Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Comportement spatial chez les animaux'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Comportement spatial chez les animaux.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Joubert, Anne. "Exploration et mémoire spatiale chez de jeunes babouins (Papio papio) : aspects cognitifs et sociaux." Aix-Marseille 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX22048.
Full textDépy, Delphine. "Latéralisation hémisphérique dans le traitement des relations spatiales et catégorisation chez l'humain et le babouin." Aix-Marseille 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX11010.
Full textHenry, Caroline. "Organisation socio-spatiale d'une population de renards roux (Vulpes vulpes) en milieu rural : Nature des relations et degrés de parenté entre individus de même groupes spatiaux." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2004/HENRY_Caroline_2004.pdf.
Full textLaffort, Brigitte. "Orientation spatiale et lumière polarisée chez Talitrus saltator (Crustacea, Amphipoda) aspects comportementaux et évolutifs." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30104.
Full textGault, Agnès. "Prospection alimentaire et impact de la distribution spatiale et temporelle des ressources trophiques chez le Vautour fauve (Gyps fulvus)." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066263.
Full textWe studied the impact of carcass management due to sanitary legislation on the foraging behaviour of scavenging raptors. We were especially interested in two populations of griffon vultures (Gyps fulvus), whose foraging behaviour was explored. We compared a reintroduced population where managers have recourse to spatially predictable feeding stations, to a native population where food is mainly unpredictable. We show that griffon vultures in the managed population adjust their foraging strategies with the spatial distribution of feeding stations. However, the efficiency of foraging on haphazardly dispersed carcasses is not affected, being similar in the two study populations. Thus, the ecological service these birds provide is not thrown back into question. We found a negative effect of density on juvenile survival, which is probably resulting from a higher competition for food induced by the supply of spatially predictable feeding stations
Michelena, Pablo. "Organisation spatio-temporelle des groupes chez les ongulés : une étude expérimentale de la ségrégation des sexes chez le mouton mérinos (ovis aries)." Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30187.
Full textLarge mammalian herbivores being prey species, the functioning of their groups is mainly the subject of hypotheses linked to individual survival. In the present study, I test the different functional hypotheses relative to the regulation of vigilance activity with group size, and I propose a new mechanism that could generate this regulation. Then, I analyse the fusion-fission dynamics of groups in order to understand the mechanisms underlying the formation of large groups in open environment. The present work comes within the scope of a mechanistic approach whose purposes are (1) to explain what it is observed at a global scale by quantifying the processes at work at a local scale, and (2) to check the relevance of these processes using dynamical models. Insisting on the concept of emergence, this work allows the key-role of the natural selection in biological phenomena to be discussed
Sempo, Grégory. "Division du travail dans les tâches internes au nid et distribution spatiale des castes chez la fourmi dimorphique Pheidole pallidula." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211087.
Full textLeblanc, Caroline P. "Effet de la déficience en fer maternelle sur le métabolisme des acides gras essentiels et des éicosanoïdes et sur l'apprentissage spatial et le processus de mémoire de la progéniture chez le cochon d'Inde." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20970.
Full textLenck-Santini, Pierre-Pascal. "Etude des relations entre l'activité des cellules de lieu hippocampiques et les propriétés des comportements spatiaux chez le rat." Aix-Marseille 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX11034.
Full textMuller, Christophe. "Régénération et restauration fonctionnelle après atteinte cérébrale chez le rat adulte : une approche préclinique combinant plusieurs stratégies thérapeutiques." Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA6128.
Full textDamage to the adult mammal brain has been considered to be irreversible for a long time. We know now that regeneration can occur in the CNS, provided a permissive environment is furnished to neural cells to stimulate their inherent growth capacity. This introduces new regrading brain damage therapeutic opportunities. Based on an aspirative lesion of the Rat dorsal septo-hippocampal pathways, the current thesis tried to promote CNS regeneration processes by testing individually or in combination several new treatments. The results highlight the functional and structural beneficial effects of a wide-range treatment consisting of a polyamine, the putrescine, combined with an anti-inflammatory agent, the aminoguanidine, which also reduces the polyamine degradation in to toxic metabolites. In association with a biomaterial implanted as a recovery bridge in the lesion cavity, and reinforced by others treatments targeting the bioavailability of endogenous neurotrophic factors (enriched housing and/or administration of synthetic regenerating agents), this treatment reduced some of the lesion induced behavioral deficits by improving neuronal plasticity. However, these encouraging results have been limited by the too rapid degradation of the biomaterial, preventing the neural fibers from reaching and reconnecting the target structure. Given the complex intricate mechanisms involved in brain regenerative processes, the optimization of complementary and synergistic treatments appears to be essential to overcome the various obstacles opposed to the reconstruction of lesioned neural pathways
Normand, Emmanuelle. "Spatial abilities of Wild Chimpanzees Pan troglodytes verus." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR21678/document.
Full textWhereas numerous studies demonstrated fascinating behaviour of animals in their natural habitat, some important areas of research were difficult to tackle in the field. This is the case of many studies on cognitive aspects that required controlled environment to dissociate ecological and social influence from cognition. One of these important areas of research is the spatial cognition including spatial memory, spatial orientation mechanisms and the practical use of these abilities to travel efficiently, such as planning skills. This study on spatial cognition in wild chimpanzees took place in Taï National Park, a tropical dense forest where potential food resources are highly abundant in their 25 km² territory, and the visibility is approximately 30 meters. Adding to this complexity, chimpanzees live in a fission-fusion society, maintaining relationships with each other. Nevertheless, with a precise recording of chimpanzee’s location and activities and a precise botanic map of the territory, we were able to dissociate the ecological, social and cognitive effects and understand some relationships between these factors. Here, we showed that wild chimpanzees developed a precise mechanism to navigate efficiently in their large area using a Euclidean map containing accurate information about direction and distance to the known resources. This mechanism is highly adapted and efficient as the chimpanzees have a precise knowledge of the resources location in their area, remembering the location of thousand trees location. These highly developed abilities allowed them to increase their efficiency by selecting the most productive resources, planning them in advanced and on a higher level to plan the shortest path through these major resources during the day when the social pressure induce a higher precision in resource selection. These findings highlight first the outstanding spatial abilities of wild chimpanzees and second that cognition can be better explained in animals’ natural complex environment
Trotz zahlreicher Studien, die das faszinierende Verhalten von Wildtieren in ihrer natürlichen Umwelt dokumentieren, bleiben einige Studienfelder schwer erfassbar. So ist zum Beispiel bei der Erforschung von bestimmten kognitiven Aspekten die Rücksichtnahme auf den Umweltfaktor erforderlich, damit Umwelt- und Sozialeinfluss von den kognitiven Faktoren unterschieden werden können. Zu diesen Untersuchungsfeldern gehört die Raumkognition, welche das Raumgedächtnis, die Mechanismen der Raumorientierung sowie deren effizientes Nutzen durch die Schimpansen, z.B. durch ihre Fähigkeit zum Planen, einschließt. Die vorgestellte Studie über Raumkognition bei wild lebenden Schimpansen wurde im Nationalpark von Tai durchgeführt, das heißt, in einem dichten tropischen Wald, wo potentielle Ressourcen bei einer Sichtweite von ungefähr 30 Metern auf einem 25 qm großen Areal reichlich verteilt sind. Hinzu kommt, dass Schimpansen in einer Fission-Fusion Gesellschaftsstruktur leben, die vielfache soziale Beziehungen fördern. Jedoch, mit einer genauen Registrierung der räumlichen Lage und der Aktivitäten der Schimpansen und anhand einer präzisen botanischen Karte des Gebiets, konnten wir die Umwelt-, Sozial- und kognitiven Effekte gegeneinander abgrenzen und somit die zwischen diesen unterschiedlichen Faktoren bestehenden Beziehungen erfassen. In dieser Studie zeigen wir, dass Schimpansen einen besonderen Mechanismus zur Raumorientierung auf ihrem Gebiet entwickelt haben. Dabei verfügen sie über eine euklidische Mind-Karte mit präzisen Informationen über Richtungen und Entfernungen zu den bekannten Ressourcen. Durch ein genaues Wissen über die Verteilung der Nahrungsressourcen auf ihrem Gebiet ist dieser Mechanismus hoch effizient. Dank dieser Fähigkeiten werden Schimpansen immer effizienter, indem sie die ergiebigsten Ressourcen auswählen, dabei planende Fähigkeiten einsetzen und weiterhin indem sie an einem Tag die kürzeste Strecke zu den verschiedenen Ressourcen ausmachen, wenn der soziale Druck höchste Präzision in der Wahl der Nahrungsressourcen erfordert. Diese Erkenntnisse erhellen zuallererst die außergewöhnlichen Fähigkeiten der wild lebenden Schimpansen und beweisen, dass sich kognitive Mechanismen bei wild lebenden Tieren in ihrer natürlichen Umwelt besser erklären lassen
Lenoir, Jean-Christophe. "Structure sociale et stratégie de reproduction chez Cardiocondyla elegans." Phd thesis, Université François Rabelais - Tours, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00105127.
Full textAprès avoir confirmé génétiquement la monogynie de cette espèce (une seule reine entourée d'environ 200 ouvrières), nous nous sommes attachés à analyser l'habitat de C. elegans. Le nid est creusé dans le sol jusqu'à 40 cm de profondeur. Il est composé, comme celui de nombreuses autres espèces, d'un conduit vertical reliant une dizaine de chambres superposées. En milieu ligérien, C. elegans est retrouvée uniquement sur les grèves en fixation. Nous avons montré que la composition des sédiments de ces grèves était importante pour la survie de cette fourmi. Durant l'été, elle permet dans les chambres les plus profondes, de conserver une température constante inférieure à 30°C avec de très faibles variations quotidiennes. Durant les crues, les sédiments composés de moins de 60% de sable, ne sont que très peu entraînés par le courant (grèves « fixées »). De plus ils permettent, lors de la remontée de la nappe alluviale, la création de poches d'air nécessaires à la survie des fourmis.
L'étude de la répartition spatiale des nids au cours des années nous a révélé que 40% des nids disparaissent d'une année sur l'autre suite aux conditions hivernales. Cependant, suffisamment d'individus sexués, en l'occurrence des femelles fécondées, survivent pour fonder de nouveaux nids. La population étudiée de C. elegans sur les bords de Loire montre une forte densité avoisinant 1 nid/m2. Les grèves fixées étant des environnements morcelés, les nids entrent en compétition pour l'espace et se distribuent de façon régulière. Ainsi, moins de 1% des femelles réussissent à fonder de nouveaux nids.
De Juillet à Septembre, les nids matures produisent des individus sexués. Alors que les femelles sont ailées, C. elegans possède une particularité par rapport aux autres fourmis : elle ne produit que des mâles ergatoïdes (sans ailes) tolérants entre eux. Nous avons déterminé que lors de la période de reproduction, les nids contenaient en moyenne 5,3 mâles ergatoïdes et 76,6 femelles ailées. La reine est généralement fécondée par plusieurs mâles. Ainsi les individus du nid sont issus de la même mère mais peuvent avoir des pères différents (en moyenne 4,5 fratries par nid).
En analysant la structure génétique des populations nous pouvons dire que 30% des accouplements impliquent des individus non apparentés. Ce fait est du à la présence de nombreux sexués étrangers à l'intérieur des nids. La présence d'individus étrangers dans des colonies monogynes est singulière et nous a amené à nous interroger sur les stratégies de reproduction de C. elegans. Des tests comportementaux nous ont permis de mettre en évidence que les mâles étaient toujours acceptés lorsqu'ils tentaient de pénétrer dans une nouvelle colonie contrairement aux femelles ailées qui sont systématiquement attaquées. La présence de femelles ailées dans des nids étrangers s'explique par leur transport par des ouvrières, un comportement que nous avons observé sur le terrain en période de reproduction. Ces échanges de sexués pourraient permettre de diminuer la consanguinité à l'intérieur de la population, évitant ainsi la production de mâles diploïdes (stériles) et procurer une meilleure résistance de la population en cas de changements environnementaux.
L'étude de cette fourmi nous a permis de mettre en évidence une stratégie de reproduction originale, décrite ici pour la première fois. Notre étude révèle également que C. elegans est la seule espèce de fourmis à être adaptée aux conditions environnementales des grèves en fixation. La seule présence de cet organisme, au même titre que certaines espèces végétales, permet de caractériser une étape de l'évolution morphologique des chenaux secondaires de la Loire.
Fuchs, Fanny. "Impact des conditions d'hébergement sur le vieillissement cognitif chez le rat : études comportementales, électrophysiologiques et neurochimiques." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAJ077/document.
Full textThis thesis aimed to investigate in which extent environmental enrichment (EE) until or from an age at which cognitive decline is already apparent contributes to the maintenance of spatial memory observed in aged rats housed all their life in EE, and to study some neurobiological mechanisms likely underlying this preservation. We showed that housing in EE does not need to be maintained until the end of life to allow the preservation of cognitive function in aged rats. Moreover, late EE does not permit the recovery from already altered capabilities, but enables the preservation of some functions of subsequent alterations. The maintenance of spatial memory does not seem to be due to EE-related modification of sleep-wake cycle. But, exposure to EE induces a modification of hippocampal oscillatory activity, and could, by supporting local neuronal synchronization, promote information processing in more specialized networks. Finally, EE preserves the cholinergic system from age-related alteration in different cerebral areas, a mechanism that could participate to the maintenance of cognitive function in aged rats housed all their life in EE
Prima, Marie-Caroline. "Utilisation de l'espace par les grands herbivores dans un environnement hétérogène et dynamique : méthodologie et applications." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/34748.
Full textIn my thesis, I develop mechanistic models of space use based on animal movement, to understand and to predict population distribution in heterogeneous and dynamic landscapes. Used and developed methodologies couple mathematical modelling of the spatio-temporal dynamics of animal movement together with statistical analysis of simulated and empirical movement datasets. In my first chapter, I proceed in a series of simulations to clarify how many clusters are needed when using generalized estimating equations to correctly account for the correlation in movement data and to obtain robust inference on habitat selection. My simulations reveal that 30 independent individuals, each assigned to a cluster, are sufficient to avoid biased evaluation of the uncertainty on habitat selection along movement in heterogeneous environments. When less than 30 individuals are available, destructive sampling can be used but solely when temporal correlation is present and inter-individual heterogeneity is low in the data. In my second chapter, I develop a statistical movement model that allows to identify successive behavioral phases (e.g., foraging phase, inter-patch movement) together with behavior-specific habitat selection parameters, over the whole population and using temporally irregular data. Analysis of simulated and empirical movement data from three large herbivores including plains bison (Bison bison bison), mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) and plains zebra (Equus quagga) show the robustness and the high predictive capacity of the model. This statistical tool is also flexible since I assess multiple ecological processes from those datasets such as foraging behavior, migratory behavior or prey-predator interactions. In addition, I show how accounting for behavioral phases in habitat selection analysis is crucial to correctly characterize habitat selection along animal movement. In my third chapter, I develop a mathematical framework to couple movement of individuals among a network of resource patches with residency time in patches to mechanistically predict space use in heterogeneous landscapes. In addition, I illustrate a methodology to identify and predict the most representative theoretical network for the target species. I show from model application on data of plains bison that the theoretical network topology is crucial to correctly infer population space use and implement realistic management and conservation planning. In my chapter 4, I empirically assess the robustness of a network of resource patches following landscape fragmentation from anthropogenic source. The analysis shows that woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) reconnect some patches, thus causing robustness in their spatial networks. However, predictions on space use from the mechanistic model developed in chapter 3 reveal that, despite the rewiring, patch use change following the fragmentation. Moreover, this change is stronger when the most connected patches (i.e., the hubs) are impacted. My thesis provides a methodological contribution to better account for correlation in movement data and integrate behavioral phases in habitat selection analysis in heterogeneous landscapes. Besides, my work links network theory and space use to mechanistically predict population distribution in heterogeneous and dynamic environments. My research also assesses the context in which network theory can be applied to spatial ecology. Finally, my thesis improves our mechanistic understanding of animal movement in four species of large herbivores.
Ali, Mohamad. "Effet de l'enrichissement physique et social sur l'établissement d'un souvenir spatial à long terme après lésion des noyaux reuniens et rhomboïde du thalamus chez le rat." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAJ054/document.
Full textRecent studies have shown the key role of the ventral midline thalamus (Reuniens and Rhomboid nuclei; ReRh) in spatial memory persistence in rats, which requires a hippocampo- prefrontal dialogue for consolidation at the systems-level. As enriched environment (EE) promotes the recovery of declarative-like memories after diencephalic (anterior thalamus) lesion, and enhances neuronal plasticity, we tested its impact on the effects of the ReRh lesion upon the consolidation/retrieval of a remote spatial memory in a Morris water maze (i.e. 25 post-acquisition days). For this purpose, we exposed rats for 40 days to an enriched environment beginning 2 weeks after fiber-sparing excitotoxic thalamic lesions. In addition, the expression of the immediate early gene, c-fos, was mapped by immunohistochemistry as a marker of functional activity in the dorsal hippocampus, the median prefrontal cortex (mPFC), the intralaminar thalamic nuclei and the amygdala. Enriched housing allows the recovery of spatial memory persistence capacities in ReRh rats, with additional beneficial effects on anxiety and habituation to a novel environment. Immunohistochemistry of the Fos protein showed a higher recruitment of the mPFC, concomitant with memory capacities recovery in enriched ReRh rats, while in standard ReRh rats, Fos expression in the mPFC was significantly decreased together with the alteration of memory performance. The lesion-induced amygdala hyperactivity in basal and memory conditions was significantly attenuated in the ReRh enriched group. We suggested that amygdala might be involved in the effect of ReRh lesion on memory persistence, and also in the functional recovery associated with the restoration of the mPFC activity during remote memory retrieval in enriched ReRh rats
Vakanas, Guillaume. "Les mécanismes de la coopération chez les Arthropodes sociaux : étude de la prédation chez une araignée sociale "Anelosimus eximius" ("Araneae,Theridiidae)." Nancy 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NAN10025.
Full textPredation in a social species of spider, Anelosimus eximius, is characterised by 3 steps: during the first spiders are recruited, thus it capture and finally transport the prey. The organisation observed during capture and transport is explained by a coordination of individual acts that results of an adjustment of their behaviours to the state of the prey and to its environment (stimergic process). This is confirmed by computer simulation. The regulation of the number of individuals participating in every stage of the predation is also explained by auto-organisation phenomena. It is the prey features (vibrations, weight and size) that regulate the individual involvement. The nutritional status of individuals is also involved in this regulation. Small spiders are more active than large one. Thus, cooperation during predation emerges from group living and doesn't require sophisticated communication mechanisms between individuals. It permits to understand better how the passage from solitary to social species has been realised without important modifications of individual behaviours
Cayuela, Hugo. "Réponses à un environnement spatio-temporellement variable : sexe, dispersion et tactiques d'histoire de vie chez le sonneur à ventre jaune (Bombina variegata, L.)." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1034/document.
Full textInvestigating the links between environmental variability and life history traits, dispersal and breeding decisions is critical challenge for ecologists. I have examined this issue in anuran, the yellow-bellied toad (Bombina variegata). In the first part of my thesis, I have examined the influence of spatio-temporal variation of the environment on the covariation patterns between life history traits, dispersal and behavioral types at inter-population scale. I have investigated how the level of breeding habitat stochasticity may regulate the position of B. variegata populations along the slow-fast continuum and may promote dispersal syndromes among populations. Then I have analyzed the consequence of such dispersal syndromes on population genetic differentiation. In the second part of my thesis, I have focused on the role of the environmental canalization in the life history strategy of B. variegata and I have evaluated how various forms of weather variation (mean and extreme events) could affect the dynamics of different populations. In each studied populations, I have quantified the impacts of weather variation on various demographic parameters as survival, recruitment and breeding probabilities. In the third part of my thesis, I have investigated female mate choice in B. variegata by successively examining good genes and compatible gene hypotheses, and then by evaluating the role of breeding habitat quality and availability on mating decisions
Livoreil, Barbara. "Etude comparée des modalités d'approvisionnement alimentaire chez trois espèces d'écureuils terrestres." Paris 13, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA131011.
Full textLe, Vaillant Maryline. "Effet de l’âge et de l’expérience sur les stratégies de recherche alimentaire chez une espèce d’oiseau longévive : le manchot royal." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA6216.
Full textLife history theory predicts that long-lived species should firstly favour their survival at young ages since their chances to engage in future reproductive attempts is high, and then progressively favour their reproduction when growing old. This theory has received much support from experimental and field data as reproductive success often increases with age until the individual reaches senescence. One explanation of age-dependent reproductive performance could be the improvement in foraging efficiency with age and acquisition of experience. We examined age and experience effects on foraging behaviour in a long-lived seabird, the king penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus). We highlighted that, with increasing age and experience, king penguin in Crozet Archipelago conduct strategies that aim at reducing the foraging effort, such as diving optimization or age-specific choice of prey. The extra foraging effort of first breeders had an impact on their breeding success. Nevertheless, we found no differences in hunting efficiency according to age and/or experience. Our results suggest that foraging efficiency of breeders could be more linked to physiological processes, such as cellular ageing, than to age or experience
Saleh-Mghir, Essam. "La reconnaissance coloniale chez l'abeille : Apis mellifica L." Toulouse 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU30273.
Full textBEUGNON, GUY. "Orientation et memoires spatiales chez quelques especes d'arthropodes : theorie de l'antagonisme et comportement animal." Toulouse 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU30117.
Full textGraziani, Laurent. "L'allocation aux sexes chez la marmotte alpine (Marmota marmota, Linné 1758)." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10326.
Full textSueur, Cédric. "Étude comparative de l’influence des relations sociales sur l’organisation des déplacements collectifs chez deux espèces de macaques (Macaca tonkeana, M. Mulatta)." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2008/SUEUR_Cedric_2008.pdf.
Full textLiving in groups involves group cohesion and synchronization. In this context, animals with different needs have to decide collectively about the time and the direction to move. In Primates, studies mainly focused on intentional behaviours such as recruitment, while in large groups they showed the existence of auto-organised processes. Few studies however have been carried out to prove the existence of these self-organised processes in highly structured groups as primates’ ones. In the same way, studies showed how social relationships of group members constrained behaviours like aggressive, conciliatory or grooming ones but we don’t know how these social relationships influenced the kind of consensus in a species. In order to test these hypotheses, I studied two macaque species with contrasted social style, the rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) having a strict hierarchy and a high nepotism and the Tonkean macaque (M. Tonkeana) known to be tolerant. Results of this thesis showed the existence of both auto-organised processes and more complex ones in these stable small groups with individuals demonstrating relatively complex cognitive abilities. Results also proved the influence of the social style of a species, in term of dominance and kinship, on the consensus. Tonkean macaques displayed an equally shared consensus and group members are organised according to affiliation during a collective movement. Conversely, rhesus macaques displayed a partially shared consensus in favour of high-ranking individuals and the organisation of individuals was biased in favour of kinship
Beaulieu, Michael. "Réponses aux contraintes de reproduction chez le manchot Adélie." Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA6205.
Full textLife-history theory predicts that an increased allocation of resources into current breeding will be followed by a lower adult survival or fecundity. Consequently, long-lived animals have to accurately regulate their effort in current reproduction to maximise their survival probability and lifetime breeding success. In addition, in biparental species, a conflict of interest may arise between mates, both being expected to minimise their breeding effort in current reproduction. We examined the trade-off between reproduction and maintenance in a long-lived and biparental species, the Adélie penguin Pygoscelis adeliae, subjected to two constraints (environmental and experimental) affecting food accessibility during the breeding season. Penguins responded to both constraints by adjusting their foraging behaviour: longer foraging trips, modified spatial distribution and diving parameters. These behavioural changes are likely to result from hormonal changes (prolactin). In addition, penguins facing a breeding constraint give priority to their maintenance by increasing their antioxidant capacity, expected to reduce the negative impacts of reproduction on the organism senescence (steady telomere size). However, when the constraint is too severe, these behavioural and physiological adjustments are insufficient and in that case, penguins exhibit decreased body condition, lower survival rate and fecundity the subsequent year. This may explain why, when only one mate is subjected to a breeding constraint, its partner does not increase its parental effort to compensate, presumably to avoid the potential long-term consequences of an additional investment. In Adélie penguins, parental flexibility appears limited and beyond a threshold of constraint, this flexibility remains insufficient to avoid the deleterious consequences of reproduction on their fitness
Formanek, Laureline. "Rythmicité comportementale et vie sociale chez la caille japonaise." Rennes 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REN1S088.
Full textThis thesis describes the links which can exist between behavioural rhythmicity and elements of social life in Japanese quail (Coturnix c. Japonica). Two lines of birds were produced during this work: quail presenting clear circadian rhythmicity of feeding activity and quail presenting circadian arrhythmicity of feeding activity. We first showed a link between behavioural rhythmicity and some individual characteristics such as social motivation, parameter at the origin of every social relationship. Quail presenting clear circadian rhythmicity are also more socially motivated than arrhythmic quail. Then, we demonstrated that the behavioural rhythmicity of an individual could predict the quality of his integration in a stable group of quail. Quail presenting a clear circadian rhythmicity better integrate in a group than arrhythmic quail. Finally, we found that the ontogenetic development of the behavioural rhythmicity of young quail could be postnatally modified by social influence, especially by maternal influence. The mother structures the circadian and ultradian systems of her chicks. In addition, postnatal maternal effects on behavioural rhythmicity of chicks are linked to the rhythmic phenotype of the mother. Thus, this work demonstrates the importance and diversity of the links between social life and behavioural rhythmicity in a bird model
David-Henriet, Ordonezgiraldo Ana-Isabel. "Comportement sexuel chez eurycotis floridana (dictyoptera : blattidae). Rôle des phéromones sexuelles." Dijon, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993DIJOS012.
Full textLizé, Anne. "Reconnaissance de parentèle chez Aleochara bilineata (Coleoptera : Staphylinidae) : mécanismes proximaux et optimalité évolutive." Rennes 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007REN1S085.
Full textKin recognition, defined as the identification and differential treatments of kin and non-kin, allows to identify the factors influencing the sociality establishment. This ability exists in all the animal kingdom, from unicellular organisms to human being. However, in insects, kin recognition has only been studied in social or clonal species. In the non-social staphylinid beetle Aleochara bilineata (Coleoptera ; Staphylinidae), the first instar larvae, which develop as pupal parasitoid of the cabbage root fly Delia radicum (Diptera ; Anthomyiidae), and the adults are able of kin recognition. In this species, kin recognition is studied according to its expression contexts, proximal mechanisms and its evolutionary optimality. The factors leading to sociality establishment in animal populations are reached
Pourié, Grégory. "Comportement agonistique et communication chimique chez une araignée solitaire : Tegenaria atrica (Araneae, Agelenidae)." Nancy 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NAN10268.
Full textLecuelle, Stéphanie. "Comportement alimentaire des dindes en lien avec les caractéristiques visuelles et tactiles des aliments." Thesis, Tours, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOUR4005.
Full textIn turkeys, feeding neophobia induces either a decrease or a halt in feed intake. The aim of the present study was to identify both the impact of visual and tactile characteristics of the feed and also the feeding experience of animals and their reactions during the change-over feed period.The first experiment showed that a feed change from crumbs to pellets induced a decrease in feed intake and an increase in exploratory behaviour. In the second experiment, turkeys received light or dark coloured crumbs during the first two weeks of life. Exposure to light or dark coloured feed post hatch did not reduce neophobia for the subsequent change over to light or dark pellets. Nevertheless, the third experiment showed a decrease in neophobia when birds had a visual experience with the red or green feed for a duration of one week. In conclusion, the neophobic reaction of turkeys in the change-over feed depends on the sensorial differences between the novel feed and the previous feed received before the change and the previous feeding experience. Varied feeding experiences would allow for the better adaptation to novel feeds
Dubois, Frédérique. "Variation interspécifique du taux de divorce chez les oiseaux monogames : modélisation et approche comparative." Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO10249.
Full textDridi, Sami. "Expression et régulation de la leptine et des protéines découplantes (UCPgg) chez le poulet." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPL034N.
Full textRichard-Hansen, Cécile. "Socialisation et modalités d'organisation sociale chez l'Isard (Rupicapra pyrenaica p. ) : [thèse en partie soutenue sur un ensemble de travaux]." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30069.
Full textSchweitzer, Cécile. "Caractérisation des liens sociaux chez la caille japonaise (coturnix japonica) : motivation sociale et lien entre familiers." Thesis, Tours, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOUR4014/document.
Full textWe studied the influence of social motivation, defined as the motivation to seek social proximity, on the formation of social relationships between familiar conspecifics in Japanese quail selected for their high (HSR) or low (LSR) social reinstatement behaviour. After a short duration of pair contact (= 24h), one-week-old LSR quail showed a stronger preference for a familiar conspecific than HSR quail. However, six-week-old HSR quail revealed a stronger ability to discriminate according to familiarity than LSR ones. The HSR quail chicks formed a weaker social bond with the familiar conspecific than LSR ones, despite their higher social motivation. The strength of the bond decreased with increasing group size in both lines. Social instability induced a decrease in emotional reactivity (ER) of LSR quail, which indicates habituation to social changes, whereas ER of HSR quail was high regardless of social conditions. At last, LSR quail chicks showed a higher ER than LSR quail. To conclude, social motivation clearly influences the way Japanese quail chicks perceive their social environment and interact with it, and LSR quail seem able to adapt more easily to life in groups
Champalbert, Annette. "Ethogenèse du comportement social et variabilité chez la jeune fourmi primitive ectatomma tuberculatum (hymenoptera, ponerinae)." Paris 13, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA132013.
Full textBoghossian, Stéphane. "Fonction adaptative du comportement alimentaire et vieillissement : étude de la perte d'appétit pour les protéines chez le rat LOU/cjall." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CLF21378.
Full textBernard, Alexandre. "De l'activité individuelle à la coopération auto-organisée chez les arthropodes : exemple de la construction d'une toile chez les araignées." Nancy 1, 2002. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2002_0232_BERNARD.pdf.
Full textGundermann, Jean-Luc. "Étude sur le comportement maternel et son implication dans les phénomènes sub-sociaux chez l'araignée Coelotes terrestris (Wider)." Nancy 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10018.
Full textRuckstuhl, Kathreen Eva. "L'écologie du comportement alimentaire et la socialité chez le mouflon d'Amérique, Ovis Canadensis." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 1998.
Find full textBaussart, Sabine. "Etude fonctionnelle du comportement alimentaire chez les oiseaux Ramphastidae (Toucans) et Bucerotidae (Calaos)." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MNHN0018.
Full textThe study of feeding behaviour by birds has always been a basis of functional morphology. Within the relation shape and function among birds, 3 kind of information are generally looked for:Characteristics of structures used by birds. Characteristics involved in capture and transporting food. Influence of these characteristics, on the modalities of food capture and\or transport. The aim of thesis is to clarify the functional mechanisms of feeding behaviour in Neognatha. Types of research are contemplated :Anatomy and the functioning of the trophic system. Quantitative analyses used for the analysis of image and modeling analyses, will be realized among each species. We determine and characterize the ballistic transport in Ramphastidae and Bucerotidae. In Psittacidae, we demonstrate that the motor coordination is more complex. The results obtained in this study are essential to understand the food strategies of the studied birds. In conclusion, it will bring the data to discuss the evolution of the feeding behaviour mechanisms among birds, and to determine their modulation according to the ecological strategies of the studied species
Ligout, Séverine. "Mécanismes et bases sensorielles de la discrimination sociale entre jeunes chez les ovins : étude comportementale." Tours, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOUR4010.
Full textWe demonstrated that two mechanisms are involved in social recognition by lambs : direct familarisation (which allows subsequent recognition of familiar individuals) and indirect familiarity (in which individuals that have not been previously encountered are discriminated based upon their phenotypic resemblance to the subject lamb or to a lamb with which the suject is familiar). The presence of the mother also plays an important role in the development of discriminative interactions between young lambs (twins and unrelated agemates). Amongst the sensory modalities that were studied (olfaction, audition, vision), no single one was found to be necessary for discrimination between agemates. However, each one is sufficient for twin recognition but not for familiar unrelated individuals discrimination (only auditory cues are then sufficient). These results indicate that social discrimination is multi-sensory and that twin recognition is more efficient than recognition of non-kin individuals
Mineur, Yann S. "Neurogénèse et dépression : analyses neurogénétiques et comportementales chez la souris." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066230.
Full textKeller, Matthieu. "Processus d'acquisition et de consolidation impliqués dans la mémorisation des caractéristiques multisensorielles du jeune par la brebis : approches comportementale et neurobiologique." Paris 13, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA132028.
Full textPadzys, Guy Stéphane. "Incidences à court et à long terme d’une obstruction nasale bilatérale chez le rat Ratus norvegicus." Strasbourg, 2010. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2010/PADZYS_Guy_Stephane_2010.pdf.
Full textOn a general level of nasal obstruction is manifested by hypoxia and hyposmia. In mammals,olfactory cues are paramount in the learning of foreign or familiar smells and the choice of sexual partner. The purpose of this experimental work is to study the short and long term bilateral nasal obstruction of 3 days in a mammal altricial. Faced with hyposmia young, the mother increases her care activity. More young people have difficulties in orientation breasts and therefore growth retardation associated with a decrease of milk ingested. These disturbances are associated with decreased plasma levels of thyroid hormones, and increased levels of testosterone, and corticosterone greater for females. In addition to the passage mouth breathing leads to dehydration, atrophy of the lungs and olfactory bulbs, an adaptation of the respiratory muscle fibers orofacial development and articulation of complex nasomaxillaire adapted to an opening of the mouth frequently. Moreover, the results show a long-term influence on exploratory behavior during the search of sexual partners among males. We have shown that bilateral nasal obstruction of three days in a mammal unweaned causes short-and long-term, both behavioral and endocrine morphology
Gheusi, Gilles. "Développement et spécificité des comportements chez la souris (mus musculus). Influence de l'environnement parental." Paris 13, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA132014.
Full textRivière, Pierre. "Controle neuropeptidergique du comportement alimentaire chez le mouton : role de la somatocrinine (GRF)." Toulouse, INPT, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988INPT016A.
Full textScheid, Christelle. "Cooperation and temperament in rooksCoopération et tempérament chez les corbeaux freux." Strasbourg 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008STR13151.
Full textBousquié, Lara. "Etude des processus cognitifs impliqués dans la différenciation des émotions chez l'agneau (Ovis aries)." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CLF21498.
Full textLapeyronie, Paul. "Sevrage et séparation maternelle chez l'agneau : incidences nutritionnelles, modifications neuroendocrines et comportementales associées, conséquences zootechniques." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20214.
Full textPocheron, Anne-Lise. "Rôle du microbiote intestinal néonatal dans la programmation du comportement alimentaire chez le rat." Thesis, Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NANT1038.
Full textIntestinal microbiota influences the host health, particularly its energetic homeostasis. However, its impact on eating behaviour remains poorly studied. Intestinal microbiota composition established early in life is influenced by several environmental factors such as the composition of maternal microbiota or by neonatal supplementation in prebiotic oligosides. According to DOHaD concept (Developmental Origins of Health and Disease), simultaneous development of neuronal circuits regulating eating behaviour and intestinal microbiota during early life, highlight the potential role of this microbiota in eating behaviour programming. Thus, we investigated if the composition of the neonatal microbiota could program neurodevelopment of these circuits, leading to altered eating behaviour at adulthood. In a rat model, we aimed to modulate intestinal microbiota composition through direct input at birth of bacteria coming from mothers with different metabolic phenotypes, or by nutritional approach using prebiotic oligosides. These two parallel studies demonstrated a modulation in neonatal microbiota, without programming its composition. Eating behaviour programming by neonatal intestinal microbiota was characterized, depending on type of modulation and gender. Our work could lead to identification of bacteria correlated with certain eating behaviour features. However, mechanistic pathways through which these bacteria could program eating behaviour are yet to be studied
Thieltges, Hélène. "Distribution spatiale, stabilité et perception des dialectes chez deux espèces d’oiseaux guyanais (Cacicus cela et Cacicus haemorrhous)." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REN1S169/document.
Full textNumerous studies of dialects opened new perspectives on the origin, sustained presence and function of dialects in oscine birds. Three hypotheses have been proposed: the historical model (dialects would be by-products of vocal learning), the racial specialization model (dialects would be due to genetic differences between populations) and the social adaptation model (dialects would result from socially adaptive learning processes). Yellow-rumped caciques (Cacicus cela) have been a pioneer model for evidencing social dialects. Paradoxically, dialects have been indicated as absent in the closely related species red-rumped caciques (Cacicus haemorrhous). This study aims to verify the existence of dialects in C. cela, seek after the presence of dialects in C. haemorrrhous, study their spatial distribution and temporal stability, and test experimentally (in C. cela) their differential perception by colony members. The whole study was performed in French Guyana at nesting colonies. We measured timing and frequency acoustic parameters of short songs produced by males of both species during several years. We conducted experiments at colonies where we played back songs from different dialects. We found a colonial “short song” similar to that of C. cela in C. haemorrhous. We confirmed the presence of neighboring colony dialects in C. cela and we demonstrated their presence for the first time in C. haemorrhous. Dialects in both species show a fast temporal variation, with different dialects every year at the same place (difference more pronounced in C. cela). C. cela birds discriminate the dialects of their own colony from those of far distant origin. They notably answer the latter by voicing the first note of their short song. These results are in favor of the hypothesis of social adaptation for dialects in these two Cacicus species