Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Compose biochimique'
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Carletti, Eugénie. "Études biochimiques et structurales d'enzymes interagissant avec les toxiques organophosphorés." Grenoble 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE10035.
Full textFouret, Yolande. "Etude in vitro du rajeunissement prealable a la micropropagation chez le sequoia sempervirens (endl. ) : recherche de marqueurs morphologiques, physiologiques et biochimiques." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066379.
Full textJeannin, Pascale. "Dégradation du phénol en conditions méthanogènes : aspects microbiologiques et biochimiques." Lyon 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO11727.
Full textMathieu, Sandrine. "Étude d'une carotène-dioxygenase de raisin (VvCCD1) : aspects biochimiques et moléculaires." Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20112.
Full textParnaudeau, Virginie. "Caractéristiques biochimiques de produits organiques résiduaires prédiction et modélisation de leur minéralisation dans les sols." Rennes, Agrocampus, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NSARD045.
Full textTERTULIANO, MOUKARAM. "Resistance du manioc a la cochenille farineuses, phenacoccus manihoti (homoptera : pseudococcidae) : role de quelques composes biochimiques foliaires." Rennes 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993REN10074.
Full textCamus, Anne-Marie. "Paramètres biochimiques et métaboliques comme indicateurs de la sensibilité au cancer chimio-induit." Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO10212.
Full textNesci, Salvatore <1982>. "Composti organostannici nell'ambiente marino e membrane biologiche: risposte molecolari e biochimiche nei molluschi bivalvi." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2010. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2786/.
Full textDevier, Marie-Hélène. "Étude intégrée sur l'impact des différentes classes de contaminants (composés organostanniques, métaux, HAP, PCB) sur les moules : bioaccumulation et réponses biochimiques." Bordeaux 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR12262.
Full textBouet, Alexis. "Développement de la lactamisation stéréosélective de A. I. Meyers : nouvelles méthodes d'activation et valorisation en synthèse de nouveaux ligands potentiels des récepteurs NK1. Application à la synthèse de ligands chiraux pymox et 2,2'-bipyridines." INSA de Rouen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ISAM0008.
Full textBotondi, Rinaldo. "Caractérisation de melons transgéniques exprimant un gène antisens de l'Acc oxydase : étude de la composition biochimique et de l'activité d'enzymes de dégradation de la paroi." Toulouse, INPT, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPT009A.
Full textTibaut, Rémi. "Etude chez le poisson et les organismes aquatiques du devenir métabolique d'un composé œstrogénique : le nonylphénol : conséquences écotoxicologiques et aspects biochimiques." Bordeaux 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR12358.
Full textCaron, Coralie. "Ligands macrocycliques de sites abasiques en tant qu'inhibiteurs de la réparation de l'ADN : Synthèse, études biochimiques et biologiques." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS237.
Full textIn the context of chemotherapy, DNA repair reduces the DNA damage induced by DNA-alkylating drugs such as temozolomide, leading to chemoresistance. One of the most important pathways of DNA repair is Base Excision Repair (BER), where a key enzyme, APE1 (AP endonuclease 1), cleaves abasic sites generated following treatment with DNA-alkylating drugs and initiates the repair of the single-strand break. The DNA repair activity of APE1 was identified as the major source of chemoresistance in certain cancers. Several studies validated the BER pathway and, particularly, the APE1 enzyme as important drug targets for improvement the efficacy of anti-cancer drugs; for this reason, several APE1 inhibitors have been developed. However, instead of direct inhibition of the enzyme, an alternative strategy can rely on targeting its substrate: the AP sites in DNA. Macrocyclic compounds, namely naphthalenophanes, show a strong and selective binding to abasic sites in the DNA. This process interferes with the recognition of the latter by APE1 and leads in vitro to two effects: inhibition of the APE1-induced DNA cleavage and macrocycle-induced DNA cleavage by a mechanism different from that of APE1, namely β-elimination. Herein, a novel serie of functionalized naphthalenophanes, composed of nine novel derivatives, has been synthesized and studied. Most ligands demonstrate a strong and selective binding to AP-sites in DNA and an inhibition of APE1 activity in vitro, with inhibitory constants from 39 nM to 25 µM. Moreover, the inhibitory activity of ligands, as characterized by Kı values, could be directly related to their affinity and selectivity to AP-sites. The molecular design of macrocycles has a crucial influence on their intrinsic AP-site cleavage activity leading either to total abolition, or to an exceptionally high AP-site cleavage activity. Interestingly, an unprecedented formation of a covalent DNA-ligand adduct with one of the ligands have been characterized. Finally, the biological activity of naphthalenophanes was assessed in the TMZ-resistant glioblastoma cell line T98G. Most compounds are highly active, with GI₅₀ values in sub-micromolar or low-micromolar range. In addition, a remarkable synergic effect upon co-treatment of TMZ or MMS with one ligand (2,7-BisNP-O4Me) was demonstrated. This ligand was found to increase the number of AP-sites and the number of double-strands break in DNA upon co-treatment with TMZ and MMS suggesting APE1 inhibition as excepted. These observations highlight the hight therapeutic interest of this compound
Anak, Ngadin Andrew. "Caractérisation biochimique et fonctionnelle de glutathion-S-transferases (GSTs) chez Phanerochaete chrysosporium." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10020/document.
Full textPhanerochaete chrysosporium is a ligninolytic fungus widely studied because of its capacities to degrade wood and xenobiotics through an extracellular enzymatic system. Its genome has been sequenced and has provided researchers with a complete inventory of the predicted proteins produced by this organism. This has allowed the description of many protein superfamilies. Among them, Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) constitute a complex and widespread superfamily classified as enzymes of secondary metabolism. However, despite the numerous associations of GSTs with stress responses, cell development and metabolism in various organisms, the functions of these enzymes remain usually evasive mainly due to their high diversity and also to the lack of knowledge about their catalytic specificities. In P. chrysosporium 27 GST isoforms have been highlighted and clustered into seven classes. Among them three are extended in saprophytic fungi: the Omega, the Ure2p and the etherase classes. Two members of the Omega class have been characterized at the biochemical level showing difference in substrate specificities. Indeed, PcGTO1 is member of a new class of Sglutathionyl- p-hydroquinone reductase, while PcGTO3 is rather active with phenylacetophenone. The three-dimensional structure of PcGTO1 confirms the hypothesis not only of a new biological class, but also of a new structural class that we propose to name GST xi. The second extended class we have studied is the Ure2p one. It is composed of nine isoforms in P. chrysosporium and clusters into two subclasses. Three Ure2p class members have been studied in more details at transcriptional, biochemical and physiological levels. PcUre2p4 and PcUre2p6 of the first subclass are specifically expressed in cultures treated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and the recombinant proteins are active as typical glutathione transferases. By contrast, PcUre2p1, which belongs to the second subclass is constitutively expressed whatever the condition tested and is active with small molecules as substrate, such as proteins from the Omega class. Physiological studies have revealed that these proteins do not have the same function than the Saccharomyce cerevisiae isoform, concerning both the response to oxidative stress and its involvement in the nitrogen catabolite repression. These results suggest that fungi, especially those with saprophytic capabilities, have developed specificities of GST function as an adaptation to environmental constraints
Niamké, Florence Bobolé. "Recherche des déterminants biochimiques de la durabilité naturelle du bois de teck (Tectona grandis)." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20046.
Full textTeak (Tectona grandis) wood natural durability is a property which can vary with genotype and environmental factors. The implication of quinonic extractives in the property of natural durability is controversial. Using a quantitative approach including biological and technological conducted on air-dried wood samples, this thesis aimed to search chemical attributes of natural durability. We first demonstrated that osidic forms stored in the sapwood were transformed into quinone derivative. We have characterized two compounds the forsythoside B, a trisaccharide of cafeic acid in the sapwood and in the heartwood, the 4',5'-dihydroxy(epi)isocatalponol that were identified for the first time in teakwood. The latter compound exhibited strong fungicidal activity against Trametes versicolor indicating that its direct implication in decay resistance of teak wood. We have shown that compounds from naphthoquinones metabolism were involved in decay resistance of teak wood against Trametes versicolor and Poria placenta. The mechanisms of sugars transformation may indicate the natural durability level of sustainable species. There these new data will contribute to improve the wood quality that ensures the perennity of trees
Henrot, Serge. "Synthese stereo et enantioselective de beta-hydroxy esters fonctionnalises par voie chimique et par voie microbiologique : application a la preparation de la (-) alpha multistriatine et du r (-) gabob." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066428.
Full textLiebgott, Pierre-Pol. "Etude de la biodiversité bactérienne d'un biotope oléicole hypersalé et des voies biochimiques impliquées dans la transformation du tyrosol." Aix-Marseille 1, 2007. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2007AIX11031.pdf.
Full textThe liquid effluents which are composed of a mixture of olive mill wastewater and brine waters, are rejected by olive industries, and contribute considerably to the environmental pollution of the Mediterranean area. They are characterized by a high DCO and significant quantities of recalcitrant phenolic compounds, of which the most representative is the tyrosol. The objective of this work was thus to understand the degradation pathways of the tyrosol, via the use of endogenous microorganisms isolated from these effluents. By using the technique ' Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism' (SSCP), the study of the biodiversity showed a profile of salted biotope. Various halophilous, aerobic and anaerobic bacterial isolates were then obtained through a targeted traditional insolation. Two of them, TYRC17 an HTB24, belonging to the Halomonas genus, were studied for their capacity to transform the tyrosol and p - hydroxyphenylacetate d (HPA), into orthodiphenolic molecules (3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate or DHPA and homogentisate HGA), known as potential antioxydants. This study enabled us to highlight two degradation pathways of the tyrosol, never yet described to date. Thus, the tyrosol is oxidized via an aryl-dehydrogenase in HPA. This last is hydroxylated either in HGA via a HPA 1-monooxygenase from strain TYRC17, or in DHPA via a HPA 3-monooxygenase from strain HTB24. These ortho-diphenolic compounds are then cleaved by catechol-dioxygenases, and finally degraded. In the presence of transition metals, contained in the Widdel oligo-element solution, the HGA is transformed not biologically, into 2,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (gentisaldehyde) which is involved in the pyomelanin formation. Moreover, strain HTB24 is able to produce hydroxytyrosol by aspecific tyrosol hydroxylation, via the same HPA 3-monooxygenase, the latter being induced by the presence of HPA in the medium. Moreover, the study of other bacteria having this enzyme, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Escherichia coli confirmed that they are also able to transform the tyrosol into hydroxytyrosol. These original bioconversions thus open great prospects for the bioremediation for these strongly salted effluents, but also for a promising production of antioxydant molecules with high added value
Labssita, Youssef. "Conception et synthèse de nouveaux dérivés benzopyroniques et de leurs analogues comme ligands des récepteurs sigma." Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30025.
Full textVestalys, Ialy Rojo. "Recherche de marqueurs biochimiques et génétiques de l'adaptation des caféiers cultivés aux variations climatiques." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTG054/document.
Full textThe decline in production and the proliferation of diseases caused by climate change in coffee growing, especially for Coffea arabica, leads to search new cultural practices and to study the adaptive response of coffee trees to environmental changes. Based on the importance of phenolic compounds in the response of plants to stress and the richness of coffee in these antioxidant compounds, the adaptive response of coffee grown in the field was studied by looking at the evolution of the leaf content in these compounds under different culture conditions simulated by an altitudinal gradient, shaded cultures or obtaining grafted plants. Biochemical analyzes show that certain phenolic compounds accumulate in the leaves in response to the modification of a specific meteorological parameter. Thus, chlorogenic acids and flavanols are more accumulated in case of drought while glycosylated flavonols accumulate under strong solar radiation. The comparison with C. canephora validates these markers. Transcriptomic analyzes indicate a difference in expression of the biosynthesis genes of these compounds according to the stage of growth of the leaf. They also show that the response to light is the overexpression of many genes encoding HSPs as well as those involved in photosynthesis and flavonoid glycosylation. Finally, these results show the interest, according to altitude, of shading and grafting for the cultivation of C. arabica
Jeanty, Matthieu. "Conception de ligands mixtes mélatoninergiques et sérotoninergiques à structure naphtalénique et azaindolique." Orléans, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ORLE2080.
Full textChardon, Edith. "N-Heterocyclic carbene complexes : toward innovative anticancer agents." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA6265.
Full textAmong the existing anticancer agents, cisplatin or cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II), represents the most known and commonly used chemotherapeutic drug worldwide highlighting the potential of metals in medicinal chemistry. However, its clinical effectiveness is also accompanied by severe side toxicities and cell-resistance mechanisms. These therapeutic limitations have encouraged the development of substitutes to cisplatin and have led to the discovery of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes of several late transition metals as new anticancer agents with similar to higher in vitro activities than cisplatin. In this context, the present project dealt with the synthesis and the study of novel cytotoxic NHC complexes of some transition metals (mainly platinum). Two simple, reproducible and modular synthetic routes were developed for the easy functionalization post-complexation of NHC derivatives using (a) ruthenium-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition and (b) ligand substitution. In order to improve the efficacy and selectivity of the NHC complexes, we have extended these strategies of functionalization to the attachment of biologically interesting moieties such as targeting agents, hydrosoluble groups and fluorescent dyes. In vitro cytotoxic activities of these newly synthesized complexes were measured against a wide variety of cancerous cells. The majority of the compounds demonstrated higher activities than the benchmark cisplatin and some were selective toward tumoral cells. These promising early-stage results offer new perspectives in cancer therapy while giving alternatives to the biomedical limitations of cisplatin
Hugel-Le, Goff Catherine. "Synthèse et étude des systèmes 1-phosphaallyliques : un accès général aux ligands eta3-1-phosphaallyles de MO, W, FE, CO et NI et particulier aux phosphaalcènes." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990EPXX0003.
Full textCarbajal, Ida Daniel. "Analyse multicritères de l'impact de la pourriture noble sur la texture et la composition biochimique des raisins de Chenin blanc." Thesis, Angers, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ANGE0061.
Full textWinemakers from the Loire valley are willing to improve the various types of sweet wines currently produced in their designation of origin altogether with the elaboration of grape quality that corresponds to these wines. For that purpose, it is necessary to objectively characterize the grapes and their quality. Our study implies the development of a multcriteria method that combines physical and biochemical measures on the grape, allowing the identification and characterization of the different levels of noble rot development on Chenin blanc grapes for the production of sweet wines. To do so, grapes corresponding to three noble rot levels were selected during two vintages, 2012 and 2013. Classical analysis of grape quality were carried out and complemented with color, texture and phenolic composition analysis. Besides the phenolic characterization of Chenin (healthy and botrytised), this study revealed the presence of myricetin, that is traditionally detected on red grape varieties, and that seems to be also synthetized on white grapes strongly affected by noble rot. We have also showed that a multicriteria analysis brings a very good differentiation of grapes more or less botrytised. A combination of myricetin, astilbin and glycerol concentrations showed a significantly good discrimination of grapes according to botrytisation level. Finally, we have detected new compounds on the grapes after the fungal attack that could be the result of oxidative reactions. These results are to be confirmed
Miguel, Clave Ignacio de. "Utilisation des composés perfluorés en chromatographie en tant qu'additifs et phases stationnaires." Toulouse, INSA, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ISAT0029.
Full textTondu, Sylvie. "Synthèse et étude biochimique d'hormones organométalliques : application à la détection du récepteur de la progestérone." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066068.
Full textBauer, Martin. "Membrane functionalisation using polyrotaxanes with amphiphilic cyclodextrins." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA6190.
Full textThis work is aimed at the design and characterisation of a new family of tethered ligands, called sliding tethered ligands (STLs). They are based on topological complexes between polymers and amphiphilic cyclodextrins (CDs), which can be inserted into phospholipid membranes. At first we investigate the membrane insertion properties of amphiphilic cholesteryl CD derivatives, which are suitable membrane anchors for the STLs. With the help of neutron reflectivity it can be demonstrated that the CD residues show a remarkable conformational adaptability and that the CD cavities remain accessible upon insertion into lipid model membranes. We have developed a synthetic pathway to assemble the STLs from polyrotaxanes with a controlled low number of mono-modified azido-alpha-CDs, threaded on a polyethylene glycol (PEG) chain. Using newly developed in-situ capping methods the polyrotaxanes are endcapped with adamantane ligands, which can be recognized by a beta-CD receptor. Furthermore a cholesteryl anchor is attached to the threaded CDs in order to enable the STLs to insert into membranes. We demonstrate that STLs readily insert into phospholipid (DPPC) model membranes using IR Absorption Reflection Spectroscopy and investigating the film morphology by Brewster Angle Microscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy. Applying neutron reflectivity it is shown, that for sufficiently high polymer densities the STLs form polymer brushes, which follow the scaling laws predicted by the mean field theory. Using the surface force apparatus it is evidenced that model membranes modified with STLs and cholesteryl beta-CD receptors give rise to typical tethered ligand - receptor interaction profiles
Bouquillon, Sandrine. "Nouveaux complexes à ligands isonitrile CNCH2R (R = triméthylsilyle, tosyle). Application en médecine nucléaire." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30036.
Full textEl, Kazzouli Saïd. "Synthèse de divers hétérocycles sur support polymère à partir d'un synthon commun : élaboration et évaluation pharmacologique de ligands mélatoninergiques à structure imidazo[1,2-a]pyridinique." Orléans, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ORLE2025.
Full textBeghin, Vincent. "Étude de la matière organique et du réseau trophique en estuaire de Seine : utilisation des marqueurs biochimiques (acides gras et stérols)." Lille 1, 1999. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1999/50376-1999-459.pdf.
Full textLouche, Julien. "Régulation de la sécretion des phosphatases acides des champignons ectomycorhiziens et mobilisation de phosphore organique dans la rhizosphère des arbres forestiers : approches biochimiques et moléculaires." Montpellier SupAgro, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NSAM0026.
Full textSome ectomycorrhizal fungi are able to release appreciable amounts of acid phosphatase (AcPase) when grown in pure culture. The main hypothesis of this work is that these enzymes would play an important role in organic P (Po) mobilisation of forest soils. To study this hypothesis, we used the model ectomycorrhizal fungus, Hebeloma cylindrosporum, already known for its great capability to release AcPase in vitro. The separation of secreted proteins in the culture medium with a cation exchange resin made it possible to identify four AcPase fractions. AcPases from each fraction released inorganic P (Pi) from Po extracted in acidic podzol. The rates of Pi release were increased when the soil was previously autoclaved, suggesting that pools of microbial Po released after soil autoclaving could be a better substrate for H. Cylindrosporum AcPases. A gene coding for an AcPase, named HcPhoA, was identified from a cDNA library of H. Cylindrosporum. Expression level of HcPhoA was strongly increased in the mycelium grown in pure culture as a response to Pi deficiency, indicating that the regulation HcPhoA production was transcriptional. However, HcPhoAexpression level increased after that of HcPT1 coding for a H+:Pi transporter. The mycorrhizal association between H. Cylindrosporum and maritime pine increased plant growth and net Paccumulation from an acidic podzol low in Pi. The increase of HcPhoA in ectomycorrhizae could indicate a role of HcPhoA in the mineralisation of soil Po for the host plant
Amiour, Nardjis. "Etude biochimique et génétique de la diversité des protéines de réserve du triticale hexaploïde, de leur influence sur les caractéristiques technologiques et recherche de facteurs impliqués dans la dureté du grain par une analyse protéomique des protéines amphiphiles du blé tendre." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CLF22348.
Full textMehdi, Ahmad. "Utilisation en chimie du silicium et du phosphore du 2,6-bis[(diméthylamino)méthyl]phényle, ligand potentiellement bis-chélatant : Etude de composés hypercoordonnés et stabilisation d'espèces très réactives." Montpellier 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON20267.
Full textBerrada, Sai͏̈d. "Etude de la sensibilité de Psylla pyri L. (Homoptera : Psyllidae) aux produits phytosanitaires et mécanismes biochimiques de résistance aux organophosphorés." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30021.
Full textMaziani, Pierre-Xavier. "Vers une meilleure compréhension du mécanisme de transfert de soufre pour la maturation des formiate déshydrogénases microbiennes." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0174.
Full textFormate dehydrogenases (FDH) use a molybdenum cofactor (Moco) to convert reversibly formate into CO2. FDH’s Moco must be sulfurated by the dimeric sulfur-transferase protein FdhD. In Escherichia coli, the protein FdhD possesses one flexible loop per monomer, each one bearing two essential cysteines and assuring sulfur transfer from the cysteine desulfurase IscS to the Moco. We studied the sulfur transfer mechanism through two working axis: i) the structural basis of FdhD/IscS interaction, and ii) the functional importance of the two flexible loops of FdhD. Through biochemistry and biophysics approaches, we showed that FdhD/IscS interaction is highly dynamic and also shows a high affinity. We also showed that the complex has a FdhD4-IscS2 stoichiometry, questioning on the role of each flexible loop since two loops are available for transfering only one sulfur atom from IscS. Thanks to a chimeric equivalent of the FdhD dimer, we showed that only one catalytic loop is sufficient to sulfurate Moco efficiently, and that the variant possessing only one cysteine per loop is active, though less efficient. Also, we showed that FdhD homologs possessing only one cysteine per loop are active. To conclude, we propose a model of Moco sulfuration by FdhD involving two cysteine residus originating either from the same loop, or from two different loops. In the latter case, the two loops would cooperate to provide the two cysteines required for sulfur transfer
Grosbellet, Claire. "Evolution et effets sur la structuration du sol de la matière organique apportée en grande quantité." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00487882.
Full textMaaliki, Carine. "Nouveaux ligands phospho-carbonés : synthèse et chimie de coordination." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1721/.
Full textThe project developed during this PhD thesis aims at the elaboration of novel ligands with extreme donor character for applications in catalysis. The first part of this work, reports on the synthesis of electron-poor phosphorus ligands especially imidazoliophosphines. The positive charge of the imidazolium moiety of these ligands is conjugated with the phosphorus atom. Thereby, two synthesis methods were developed; while the first consists on the modification of the substituents at the phosphorus atom, the second aims to introduce an additional cationic charge. Both methods have yielded three types of electron-poor ligands, namely the amidiniophosphonites, the di-amidiniophosphines and the cationic hydroxyphosphines. The limits of the coordination of these ligands have been evidenced by the preparation of a series of rhodium (I) complexes. By marked contrast, the second part of this project, concerns the synthesis of electron-rich phosphonium ylide ligands, more particularly the diphosphonium bis-ylides. These ligands were elaborated from the 1,2- or 1,3-diphenylphosphinobenzene bridge, prior to complexation. Preparation of chiral phosphonium ylides were also considered. Finally, the third part of this work focuses on the elaboration of hybrid "rich-poor" ligands having a carbene (NHC) and an amidiniophosphine coordinating extremities. These hybrid bidente ligands were developed for catalytic but also for photo-physic (charge transfer) applications. These new ligands with extreme donating character, electron-poor for the amidiniophosphines, and electron-rich for phosphonium ylides, open interesting perspectives in catalysis
Parmenon, Cécile. "Synthèse et évaluation pharmacologique de nouveaux ligands des récepteurs activés par les proliférateurs de peroxysomes pour le traitement du diabète de type II et du syndrome métabolique." Tours, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOUR3801.
Full textType 2 diabetes, a chronic metabolic disease with disabling complications, is assumed to be reaching epidemic proportions. For the past decade, the emerging knowledge of its key pathogenic mechanisms has led to the identification of a number of molecular drug targets. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs), consisting on three subtypes PPARα, PPARγ, PPARδ, belong to the nuclear receptor superfamily with pleiotropic effects especially on energetic metabolism. Following a common model of PPAR ligands, we synthesized novel 4,4-dimethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-based Selective PPARγ Modulators and PPARα/γ dual agonists optimizing each essential structural elements: the acidic head, the linker and the hydrophobic tail. After in vitro evaluation, the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of the most promising compounds were tested in vivo in ob/ob mice
Bourles, Erwan. "Aptitude variétale des pommes à la transformation : Recherche d'indicateurs biochimiques de l'évolution de la texture et de marqueurs d'intérêt nutritionnel." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00538900.
Full textLisena, Jérôme. "Nouveaux complexes pince indényle et indolyle de palladium : préparation et réactivité." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2013/.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to develop and study a new family of pincer complexes based on indene and indole skeletons. In recent years, pincer complexes commanded much attention in the field of organometallic chemistry. Many important applications and properties were discovered and this contributes to the dynamic in the development of new pincer structures. The first chapter presents a bibliographic introduction of pincer complexes, the principal way of preparation and some original applications (catalysis, high reactive compound stabilization, mechanistic studies). Then, the development of the indenyl pincer complexes in the LBPB group of the LHFA is introduced. The second chapter contains the synthesis of SCS indenyl and indenylidene palladium (II) complexes. A mechanistic study of the formation of these complexes shows that the Csp3-H bond is activated preferentially compared to the Csp2-H bond. Therefore, a methyl substituted ligand is prepared in order to block the pathway of Csp3-H bond activation. It demonstrates the feasibility of the direct activation of the central Csp2-H with subsequent formation of a methylindenyl palladium complex. In the third chapter, a new ligand structure is developed starting from the indole skeleton. This new pro-ligand completes the serie of indenyl, indolyl and indenylidene complexes, which exhibit a range of different structural and electronic properties. Finally, the non-innocent character of this new complex is studied and proves the inertia of the lone pair of the nitrogen. In the last chapter, the influences of the three platforms are compared from a structural point of view, in all cases with the PPh3 co-ligand. The electronic properties are examined using carbon monoxide as spectroscopic probe. Hydroamination of acrylonitrile and allylation of imine are then carried out to distinguish the systems according to their electronic properties and their mechanism
Duquesnoy, Isabelle. "Etude agrophysiologique, biochimique, protéomique de l'impact de l'arsenic inorganique pentoxyde et trioxyde chez 4 espèces végétales : 2 espèces annuelles (Lycopersicum esculentum et Zea mays) et deux espèces pérennes (Agrostis tenuis et Dechampsia cespitosa)." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CLF21976.
Full textChablain, Patrice. "Etude biochimique et génétique d'une voie de dégradation des composés aromatiques par la souche psychrotrophe Pseudomonias putida 01G3 : influence de la température de croissance sur les capacités dégradatives." Compiègne, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999COMP1245.
Full textAntalick, Guillaume. "Bilan biochimique et sensoriel des modifications de la note fruitée des vins rouges lors de la fermentation malolactique : rôle particulier des esters." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR21792/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to study the role of malolactic fermentation (MLF) on the fruity aroma of red wines. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) modify wine composition but there is no consensus concerning this aromatic group specifically. In opposition to empirical ideas on MLF, this work has demonstrated the absence, in short-term, of a “lactic-mask” although this kind of olfactory interaction may still occur in a later stage of wine development. Nevertheless, the existence of a smoked/toasted reduction-like mask note was proved. Its characterization has not been done in this work. The survey of the main fruity markers of wine (70 compounds) was made possible by the development of several gas chromatography coupled with solid-phase microextraction analytical methods (esters, C13-norisoprenoids, lactones, thiols). In particular, the creation of an “ester database” (32 compounds) has improved the detection of variations during LAB development in terms of analysis robustness. In fact, changes on esters contents are proved to be responsible for a major part of fruity notes evolution during MLF. Initially, this fermentation allows both synthesis and hydrolysis of esters as a consequence of esterase activity. Moreover, it promotes late-production of ethylic esters through the catabolism of certain aminoacids. Esterases specificity towards nature and size of the esters carbon chain is pointed out along with substrates availability, partially related to yeast activity.The study of the influence of both LAB strains and yeast/bacteria co-inoculation has confirmed microorganisms interactions and wine matrix composition to be of the great importance
Noël-Duchesneau, Ludovik. "Phosphines de type Buchwald incorporant des unités bétaïnes de pyrimidinium : synthèse et applications." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2655/.
Full textThis work is based on the derivatization of Buchwald-type phosphines by a formal replacement of the distal aryl group from the phosphorus atom by a pyrimidinium betaine. Depending on the position of substitution of the heterocycle (position 2 or 5), two new families of phosphines, named 2-LudoPhos or 5-LudoPhos, were obtained. The 2-LudoPhos phosphines have been successfully synthesized via two strategies. The first one is based on a last stage introduction of the phosphino moiety, and the second one consists in a modular, one-pot, three-step procedure. The resulting phosphines have been coordinated onto gold(I), silver(I) and palladium(II) centers and have been successfully engaged as supporting ligands in homogeneous catalysis (Pd-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling and gold(I) cycloisomerization). One achiral representative of the 5-LudoPhos family has been synthesized and used as ligand on a gold(I) center. The X-Ray diffraction analyses and DFT calculations on gold(I) and silver(I) complexes with 2-LudoPhos phosphines have shown a non-covalent interaction between the metallic centers and the carbon atom of the amidinium moiety of the heterocycle. The derivatization by alkylation of the malonate moiety directly on complexes of type [AuCl(2-LudoPhos)] has led to an enhancement of the interaction by increasing the electrophilic character of the amidinium unit. Specifically, the quaternization of the malonic central carbon atom has conducted to the isolation of a neutral gold(III)-alkyl complex in the solid state, wherein two electrons have been transferred from the gold(I) center to the cationic carbon atom. An interesting interconversion has been observed between the latter complex and its almost isoenergetic, ionic gold(I) analogue, bearing the unchanged amidinium moiety. These experimental findings have been fully supported by a thorough DFT study
Villien, Mathilde. "Synthèse et études d’oligonucléotides et de peptides comportant un complexe photoactivable de ruthénium(II)." Grenoble 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10041.
Full textThe Ru(II) complexes have found widespread interest as luminescent DNA probes, or new phototherapeutic agent against cancer. Complexes containing highly π-deficient polyazaaromatic ligands such as TAP (1,4,5,8-tetraazaphenanthrene) under illumination are able to form specifically a photoadduct with the guanine nucleobase. This photoreactivity might be an extremely promising strategy to control the normal cellular process, and so perturb the gene expression. However, the lack of selectivity of this photoreaction blocks their therapeutic development. To overcome this, we have realised the attachment of such metal complexes to the extremity of an oligonucleotide. This approach is based on the specific recognition of a target nucleotidic sequence by a nucleic acid probe. In this purpose, we have chosen to use the chemoselective oxime ligation. This coupling reaction was found to be highly efficient, between both unprotected moieties, with minimal chemical manipulation and working in physiological conditions. We have built some conjugate with two complexes of Ru(II) : [Ru(TAP)2Phen]2+ and [Ru(TAP)3]2+, anchoring at the 3’ or 5’ extremity of the oligonucléotides, in order to determine their photochemical potentiel. Then under visible illumination, we have demonstrated that the conjugates produce the specific and irreversible photocrosslinking between a guanine unit of the target and the ruthenium complex. Finally, we have also decided to extend our process by anchoring the complex [Ru(TAP)2Phen]2+ to cell-penetrating peptides
Raynal, José. "Modifications structurales et biochimiques de la prune d'Ente au début du séchage effets de diverses températures sur la structure celulaire et ses incidences sur les composés pectiques et phénoliques /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37609216g.
Full textMartinez, Lorente Maria Angeles. "Synthèse et propriétés magnétiques et structurales de complexes du fer(II) avec des ligands renfermant des noyaux imidazole : Modélisation du site ferreux non-heme des systèmes photosynthétiques. Etude de polymères du fer(II) à propriétés magnétiques inusuelles." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30034.
Full textClavaguera, Sarrio Carine. "Etude théorique de composés moléculaires d'actinides : propriétés électroniques, vibrationnelles et dynamiques." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30049.
Full textDe, Oliveira Lino Leandro. "Etude de la variabilité génétique de la sensibilité à la pourriture brune au cours du développement du fruit chez la pêche en lien avec l’évolution des caractéristiques physiques et biochimiques du fruit." Thesis, Avignon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AVIG0677/document.
Full textBrown rot (BR) in peach fruit caused by the fungus Monilinia spp. is a common disease that can provoke as much as 30 to 40% losses of crop. Currently, all cultivated peaches are more or less sensitive to BR. No other alternative than chemical treatment is available, hence fungicide applications are required until pre-harvest. Such applications are damaging the environment and may let residues in fruits. A review of literature was accomplished to compile the knowledge scattered in the literature from many years. The aim of this study is to investigate the factors of resistance of the fruit to M. laxa at different stages of fruit growth and their genetic control by studying contrasted genotypes and an interspecific peach progeny. The first focus was made on few cultivars to study the evolution of sensibility of fruits to M. laxa during their development in relation with structural and biochemical characteristics of the fruit, e.g. cuticular conductance, micro-cracks and fruit surface compounds. Some compounds were detected for the first time on peach fruit. The results confirmed that during the stage I immature fruits are susceptible to BR. Fruit cuticular conductance was high probably due to high density of stomata and thin cuticule in formation. In contrary, at pit hardening stage fruits were resistant, cuticular conductance was low and the levels of surface compounds exhibit a peak. When maturity approaches, fruit become susceptible again. With rapid development of the fruit during this stage, the surface compounds were diluted and micro-cracks often appear which resulted in high cuticular conductance. At stage I we explored the different physical characteristics of the immature fruit in relation with susceptibility to M. laxa. A hundred of individuals of an interspecific peach progeny called BC2 were characterized through laboratory infection, monitoring of fruit transpiratory losses and estimating stomata density (only for nectarines). Unexpected symptoms (not progressing ‘clear spot’) were observed. The cuticular conductance was significantly linked to the likelihood of infection, but the stomata number had no effect on the likelihood of infection. QTL controlling fruit resistance to BR, cuticular conductance and stomata number have been identified and some co-locations observed. At maturity stage we investigated the genetic control of BR resistance together with biochemical compounds of fruit epidermis. For three years, mature fruits from the BC2 progeny were infected with two modalities of infection: spray until runoff in the orchard to measure infection probability and drop in the laboratory conditions in order to observe the characters of beginning, progression and speed of infection. The BC2 progeny displayed high variability for BR resistance. Despite low stability between years, genotypes with high level of resistance were identified. In addition in 2015, we explored the variation in epidermis compounds of fruit within the BC2 progeny. Phenolic compounds, terpenoids and derivatives were quantified by HPLC. The relationship between BR resistance and presence and/or levels of certain epidermis compounds and the genetic control of these compounds were investigated. BR of peach fruit is a complex problem which is still far from resolved. Progress has been made in the knowledge of structural and biochemical characteristics involved in BR resistance and regions of the genome that could confer certain disease tolerance have been detected. Further work is needed to develop molecular markers for marker assisted selection. The results obtained suggest that solutions for the future lie in associations of tolerant cultivars _ less susceptible to micro-cracks and with high content of epidermis compounds potential inhibitor of the fungus development _ with cultural practices reducing both risks of fruit cracking and occurrence of micro-climatic conditions favorable to BR spread and sporulation
Moune, Dimala Martin. "Développement de ligands et d’outils chimiques pour la protéomique fonctionnelle." Strasbourg, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010STRA6142.
Full textThe major goal of this work was to develop a site specifie probe derived from inhibitors, contammg functional chemical and biocompatible modules (photo-labelling, bio orthogonalligation, chemical cleavage, affinity purification) for proteomic applications. The applications are multiple and would allow identification of protein partners in molecular complexes or target deconvolution studies. The work achieved concems the validation of these chemical modules through the study of a type II bacterial topoisomerase (DNA gyrase) and its antibiotic inhibitor (novobiocin) with the prospect at developing site specific probes targeting other enzyme families. First a probe was developed and a qualitative analysis of the bioorthogonal ligation reaction called Huisgen's cycloaddition was performed to compare to the Staudinger ligation. The biocompatibility, the specificity and the efficiency were analysed. The probe was then equipped with an azobenzene cleavable module and was used to purify (under non-denaturing conditions) multiprotein complexes containing gyrase B and achieve target deconvolution of novobiocin on Escherichia coli. Finally the work done on the gyrase B/novobiocin was used to initiate the development of a new purification tag that can be used for complex enrichment. A probe targeting HDAC proteins has also been developed
Zarrouki, Mohamed. "Etude de l'adsorption dans un système liquide-solide. Solution d'ion dicyanoaurate-charbon actif." Grenoble INPG, 1990. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00845070.
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