GPa and still exhibit some ductility. This unusual property (close to wiskers strength) is related to the process of cold drawing which reduces the size λ [lambda] of the lamellar substructure, in proportion to the wire diameter (Embury's similitude principle) and induces the formation of crystalline and morphological textures : the single crystal lamellae behave elastoplastically. Usually, the draw hardening is theoretically explained in terms of the combination of a macroscopic Hall-Petch law in λ [exposant] -½ , with the similitude principle applied to wire drawing. In the case studied, the initial size of the substructure (some 10 nm) does not allow a dislocation's pile-up mechanism. However, the experimental draw hardening exhhibit a slope (In(Rm) = k ∈drawing) with k=1/4, which is consitent with a macroscopic Hall-Petch law of type kH. P. λ -½. Using a scale transition method based on a non pile-up model for dislocations, the theory proposed here aimed to model the draw hardening of lamellar pearlitic steel. The reduction of the dislocation's mean free path in proportion to the lamellar spacing λ is the main factor studied here, taking no account of the cristalline textures developped during wire drawing. This simple method for calculating the draw hardening curve results in a slope of value ¼ , which is the experimental one's. Thus, a draw hardening slope of 1/4 does not mean a dislocation's pile-up mechanism at the microscale. In other words, the averaging process used to relate the macroscopic strength to the size and the history evolution of the microstructure needs refinements as proposed in this model
Bouby, Céline. "Adaptation élastoplastique de structures sous chargements variables avec règle d'écrouissage cinématique non linéaire et non associée." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00109296.
Full textUn premier exemple concernant une éprouvette sous traction constante et torsion alternée est traité en utilisant la méthode pas à pas puis dans le cadre des MSI. La confrontation des résultats porte aussi bien sur le facteur d'adaptation que sur les contraintes internes. La comparaison entre les prédictions du calcul incrémental et celles de la solution analytique puis de la programmation mathématique, construites par l'approche du bipotentiel, montre une très bonne concordance.
La deuxième partie de l'étude est consacrée aux structures de type coques minces. Après avoir constaté que l'implémentation du problème de borne statique dans le cas de l'écrouissage cinématique linéaire limité nécessite d'imposer explicitement la limitation des contraintes internes pour que les résultats soient mécaniquement acceptables, il est montré que le cadre des MSI permet de construire un problème de borne cinématique. Son implémentation donne un encadrement très précis du facteur d'adaptation entre les facteurs cinématique et statique. Enfin, une règle d'écrouissage cinématique non linéaire et un bipotentiel sont construits pour les coques minces.
Dudchenko, Aleksandr. "Analyse numérique de l’interaction des ondes de Rayleigh en surface avec des barrières sismiques et des champs de pieux prenant en compte le comportement élastoplastique du sol." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAI102/document.
Full textThe present work is focused on numerical simulation (FEM) and analysis of surface Rayleigh wave interaction with vertical seismic barriers (underground walls, screens, trenches, etc.) as well as pile fields within the framework of linear elastic and plastic mechanical material models. The aim of the research is to estimate the degree of protection that vertical barriers and pile fields provide against vibrations transferred by surface Rayleigh waves and generated by various sources. The main idea behind this type of protection is to prevent seismic waves form transmitting wave energy into the protected zone, decreasing the amplitude of displacements, velocities and accelerations at the points behind the barrier (pile field). The attention is paid to Rayleigh waves as they can be generated by both external (located on the Earth's surface) and internal (located beneath the Earth's surface) vibration sources and this type of waves can transfer a significant portion of vibration source energy.First, numerical simulations of Rayleigh wave interaction with vertical seismic barriers and pile fields are performed assuming the soil and barrier materials to behave according to the linearly-elastic constitutive law. This regards the vibrations that induce shear strains in the soil not exceeding 0.00001 during their propagation. Based on this, the principal dimensionless complexes are formulated. Geometrical along with mechanical parameters of the barrier (pile field), that determine vibration reduction effect, are identified. The obtained results reveal the validity of this way of vibration protection. In addition to that, the approach towards vertical seismic barrier optimization (which can also be extended to the pile field) is adopted in finite difference form to use for particular soil conditions and design vibration frequency.Several models of soil behaviour are analysed and their validity as well the applicability to approximate real dynamic soil behaviour along with the mechanism of vibration energy dissipation are identified. Based on this analysis, Mohr-Coulomb constitutive model is selected as it has a broad experimental database for various soils and appropriately reflects shear modulus reduction with an increase in the shear strain as well as energy dissipation effects. Afterwards, this model is used in the analysis of Rayleigh wave interaction with the vertical barriers and pile fields accounting for non-linear character of soil deformation at different shear strain level. As a results, the influence of shear strain level on the effectiveness of the considered ways of vibration protections is shown and the appropriate conditions to use these methods are identified within the scope of this research
Coulibaly, Jibril. "Modélisation numérique discrète du comportement mécanique sous impact des structures d'écrans de filets pare-pierres." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAI040/document.
Full textThis thesis introduces a generic model of rockfall barriers under impact loading. The structures are described as an abstract assembly of their main components. The developed model thereby enables the consideration of most of the existing technologies. A C++ code based on the Discrete Element Method is developed in order to perform the numerical simulations of impacts. The generic description of the barriers is implemented at the code level using a corresponding data structure and object-oriented programming. The generic model is completed by the mechanical models of two components. First, a mechanical model of 4-contact interlaced ring nets is developed. An experimental campaign is carried out to calibrate and validate the model against steel wire rings used in rockfall restraining nets. Second, a general sliding cable model is developed to account for the curtain effect. This model demonstrates great capabilities in describing sliding phenomena and a low computational cost. Finally, full-scale impact tests performed on two barriers of different technologies are used to validate the generic model. Numerical simulations of the full-scale tests highlight the relevance of the developed model. Numerical results agree finely with experiments and the model exhibits compelling predictive capacities for engineering applications. Deformations, loading time and forces magnitude are all predicted within 10 % relative error. Complex and unprecedented simulations of repeated impacts are carried out and the model is able to reproduce the barrier behavior both during the impact phase and after springback
Arairo, Wahib. "Influence des cycles hydriques de la dessiccation et de l'humidification sur le comportement hydromécanique des géomatériaux non saturés." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00943471.
Full textBlanchard, Samuel. "Caractérisation du comportement non-linéaire des matériaux à partir d'essais statistiquement indéterminés et de champs de déformation fortement hétérogènes." Valenciennes, 2009. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/1fd10ba0-61f0-4cc4-9e45-d5ed99090a91.
Full textIn this study, tools are developed in order to characterise materials behaviour which are transformed during the structure manufacturing process (forming, assembly). For this goal, four chapters organise the approach. In the first chapter, the literature survey allows to present all methods used to characterise material non linear behaviour. After this survey, the Virtual Fields Method coupled with digitals images correlation measures, is developed to characterise material behaviour from strongly heterogeneous strain fields. The aim of this study is to better understand experimental and numerical factors which have bad impacts on identified results. The second chapter is dedicated to the development and the validation of numerical tools to characterise material behaviour. The third chapter highlights consequences caused by the used of experimental data to compute the equilibrium equation which is the base of identification method. To finish, in the last chapter, behaviour parameters are identified from strongly heterogeneous tests (0°, 45° and 90° Arcan tests). Results obtained highlight importance of hypothesis used to model the material behaviour and all advantages of the Virtuals Fields Method to characterise transformed material. However, these advantages can become disadvantages if the problem is not defined carefully
Said, Imen. "Comportement des interfaces et modélisation des pieux sous charge axiale." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002359.
Full textArairo, Wahib. "Influence des cycles hydriques de la dessiccation et de l’humidification sur le comportement hydromécanique des géomatériaux non saturés." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0028/document.
Full textThis work focuses on the behaviour of porous triphasic media, particularly on unsaturated soils subjected to hydromechanical loading. A coupled elastoplastic constitutive model has been developed. This original model is formulated according to the following principles: (1) a constitutive law describing the behaviour of different phases (solid skeleton, liquid and gas). (2) coupling relationships between each phase. For the behaviour of the solid skeleton, a non associated elastoplastic constitutive law is adopted, with two loading surfaces: shear surface and compression cap surface. The hydric part is discribed using a formulation which allows to take into account the hysteresis effect. This model has been extended using a hydromechanical coupling relation between the air entry value and the porosity. Then the coupling is completed with the Bishop effective stress, using a new definition for the suction parameter χ. Using this formulation, the various phenomena present in the porous media behaviour under different loading can be reproduced. The developed model has been validated through a comparison with experimental data on different types of soil (sand, silt,…). This model is implemented in the french finite element code Cast3M. The analysis of specific problems, such as (1) the study of shallow foundation subjected to cyclic rain event, as well as (2) the study of slope stability, show the model capacity to reproduce the behaviour of unsaturated porous media
Coquillay, Sophie. "Prise en compte de la non linéarité du comportement des sols soumis à de petites déformations pour le calcul des ouvrages géotechniques." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2005. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001846.
Full textWahib, Arairo. "Influence des cycles hydriques de la dessiccation et de l'humidification sur le comportement hydromécanique des géomatériaux non saturés." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00838855.
Full textChatti, Sami. "Etude des lois de comportement élastoplastiques incrémentales en grandes déformations." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ECDL0002.
Full textThe numerical simulation of the metal forming request the development of computational codes based on the use of elastoplastic anisotropic constitutive laws in finite strains. In this work we clarify some notions to define an incremental constitutive law in general. After that we present the elastoplastic incremental law using hypoelasticity generally used. Then we propose an incremental law based in the hyperelasticity. We integrate this one in a computational law to verify it's validity
Bardel, Didier. "Rôle de la microstructure d'un alliage à durcissement structural sur son comportement et sa tenue mécanique sous sollicitations cycliques après un transitoire thermique." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAL0045/document.
Full textIn order to assemble the pressure vessel of experimental Reactor Jules Horowitz (RJH) of France in the future, the electron beam welding process will be used. Several ferrules in a 6061-T6 age hardening aluminum alloy are used for manufacturing this vessel. The fine precipitation state (T6) is affected significantly by the electron beam welding process. Consequently, this microstructural degradation leads to an evolution of the mechanical behaviour and thus will affect the distribution of residual stresses. Moreover, the mechanical properties of the weld joint at ambiant temperature can be modified, such as the yield stress that may drop from 280 MPa to 55 MPa. In this work, cyclic tensile tests have been performed after anisothermal histories representative of welding and during isothermal treatments. The analysis of these results is compared with Small Angles Neutrons Scattering (SANS) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) characterizations that allow to understand the effect of the precipitation on the material behaviour. To predict the microstructural evolutions in the 6061 structure, a precipitation model has been developped. The precipitation software "PreciSo" coupled with a Finite Element thermal simulations and elastoplastic models allows to open new prospectives in the physical-based simulations domain
Tran, Trung Hieu. "Élasticité des verres silicatés sous pression : étude par diffusion Brillouin." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20181.
Full textWe study the elastoplastic response of silicate glasses at high stresses with Brillouin light scattering. 3D micro-Brillouin mapping residual density field are obtained in the plastic region left by a Vickers indentation. Maps are compared with finite element modeling. The joint analysis of new high-pressure measurements in a diamond anvil cell on silica in the elastic domain and literature data revealed that the abnormal hardening of elastic moduli with temperature is of dynamical origin. The onset temperature of the hardening increases with increasing applied hydrostatic pressure. We also observe that densification of silica strongly reduces the amplitude of the maximum in internal friction observed at 2 GPa as well as it suppresses the compressibility anomaly
Coulibaly, Mamadou. "Modélisation micromécanique et caractérisation expérimentale du comportement des matériaux hétérogènes élastoviscoplastiques : application à la valorisation des polymères recyclés." Thesis, Metz, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008METZ033S/document.
Full textThis work relates to the modelling of mechanical behavior of elastoviscoplastic heterogeneous composites with the aim of an application to recycled polymers. Therefore, our study investigates the effect of the presence of impurities or strengthening agents on the mechanical behaviour of widely distributed thermoplastic polymers. In this way, a model based on a micromechanical approach is carried out on such materials. However, the complexity of elastoviscoplastic behaviour, that involves the hereditary type of material and induces a space/time coupling, is due to the presence of delayed mechanical interactions that scale transition should try to take into account. Considering the complexity of numerical implementation in hereditary approaches, internal variables approaches are privileged for their numerical simplicity. Within this framework, this development is intended to provide a general approach to the problem of scale transition. It relies on a new integral formulation of Eshelby inclusion problem. Then homogenization stage is carried out according to two methods : Mori-Tanaka estimate and self-consistent scheme. The results are presented and compared with those of other models and experimental results. The application to the case of linear viscoelasticity, the model used in this study led to the exact solution referring to Rougier hereditary model (Laplace-Carson Transform). In the non linear viscoelastic area, and with the aim of an application for recycling, a series of trials was conducted on polypropylene charged with talc
Madani, Tarik. "Identification expérimentale de comportements élastoplastiques de matériaux hétérogènes pour des sollicitations complexes." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS173.
Full textThe present work follows a first approach where a strategy for identifying the shape and the parameters of cohesive-zone laws has been developed for homogeneous materials. The extension of this method to heterogeneous material requires the knowledge of the local stress state.The study aims at developing a local characterization method for mechanical properties and stresses. This method is based on the constitutive equation gap principles and relies on the knowledge of mechanical kinematic fields and particularly of the strain fields. These fields are obtained by the numerical differentiation of displacement fields measured by digital image correlation.This identification method is based on the iterative minimization of an energy norm involving the secant elastoplastic tensor. Various numerical simulations were used to illustrate the performance of the procedure for locally identifying heterogeneous property fields, and to characterize its robustness and its stability with respect to noise to the values of the algorithm initialization parameter and to the mesh refinement.Finally, various experimental tests with different specimen geometries were performed and a test has been developed to obtain a controlled heterogeneous initial state. The multilinear elastoplastic identification results showed the ability of the method to identify the local behavior properties on heterogeneous materials
Zeng, Fanfei. "Contribution à la modélisation du comportement mécanique en grandes déformations élastoplastiques de films plastiques d’emballage." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10109.
Full textShrink wrap films are composed of semi-crystalline polymers, possibly combined in multi-layers in order to benefit from the advantages of each of them. This work deals with the modeling of the mechanical behavior (under heat) of such materials in order to predict the improvement of their mechanical capabilities with uniaxial or biaxial drawing. From micro-structural observations and experimental results in uniaxial and biaxial stretching, an original model including three phases (which differ by the average distance between crystalline blocks) is developed for the prediction of the behavior of these films under various solicitations in finite elastoplasticity. In addition to the “crystalline” phase and the “amorphous” phase represented by a standard elastoplastic constitutive law and the classical 8-chain model, respectively, the intermediate phase allows one to take into account the effect of entanglements in the material and to explain the main differences, experimentally observed, between the uniaxial and biaxial behaviors.The model is calibrated from uniaxial tests in the case of PA6 and PE, and then validated for these two materials as well as multi-layer films for the uniaxial and equi-biaxial behaviors. The model is implemented in a finite element software in order to perform structural applications, such as the open hole test and the crack propagation, and validate again the efficiency of our 3-phase model
Rabiazamaholy-Razafimanalina, Nivo. "Identification et intégration de lois de comportement élastoplastiques en grandes déformations dans le code ABAQUS : application emboutissage." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ECAP0265.
Full textIncandella, Olga. "Définition de protocoles rationnels d'identification de lois de comportement élastoplastiques. : Application à la simulation éléments finis d'opérations industrielles d'emboutissage." Chambéry, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CHAMS021.
Full textThe objective of the thesis carried out within the framework of the European project called “Intelligent system for NET shape FORming of Sheet MEtal Product" is the research of optimized procedures for the adjustment of numeric simulations for industrial operations of stamping. The procedure puts forward the key role of the identification of the elastoplastic behaviour laws for metal sheet to assure a reliable simulation. For this purpose, the traditional identifications of the constitutive laws from tensile tests are initially used. Various techniques and protocols are retained to take the best advantages from this kind of tests, in particular using the experimental technique of optical analysis of deformation. These choices lead to a notable improvement of the numeric results concerning the effect of the elastic spring-back, the state of residual stresses and the prediction of the strain localisation. However the limits of this kind of identification realized from homogeneous tests appear clearly. This is the reason why we propose an original method of identification of the parameters of the behaviour law from heterogeneous tests close to the real case of sheet metal forming. The optimisation of the coefficients of the mechanical constitutive law is founded on the use of artificial neural networks. The advantages of this method are shown on an example of stamping of axisymmetric parts with blocked blank
Incandela, Olga. "Définition de protocoles rationnels d'identification de loi de comportement élastoplastique :Application à la simulation éléments finis d'opérations industrielles d'emboutissage." Phd thesis, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00192731.
Full textLa procédure met en avant le rôle clé de l'identification des lois de comportement élastoplastiques définissant le comportement de la tôle pendant la simulation.
Dans un premier temps on s'intéresse à l'identification classique à partir d'essais de traction utilisés habituellement à cet effet.
Différentes techniques et protocoles sont alors retenus pour tirer le meilleur parti de ce type d'essais en utilisant notamment les techniques expérimentales d'analyse d'images.
Ces choix conduisent à une amélioration notable des résultats concernant l'effet du retour élastique, l'état de contraintes résiduelles et la prédiction de la localisation de la déformation.
Cependant les limites de ce type d'identification réalisé sur des essais homogènes apparaissent clairement.
C'est pourquoi, nous proposons une méthode originale d'identification des paramètres de la loi de comportement à partir d'essais hétérogènes voisins du cas réel de mise en forme. L'optimisation des coefficients de la loi de comportement est alors fondée sur l'utilisation de réseaux de neurones. Les avantages de cette méthode sont démontrés sur un exemple d'emboutissage de pièces axisymétriques à flan bloqué.
Khalfallah, ali. "Identification des lois de comportemement élastoplastiques par essais inhomogènes et simulations numériques." Phd thesis, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00468903.
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