Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Composants de centrales nucléaires'
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Trudel, Francis. "Méthodologie de contrôle du vieillissement des équipements et des composants pour les centrales nucléaires." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2004. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/1812/1/000121699.pdf.
Full textZille, Valérie. "Modélisation et évaluation des stratégies de maintenance complexes sur des systèmes multi-composants." Troyes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TROY0005.
Full textMaintenance strategies based on RCM method are difficult to assess, due to some methodological difficulties whose resolution is the scientific scope of this PhD Thesis: - the systems considered are composed of numerous dependent components with different degradation and failure phenomena, - maintenance strategies are complex, based on different tasks and without a simple structure. The objective of this PhD Thesis is to propose a method to quantify maintained systems performances. We propose a modelling framework which takes into account all the phenomena that describe multi-component system behaviour and complex maintenance strategy impact. A two-level structure allows a detailed description of components degradation/failure behaviour, all the possible maintenance tasks realisation and the consequences on the system. A global cost criteria based on system unavailability and maintenance costs renders possible to compare different strategies. The approach is implemented by using Petri nets and Monte Carlo simulation. The method is validated through its application on two systems from EDF nuclear power plants: - system AGR study presents the possible utilisations and the results obtained, - system TPA study illustrates the application on a real system and helps to define some further developments on data integration
Quittard, Olivier. "Contribution à l'étude des mécanismes de guérison intervenant dans la sélection des composants de type mos utilisés en environnements radiatifs." Montpellier 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON20185.
Full textFronsacq, Alexandre. "La sûreté des centrales nucléaires : approche juridique de la sûreté des centrales nucléaires de production d'électricité." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010269.
Full textNguyen, Hoang-Phuong. "Model-based and data-driven prediction methods for prognostics." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASC021.
Full textDegradation is an unavoidable phenomenon that affects engineering components and systems, and which may lead to their failures with potentially catastrophic consequences depending on the application. The motivation of this Thesis is trying to model, analyze and predict failures with prognostic methods that can enable a predictive management of asset maintenance. This would allow decision makers to improve maintenance planning, thus increasing system availability and safety by minimizing unexpected shutdowns. To this aim, research during the Thesis has been devoted to the tailoring and use of both model-based and data-driven approaches to treat the degradation processes that can lead to different failure modes in industrial components, making use of different information and data sources for performing predictions on the degradation evolution and estimating the Remaining Useful Life (RUL).The Ph.D. work has addressed two specific prognostic applications: model-based prognostics for fatigue crack growth prediction and data-driven prognostics for multi-step ahead predictions of time series data of Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) components.Model-based prognostics relies on the choice of the adopted Physics-of-Failure (PoF) models. However, each degradation model is appropriate only to certain degradation process under certain operating conditions, which are often not precisely known. To generalize this, ensembles of multiple degradation models have been embedded in the model-based prognostic method in order to take advantage of the different accuracies of the models specific to different degradations and conditions. The main contributions of the proposed ensemble of models-based prognostic approaches are the integration of filtering approaches, including recursive Bayesian filtering and Particle Filtering (PF), and novel weighted ensemble strategies considering the accuracies of the individual models in the ensemble at the previous time steps of prediction. The proposed methods have been validated by case studies of fatigue crack growth simulated with time-varying operating conditions.As for multi-step ahead prediction, it remains a difficult task of Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) because prediction uncertainty tends to increase with the time horizon of the prediction. Large prediction uncertainty has limited the development of multi-step ahead prognostics in applications. To address the problem, novel multi-step ahead prediction models based on Long Short- Term Memory (LSTM), a deep neural network developed for dealing with the long-term dependencies in the time series data have been developed in this Thesis. For realistic practical applications, the proposed methods also address the additional issues of anomaly detection, automatic hyperparameter optimization and prediction uncertainty quantification. Practical case studies have been considered, concerning time series data collected from Steam Generators (SGs) and Reactor Coolant Pumps (RCPs) of NPPs
Ankoud, Farah. "Modélisation d’un parc de machines pour la surveillance. : Application aux composants en centrale nucléaire." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPL102N/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the conception of diagnosis systems using the data collected on identical machines working under different conditions. We are interested in the fault diagnosis method without a priori model and in modelling a fleet of machines using the data collected on all the machines. Hence, the problem can be formulated as a multi-task learning problem where models of the different machines are constructed simultaneously. These models are supposed to share some common parts. In the second chapter, we first consider linear models of type multiple-input/single-output. A first approach consists in analyzing the linear regression models generated using the data of each machine independently from the others in order to identify their common parts. Using this knowledge, new models for the machines are generated. The second approach consists in identifying simultaneously the coefficients of the models and their common parts. Secondly, the redundancy models are searched for using PCA. This way, no hypothesis on the knowledge of the structures of models describing the normal behavior of each machine is needed. In addition, this method allows to take into consideration the errors existing on all the variables since it does not differentiate between input or output variables. In the third chapter, a study on the discernibility of the outputs of the models is realized. The problem consists in identifying the range of variation of the input variables leading to discernible outputs of the models. This problem is solved using either the confined pavements to the different domains or a pavement method. Finally, the multi-task modelling approaches are applied on simulators of heat exchangers
Dupuy, Benoit. "Refroidissement des centrales nucléaires cotières françaises : impact sur le milieu marin." Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05P283.
Full textIsselin, Jérôme. "Étude des propriétés mécaniques des composants de centrales thermiques : l'essai punch test." Lille 1, 2003. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2003/50376-2003-1.pdf.
Full textCussac, Paul. "Influence d’imperfections surfaciques sur la tenue en fatigue de composants nucléaires." Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ESMA0001.
Full textGiven the stringent requirements of high levels of safety in nuclear components, stakeholders of the French nuclear industry must anticipate the presence of residual surface imperfections in these components. Such imperfections could be introduced during manufacturing or maintenance operations. The incidence of surface irregularities on the fatigue strength of metallic components has tobe considered. Meanwhile, nuclear components can be loaded under low-cycle fatigue and large-scale plasticity conditions. The first objective of this work isthento assess to what extent the fatigue life of typical nuclear materials may be affected by the presence of such surface irregularities. In parallel, thisstudy aims at describing, qualitativelyand quantitatively, the crack initiation and propagation from these imperfections. In order to meet these objectives, a uni-axial fatigue test campaign, conducted under fully-reversed total axial strain control, in the air at room temperature, has been carried out on the cylindrical specimens (Φ 9 mm). Surface imperfections were artificially introduced onto the specimens. The electric potential trackingmethod has been mainly usedto monitor the crack initiation, micro and macro propagation phases from surface imperfections. Additional experimental and numerical actions have been carried out to calibrate the potential monitoring. The results of thetest campaigndemonstrate a significant influence of the presence of imperfections on the9 mm specimensfatigue strength. The useof electrical methodhas allowedto determine crackinitiation and growth ratesfrom surface imperfections. The identification of a representative parameter of the propagation driving force,in the context of generalized plasticity associated with the tests carried out,has also allowed to analysedata relating to propagation kinetics in a predictive perspective
Huy, Virginie. "Contribution to nuclear data improvement by assimilation of integral experiments for the ASTRID core neutronic characterization." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0333/document.
Full textThe design of an advanced SFR demonstrator, the ASTRID reactor (Advanced Sodium Technological Reactor for Industrial Demonstration) at CEA implies the development and validation of scientific calculation tools, in order to create a safety dossier. Notably, the use of neutronic codes aims at defining the characteristics of reactor cores with well-mastered accuracies. Nuclear data, the input parameters of these codes, constitute the main source of uncertainty in neutronic calculations. The purpose of this PhD is to reduce uncertainties associated to nuclear data, and hence better predict the characteristics of the ASTRID core, using Integral Data Assimilation. This method, based on Bayesian-Laplace Inference, consists in using integral data C/E (calculation-to-experiment ratio) to perform adjustments on the central value and uncertainties of nuclear data. The modifications on nuclear data suggested by assimilation results have been used to quantify the bias and the reduced uncertainties associated to the ASTRID core main characteristics
Granger, Laurent. "Comportement différé du béton dans les enceintes de centrales nucléaires : analyse et modélisation." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00520675.
Full textRichez, Patricia. "Étude d'un nouveau procédé de nettoyage des générateurs de vapeur des centrales nucléaires." Compiègne, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996COMP959S.
Full textBentolila, Claire. "Contribution à l’étude des lignes de contournement-turbine des centrales thermiques ou nucléaires." Lyon, INSA, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ISAL0040.
Full textTisseur, David. "Contrôle par imagerie X de combustible nucléaire pour les centrales à haute température." Villeurbanne, INSA, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ISAL0015.
Full textThis PhD the. Sis is the result ot a collaboration between AR EVA NP and laboratory CNDRI of the INSA of Lyon in the context of the development of a 4\textsuperscript{th} generation nuclear power plant, named as High Temperature Reactor (HTR). In these future nuclear power plants, the fuel consists of small multi-layer spheres of 1 mm diameter called TRISO particle (TRistructural ISOtropie). For safety reasons various controls of these particles must be developed. The first objective of this study is to develop a measurement method of the density of the layers surrounding HTR particles by x-rays and to install an industrial demonstrator. The measurement technique is founded on an inverse method based on X-ray phase contrast imaging. The second objective is to quantify the space distribution of the particles in a fuel assembly named "compact". After a state of the art to the measure of the homogeneity, we demonstrate that a high energy tomography associated with a suitable image processing enables to obtain the position in the space of each particle constituting the compact. The suggested approach consists in comparing an experimental multiscale histogram of particle distribution with an ideal model using a chi2 test. This allows to suggest a criterion to quantify the homogeneity of the compact
Magerand, Elisabeth. "Contribution à une méthodologie de conception des interventions de maintenance dans les centrales nucléaires." Besançon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BESA2088.
Full textPresent research on assembly planning is generally applied to manufactured goods production. The object of a maintenance activity, is to repair a broken down mechanical system, or to prevent some failures by the application of preventive measures. Ln this maintenance context, disassembly takes a great importance ; indeed, maintenance activities on a system, imply often to disassemble it totally or partially, in order to operate on some of its components. Assembly is also highly considered, since the mechanical system must be reassembled to be put in working order, when the maintenance ask is achieved. So, this work is part of a study of maintenance procedure design. The approach is threefold : build a model of maintenance tasks based on EDF, maintenance documents, propose methods for disassembly sequences generation, propose methods for maintenance procedures evaluation. We are especially interested in the mechanical systems of nuclear plants. In a first part, the model principles based on an analysis of current maintenance procedure writing guide are defined, in order to formalize a maintenance task sequence. We focus on disassembly and assembly phases decomposed into actions. Then algoritms for disassembly sequences design, are proposed (a method of mechanical system partial disassembly is built). Disassembly sequences evaluation consists here in ordering a feasible disassembly sequertces set, in order to find one or several solutions which respect at best a specific maintenance objective. Finally, this model and these methods are applied on an example : the exchange of a pump seal
Blanc, Hervé-Valéry. "Détection des collisions dans le cadre de la planification 3D du remplacement d'un générateur de vapeur." Aix-Marseille 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX30086.
Full textTrudel, Francis. "Méthodologie de contrôle du vieillissement des équipements et des composants pour les centrales nucléaires /." Trois-Rivières : Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2004. http://www.uqtr.ca/biblio/notice/resume/24021622R.pdf.
Full textSchmitzberger, Erwin. "Planification globale de trajectoires en milieux industriels : application à la maintenance et au démantèlement de centrales nucléaires." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2003. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_2003_SCHMITZBERGER_E.pdf.
Full textThe problem of motion planning has been addressed for several decades in robotics. Pre-computed probabilistic roadmaps have been recognized as an efficient method to generate rapid collision free motions between any pair of initial and final configurations of the robot. Inside EDF R&D and the European MoLog project, we contribute to adapt and integrate these methods in the context of the maintenance and the dismantling of nuclear power plants. Such applications require the motion of objects, deviees or even robots within cluttered environments. Furthermore, we propose a way to enrich the pre-computed roadmaps so that they can generate ali the non homotopie paths for any pair of configurations. Hence any further geometrical, kinematical or dynamical constraints specified after the Roadmap pre-computation, can be applied on a single homotopy class which is selected by the user. This leads to a gain of time and interactivity between engineers and motion planning tools
Nguyen, Thi Phuong Kieu. "Analyse mathématique et simulation numérique des modèles d'écoulements bouillants pour la thermohydraulique des centrales nucléaires." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV007/document.
Full textWe investigated some finite volume methods for the numerical simulation of a flow involving two incompressible phases or general two compressible phases in mechanical disequilibrium. The main difficulties of the regime where there is either a phase appearance or a phase disappearance is the singularity of the velocity. We show that using the entropy fix will much improve these problems. Finally, we perfom some important numerical tests to verify the numerical methods, such as a phase separation by gravity or a boiling channel
Khemmoudj, Mohand Ou Idir. "Modélisation et résolution de systèmes de contraintes : application au problème de placement des arrêts et de la production des réacteurs nucléaires d'EDF." Paris 13, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA132010.
Full textJakubek, Delphine. "Ecologie des légionelles dans l'eau des circuits de refroidissement des centrales nucléaires en bord de Loire." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00922431.
Full textDepigny-Huet, Christine. "La communication dans le travail : Une activité continue (analyse ergonomique de la conduite des centrales nucléaires)." Paris 13, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA132018.
Full textJakubek, Delphine. "Ecologie des légionelles dans l’eau des circuits de refroidissement des centrales nucléaires en bord de Loire." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112414.
Full textThe cooling circuits of nuclear power plants, by their mode of operating, can select thermophilic microorganisms including the pathogenic organism Legionella pneumophila. To control the development of this species, a disinfection treatment of water cooling systems with monochloramine can be used. To participate in the management of health and environmental risks associated with the physico-chemical and microbiological modification of water collected from the river, EDF is committed to a process of increasing knowledge about the ecology of Legionella pneumophila in cooling circuits and its links with its environment (physical, chemical and microbiological) supporting or not their proliferation. Thus, diversity and dynamics of culturable Legionella pneumophila were determined in the four nuclear power plants along the Loire for a year and their links with physico-chemical and microbiological parameters were studied. This study revealed a high diversity of Legionella pneumophila subpopulations and their dynamic seems to be related to the evolution of a small number of subpopulations. Legionella subpopulations seem to maintain strain-specific relationships with biotic parameters and present different sensitivities to physico-chemical variations. The design of cooling circuits could impact the Legionella pneumophila community. The use of monochloramine severely disrupts the ecosystem but does not select biocide tolerant subpopulations
Lalaimode, Stéphane. "Réalisation d'un ensemble de logiciels de simulation du comportement d'une centrale nucléaire à eau pressurisée en situation accidentelle très dégradée (Crisalide)." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO10095.
Full textMansour, Carine. "Spéciation des espèces soufrées dans les générateurs de vapeur des centrales nucléaires à réacteur à eau sous pression." Phd thesis, Paris 6, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005107.
Full textMillion-Picallion, Lisa. "Interactions magnétite-Al(III)-silice dans les conditions physico-chimiques des générateurs de vapeur des centrales nucléaires « REP »." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOU30246.
Full textIn the secondary circuit of Pressurized Water Reactors (PWR), interactions between magnetite and impurities lead to formation of hard deposits at the bottom of steam generator (SG). These deposits, called hard sludge, are able to deform SG tubes, causing enhanced Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC). Analysis of sludge pile deposits from plants has shown that the main constituents are magnetite, aluminum and silicon. The aim of this study is to determine what kinds of interactions between these species are able to form hard sludge in physicochemical SG conditions. In order to reproduce SG conditions (i. E. , aqueous medium at 275°C, basic pH and reductive potential), a dedicated experimental system based on hydrothermal reactor has been set up. The kinetics of thermal decomposition of hydrazine, injected in the secondary circuit to eliminate oxygen, was estimated in order to work in chemically steady-state medium. The continuous in situ pH and Eh monitoring was performed with high temperature probes. In this way, pH and Eh of two chemical conditionings (ethanolamine high pH and morpholine low pH) were established at 275°C. In order to investigate the process of hard sludge formation, the interaction between magnetite and aqueous impurities (aluminum and/or silica) were simulated in dedicated experiments. Aluminum is the most reactive element, both its solubility and the pH value of the medium control its behavior. Conversely, in flow-restricted areas, physicochemical conditions (temperature, pH, Eh) are impacted by oxides and high concentrations of impurities and differ from those present in SG bulk. On the basis of the hard sludge compositions found in plants, a second type of experiment has been implemented which considers the interaction between the main species in terms of oxides (magnetite, aluminum and silicon) in an uncontrolled medium. These tests have led to the generation of hardened aggregates resulting from the production of kaolinite and boehmite. Formation of secondary phases acts upon the pH medium and modifies the chemical activity of the interacting species
David, Martin. "Approche multi-échelle du comportement mécanique des structures en béton arméApplication aux enceintes de confinement des centrales nucléaires." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2012. https://pastel.hal.science/docs/00/76/57/05/PDF/these_pdf.pdf.
Full textThis thesis develops a multi-scale strategy to describe the mechanical behaviour of steel reinforcements and prestressing tendons in a reinforced concrete structure. This strategy is declined in several steps, which allow gradual integration of new physical phenomena. The first asymptotic model represents the effective elastic behaviour of heterogeneities periodically distributed on a surface. It combines an elastic interface behaviour and a membrane behaviour. A second asymptotic model then focuses on the behaviour of rigid fibers distributed on a surface, which may slide with respect to the surrounding volume. These models induce less stress concentrations than the usual truss models. They are implemented in the finite element code Code_Aster, and validated with respect to reference three-dimensional simulations. Their interaction with a macroscopic crack is studied. Finally, this strategy allows the modeling of experimental tests carried out on a portion of a containment building in real scale
Merignac, Christophe. "Spéciation du tritium et du carbone 14 liés aux molécules organiques dans les effluents radioactifs liquides des Centres Nucléaires de Production d'Électricité." Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT4031/document.
Full textTritium and carbon 14, produced in the primary coolant by neutron activation, are the main contributors to the radioactivity released in the discharges of nuclear power plants. The dosimetric impact depends on the form in which tritium and carbon 14 are found. The bibliographic study identified the organic molecules likely to be present in liquid effluents. They come from the conditioning of the various circuits and their degradation products. These molecules are transiting through liquid effluents and are therefore likely to be radiolabelled due to the proven presence of tritium and carbon-14. The objective of the thesis is to identify the different organic forms present and their potential radiolabelling with tritium and carbon 14. The approach used to address this issue is divided into two key stages. The first concerns the identification and quantification of organic molecules (by chromatographic techniques). The second is related to the quantification of the different forms (organic and inorganic) of tritium and carbon 14. The latter is a real challenge given the radiological composition of the effluents. Indeed, the potentially expected labelled organic fraction is very small (1-3%) and the separation of organic forms and the soluble organic matter is delicate. A separation step is therefore necessary before quantification of the fractions (organic and inorganic) by liquid scintillation
Ville, Patrice. "Une socianalyse institutionnelle : gens d'école et gens du tas." Paris 8, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA081991.
Full textDavid, Martin. "Approche multi-échelle du comportement mécanique des structures en béton armé - Application aux enceintes de confinement des centrales nucléaires." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00765705.
Full textReviron, Nanthilde. "Etude du fluage des bétons en traction. Application aux enceintes de confinement des centrales nucléaires à eau sous pression." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00457486.
Full textBichet, Lionel. "Mécanismes de transports dans la fissuration des matériaux hétérogènes : application à la durée de vie d’exploitation des centrales nucléaires." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTS001/document.
Full textDuring their confinement in a nuclear power plant, the mechanical properties of the constitutive materials of concrete change as a result of ageing. This is due to the transportation of chemical species at the microscopic level of the media. Firstly, this can be modelled with average equations. The Fick laws represent the evolution of chemical diffusion and the Fourier laws, the transportation of heat at a mesoscopic level. In this research, we will consider thermal evolution on a fractured media.This thermomechanical problem is solved with a staggered method. The mechanical contribution used an approach based on multi-bodies system linked with cohesive zone models. The thermal problem is based on the approximation of the heat transfer equation at the cohesive interface. This approach has been implemented and validated. The description of the heat trough the interface is composed with the definition of an homogenised conductivity and the local damage parameter. In order to optimize the computational cost with a good agreement of the crack propagation, a criterion is proposed for sizing a representative elementary volume (REV). The eigenerosion method is used, validated and extended to heterogeneous media. Two studies are carried out on the morphological properties on a cementious media. As a result of those studies, a minimal size for a REV is defined.Crack spread under thermal loads are investigated on a media representing the concrete of the containment of a nuclear power station. The ageing effect are taken into account as an initial damage between the mortar and the aggregates. These parameters are expressed in terms of rate of initial damage. A study is proposed for different values of this rate. As assumed, the development of multi-cracks is linked with the rate of initial damage and the creation of thermal border is proposed
Kratz, Frédéric. "Utilisation des techniques de redondances matérielles et analytiques à la détection de pannes de capteurs : application aux centrales nucléaires." Nancy 1, 1991. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1991_0072_KRATZ.pdf.
Full textJourné, Benoit. "Les organisations complexes à risques : gérer la sûreté par les ressources, étude de situations de conduite de centrales nucléaires." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999EPXX0003.
Full textNuclear power plants are part of + high reliability organizations ;. Nonetheless, once a certain stage has been reached, how can higher level of safety be enhanced ? the thesis attempts to anwer this question by means of case study based on observations of normal operations in control rooms. The concepts of sensemakmg (k. Weick, 1995) and agencement organisationnel (j. Girin, 1995) have been used and mixed to analyze our field work. Safety depends on the capacity to anticipate any incident or accident that might arise. But safety also means being able to deal with unexpected situations potentially dangerous. The strategy developped up to now relies on the first approach. It replaces human initiative by instructions and technical devices. The thesis suggests completing the present strategy by an other, based on the second approach. Safety must be ensured by the way human factors and other resources in the control room make sense of unexpected situations. Such a strategy supposes to modify the traditional representation of human beings in complex and risky organizations
Elain, Lannick. "Contribution à l'optimisation de la purification chimique et radiochimique du fluide primaire des centrales nucléaires à eau sous pression." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ECAP0961.
Full textThe primary coolant of pressurised water reactors is permanently purified thanks to a device, composed of filters and the demineralizers furnished with ion exchange resins (IER), located in the chemical and volume control system (CVCS). The study of the retention mechanisms of the radiocontaminants by the IER implies, initially, to know the speciation of the primary coolant percolant through the demineralizers. Calculations of theoretical speciation of the primary coolant were carried out on the basis of known composition of the primary coolant and thanks to the use of an adapted chemical speciation code. A complementary study, dedicated to silver behaviour, considered badly extracted, suggests metallic aggregates existence generated by the radiolytic reduction of the Ag+ ions. An analysis of the purification curves of the elements Ni, Fe, Co, Cr, Mn, Sb and their principal radionuclides, relating to the cold shutdown of Fessenheim 1-cycle 20 and Tricastin 2-cycle 21, was carried out, in the light of a model based on the concept of a coupling well term–source term. Then, a thermodynamic modelling of ion exchange phenomena in column was established. The formation of the permutation front and the enrichment zones planned was validated by frontal analysis experiments of synthetic fluids (mixtures of Ni(B(OH)4)2, LiB(OH)4 and AgB(OH)4 in medium B(OH)3)), and of real fluid during the putting into service of the device mini-CVCS at the time of Tricastin 2 cold shutdown. New tools are thus proposed, opening the way with an optimised management of demineralizers and a more complete interpretation of the available experience feedback
Socié, Adrien. "Modélisation chimio-mécanique de la fissuration de matériaux cimentaires : vieillissement et tenue des enceintes de confinement des centrales nucléaires." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTS102.
Full textThe French "Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire" (IRSN) conducts researches on the impact of internal swellings reactions on concrete, such as Sulfate Reactions. Such reactions are characterized by the precipitation of ettringite which induces swellings and cracks by differential strain. These cracks are preferential location for ions diffusion and further ettringite precipitations.The aim of the study is to model the degradation of a mature material by ettringite pressure at the aggregate scale.A chemo-mechanical model based on a coupling between reactive transport (species diffusion and chemical reactions) and mechanics in cracked porous medium is developed and is solved with a generic staggered approach.The initial microstructure and poro-mechanical and diffusion parameters are estimated by hydration computing and analytical homogenization.The coupled chemo-mechanical model is validated and then applied to Sulfate External and Internal Attack.The impact of the concrete composition and the chemical environments on the swelling kinetics and crack path is taken into account. Furthermore, our simulations highlight the influences of inclusions and cracks on the inhomogeneous spatial distribution of precipitation areas of ettringite and associated swelling stress
Reviron, Nanthilde. "Étude du fluage des bétons en traction : application aux enceintes de confinement des centrales nucléaires à eau sous pression." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00457486/fr/.
Full textThe aim of this work is to study experimentally and to conduct numerical simulations on the creep of concrete subjected to tensile stresses. The main purpose is to predict the behaviour of containment vessels of nuclear power plants (PWR) in the case of decennial test or accident. In order to satisfy to these industrial needs, it is necessary to characterize the behaviour of concrete under uniaxial tension. Thus, an important experimental study of tensile creep in concrete has been performed for different loading levels (50%, 70% and 90% of the tensile strength). In these tests, load was kept constant during 3 days. Several tests were performed: measurements of elastic properties and strength (in tension and in compression), monitoring of drying, shrinkage, basic creep and drying creep strains. Moreover, compressive creep tests were also performed and showed a difference with tensile creep. Furthermore, decrease of tensile strength and failure under tensile creep for large loading levels were observed. A numerical model has been proposed and developed in Cast3m finite element code
Becquet, Erwan. "Spécification et prototypage d'une messagerie industrielle à contraintes temporelles orientée objets et composants." Paris, CNAM, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CNAM0514.
Full textThis work is based on a fact and the discovering of a real need in the domain of the control-command applications for energy production. A state of the art has been made and knowledge has been taken, when doing a study in the EDF Research & Development center of Chatou, about the possible replacement of actual control commands proprietary solutions in electric production centers. This study shows the need for a solution based on COTS (component off the shelf) and which could be installed at every architecture level (in the production centers and between them). Thus, we could improve interoperability, evolutivity, openness and perennity
Bion, Thierry. "Modélisation des effets singuliers induits dans les composants électroniques par les protons rapides de l'environnement spatial." Toulouse, ENSAE, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ESAE0006.
Full textTantolin, Christian. "Refroidissement de composants électroniques de puissance par immersion dans un fluide diélectrique : étude des échanges par ébullition-condensation-convection." Lyon, INSA, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ISAL0053.
Full textIn railways traction, power electronic components are cooled with boiling of a dielectric fluid (Rl 13 or FC72) inside a finned sealed tank. Vapour is condensed on the tank wall which is cooled by an external air-flow. In such a system, many heat transfer mechanisms occur : confined boiling for the components, condensation on the internal finned wall, convective heat transfer between the wall and the external air flow and between the wall and the enclosed liquid. Furthermore, the interaction between the two-phase jet issuing from the heat sources and the enclosed liquid influences the convective flows in the tank, and then influences the convective heat transfer. As each mechanism depends on the other, the heat transfer study in the tank is complex. A experimental study allows the identification of the main parameters influencing the thermal performance of the system. Moreover, several models were developed (one for each heat transfer mechanism) in order to establish a global model of the tank. The agreement between theoretical and experimental results is good. Furthermore, the thermal effects due to the modification of a parameter are the same for the model and the experiment, thus this model can be used for the design of the tank
Doan, Dinh-Trung. "Comportement et rupture d'alliages de zirconium des crayons de combustible dans les centrales nucléaires en situation accidentelle de type RIA." Paris, ENMP, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ENMP0022.
Full textBenboudjema, Farid. "Modélisation des déformations différées du béton sous sollicitations biaxiales : application aux enceintes de confinement de bâtiments réacteurs des centrales nucléaires." Marne-la-Vallée, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MARN0152.
Full textThe prediction of delayed strains is of crucial importance for durability and long-term serviceability of concrete structures (bridges, containment vessels of nuclear power plants, etc. ). Indeed, creep and shrinkage cause cracking, losses of pre-stress and redistribution of stresses, and also, rarely, the ruin of the structure. The objective of this work is to develop numerical tools, able to predict the long-term behavior of concrete structures. Thus, a new hydro mechanical model is developed, including the description of drying, shrinkage, creep and cracking phenomena for concrete as a nonsaturated porous medium. The modeling of drying shrinkage is based on an unified approach of creep and shrinkage. Basic and drying creep models are based on relevant chemo-physical mechanisms, which occur at different scales of the cement paste. The basic creep is explicitly related to the micro-diffusion of the adsorbed water between interhydrates and intrahydrates and the capillary pores, and the sliding of the C-S-H gel at the nano-porosity level. The drying creep is induced by the micro-diffusion of the adsorbed water at different scales of the porosity, under the simultaneous effects of drying and mechanical loadings. Drying shrinkage is, therefore, assumed to result from the elastic and delayed response of the solid skeleton, submitted to both capillary and disjoining pressures. Furthermore, the cracking behavior of concrete is described by an orthotropic elastoplastic damage model. The coupling between all these phenomena is performed by using effective stresses which account for both external applied stresses and pore pressures
Benoist, Bruno. "Système expert d'analyse automatique des signaux de défauts lors du contrôle non destructif des générateurs de vapeur des centrales nucléaires." Compiègne, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990COMPD304.
Full textAutomatic analysis, by computer, of defect signals in steam generator tubes, based on Eddy current multifrequency technique, is must often inefficient due to "pilgrim noise". The first step is to use a method that allows us to eliminate the noise : the adaptative interpolation. Thanks to this method, which ensures reliable data on each channel, the analysis can be realised by taking into account the data corresponding to each basic or mixed channel. By correlating these diverse data, we can class the signals according to three types of defects : single defects (symmetrical), multiple defects (several in the same place). The second step is to use an expert system which allows a reliable diagnosis for whatever family the defect belongs to. According to this classification, analysis is continued and results in the characterisation of the defect. The expert system has already been developed with the general purpose application expert system shell SUPER, which is briefly described. The knowledge base (SOCRATE) and the specific tools developed for this application are thoroughly described. The first results obtained with signals corresponding to real defects, that have been recorded in different places, are presented and discussed. The expert system is revealed efficient in aIl the studied cases, even with signals obtained in very noisy environments
Bourrier, Mathilde. "Une analyse stratégique de la fiabilité organisationnelle : organisation des activités de maintenance dans quatre centrales nucléaires en France et aux Etats-unis." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996IEPP0039.
Full textThe purpose of this dissertation is to study how plant personnels from four different nuclear power plants, in France and in the U. S manage to perform a huge and complex maintenance revision, called a scheduled outage. The theoretical perspective aims at understanding how and why, in a highly prescriptive and regulated industry, motivated by the intrinsic risks of the technology (nuclear), which tend to be in conflict with the economic and performance requirements, one can observe a diverse range of behaviors : from compliance to deviation. Confronted with this puzzle, the dissertation wants to offer a unique explanation, which allows to knit together actors strategies and "social inventions" (Whyte, 1984), with organizational contexts, which to our opinion determine the circumstances under which the various organizational solutions and options emerge
Cossic, Antoine. "Les aspects neutroniques du pilotage des réacteurs à eau légère sous pression en régime de transitoire de puissance." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112008.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to qualify the CRONOS diffusion code on a load transient in grey mode control. First of all, we have established a general axial calculational model and studied the important physical phenomena: xenon oscillation, grey rods absorption, radial leaks modelling, effect of the initial conditions in Iodine and Xenon. In a second stage, a three-dimensional calculation has been performed, the results of which have been compared to a PWR 900 TRICASTIN 3 experiment and have been in good agreement. In the last part, we show that the results of the axial model using one-dimensional CRONOS calculations are quite consistent with the three-dimensional calculation
Grassaud, Alain. "La formation des personnels dans un milieu industriel à "haut risque technologique" : enquête socianalytique sur les pratiques de tutorat et de compagnonnage dans la formation des rondiers des centrales nucléaires." Paris 8, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA081820.
Full textNarbey, Marie-France. "Mesure de pression et de composition des gaz de fission dans les crayons combustibles des centrales à réacteurs à eau pressurisée par méthode acoustique." Montpellier 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON20011.
Full textLe, Quoc Viet. "Modélisation multi-échelle des matériaux viscoélastiques hétérogènes : application à l'identification et à l'estimation du fluage propre de bétons d'enceintes de centrales nucléaires." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00468616.
Full textVolat, Ludovic. "Développement d’une méthode stochastique de propagation des incertitudes neutroniques associées aux grands coeurs de centrales nucléaires : application aux réacteurs de génération III." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0330/document.
Full textGeneration III Light Water Reactors undoubtedly follow design guidelines comparable to those of current PWRs. Furthermore, they take advantage of enhanced features in terms of safety, energy efficiency, radiation protection and environment. Then, we talk about an evolutionary approach. Amongst those improvements, the significant size and the use of a heavy reflector translate into a better neutronics efficacy, leading to intrinsic enrichment benefits then to natural uranium profits. They contribute to the core vessel preservation as well.Because of their large dimensions, the neutronic bulge of this kind of reactors is emphasized. Therefore, it is a parameter of interest in the reactor safety studies. Nevertheless, the uncertainty related to the radial power map is hardly reachable by using the numerical methods implemented in the neutronics codes.Given the above, this PhD work aims to develop an innovative stochastic neutronics uncertainties propagation method. By using recent probabilistic results, it makes good use of the growing calculation means in order to explore all the physical states of the reactor statiscally foreseen.After being validated , our method has been applied to a reactor proposed in the framework of a large core OECD/NEA international benchmark with carefully chosen covariances values. Thus, for this system, the uncertainties related to the keff reaches 638~pcm $(1\sigma)$. What is more, the total bulge equals 8.8~\% $(1\sigma)$ and the maximal uncertainty related to the insertion of a group of control rods reaches 11~\% $(1\sigma)$
Ho, Anh Dung. "Contribution a l'étude de supports logiciels de base de données pour un système de diagnostic applique aux centrales électronucléaires." Paris 7, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA07F064.
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