Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Comportement social chez les animaux'
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Vakanas, Guillaume. "Les mécanismes de la coopération chez les Arthropodes sociaux : étude de la prédation chez une araignée sociale "Anelosimus eximius" ("Araneae,Theridiidae)." Nancy 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NAN10025.
Full textPredation in a social species of spider, Anelosimus eximius, is characterised by 3 steps: during the first spiders are recruited, thus it capture and finally transport the prey. The organisation observed during capture and transport is explained by a coordination of individual acts that results of an adjustment of their behaviours to the state of the prey and to its environment (stimergic process). This is confirmed by computer simulation. The regulation of the number of individuals participating in every stage of the predation is also explained by auto-organisation phenomena. It is the prey features (vibrations, weight and size) that regulate the individual involvement. The nutritional status of individuals is also involved in this regulation. Small spiders are more active than large one. Thus, cooperation during predation emerges from group living and doesn't require sophisticated communication mechanisms between individuals. It permits to understand better how the passage from solitary to social species has been realised without important modifications of individual behaviours
Coulon, Marjorie. "La reconnaissance sociale et individuelle chez les bovins domestiques : étude expérimentale avec des images fixes." Paris 13, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA132037.
Full textIn social animals, relationships are likely supported by capacities of discrimination/recognition at different levels: the species, the social group or even the individual. The recognition of congeners requires stable phenotypic characteristics of the species and some variability among individuals. In the study of social behaviour, it is legitimate to question how individuals perceive their congeners, how they process social information and what are the cognitive processes involved. Animals can have cognitive abilities of social recognition and of complex cognitive abilities involved in individual recognition. Cattle, Bos taurus, are a social species with a wide phenotypic variability between breeds and between individuals, which allow an experimental approach of social and individual recognition. The aim of this study was to characterize cognitive visual capacities in cattle, using still images of faces of animals in a simultaneous discrimination task. Indeed in cattle, vision is an important mode used in social communication. The observation of a mixed group of heifers produced by cloning or artificial insemination (A. I. ) shows preferential interactions between cattle from the same category (clones-clones or A. I. -A. I. ) involving recognition capacities. Moreover, heifers interact more with images of cows and familiar congeners in spontaneous discrimination tasks. This leads to suppose that they associate still images with representations of real animals. Experiences of discrimination, based on the use of instrumental conditioning, show capacities of categorization in cattle and cognitive abilities of individual and social recognition. Our experiments show capacities of visual discrimination of the species, of familiar congeners, of kin and of individual recognition. All the results underline the role of familiarity in the recognition process. New opportunities for the study of inter-modal recognition in cattle are opened
François, Nathe. "Influence d'une sélection pour la motivation sociale sur le comportement social des cailles domestiques (Coturnix japonica)." Tours, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOUR4010.
Full textSchweitzer, Cécile. "Caractérisation des liens sociaux chez la caille japonaise (coturnix japonica) : motivation sociale et lien entre familiers." Thesis, Tours, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOUR4014/document.
Full textWe studied the influence of social motivation, defined as the motivation to seek social proximity, on the formation of social relationships between familiar conspecifics in Japanese quail selected for their high (HSR) or low (LSR) social reinstatement behaviour. After a short duration of pair contact (= 24h), one-week-old LSR quail showed a stronger preference for a familiar conspecific than HSR quail. However, six-week-old HSR quail revealed a stronger ability to discriminate according to familiarity than LSR ones. The HSR quail chicks formed a weaker social bond with the familiar conspecific than LSR ones, despite their higher social motivation. The strength of the bond decreased with increasing group size in both lines. Social instability induced a decrease in emotional reactivity (ER) of LSR quail, which indicates habituation to social changes, whereas ER of HSR quail was high regardless of social conditions. At last, LSR quail chicks showed a higher ER than LSR quail. To conclude, social motivation clearly influences the way Japanese quail chicks perceive their social environment and interact with it, and LSR quail seem able to adapt more easily to life in groups
Formanek, Laureline. "Rythmicité comportementale et vie sociale chez la caille japonaise." Rennes 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REN1S088.
Full textThis thesis describes the links which can exist between behavioural rhythmicity and elements of social life in Japanese quail (Coturnix c. Japonica). Two lines of birds were produced during this work: quail presenting clear circadian rhythmicity of feeding activity and quail presenting circadian arrhythmicity of feeding activity. We first showed a link between behavioural rhythmicity and some individual characteristics such as social motivation, parameter at the origin of every social relationship. Quail presenting clear circadian rhythmicity are also more socially motivated than arrhythmic quail. Then, we demonstrated that the behavioural rhythmicity of an individual could predict the quality of his integration in a stable group of quail. Quail presenting a clear circadian rhythmicity better integrate in a group than arrhythmic quail. Finally, we found that the ontogenetic development of the behavioural rhythmicity of young quail could be postnatally modified by social influence, especially by maternal influence. The mother structures the circadian and ultradian systems of her chicks. In addition, postnatal maternal effects on behavioural rhythmicity of chicks are linked to the rhythmic phenotype of the mother. Thus, this work demonstrates the importance and diversity of the links between social life and behavioural rhythmicity in a bird model
Gundermann, Jean-Luc. "Étude sur le comportement maternel et son implication dans les phénomènes sub-sociaux chez l'araignée Coelotes terrestris (Wider)." Nancy 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10018.
Full textChampalbert, Annette. "Ethogenèse du comportement social et variabilité chez la jeune fourmi primitive ectatomma tuberculatum (hymenoptera, ponerinae)." Paris 13, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA132013.
Full textSaleh-Mghir, Essam. "La reconnaissance coloniale chez l'abeille : Apis mellifica L." Toulouse 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU30273.
Full textRichard-Hansen, Cécile. "Socialisation et modalités d'organisation sociale chez l'Isard (Rupicapra pyrenaica p. ) : [thèse en partie soutenue sur un ensemble de travaux]." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30069.
Full textSueur, Cédric. "Étude comparative de l’influence des relations sociales sur l’organisation des déplacements collectifs chez deux espèces de macaques (Macaca tonkeana, M. Mulatta)." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2008/SUEUR_Cedric_2008.pdf.
Full textLiving in groups involves group cohesion and synchronization. In this context, animals with different needs have to decide collectively about the time and the direction to move. In Primates, studies mainly focused on intentional behaviours such as recruitment, while in large groups they showed the existence of auto-organised processes. Few studies however have been carried out to prove the existence of these self-organised processes in highly structured groups as primates’ ones. In the same way, studies showed how social relationships of group members constrained behaviours like aggressive, conciliatory or grooming ones but we don’t know how these social relationships influenced the kind of consensus in a species. In order to test these hypotheses, I studied two macaque species with contrasted social style, the rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) having a strict hierarchy and a high nepotism and the Tonkean macaque (M. Tonkeana) known to be tolerant. Results of this thesis showed the existence of both auto-organised processes and more complex ones in these stable small groups with individuals demonstrating relatively complex cognitive abilities. Results also proved the influence of the social style of a species, in term of dominance and kinship, on the consensus. Tonkean macaques displayed an equally shared consensus and group members are organised according to affiliation during a collective movement. Conversely, rhesus macaques displayed a partially shared consensus in favour of high-ranking individuals and the organisation of individuals was biased in favour of kinship
Joubert, Anne. "Exploration et mémoire spatiale chez de jeunes babouins (Papio papio) : aspects cognitifs et sociaux." Aix-Marseille 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX22048.
Full textRuckstuhl, Kathreen Eva. "L'écologie du comportement alimentaire et la socialité chez le mouflon d'Amérique, Ovis Canadensis." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 1998.
Find full textMourier, Johann. "Réseaux sociaux et comportements complexes chez les requins." Paris, EPHE, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EPHEA001.
Full textJacquot, Catherine. "Compétition et approvisionnement alimentaire chez 2 souches de souris domestique, Mus m. Domesticus (DDO) et Mus m. Musculus (MDH) : inteactions entre mâles et effet des odeurs sociales." Paris 13, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA132016.
Full textLusianti, Fitri Lulu. "Les chants des canaris domestiques : leurs relations avec des caractéristiques physiologiques et le statut social des males émetteurs." Paris 10, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA100077.
Full textThe theories of sexual selection focusing on secondary sexual traits may have evolved through mechanisms of intra- and intersexual selection. The "Good genes" hypothesis of sexual selection postulates that trait signals superior genetic quality to potential mates. Male canaries (Serinus canaria) were chosen as the study organism because sexual selection has been implicated in the evolution of its social behaviour. Traits such as song in male canary was the object of intra- and inter-sexual selection and confer honestsignals of vigour to females to disciminate males of different social status. Song trait with other factors such as sage, morphology and hormonal (testoterone) levels became the major determinants in social hierarchy, which showed different trend between adult and yearling canaries. Moreover, song trait was a condition-dependent expression on health status ; experiments on differential diet treatments demonstrated that song production was costly in relation to energetic requirement and deprived testosterone secretion that promote secondary sexual trait may also have immunosuppressive effect. Therefore, only individuals in prime condition were able to maintian costs both in the trait and immune function. Dominant male canaries showed better performance in singing and cellular-mediated immunity, but not in humoral immunity, than subordinate males. These findings indicated that dominant individuals paid different strategy to trade-off such cost, and were able to allocate resources between the expression of the trait and immunosuppression than those of subordinates. Consequently, dominant males in a social hierarchy enjoy a mating advantage over subordinate males ; females paired with dominant males showed earlier egg laying and hatching, and produced more offspring which survived better in the following year. In addition, sexual selection due to mate preference for dominant males showed earlier egg laving and hatching, and produced more offspring which survived better in the following year. In addition, sexual selection due to mate peference for dominant males has also been demonstrated in a laboratory population of canaries
Ligout, Séverine. "Mécanismes et bases sensorielles de la discrimination sociale entre jeunes chez les ovins : étude comportementale." Tours, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOUR4010.
Full textWe demonstrated that two mechanisms are involved in social recognition by lambs : direct familarisation (which allows subsequent recognition of familiar individuals) and indirect familiarity (in which individuals that have not been previously encountered are discriminated based upon their phenotypic resemblance to the subject lamb or to a lamb with which the suject is familiar). The presence of the mother also plays an important role in the development of discriminative interactions between young lambs (twins and unrelated agemates). Amongst the sensory modalities that were studied (olfaction, audition, vision), no single one was found to be necessary for discrimination between agemates. However, each one is sufficient for twin recognition but not for familiar unrelated individuals discrimination (only auditory cues are then sufficient). These results indicate that social discrimination is multi-sensory and that twin recognition is more efficient than recognition of non-kin individuals
Bernard, Alexandre. "De l'activité individuelle à la coopération auto-organisée chez les arthropodes : exemple de la construction d'une toile chez les araignées." Nancy 1, 2002. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2002_0232_BERNARD.pdf.
Full textToniolo, Anne-Marie. "Variabilité inter-individuelle, contrainte de l'environnement et structuration de groupe : une étude chez le rat Wistar." Nancy 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NAN21015.
Full textThe present work concerns a social differentiation that systematically appears in small groups of rats placed in a situation of alimentary constraint. The first part is devoted to the detailed typology of the individuals. Two types are characterized: some rats are able to overcome the constraint. The others cannot act in such a waif and must attack the formers in order to steal the food. The second part concerns the socio-cognitive process in the groups; in terms of specialize and interdependent roles which do not correspond to a dominance hierarchy. The last part is devoted to the ontogenesis social differentiation determinism. The results from a set of tests applied to the rats between birth and adult stage can predict the future of roles of the rats in the experimental situation
Bourjade, Marie. "Sociogenèse et expression des comportements individuels et collectifs chez le cheval." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2007/BOURJADE_Marie_2007.pdf.
Full textThis study deals with the role of social influences on the regulation of social behaviour in horses. The results show that the behaviour of young Przewalski horses correlates with the young/adult ratio of the family and that the development of young’s social preferences occurs with a differentiation of relationships according to interacting partners. An experimental study on young domestic horses in presence or absence of adult partners indicates some interacting effects of both partner types on the young’s sociogeny. Additionally, a predictive link between stallion dominance rank in all-male groups and their subsequent paternities suggests there are functional consequences of males’ social skills. A second investigation enhances different collective decision-making processes in the movements of Przewalski horse families. Indeed, the social dynamics of movement patterns are affected by individual, social and environmental factors
Bourjade, Marie Thierry Bernard Hausberger Martine. "Sociogenèse et expression des comportements individuels et collectifs chez le cheval." Strasbourg : Université Louis Pasteur, 2008. http://eprints-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/896/01/BOURJADE_Marie_2007.pdf.
Full textTexte en français et en anglais. Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. p. 219-239.
Bouchet, Hélène. "Relation entre variabilité du répertoire vocal et système social : étude comparative chez les cercopithécinés (Cercocebus torquatus, Cercopithecus campbelli, Cercopithecus neglectus)." Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1S035.
Full textCommunication is essential to the social functioning. Therefore social pressures may have a major role on the evolution of communicative abilities. We studied, in captivity, three non-human primate species which differed by their social systems : the red-capped mangabey (Cercocebus torquatus), the Campbell's monkey (Cercopithecus campbelli) and the de Brazza's monkey (Cercopithecus neglectus). Our results highlight a strong link between vocal variability and social factors. The individual's social role is reflected in its repertoire's composition and diversity, and in its loquaciousness. The function of a call type influences its degree of acoustic variability and its potential to convey an identitary message. Finally, we were able to establish a link between size, diversity of the repertoire, vocal activity and degree of complexity of the species' social system. Thus, our comparative study supports the hypothesis of a social-vocal co-evolution in the Primate lineage
Draganoiu, Tudor Ion. "Investissement parental et reconnaissance acoustique entre parents et jeunes chez une espèce d'oiseaux chanteurs, le rougequeue noir, Phoenicurus ochruros." Paris 10, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA100099.
Full textI studied parental investment and parent-offspring acoustic communication in a mainly monogamous songbird, the black redstart, Phoenicurus ochruros. After fledging, two patterns of parental care can be distiguished. In most cases broods are divided and each parent preferentially feeds one or more chicks, males tending to feed less young than females. Alternatively, mates provide no post-fledging care or only occasionally feed their chicks. These results support the idea that brood division is a consequence of sexual conflict. The existence of two categories of offspring in relation to one parent provides a natural context enabling to investigate songbirds acoustic recognition abilities. Within divided broods, each parent is able to acoustically discriminate between the begging caps of its preferentially fed chicks and the caps of chicks fed by the other parent. This result suggests that parentoffspring acoustic recognition in songbirds may be more widespread than previously thought
Colin, Catherine. "Apports d'une situation de difficulté d'accès à la nourriture dans l'étude des relations sociales chez le rat." Nancy 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10289.
Full textOuattara, Karim Gombert Jean-Émile N'Goran Kouakou. "Communication vocale chez la mone de Campbell sauvage (Cercopithecus campbelli campbelli) au Parc national de Taï- Côte d'Ivoire flexibilité acoustique et proto-syntaxe /." Rennes : Université Rennes 2, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00385425/fr.
Full textThèse soutenue en co-tutelle. Titre provenant de l'écran titre. Bibliogr. p. 225-251.Annexes.
Plusquellec, Pierrich. "Influence d'une sélection pour la combativité et l'aptitude à la dominance sur le comportement social et la réactivité émotionnelle des bovins domestiques femelles de la race d'Hérens." Paris 13, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA132005.
Full textDucoing, Diaz Ana Maria. "Transmission et dissimulation d'information chez le macaque de Tonkean (Macaca Tonkeana)." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR13130.
Full textDiez, Lise. "Enjeux et mécanismes d'un comportement prophylactique: le rejet des cadavres chez la fourmi Myrmica rubra." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209600.
Full textTout d’abord, nous avons mis en évidence l’importance du rejet des déchets pour la survie des fourmis (Chapitre 1). Le rejet des cadavres, même exempts de pathogènes, permet d’augmenter légèrement la survie des ouvrières. La nécrophorèse prend toute son importance lorsque la colonie est exposée à des cadavres infectés par le champignon Metarrhizium anisopliae. Une limitation du rejet de ces cadavres porteurs de pathogènes entraîne une mortalité des ouvrières relativement importante (jusqu’à 30% après 50 jours) tandis que celle des larves reste très limitée. Nous avons également cherché à identifier les composés chimiques susceptibles de déclencher le rejet des cadavres par leurs congénères (Chapitre 2). Les cadavres fraîchement tués n’étaient pas rejetés rapidement. Par contre, des cadavres vieux de 1 à 6 jours étaient presque toujours éloignés du nid. Sur ces corps « âgés » de 1 à 6 jours, on constate l’apparition de deux composés :les acides oléique et linoléique. L’adjonction sur des cadavres frais d’acide oléique et/ou d’acide linoléique en quantités équivalentes à celles trouvées sur un cadavre de plus de 24h en provoque le rejet par les ouvrières. Nous avons ensuite étudié les facteurs susceptibles d’influencer le lieu de dépôt des cadavres à l’extérieur du nid (Chapitre 3). Les cadavres ne sont pas entassés dans un endroit particulier, mais dispersés autour du nid, relativement loin de l’entrée de celui-ci. De plus, le marquage passif des zones explorées par les ouvrières -qui sont un indice de fréquentation de cette zone par la colonie- n’influence pas la décision des ouvrières d’y déposer le cadavre. Lors du transport des corps, nous avons étudié quels sont les moyens utilisés par les fourmis pour leur orientation (Chapitre 4). Aucune clé chimique n’intervient dans l’orientation des fourmis transporteuses mais celles-ci utilisent leur mémoire spatiale en retournant préférentiellement dans la direction déjà visitée. Enfin, nous avons testé s’il existe une spécialisation à court ou moyen terme des ouvrières dans le transport de cadavres (Chapitre 5). Nous avons pu montrer que les fourmis transporteuses de corps peuvent se spécialiser lors de transports successifs à court terme (de l’ordre d’une heure). Par contre, aucune spécialisation dans les activités de nécrophorèse n’a pu être mise en évidence à moyen terme (de l’ordre de quelques semaines). Les fourmis transporteuses de cadavres sont le plus souvent des ouvrières actives à l’extérieur du nid qui n’ont que peu de contacts avec leurs congénères au sein du nid ou avec les stades particulièrement sensibles aux pathogènes tels que les larves.
L’ensemble des comportements liés au rejet et au transport des cadavres s’inscrivent dans les stratégies prophylactiques et hygiéniques de la colonie. Nous discuterons des liens entre le rejet des cadavres et l’ensemble des comportements appartenant à l’immunité sociale, qui permettent de limiter la prévalence et la propagation des pathogènes chez les insectes sociaux.
Doctorat en Sciences agronomiques et ingénierie biologique
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Quenette, Pierre-Yves. "Autonomie et activité de surveillance chez le sanglier (sus scrofa) : approche descriptive, expérimentale et évolutive." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30044.
Full textFeron, Christophe. "Les comportements socio-sexuels des souris staggerer mâles : caractéristiques et effets de l'expérience sociale." Paris 13, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA132030.
Full textBel, Marie-Claude. "Le marquage jugal chez la marmotte alpine (Marmota marmota, Linné 1758) : aspects éco-éthologiques et étude du système de communication chimique." Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO10182.
Full textAmy, Mathieu. "Utiliser les informations fournies par les interactions entre les congénères pour ajuster son comportement : études chez le canari domestique commun (Serinus canaria)." Paris 10, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA100133.
Full textGrowing studies have focused on the social environment in which communication occurs. This social context has been for a long time ignored in the study of animal behaviour. These studies show that individuals gather information from the interactions of their conspecifics. This information allows individuals to choose the best alternative to enhance their survival or fitness. To date, the different contexts in which individuals gather and use this information are poorly understood. The aim of my thesis is to explore some of these contexts in the domestic canary. Overall my results show that mates and females eavesdrop on visual and acoustic mate-mate interactions and use the gathered information to adjust their behaviour. Females use information gathered from a visual interaction and information gathered from a vocal interaction differently; the kind of signals used in male-male interactions may account for this discrepancy. Females do not seem to use information to adjust their behaviour when gathered information is conflicting. Furthermore they do not copy the mate choice of other females. Mates are inhibited by a 'winner' of a visual or acoustic interaction. This thesis suggests that multiple social interactions can be at the origin of different types of information
Pillot, Marie-Hélène. "Étude expérimentale et modélisation des déplacements collectifs chez le mouton Mérinos (Ovis aries)." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1366/.
Full textThis thesis presents a comprehensive set of results, obtained through an innovative experimental methodology, that have important and extensive implications for the fields of integrative biology and complex systems. The main objective of the thesis is to study the inter-individual interactions involved during the initiation and coordination of movement in gregarious vertebrates, and in particular in the sheep Merinos d'Arles (Ovis aries). Key questions are, when an individual initiates a movement, what information is taken into account by conspecifics, how is this information spread across the group, and what mechanisms underlie the collective decision processes? To answer these questions, we created an experimental paradigm to trigger, in a standardized way, the movement of trained individuals that were then placed in a group of naïve conspecifics. Using two types of stimuli, a sound (public) and a vibration (private), we could evaluate the individual response of followers, and the effect of the behavioural state on this response. An additional set of experiments also provided recordings of spontaneous initiations of movement. Our results suggest that every individual in a group can initiate a collective movement. Our quantitative analysis then showed that, in Mérinos sheep, the individual decision to follow depends on a double mimetic effect; individuals take into account both the number of already departed individuals and the number of individuals which have not yet departed. A comparison between three experimental situations reveals that the decision rule is unique and that the behavioural state of potential followers only slightly affects the collective dynamics. Our approach, a combination of experimentation and modelling, provides original results that contribute to the understanding of individual and collective decision-making processes, and of the mechanisms involved during collective movement. The experimental paradigm that was proposed here, and the mathematical tools that were used, open interesting perspectives for new experimental studies and for the generalization of the behavioural rules exposed in this thesis
Fourrier, Agnès. "Etude de quelques processus cognitifs chez les corvidés : résolution brusque de problèmes de type logique par un geai des chênes, Garrulus g. glandarius." Paris 5, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA05H080.
Full text-Introduction to cognitive problems in crows: - a raven and a black throated jay were trained to make numerical discriminations, one from three, four, five, six, and two from three. - Completion of logical series of abstract and concrete pictures : a series of three pictures presented the same figure but at different points of its spatial evolution. The figure is either abstract (geometrical) or concrete (drawings of food). Following this reading test, the same pictures (but at different stages) are presented on two, three or four box lids. The bird has to open the lid showing a picture that logically completes the presented series. Only one solution is possible. Each series is unique and is presented only once. Most of the series are well completed, some others are incorrectly solved. The bird seems to be able to understand the logical relationship between the three pictures and to choose the correct solution from among two or three pictures (out of three boxes, the failure is due to a too large number of pictures to consider). In certain cases, this choice requires the use of a strict order relationship between the pictures
Greiveldinger, Lucile. "Processus d'évaluation et réponses émotionnelles chez les ovins : prévisibilité, contrôlabilité, correspondance aux attentes et contexte social." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00718313.
Full textRodriguez, Alexandra. "Mécanismes comportementaux des invasions biologiques : flexibilité et facilitation sociale chez l'étourneau sansonnet, sturnus vulgaris." Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1S044.
Full textBiological invasions occur when a species colonizes new habitats not occupied before, thus when it increases its geographic distribution. In social species like European starling this process requires individuals being able to leave their original population and to form new social groups and perennial populations in the novel habitats. Individuals should also be able to reduce their emotional levels when confronted to social and physical novel environments. We hypothesized that individuals from populations more recently settled in an area would be more attracted by social informative stimuli. We tested this hypothesis with decoys and chorus playbacks on the field and compared the behavioural response of individuals from populations with different colonization histories. We also tested in laboratory their emotional reactions when confronted with social isolation, novel environments and unfamiliar objects and food. Dispersal in new habitats, approaching unfamiliar objects and tasting new food seem to be the result of the combination of innovations by the less neophobic individuals and social facilitation or habituation in more emotive ones. These mechanisms may facilitate invasions in this species
Recoquillay, Julien. "Architecture génétique du comportement chez la caille japonaise et relations avec des caractères de production." Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR4024/document.
Full textOur study focused on the genetic control of social and fear behaviors and their relationships with production traits in a second generation crossing between two lines of quail divergently selected for their social reinstatement behavior. The results warn us about a possible deleterious effect of the selection for higher productivity on the animal’s sociability and emotional reactivity. At the same time, they also indicate possible synergies between a stronger social motivation and a precocious laying onset, or a lower emotional reactivity toward a novel object and a higher egg production. The study allowed us to construct the first genetic map of medium density using SNP markers in the quail. Linkage analyses reveal a total of 45 QTLs with 23 linked to behavioral traits and 22 to the production traits. Most of the behavioral QTLs were linked to the social motivation (15). Also, some regions control both emotional reactivity and weight or sociability and the age at first egg. At this stage of the study, several candidate genes related to sociability were suggested
Chalmeau, Raphaël. "Apprentissage en situation sociale : la coopération chez les primates." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30213.
Full textHamidou, Amine. "Analyse des interactions entre l'animal et son environnement physique et social : exemple d'un mutant neurologique : la souris Staggerer." Nancy 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NAN10046.
Full textSempo, Grégory. "Division du travail dans les tâches internes au nid et distribution spatiale des castes chez la fourmi dimorphique Pheidole pallidula." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211087.
Full textOuattara, Karim. "Communication vocale chez la mone de Campbell sauvage (Cercopithecus campbelli campbelli) au Parc national de Taï- Côte d’Ivoire : flexibilité acoustique et proto-syntaxe." Rennes 2, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00385425/fr/.
Full textThe debate about the existence of precursors of language in animal vocal communication is still open. For 10 years, thes studies on guenons have increased because their social system and their visually-closed habitat make them proper models for such a comparison. We have conducted the first series of long term ethological observations on 2 wild Campbell’s monkey (Cercopithecus c. Campbelli) groups, aiming at describing their social organization and their vocal repertoire. Predation appeared as a determinant factor. We thus performed experiments on 7 groups simulating the presence of different predators (visual and acoustic model). The predator size, its hunting technique and the modality of detection influence the behavioral response of the harem’s females and male. Moreover, females produce 5 alarm calls and males combine different loud calls into sequences. Six sequences, contextually determined, have been identified differing in the call composition, order and rythm of call succession. It emerged a repertoire adapted to referential communication with a potential encoding of several messages about the type or eminency of the danger, the type of predator and the emitter’s activity. The difference with a captive population suggests that the vocal determinism is not-totally genetic. Our results reveal unusual proto-syntactic abilities (affixation, semantic combination). If we succeed in the future in demonstrating that these messages are decoded by the group members, we will contribute to challenge the traditional phylogenetic gap associated to the limited vocal abilities of nonhuman primates which oppose them to humans
Gustafsson, Erik. "Etude expérimentale ex et in situ de la sélection de plantes à propriétés thérapeutiques par les grands singes : influence de la physiologie, de l'écologie et de la structure sociale sur l'acquisition du comportement." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MNHN0016.
Full textMore and more studies suggest the existence of self-medicative behaviours in great apes. This thesis aimed to understand the factors influencing the discovery of potentially curative items and to evaluate the possibilities for social transmission of such knowledge. The experiments were carried out in zoos and in a sanctuary. They focused on responses of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), gorillas (Gorilla gorilla), Bornean orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus) and Sumatran orangutans (Pongo abelii) towards various novel items. We measured the neophobia level, the influence of the items’ features presented as well as the influence of social interactions. The interspecific comparison allowed us to propose various hypotheses in relation to genetic, physiological, ecological and social factors on the different learning mechanisms concerned. Gorillas showed a high propensity to ingest the novel plants and they exhibited only few social interactions suggesting a low risk of individual sampling in this species. Their low cautiousness may be the result of their digestive physiology, adapted to a folivorous diet and able to detoxify the plants ingested. In contrast, chimpanzees were neophobic towards the novel plants but showed many social interactions. These results suggest a low capacity for innovation which could be compensate by a high propensity for social learning. Finally, orangutans were very curious towards the plants and their conspecifics when manipulating or consuming them. This behavioural flexibility could be the result of adaptations to unstable environment. All these observations paved the way for future researches especially in relation to genetic (influence of TAS2R38 gene playing a role in gustative sensitivity), physiology (effect of detoxification capacities), ecology (effect of fluctuation in food availability) and sociality (influence of social tolerance)
Duryadi, Dedy. "Rôle possible du comportement dans l'évolution de deux souris "Mus macedonicus" et "Mus spicilegus" en Europe centrale." Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20107.
Full textMagnac, Marie-Pierre. "Etude comparative de l'ontogenèse sociale précoce chez trois espèces d'ongulés en captivité : Bison bison, Rangifer tarandus, Ovis vignei." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30090.
Full textBaraud, Isabelle. "Interactions sociales et modalités sensorielles (vocale et visuelle) impliquées, chez deux espèces de mangabés (Cercocebus torquatus torquatus et Lophocebus albigena albigena)." Rennes 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007REN1S138.
Full textResearches on the process of communication permit to understand social relations' dynamics. In this work, we focalised on vocal and visual communication signals, in two species of mangabeys. The determination of the informative value of a communication signal was approached by different ways: 1/ a sequential analysis of the signals emitted during dyadic interactions, 2/ an analysis of the structure of the signal, associated with an analysis of the emission context, 3/ an analysis of the relative positions of the individuals in the different visual fields, and 4/ a manipulation of the emission context. The differences between the species could be due to the different characteristics of their habitats in the field, which could constrain them to use preferentially one signal rather than another from another sensorial modality
Jacobs, Armand Thomas. "Impact des pressions sociales et écologiques sur les processus décisionnels lors des déplacements collectifs chez deux espèces de primates (Eulemur fulvus et Macaca fuscata)." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA6071.
Full textLiving successfully as a group depends on the ability of its members to compromise between their individual needs and motivations and those of other group members. Individuals with potentially different needs can thus synchronise their activity with that of other group members and move collectively, hence preserving the group. The study of collective movement is one of the most efficient ways to tackle the question of decision-making processes in animal societies. Research in this domain has enabled us to identify differences between certain individuals or classes of individuals playing a more important role in decision-taking situations. Since this discovery, two conflicting theories have been proposed to explain the possible reasons behind this dominant role in certain individuals. The first theory explains these differences by ecological differences, whereas the second suggests that they are the result of social pressure. In order to test these two hypotheses, I studied two primate species. Firstly, the brown lemur (Eulemur fulvus) was tested in a controlled environment. This species has a social system that is very different to other lemuriformes studied to date. Secondly, the Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata) was studied in the wild. This species has an intolerant social style. The results obtained from this thesis pinpoint the substantial impact that social factors have on decision-making processes in the brown lemur and the Japanese macaque, even in the wild. This thesis enables a further step towards a generalisation of the hypothesis that there is indeed a social influence on decision-making
Leca, Jean-Baptiste. "Dominance,négociation et processus de décision dans un groupe de capucins moines (Cebus Capucinus)." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR13205.
Full textHow do members of a primate group resolve their conflicts of interest so as to produce collective behaviours ? Two kinds of conflicts of interest were distinguished: open conflicts (agonistic and post-conflict interactions) and objective divergence (initiation and coordination of group movements). This research was carried out in a semi-free ranging group of 13 white-faced capuchin monkeys (Cebus capucinus). In this species, bidirectional open conflicts involving physical contact were quite frequent. Non-aggressive interventions were observed. Reconciliation was demonstrated and was quite frequent following intense and bidirectional conflicts. Intense behavioural patterns, such as clasping behaviours, were mainly used during conciliatory bouts. As regards objective divergence, every individual could initiate group movements: leadership was largely distributed to all socio-demographic classes. By emitting particular recruitment behaviours, the initiator might signal to its conspecifics its proposal concerning the next direction to follow. During progressions, affiliative relationships, rather than dominance hierarchy, account for the spatial and temporal organisation of the group members. In white-faced capuchins, conflicts of interest are resolved by using open negotiation processes. Dominance relationships are not a major factor in the pattern and distribution of interactions, or in the decision process underlying group movements. This species is not governed by a strict formalism in social relationships, and seems to display a relatively high level of tolerance. In the social system of white-faced capuchins, many variables appear to covary: this could be due to the structural constraints that define social organisations
Charpentier, Marie. "Système de reproduction, relations de parenté et structure sociale chez Mandrillus Sphinx : Approche intégrée en écologie comportementale et génétique." Montpellier 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON20158.
Full textBerton, Françoise. "Les effets de l'orphelinage chez la fourmi cataglyphis cursor : organisation des sociétés sans reine et signification de la parthénogénèse thélytoque." Tours, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOUR4008.
Full textNowbahari, Elise. "Etude expérimentale de la structure sociale chez la fourmi cataglyphis cursor : fermeture de la société et variations géographiques." Tours, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOUR4009.
Full textSueur, Cédric. "Etude comparative de l'influence des relations sociales sur l'organisation des déplacements collectifs chez deux espèces de macaques, Macaca tonkeana, M. mulatta." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210386.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished