Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Comportement social des animaux – Gabon'
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Momont, Ludovic. "Sélection de l'habitat et organisation sociale de l'éléphant de forêt, Loxodonta africana cyclotis (Matschie 1900), au Gabon." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MNHN0015.
Full textThe African forest elephant differs from the savannah elephant in many morphological, ecological and genetic characteristics; however, few studies have focussed on the forest elephant, despite it being threatened by hunting and the destruction of primary forest habitat. This study has investigated the habitat use of the forest elephant using two natural open areas in the centre of primary forest; an area of savannah, marsh and fragmented forest in Lopé National Park, and a clearing rich in salts and minerals in Ivindo National Park. Habitat choice by forest elephants in Lopé was measured using fresh dung-counts, monitored monthly on fixed transects in the four main habitat types. Marantaceae forest and savannah marshlands were the habitat types most frequently used by the local population, but alternately during the course of the year. Visual identification of individual elephants on a standardised circuit showed that the savannah attracted almost exclusively females accompanied by their young, and young solitary males, and probably acted as a feeding area. Data on the movements of four female adults, using GPS telemetry, indicated that although the savannah zone was important at the year and season level, the animals also used different types of forest, making trips between open and closed habitat. Studies of fruiting phenology indicated that animals used increasingly open habitat as forest fruit availability decreased. The monitoring of two female adults and two male adults by GPS telemetry in an entirely forested region of Ivindo National Park showed that these animals moved between two fixed areas of their individual home ranges; the clearing, or ‘bai’, and a principal feeding area. Langoué bai was mainly used by the resident population for the consumption of mineral salts, but also served as a meeting place, especially for the male adults who then established a hierarchy amongst themselves. The movements and the home ranges of eight individuals followed in Lopé and Ivindo NP was compared with previous studies on forest and savannah elephants. The forest elephants studied here exhibited less frequent meetings between female adults; in the forest the most stable social unit was composed of the mother and her young dependant, and in the savannah groups of two female adults and their dependants were more common. This therefore differs from the social organisation of the savannah elephant and the Indian elephant
Charpentier, Marie. "Système de reproduction, relations de parenté et structure sociale chez Mandrillus Sphinx : Approche intégrée en écologie comportementale et génétique." Montpellier 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON20158.
Full textVakanas, Guillaume. "Les mécanismes de la coopération chez les Arthropodes sociaux : étude de la prédation chez une araignée sociale "Anelosimus eximius" ("Araneae,Theridiidae)." Nancy 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NAN10025.
Full textPredation in a social species of spider, Anelosimus eximius, is characterised by 3 steps: during the first spiders are recruited, thus it capture and finally transport the prey. The organisation observed during capture and transport is explained by a coordination of individual acts that results of an adjustment of their behaviours to the state of the prey and to its environment (stimergic process). This is confirmed by computer simulation. The regulation of the number of individuals participating in every stage of the predation is also explained by auto-organisation phenomena. It is the prey features (vibrations, weight and size) that regulate the individual involvement. The nutritional status of individuals is also involved in this regulation. Small spiders are more active than large one. Thus, cooperation during predation emerges from group living and doesn't require sophisticated communication mechanisms between individuals. It permits to understand better how the passage from solitary to social species has been realised without important modifications of individual behaviours
Sueur, Cédric. "Étude comparative de l’influence des relations sociales sur l’organisation des déplacements collectifs chez deux espèces de macaques (Macaca tonkeana, M. Mulatta)." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2008/SUEUR_Cedric_2008.pdf.
Full textLiving in groups involves group cohesion and synchronization. In this context, animals with different needs have to decide collectively about the time and the direction to move. In Primates, studies mainly focused on intentional behaviours such as recruitment, while in large groups they showed the existence of auto-organised processes. Few studies however have been carried out to prove the existence of these self-organised processes in highly structured groups as primates’ ones. In the same way, studies showed how social relationships of group members constrained behaviours like aggressive, conciliatory or grooming ones but we don’t know how these social relationships influenced the kind of consensus in a species. In order to test these hypotheses, I studied two macaque species with contrasted social style, the rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) having a strict hierarchy and a high nepotism and the Tonkean macaque (M. Tonkeana) known to be tolerant. Results of this thesis showed the existence of both auto-organised processes and more complex ones in these stable small groups with individuals demonstrating relatively complex cognitive abilities. Results also proved the influence of the social style of a species, in term of dominance and kinship, on the consensus. Tonkean macaques displayed an equally shared consensus and group members are organised according to affiliation during a collective movement. Conversely, rhesus macaques displayed a partially shared consensus in favour of high-ranking individuals and the organisation of individuals was biased in favour of kinship
Fresneau, Dominique. "Biologie et comportement social d'une fourmi ponérine néotropicale (Pachycondyla Apicalis)." Paris 13, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA132034.
Full textRichard-Hansen, Cécile. "Socialisation et modalités d'organisation sociale chez l'Isard (Rupicapra pyrenaica p. ) : [thèse en partie soutenue sur un ensemble de travaux]." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30069.
Full textGundermann, Jean-Luc. "Étude sur le comportement maternel et son implication dans les phénomènes sub-sociaux chez l'araignée Coelotes terrestris (Wider)." Nancy 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10018.
Full textNejdi, Amine. "Différenciations comportementales dans des groupes de souris placées en situation de difficulté d'accès à la nourriture : influence de facteurs individuels et des caractéristiques de l'environnement : comparaison de deux souches consanguines." Nancy 1, 1996. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1996_0268_NEJDI.pdf.
Full textChampalbert, Annette. "Ethogenèse du comportement social et variabilité chez la jeune fourmi primitive ectatomma tuberculatum (hymenoptera, ponerinae)." Paris 13, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA132013.
Full textJoubert, Anne. "Exploration et mémoire spatiale chez de jeunes babouins (Papio papio) : aspects cognitifs et sociaux." Aix-Marseille 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX22048.
Full textFrançois, Nathe. "Influence d'une sélection pour la motivation sociale sur le comportement social des cailles domestiques (Coturnix japonica)." Tours, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOUR4010.
Full textLusianti, Fitri Lulu. "Les chants des canaris domestiques : leurs relations avec des caractéristiques physiologiques et le statut social des males émetteurs." Paris 10, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA100077.
Full textThe theories of sexual selection focusing on secondary sexual traits may have evolved through mechanisms of intra- and intersexual selection. The "Good genes" hypothesis of sexual selection postulates that trait signals superior genetic quality to potential mates. Male canaries (Serinus canaria) were chosen as the study organism because sexual selection has been implicated in the evolution of its social behaviour. Traits such as song in male canary was the object of intra- and inter-sexual selection and confer honestsignals of vigour to females to disciminate males of different social status. Song trait with other factors such as sage, morphology and hormonal (testoterone) levels became the major determinants in social hierarchy, which showed different trend between adult and yearling canaries. Moreover, song trait was a condition-dependent expression on health status ; experiments on differential diet treatments demonstrated that song production was costly in relation to energetic requirement and deprived testosterone secretion that promote secondary sexual trait may also have immunosuppressive effect. Therefore, only individuals in prime condition were able to maintian costs both in the trait and immune function. Dominant male canaries showed better performance in singing and cellular-mediated immunity, but not in humoral immunity, than subordinate males. These findings indicated that dominant individuals paid different strategy to trade-off such cost, and were able to allocate resources between the expression of the trait and immunosuppression than those of subordinates. Consequently, dominant males in a social hierarchy enjoy a mating advantage over subordinate males ; females paired with dominant males showed earlier egg laying and hatching, and produced more offspring which survived better in the following year. In addition, sexual selection due to mate preference for dominant males showed earlier egg laving and hatching, and produced more offspring which survived better in the following year. In addition, sexual selection due to mate peference for dominant males has also been demonstrated in a laboratory population of canaries
Toniolo, Anne-Marie. "Variabilité inter-individuelle, contrainte de l'environnement et structuration de groupe : une étude chez le rat Wistar." Nancy 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NAN21015.
Full textThe present work concerns a social differentiation that systematically appears in small groups of rats placed in a situation of alimentary constraint. The first part is devoted to the detailed typology of the individuals. Two types are characterized: some rats are able to overcome the constraint. The others cannot act in such a waif and must attack the formers in order to steal the food. The second part concerns the socio-cognitive process in the groups; in terms of specialize and interdependent roles which do not correspond to a dominance hierarchy. The last part is devoted to the ontogenesis social differentiation determinism. The results from a set of tests applied to the rats between birth and adult stage can predict the future of roles of the rats in the experimental situation
Coulon, Marjorie. "La reconnaissance sociale et individuelle chez les bovins domestiques : étude expérimentale avec des images fixes." Paris 13, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA132037.
Full textIn social animals, relationships are likely supported by capacities of discrimination/recognition at different levels: the species, the social group or even the individual. The recognition of congeners requires stable phenotypic characteristics of the species and some variability among individuals. In the study of social behaviour, it is legitimate to question how individuals perceive their congeners, how they process social information and what are the cognitive processes involved. Animals can have cognitive abilities of social recognition and of complex cognitive abilities involved in individual recognition. Cattle, Bos taurus, are a social species with a wide phenotypic variability between breeds and between individuals, which allow an experimental approach of social and individual recognition. The aim of this study was to characterize cognitive visual capacities in cattle, using still images of faces of animals in a simultaneous discrimination task. Indeed in cattle, vision is an important mode used in social communication. The observation of a mixed group of heifers produced by cloning or artificial insemination (A. I. ) shows preferential interactions between cattle from the same category (clones-clones or A. I. -A. I. ) involving recognition capacities. Moreover, heifers interact more with images of cows and familiar congeners in spontaneous discrimination tasks. This leads to suppose that they associate still images with representations of real animals. Experiences of discrimination, based on the use of instrumental conditioning, show capacities of categorization in cattle and cognitive abilities of individual and social recognition. Our experiments show capacities of visual discrimination of the species, of familiar congeners, of kin and of individual recognition. All the results underline the role of familiarity in the recognition process. New opportunities for the study of inter-modal recognition in cattle are opened
Mounier, Luc. "Bien-être des taurillons issu de races allaitantes : impact du réallotement et de la spécialisation de l'éleveur en engraissement." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CLF22565.
Full textRuckstuhl, Kathreen Eva. "L'écologie du comportement alimentaire et la socialité chez le mouflon d'Amérique, Ovis Canadensis." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 1998.
Find full textCandiotti, Agnès. "Social life and flexibility of vocal behaviour in Diana monkeys and othercercopithecids." Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1S072.
Full textLes études récentes portant sur la vie sociale et la production, l'utilisation et la compréhension des vocalisations chez les primates non humains ont ouvert de nouveaux champs de perspectives sur les mécanismes évolutifs de la cognition et de la communication ainsi que l'émergence du langage. Un débat dans la littérature actuelle concerne la flexibilité de la production vocale. En effet, contrairement aux humains, à certains oiseaux et à certains cétacés, la flexibilité vocale des primates non humains semble très restreinte, à l'origine d'un fossé phylogénétique saisissant. Cependant, les recherches menées sur un certain nombre de cercopithèques africains forestiers ont révélé que les cris d'alarme de ces derniers semblaient avoir des propriétés proches de celles du langage humain. Partant de l'hypothèse selon laquelle les cris à forte valeur sociale étaient susceptibles de révéler des capacités communicatives encore plus complexes, j'ai étudié en détails la vie sociale et le comportement vocal d'une espèce de cercopithèques, le singe Diane. Premièrement, la comparaison du systèmesocial avec celui d'une espèce phylogénétiquement proche et connue pour sa flexibilité vocale, la mone de Campbell, a permis de souligner un nombre restreint d'interactions physiques, bien que les femelles entretiennent des relations préférentielles, et que ces relations n'étaient pas biaisées par les liens de parenté. Deuxièmement, l'étude du répertoire vocal des femelles Diane a montré qu'il était restreint mais flexible. Les femelles émettent des cris sociaux à structure combinatoire, dont l'utilisation est modulée par des évènements extérieurs. Troisièmement, le focus sur un cri très fréquent et très social a révélé une flexibilité de la composante identitaire divergence – convergence s'accommodant au contexte. Quatrièmement, l'aspect poly-spécifique des associations naturelles a été pris en compte en abordant les capacités de compréhension chez les primates non humains. Des repasses de cris sociaux de singes Brazza ont été effectuées à trois autres espèces de singes de l'ancien monde, les mones de Campbell, les colobes noir et blancs ainsi que les mangabés à collier. Dans l'ensemble, les trois espèces étaient capables de différencier des voix hétérospécifiques connues de voix jamais entendues. Globalement, les résultats obtenus ont révélé un degré considérable de flexibilité dans la communication vocale de primates non humains, ce qui est en accord avec l'hypothèse d'une transition évolutive continue depuis la communication vocale animale au langage humain
Ligout, Séverine. "Mécanismes et bases sensorielles de la discrimination sociale entre jeunes chez les ovins : étude comportementale." Tours, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOUR4010.
Full textWe demonstrated that two mechanisms are involved in social recognition by lambs : direct familarisation (which allows subsequent recognition of familiar individuals) and indirect familiarity (in which individuals that have not been previously encountered are discriminated based upon their phenotypic resemblance to the subject lamb or to a lamb with which the suject is familiar). The presence of the mother also plays an important role in the development of discriminative interactions between young lambs (twins and unrelated agemates). Amongst the sensory modalities that were studied (olfaction, audition, vision), no single one was found to be necessary for discrimination between agemates. However, each one is sufficient for twin recognition but not for familiar unrelated individuals discrimination (only auditory cues are then sufficient). These results indicate that social discrimination is multi-sensory and that twin recognition is more efficient than recognition of non-kin individuals
Draganoiu, Tudor Ion. "Investissement parental et reconnaissance acoustique entre parents et jeunes chez une espèce d'oiseaux chanteurs, le rougequeue noir, Phoenicurus ochruros." Paris 10, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA100099.
Full textI studied parental investment and parent-offspring acoustic communication in a mainly monogamous songbird, the black redstart, Phoenicurus ochruros. After fledging, two patterns of parental care can be distiguished. In most cases broods are divided and each parent preferentially feeds one or more chicks, males tending to feed less young than females. Alternatively, mates provide no post-fledging care or only occasionally feed their chicks. These results support the idea that brood division is a consequence of sexual conflict. The existence of two categories of offspring in relation to one parent provides a natural context enabling to investigate songbirds acoustic recognition abilities. Within divided broods, each parent is able to acoustically discriminate between the begging caps of its preferentially fed chicks and the caps of chicks fed by the other parent. This result suggests that parentoffspring acoustic recognition in songbirds may be more widespread than previously thought
Saleh-Mghir, Essam. "La reconnaissance coloniale chez l'abeille : Apis mellifica L." Toulouse 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU30273.
Full textJacquot, Catherine. "Compétition et approvisionnement alimentaire chez 2 souches de souris domestique, Mus m. Domesticus (DDO) et Mus m. Musculus (MDH) : inteactions entre mâles et effet des odeurs sociales." Paris 13, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA132016.
Full textPouliquen, Odile. "Variabilité comportementale dans diverses populations naturelles de Mus musculus domesticus : rôle de la structure sociale dans le fonctionnement et l'évolution du système individu-population." Montpellier 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON20028.
Full textSchweitzer, Cécile. "Caractérisation des liens sociaux chez la caille japonaise (coturnix japonica) : motivation sociale et lien entre familiers." Thesis, Tours, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOUR4014/document.
Full textWe studied the influence of social motivation, defined as the motivation to seek social proximity, on the formation of social relationships between familiar conspecifics in Japanese quail selected for their high (HSR) or low (LSR) social reinstatement behaviour. After a short duration of pair contact (= 24h), one-week-old LSR quail showed a stronger preference for a familiar conspecific than HSR quail. However, six-week-old HSR quail revealed a stronger ability to discriminate according to familiarity than LSR ones. The HSR quail chicks formed a weaker social bond with the familiar conspecific than LSR ones, despite their higher social motivation. The strength of the bond decreased with increasing group size in both lines. Social instability induced a decrease in emotional reactivity (ER) of LSR quail, which indicates habituation to social changes, whereas ER of HSR quail was high regardless of social conditions. At last, LSR quail chicks showed a higher ER than LSR quail. To conclude, social motivation clearly influences the way Japanese quail chicks perceive their social environment and interact with it, and LSR quail seem able to adapt more easily to life in groups
Feron, Christophe. "Les comportements socio-sexuels des souris staggerer mâles : caractéristiques et effets de l'expérience sociale." Paris 13, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA132030.
Full textDesor, Didier. "Contribution à l'étude du comportement social du rat." Nancy 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NAN10087.
Full textGauffreteau, Françoise. "Contribution à l'étude de la reconnaissance des jeunes moineaux domestiques (passer domesticus Linne) par leurs parents, en captivité." Paris 5, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA05H038.
Full textVicart, Marion. "Des chiens auprès des hommes : ou comment penser la présence des animaux en sciences sociales." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0070.
Full textAlmost human, and in the meantime "something". The following statement is the basis of my PHD Thesis: in social sciences, the canine presence is often set between two interceptable concepts. Not really "someone" nor "something," dogs are never studied for what they really are. Where does the dog stand in sciences? How can one observe it as an understood being? How can one study the uniqueness to its own existence? These are the key questions that express the problematic to this field of research. There is a link that stands as an epistemology and a methodology of establishing new ways, which provides us with new methods of presenting animals in social sciences. This view enables us to enrich our understanding on man and dog. A specific observation-description called phenomenography is placed on the core foundations of this research. This approach draws on the step-by-step detailed analysis of modality of humans and dogs presence observed in their daily routines. More specifically, with the help of photographed sequences, it allows the study of their cognitive capacity and their regular attitudes in order to discover the differences and similarities. The underlying meaning of the hypothesis of this work, despite the characteristics of their existence, man and dog share a minor way of being in the world. This minor characteristic is an essential component of the inter-specific relation from which we are trying to define these stakes. Dogs are an example of a new presence of animal in social sciences. 80 they may help us to consider a new definition of 'anthropology’
Formanek, Laureline. "Rythmicité comportementale et vie sociale chez la caille japonaise." Rennes 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REN1S088.
Full textThis thesis describes the links which can exist between behavioural rhythmicity and elements of social life in Japanese quail (Coturnix c. Japonica). Two lines of birds were produced during this work: quail presenting clear circadian rhythmicity of feeding activity and quail presenting circadian arrhythmicity of feeding activity. We first showed a link between behavioural rhythmicity and some individual characteristics such as social motivation, parameter at the origin of every social relationship. Quail presenting clear circadian rhythmicity are also more socially motivated than arrhythmic quail. Then, we demonstrated that the behavioural rhythmicity of an individual could predict the quality of his integration in a stable group of quail. Quail presenting a clear circadian rhythmicity better integrate in a group than arrhythmic quail. Finally, we found that the ontogenetic development of the behavioural rhythmicity of young quail could be postnatally modified by social influence, especially by maternal influence. The mother structures the circadian and ultradian systems of her chicks. In addition, postnatal maternal effects on behavioural rhythmicity of chicks are linked to the rhythmic phenotype of the mother. Thus, this work demonstrates the importance and diversity of the links between social life and behavioural rhythmicity in a bird model
Ouattara, Karim Gombert Jean-Émile N'Goran Kouakou. "Communication vocale chez la mone de Campbell sauvage (Cercopithecus campbelli campbelli) au Parc national de Taï- Côte d'Ivoire flexibilité acoustique et proto-syntaxe /." Rennes : Université Rennes 2, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00385425/fr.
Full textThèse soutenue en co-tutelle. Titre provenant de l'écran titre. Bibliogr. p. 225-251.Annexes.
Régazzi, Cécile. "De l'état solitaire à la vie sociale : adaptations d'un groupe de chats des sables (Felis margarita Loche, 1858) et d'un couple de manuls (Otocolobus manul Pallas, 1776) à la vie collective en captivité." Paris 5, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA05H021.
Full textAttibuted to some species, the notion of "solitary" is usually contrasted with that of "sociality" found in the species having a collective way of life and durable relations between individuals. Does the life of a solitary animal mean that it is free from intraspecific relations? Basing our work on this question, we propose to study the behaviors of two species of felids, which are famous for being solitary in their natural habitat, when they are housed in a particular environnement which is the zoological garden. In this artificial situation of captivity, the animals are forced to adapt their solitary way of life to a collective existence imposed by this environment. The observation of a "group" of sand cats (felis margarita) and of a "pair" of Pallas'cats (Otocolobus manul) made it possible to reveal modes of adaptation to the collective life through the study of repertories of solitary activities, repertories of communication and of the use of space. The "group" of sand cats and the "pair" of Palla's cats seen to have different behavorial answers when they are put in this situation. The members of the "group" in particular show a certain behavorial "flexibility" by accepting a collective existence which involves a certain degree of sociability. On the other hand, the behavorial pattern of the members of "pair" shows their difficulty to adapt to collective life. Besides, we are unaware if the origin of this difficulty depends on the species or is merely an individual characteristic
Fourrier, Agnès. "Etude de quelques processus cognitifs chez les corvidés : résolution brusque de problèmes de type logique par un geai des chênes, Garrulus g. glandarius." Paris 5, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA05H080.
Full text-Introduction to cognitive problems in crows: - a raven and a black throated jay were trained to make numerical discriminations, one from three, four, five, six, and two from three. - Completion of logical series of abstract and concrete pictures : a series of three pictures presented the same figure but at different points of its spatial evolution. The figure is either abstract (geometrical) or concrete (drawings of food). Following this reading test, the same pictures (but at different stages) are presented on two, three or four box lids. The bird has to open the lid showing a picture that logically completes the presented series. Only one solution is possible. Each series is unique and is presented only once. Most of the series are well completed, some others are incorrectly solved. The bird seems to be able to understand the logical relationship between the three pictures and to choose the correct solution from among two or three pictures (out of three boxes, the failure is due to a too large number of pictures to consider). In certain cases, this choice requires the use of a strict order relationship between the pictures
Amy, Mathieu. "Utiliser les informations fournies par les interactions entre les congénères pour ajuster son comportement : études chez le canari domestique commun (Serinus canaria)." Paris 10, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA100133.
Full textGrowing studies have focused on the social environment in which communication occurs. This social context has been for a long time ignored in the study of animal behaviour. These studies show that individuals gather information from the interactions of their conspecifics. This information allows individuals to choose the best alternative to enhance their survival or fitness. To date, the different contexts in which individuals gather and use this information are poorly understood. The aim of my thesis is to explore some of these contexts in the domestic canary. Overall my results show that mates and females eavesdrop on visual and acoustic mate-mate interactions and use the gathered information to adjust their behaviour. Females use information gathered from a visual interaction and information gathered from a vocal interaction differently; the kind of signals used in male-male interactions may account for this discrepancy. Females do not seem to use information to adjust their behaviour when gathered information is conflicting. Furthermore they do not copy the mate choice of other females. Mates are inhibited by a 'winner' of a visual or acoustic interaction. This thesis suggests that multiple social interactions can be at the origin of different types of information
Bernard, Alexandre. "De l'activité individuelle à la coopération auto-organisée chez les arthropodes : exemple de la construction d'une toile chez les araignées." Nancy 1, 2002. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2002_0232_BERNARD.pdf.
Full textPeignot, Patricia. "Etude de l'évolution de différents aspects de la mise en place de l'organisation sociale dans des groupes de rats Wistar en réponse à une contrainte de l'environnement : différenciation comportementale, structuration de l'espace." Nancy 1, 1994. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1994_0060_PEIGNOT.pdf.
Full textGilbert, Caroline Ancel André. "Le comportement de thermorégulation sociale Son importance pour l'économie d'énergie /." Strasbourg : Université Louis Pasteur, 2007. http://eprints-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/704/01/Gilbert2006.pdf.
Full textQuenette, Pierre-Yves. "Autonomie et activité de surveillance chez le sanglier (sus scrofa) : approche descriptive, expérimentale et évolutive." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30044.
Full textBouchet, Hélène. "Relation entre variabilité du répertoire vocal et système social : étude comparative chez les cercopithécinés (Cercocebus torquatus, Cercopithecus campbelli, Cercopithecus neglectus)." Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1S035.
Full textCommunication is essential to the social functioning. Therefore social pressures may have a major role on the evolution of communicative abilities. We studied, in captivity, three non-human primate species which differed by their social systems : the red-capped mangabey (Cercocebus torquatus), the Campbell's monkey (Cercopithecus campbelli) and the de Brazza's monkey (Cercopithecus neglectus). Our results highlight a strong link between vocal variability and social factors. The individual's social role is reflected in its repertoire's composition and diversity, and in its loquaciousness. The function of a call type influences its degree of acoustic variability and its potential to convey an identitary message. Finally, we were able to establish a link between size, diversity of the repertoire, vocal activity and degree of complexity of the species' social system. Thus, our comparative study supports the hypothesis of a social-vocal co-evolution in the Primate lineage
Gilbert, Caroline. "Le comportement de thermorégulation sociale : Son importance pour l'économie d'énergie." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2006/GILBERT_Caroline_2006.pdf.
Full textDuryadi, Dedy. "Rôle possible du comportement dans l'évolution de deux souris "Mus macedonicus" et "Mus spicilegus" en Europe centrale." Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20107.
Full textFarand, Étienne. "Liens entre le système social, la démographie et la génétique de la marmotte alpine (Marmota marmota, L)." Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO10209.
Full textGuillaume, Olivier. "Importance des communications chimiques dans le comportement social des urodèles cavernicoles : comparaison entre un cavernicole strict (Proteus anguinus L, proteidae) et un cavernicole facultatif (Euproctus asper D, salamandridae)." Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO10070.
Full textKaufmann, Bernard. "Organisation socio-génétique de la fourmi d'Argentine Linepithema humile (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)." Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30053.
Full textLackman-Ancrenaz, Isabelle. "Le commensalisme du babouin hamadryas (papio hamadryas hamadryas) en Arabie Saoudite." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MNHN0003.
Full textPlusquellec, Pierrich. "Influence d'une sélection pour la combativité et l'aptitude à la dominance sur le comportement social et la réactivité émotionnelle des bovins domestiques femelles de la race d'Hérens." Paris 13, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA132005.
Full textBodin, Carole. "Partage de l'espace et relations de voisinage dans une population continentale de Blaireaux européens (Meles meles)." Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20182.
Full textThis thesis focuses on social organisation and space-sharing of European badgers (Meles meles) in a low density population in north-eastern France, studied using radio-tracking. We first reviewed classical concepts and methods used to define space use and space-sharing. At the methodological level, we developed a specific index of activity overlap to analyse space-sharing, and we conducted a homing experiment to test whether badgers themselves are able to build up some representation of the spatial organisation of their neighbouring groups. Badger groups we studied can be characterised by a high level of tolerance, without apparent territoriality: group’s home ranges overlapped, feeding areas were shared between neighbours and we observed movements between groups. When translocated to the home range of a neighbouring group, badgers were able to return to their own sett, without moving beyond the home range of the neighbouring group. On the other hand, badgers translocated beyond the neighbouring groups’ home range were unable to find their way home, whatever the displacement distance. Badgers appeared to be able to build up some representation of the spatial organisation of the neighbouring groups’ home ranges, but the cognitive level involved could not be precisely defined, in particular because of a small sample of translocated animals. Moreover, this experiment showed that tolerance between badgers seemed to be limited to the close neighbouring groups. We finally discuss the evolution of sociality, advocating the hypothesis that, in Carnivores, the tolerance and the opportunism of spatial group living species could be the root for subsequent evolution towards specialised life styles, the solitary one and the social group life
Bourjade, Marie Thierry Bernard Hausberger Martine. "Sociogenèse et expression des comportements individuels et collectifs chez le cheval." Strasbourg : Université Louis Pasteur, 2008. http://eprints-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/896/01/BOURJADE_Marie_2007.pdf.
Full textTexte en français et en anglais. Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. p. 219-239.
Bourjade, Marie. "Sociogenèse et expression des comportements individuels et collectifs chez le cheval." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2007/BOURJADE_Marie_2007.pdf.
Full textThis study deals with the role of social influences on the regulation of social behaviour in horses. The results show that the behaviour of young Przewalski horses correlates with the young/adult ratio of the family and that the development of young’s social preferences occurs with a differentiation of relationships according to interacting partners. An experimental study on young domestic horses in presence or absence of adult partners indicates some interacting effects of both partner types on the young’s sociogeny. Additionally, a predictive link between stallion dominance rank in all-male groups and their subsequent paternities suggests there are functional consequences of males’ social skills. A second investigation enhances different collective decision-making processes in the movements of Przewalski horse families. Indeed, the social dynamics of movement patterns are affected by individual, social and environmental factors
Eslami, Seyed-Jalal. "Comportement de ponte, fécondité et descendance de l'hyménoptère grégaire dinarmus vagabundus." Tours, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985TOUR4009.
Full textJacobs, Armand Thomas. "Impact des pressions sociales et écologiques sur les processus décisionnels lors des déplacements collectifs chez deux espèces de primates (Eulemur fulvus et Macaca fuscata)." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA6071.
Full textLiving successfully as a group depends on the ability of its members to compromise between their individual needs and motivations and those of other group members. Individuals with potentially different needs can thus synchronise their activity with that of other group members and move collectively, hence preserving the group. The study of collective movement is one of the most efficient ways to tackle the question of decision-making processes in animal societies. Research in this domain has enabled us to identify differences between certain individuals or classes of individuals playing a more important role in decision-taking situations. Since this discovery, two conflicting theories have been proposed to explain the possible reasons behind this dominant role in certain individuals. The first theory explains these differences by ecological differences, whereas the second suggests that they are the result of social pressure. In order to test these two hypotheses, I studied two primate species. Firstly, the brown lemur (Eulemur fulvus) was tested in a controlled environment. This species has a social system that is very different to other lemuriformes studied to date. Secondly, the Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata) was studied in the wild. This species has an intolerant social style. The results obtained from this thesis pinpoint the substantial impact that social factors have on decision-making processes in the brown lemur and the Japanese macaque, even in the wild. This thesis enables a further step towards a generalisation of the hypothesis that there is indeed a social influence on decision-making
Hamidou, Amine. "Analyse des interactions entre l'animal et son environnement physique et social : exemple d'un mutant neurologique : la souris Staggerer." Nancy 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NAN10046.
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