Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Composers, spain'
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Wolff, Victoria. "From literary page to musical stage: writers, librettists, and composers of zarzuela and opera in Spain and Spanish America (1875-1933)." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21989.
Full textLe présent travail porte sur l'essor de la zarzuela et de l'opéra en tant qu'expressions culturelles en Espagne et en Amérique hispanique, de même que leur rapport aux sociétés qui les ont vu naître. Je m'intéresse particulièrement aux œuvres de la littérature hispanique adaptées en livret d'opéra. Je tenterai de démontrer que la zarzuela et l'opéra ont créé un nouvel espace pour promouvoir la tradition musicale hispanique, qui permet d'imaginer et d'exprimer l'essence de la nation hispanique, dispersée dans de nombreux pays, mais fondamentalement liée à l'Espagne. J'ai choisi, pour ce projet, La Monja Alférez de Carlos Coello et Miguel Marqués, Pepita Jiménez de Francis Burdett Money-Coutts et Isaac Albéniz, Tabaré de Tomás Bretón, Cecilia Valdés d'Agustín Rodríguez, José Sánchez Arcilla et Gonzalo Roig, et enfin, Adiós a la bohemia de Pío Baroja et Pablo Sorozábal. Des librettistes et des compositeurs se sont associés afin de trouver un médium littéraire approprié pour exprimer l'essence de la nation dans les œuvres musico-dramatiques. Ainsi, les diverses œuvres littéraires à la base de la zarzuela et de l'opéra ont été puisées dans le théâtre du Siècle d'or, la prose narrative et le roman, la poésie épique, le roman colonial et la nouvelle. J'examine en outre dans les œuvres mentionnées ci-dessus les thèmes touchant de près à la nation, notamment le genre, l'identité nationale, l'histoire et le colonialisme, la race et la modernité. En plus d'analyser les transformations que subissent les œuvres artistiques lorsqu'elles sont transposées d'un genre (littéraire) à un autre (musical) dans un nouveau contexte culturel, j'observe à l'aide d'une approche sociologique les collaborations uniques entre les écrivains, librettistes et compositeurs ayant créé ces œuvres musico-dramatiques. Je m'appuie également sur la théorie de la performance pour comprendre de quelle manière s'articule le sens lors d
Holanda, Junior Lino Martins de 1984. "Ressonância de spin eletrônico (ESR) em compostos intermetálicos." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/277002.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin
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Resumo: Nesta Tese de Doutorado desenvolvemos estudos de Ressonância de Spin Eletrônico (ESR) em compostos intermetálicos, incluindo os férmions pesados ?-YbAlB4, ?-YbAlB4 and ? -YbAlxFe1-xB4, os metais ?-LuAlB4, AlB2 e o isolante Kondo, FeSi. Nossas medidas foram feitas em um espectrômetro modelo ELEXSYS-CW Bruker usando uma cavidade ressonante do tipo TE102 para a faixa de frequência em banda X (?~ 9.4GHz). A técnica de Ressonância de Spin Eletrônico aplicada aos compostos Férmions pesados foi sempre um desafio devido a presença de fortes correlações eletrônicas que tendem a alargar as linhas de ESR. Porem, nos últimos anos essa técnica ganhou renovado interesse após a descoberta do sinal de ESR na rede Kondo YbRh2Si2. Após esse trabalho, ESR voltou a ser considerada uma técnica importante para explorar os elétrons 4f e suas interações microscópicas em compostos de terras raras, uma vez que ela sonda diretamente o íon no sitio da rede. A motivação desse trabalho e, portanto, usar a técnica de ESR para entender a dinâmica dos elétrons 4f pesados em uma rede de Kondo, para os novos compostos férmions pesados ?-YbAlB4, -YbAlB4 and ?-YbAlxFe1-xB4. Neste trabalho buscou-se utilizar a técnica de ESR nesses compostos para alcançar o entendimento microscópio dos critérios que permitem a observação de um sinal de ESR em férmios pesados. Alem do mais, quando o sinal e observado, a sonda de ESR e propícia para acompanhar a evolução dos elétrons 4f em altas temperaturas para quase-partículas pesadas em baixas temperaturas. Nossas observações nos permitiram propor um cenário qualitativo baseado na existência de um modo ressonante acoplado entre ons Kondo e os elétrons de condução. Nos discutimos as características físicas gerais para que compostos férmios pesados sejam candidatos a apresentarem tal sinal de ESR. Ainda neste trabalho, estudamos os compostos intermetálicos ?-LuAlB4, AlB2 e FeSi com propriedades estruturais ou eletrônicas similares as dos compostos ?-YbAlB4, ?-YbAlB4 and ?-YbAlxFe1-xB4 em busca de uma generalizac~ao mais abrangente do cenário proposto neste trabalho
Abstract: In this work, we have performed an Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) study in intermetallic compounds including the heavy fermions ?-YbAlB4, ?-YbAlB4 and ? -YbAlxFe1-xB4, the Fermi liquid metals ?-LuAlB4, AlB2 and the Kondo insulator, FeSi. Our measurements were made on a spectrometer Bruker CW-model ELEXSYS using a resonant cavity TE102 in X Band ( ?~ 9.4GHz). The Electron Spin Resonance technique applied to heavy fermions compounds was little explored due to difficulty in finding ESR signal of Kondo ions due to the large coupling between the resonating spins and conduction electrons. However, in recent years this technique has become focus of great attention especially after the discovery of the ESR signal in a Kondo lattice YbRh2Si2. In this context, ESR was brought to the scene as one of the main techniques to bring insights to this problem since it could probe directly the f electrons of Kondo ions and their interaction with the conduction electrons. The motivation of this work is to use the ESR technique to investigate new heavy fermions compounds and to understand when these systems can present an ESR signal. In these cases ESR can help to understand more deeply how localized f electrons at high-T evolve to itinerant heavy quasi-particles in a low-T metallic state. Our observations for ?-YbAlB4, -YbAlB4 and ?-YbAlxFe1-xB4, allowed us to make some qualitative speculations about this phenomenon and within this scenario, we propose some general characteristics for heavy fermions compounds to become candidates to present ESR signal. In this work we have also measured ?-LuAlB4, AlB2 and the Kondo insulator, FeSi, in an attempt to generalize the ESR results found for ?-YbAlB4, ?-YbAlB4 and ?-YbAlxFe1-xB4 to a more broad family of compounds
Doutorado
Física
Doutor em Ciências
Brahim, Houari. "Spectroscopie électronique et couplage spin-orbite de composés organométalliques." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01070647.
Full textStein, Roberto de Mello. "RPE em compostos de grafite intercalado com ALCL3." [s.n.], 1985. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/277549.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin
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Resumo: Nós mostramos que no Composto de Grafite Intercalado com AlCl3, tipo aceitador, a dependência com a temperatura da resistividade no plano e na direção do eixo-c entre 100K e 300K, pode ser obtida experimentalmente através da análise da intensidade e da forma da linha da ressonância de spin dos portadores de carga. Os resultados indicam um comportamento metálico e do tipo salto por ativação térmica para o transporte de carga no plano e no eixo-c, respectivamente. A análise da ressonância no grafite puro apresenta dentro do erro experimental, a dependência com a temperatura esperada para a resistividade no plano e no eixo-c e uma susceptibilidade que independe da temperatura. A dependência da largura da linha é atribuída a dependência com a temperatura da mobilidade dos portadores e da razão entre a probabilidade de transição para "spin-flip" devido ao acoplamento spin-órbita e o espalhamento coulombiano. Para estágios um e sete os parâmetros da ressonância revelam uma transição de fase a 210K e 168K respectivamente
Abstract: We show that the temperature dependence of the in-plane and c-axis resitivities between 100K and 300K for the acceptor AlCl3 - Graphite Intercalated Compounds can be obtained from the analysis of the intensity and lineshape of the resonance in a conduction carrier spin resonance experiment. The results suggest a metallic and thermal activated hopping like character for the in-plane and c-axis charge transport respectively. The analysis of the resonance for pure graphite gives, within the experimental accuracy, the expected temperature dependence for the in-plane and c-axis resistivities, and an almost temperature independent Pauli paramagnetic susceptibility. The temperature dependence of the linewidth is attributed to the dependence of both the carrier s mobility and the ratio between the transition probability for spin-flip due to spin-orbit coupling and the coulomb scattering. For stage one and seven the resonance parameters reveal a phase transition at 210K and 168K respectively
Doutorado
Física
Doutor em Ciências
Ciomaga, Hatnean Monica. "Synthèse et étude de composés Ga₂₋ₓFeₓO₃." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00868789.
Full textZein, Samir. "Etudes Theoriques des Composes a Transition de Spin mono- et bi-nucleaires." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00193882.
Full textLa corrélation entre la position des noyaux et les propriétés magnétiques des composés mononucléaires a été faite sur la base des calculs DFT du gap énergétique entre les différents états de spin. Ces études ont permis de tirer des nouvelles conclusions qualitatives quant au rôle du phénomène d'ordre-désordre dans les composés à transition de spin. Certaines paramètres thermodynamiques ont pu être évalué à travers les calculs des fréquences vibrationnelles.
L'étude de systèmes binucléaires présentant un couplage magnétique intramoléculaire a permis l'interprétation des différents comportements magnétiques de ces systèmes (pas de transition, transition en une seule étape ou deux étapes). L'application de l'approche DFT/broken symmetry a permit la quantification des constantes d'échange, difficile d'accès aux mesures magnétochimiques traditionnelles.
Silva, Luiz Eduardo de Lima e. "Influência da reorientação de spin nas propriedades termomagnéticas dos compostos da série Ho1-yGdyAl2." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2014. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7012.
Full textNeste trabalho foram estudadas as propriedades estruturais e termomagnéticas dos pseudobinários Ho1-yGdyAl2, através de abordagens experimentais e teóricas. A parte experimental envolveu a preparação de cinco amostras, com as concentrações y = 0, 0,25, 0,5, 0,75 e 1, assim como medidas de magnetização, calor especifico e da variação adiabática da temperatura. Na parte teórica usamos um hamiltoniano modelo que leva em consideração a interação dos íons com o campo magnético aplicado, com o campo elétrico cristalino e a troca entre os íons magnéticos. A entropia da rede foi considerada na aproximação de Debye e a entropia eletrônica na aproximação do gás de elétrons livres. A influência das reorientações de spin, espontâneas e induzidas pelo campo magnético, na magnetização e no calor especifico foram investigadas sistematicamente tanto a partir de dados experimentais quanto teoricamente. Também obtemos resultados teóricos para a variação de entropia e variação adiabática da temperatura alterando a intensidade ou a direção do campo magnético.
In this work the structural and thermomagnetic properties of the pseudobinaries Ho1-yGdyAl2 have been studied by experimental and theoretical approaches. The experimental part included the preparation of five samples, with concentrations y = 0, 0,25, 0,5, 0,75 and 1, as well as magnetization, specific heat and adiabatic temperature change measurements. In the theoretical part we used a model Hamiltonian which includes the interaction of the ions with the applied magnetic field, the crystalline electrical field and exchange interactions with others magnetic ions. The lattice entropy has been considered within Debyes approach and the electronic entropy as that of a free electron gas. The spin reorientation influence, spontaneous and magnetic field induced ones, in magnetization and specific heat has been systematically investigated either from experimental data as well as theoretically. We have also obtained theoretical results for the isothermal entropy change and the adiabatic temperature change by modifying either the magnetic field strength or its direction.
Saint, Jean Michel. "Resonance de spin electronique dans les composes d'insertion bidimensionnels : exemple de l'asf#5-graphite." Paris 7, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA077111.
Full textLeclercq, Bénédicte. "Etude de la transition verre de spin dans les composes cd#1##xmn#xte." Paris 7, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA077069.
Full textForestier, Thibaut Létard Jean-François. "Synthèse de nanoparticules à transition de spin en milieu confiné." S. l. : Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://ori-oai.u-bordeaux1.fr/pdf/2008/FORESTIER_THIBAUT_2008.pdf.
Full textLefrançois, Emilie. "Synthèse de composés à base d’oxydes d’iridium à forte intrication spin-orbite." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAY045.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the study of iridium oxides, in particular on the consequences of the strong spin-orbit coupling of the iridium. Two families of compounds have been investigated: Sr3MM’O6, with mixed spin chains arranged on a triangular lattice, and R2Ir2O7 with interpenetrated pyrochlores networks of spins. Polycrystalline samples have been synthetized and in some instances single crystals were successfully grown. They were investigated macroscopically by magnetization measurements and probed microscopically by neutron and synchrotoron X-ray scattering experiments. Our measurements showed that in the spin chain compounds Sr3NiPtO6 and Sr3NiIrO6 the Ni2+ ions show a strong easy plane magnetocrystalline anisotropy, perpendicular to the chain axis. This stabilizes in Sr3NiPtO6 the so-called "large-D" non-magnetic phase. The planar anisotropy comes out in Sr3NiIrO6 at high temperature. The compound however orders at low temperature in a magnetic configuration with all the magnetic moments confined along the chain axis. We explain this change of anisotropy as due to the Ir4+ ions whose spin-orbit coupling produces a strong anisotropy of the intra-chain Ni-Ir magnetic interactions overwhelming the single-ion Ni2+ anisotropy. Concerning the pyrochlore iridates R2Ir2O7, magnetization measurements and neutron powder diffraction experiments are consistent with an "all-in/all-out" magnetic ordering of the Ir magnetic moments, revealed indirectly through the magnetic behavior of the rare-earth sublattice. This ordering is the only one consistent with a Weyl semi-metal phase predicted to arise from the spin-orbit coupling. The magnetic behavior of the rare-earth sublattice depends on the rare earth magnetocrystalline anisotropy. The ions with local uniaxial anisotropy are polarized by the Ir molecular field, whose direction coincides with the anisotropy axis. The ions with local planar anisotropy perpendicular to this direction show no iridium induced long-range magnetic ordering. At lower temperature, rare-earth interactions generate more complex magnetic behaviors
Zein, Samir. "Études théoriques des composés à transition de spin mono- et bi- nucléaires." Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10174.
Full textNaim, Ahmad. "Conception rationnelle, synthèse et caractérisation de composés à transition de spin chiraux." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0007.
Full textMany advancements in the field of spin crossover materials have been carried outsince the first observation by Cambi in 1931. The combination of chirality andmagnetism yields fascinating properties that open the way for potential technologicalapplications. Obtaining new non-centrosymmetric magnetic compounds yieldsinteresting subjects for non-linear optical studies or crystallography. This manuscriptdescribes the results obtained by various strategies pursued toward spin crossovernon-centrosymmetric molecular materials by combining spin crossover complexes withchiral anions based on D3 and D2 symmetric anions
Rojas, Pupo Daniel. "Estudo do efeito da substituição química nas propriedades de compostos intermetálicos de Yb e U." [s.n.], 2002. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/277702.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin
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Resumo: Neste trabalho foi realizado um estudo do efeito da substituição química nas propriedades de compostos intermetálicos de Yb e U através das séries de compostos Yl-xYbxCuAl, YbNi1-xCuxAl, YbInNi4-xCux, Y1-xYbxInNi4, U(Gel-xSnx)2, U(Gel-xNix)2 e Yl-xUxGe2. Os resultados de medidas de resistividade, calor específico e magnetização mostraram que, com a substituição química, temos modificações no estado fundamental do sistema, devido a mudanças no parâmetro de troca (J). Utilizando os resultados das séries de compostos Yl-xYbxCuAl e Yl-xYbxInNi4 mostramos que a temperatura de Kondo do material diminui para sistemas magnéticos quando a diluição provoca expansão de volume mas aumenta no caso de sistemas não magnéticos. Mostramos ainda que com a substituição no sitio do elemento de transição (séries YbNi1-xCuxAl e YbInNi4-xCux) há influencia de mudanças na estrutura de banda sobre o comportamento de TK. Com o estudo das séries YbInNi4-xCux e Y1-xYbxInNi4 concluímos sobre um esquema de níveis de campo cristalino para o sistema YbInNi4 formado por um dubleto-dubleto-quarteto, esperando assim, contribuir para a solução da controvérsia existente na literatura a este respeito. O efeito da substituição do Ge no composto ferromagnético UGe2 nas séries U(Ge1-xSnx)2 e U(Ge1-xNix)2, mostrou mudanças nas propriedades magnéticas do sistema. Evidências de formação do estado Vidro de Spin foi encontrada para as diluições com Ni. Assim, concluímos que a competição entre ordenamento ferro e antiferromagnético poderia ser uma condição necessária, mas não suficiente para a formação do estado de VS, e que outros efeitos, como a mudança na hibridização 5f-s,d ou a formação de fases intermediárias, deveriam ser levados em consideração. A substituição no sítio da terra rara (U) por um elemento metálico como o Y(Y1-xUxGe2), mostrou também mudanças nas propriedades magnéticas, e comportamentos característicos de sistemas NLF, na vizinhança do ponto onde as transições magnéticas vão para zero (PCQ)
Abstract: In the present work we studied the effect of the chemical substitution on the properties of Yb and U systems through the series Yl-xYbxCuAl, YbNi1-xCuxAl, YbInNi4-xCux, Y1-xYbxInNi4, U(Gel-xSnx)2, U(Gel-xNix)2 e Yl-xUxGe2. The results of resistivity, speci:fic heat and magnetization showed that the chemical substitution leads to modi:fication on the ground state of the system due to changes of the exchange parameter J. Using the results for the series Yl-xYbxCuAl and Yl-xYbxInNi4 we showed that the Kondo temperature decreases for the magnetic systems when the dilution process induces expansion of the volume, but increases for the case of non magnetic systems. Furthermore, substitutions of the transition metal showed a possible influence of changes in band structure on the behavior of Tk. The study of the series YbInNi4-xCux e Yl-xYbxInNi4 revealed a doublet-doublet-quartet crystal field level scheme for the YbInNi4, and hopefully this result will contribute to clarity the existing controversy about this matter. The chemical substitution effect of Ge in the ferromagnetic compound UGe2 has been studied with the series U(Ge1-xSnx)2 and U(Ge1-xNix)2, showing changes of the magnetic properties with dilution. Evidences for a Spin Glass (SG) state was found for the Ni alloying, and from this we concluded that the competition between ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic ordering is a necessary but not sufficiently condition for the SG. Also others effects, as changes on the hybridization and crystallization of different phases with Ni dilution should be taken into account. The substitution of (U) by Y in the series Y1-xUxGe2 leads to a different magnetic state with non Fermi liquid characteristics near to the QCP
Doutorado
Física
Doutor em Ciências
Holanda, Junior Lino Martins de 1984. "Ressonância de spin eletrônico (ERS) em compostos tipo férmions pesadas a base de Itérbio (Yb)." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/278529.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin
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Resumo: Nesta Dissertação desenvolvemos estudos de Ressonância de Spin Eletrônico (ESR) em monocristais dos compostos tipo férmions pesados YbR h2Si2 e YbAlB4. No caso do sistem YbRh2Si2, exploraramos os experimentos de ESR para três bandas de frequência existentes em nosso laboratório (n = 4,1 GHz (Banda-S), n = 9,4 GHz (Banda-X) e n = 34,0 GHz (Banda-Q)), o que situa o campo de ressonância da linha de ESR em diferentes regimes do diagrama de fase do YbRh2Si2, onde as fases antiferromagnética (AFM), líquido de Fermi (FL) e não-líquido de Fermi (NFL) podem ser encontradas. Foram investigados efeitos de campo cristalino e mudanças da dinâmica de spin dos elétrons 4¦ do Yb, para as diferentes bandas, e também para monocristais de YbR h2Si2 dopados com Lu e crescidos em uxo de Zn. Nossos resultados sugerem que o sinal de ESR observado em YbRh2Si2 consiste em um modo acoplado entre os 4f do Yb3+ e os elétrons de condução, em um regime tipo bottleneck com presença de interações antiferromagnéticas. Para o sistema YbAlB4, realizamos experimentos de ESR em banda-X nas duas fases iso-estequiométricas b -YbAl B4 e - a -YbAlB4. Para as amostras de b - YbAlB4 encontramos um comportamento interessante do sinal de ESR que apresenta características de uma ressonância de elétrons de condução (CESR) a altas temperaturas e adquire propriedades do íon de Yb3+ a baixas temperaturas. Tal dualidade não foi observada na fase a - YbAlB4. Nós discutiremos uma possível correlação entre o espectro de ESR observado nos dois sistemas férmions pesados que se situam em lados opostos de um ponto crítico quântico (Quantum Critical Point - QCP) em seus diagramas de fase. Essa correlação permitiu uma especulação sobre origem desse sinal de ESR em compostos férmions pesados, na qual a proximidade ao QCP desenvolve um papel crucial para o comportamento do espectro de ESR observado nessa classe de compostos.
Abstract: In this work we have performed Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) experiments on single crystals of YbR h2Si2 and YbAlB4 heavy fermion compounds. For YbRh2Si2, we explore the ESR measurements at three frequency bands (n = 4,1 GHz (S-Band), n = 9,4 GHz (X-Band) e n = 34,0 GHz (Q-Band)) which places the ESR resonance field within different regimes in the phase diagram of YbRh2Si2 where antiferromagnetic (AFM), Fermi liquid (FL) and non Fermi liquid (NFL) phases could be found. We have also explored the effects of crystal field and spin dynamics of Yb3+ for these different bands and also as a function of Lu-doping and single crystal growth methods. Our results indicate that the ESR signal found YbRh2Si2 behave such a Kondo coupled mode in a bottleneck-like regime with the presence of antiferromagnetic interactions. For YbAlB4, we have performed X-band experiments for single crystals the two different phases b -YbAl B4 and a -YbAlB4. For b -YbAlB4, we found a remarkable ESR signal that behaves as a conduction electron spin resonance (CESR) at high temperatures and acquires characteristics of the Yb3+ local moment ESR at low temperature. This behavior was not found in the a -YbAlB4. The striking and unique dual behavior observed in the same ESR spectra of b -YbAl B4 - a -YbAlB4 associated to the ESR results found for a -YbAlB4, YbRh2Si2 allow us to propose a qualitative scenario that may explain the origin of the ESR signal in HF systems. We speculate that for HF systems a strongly coupled 4¦ and ce give origin to Kondo coupled ESR modes with may behave as CESR or LM ESR, depending on the strength of Jfs. Moreover, HF systems near a QCP may have propitious conditions to present such a signal.
Mestrado
Física da Matéria Condensada
Mestre em Física
Fouché, Olivier Freysz Éric Degert Jérôme. "Cinétiques photo-induites à l'échelle nanoseconde de composés à transition d'état de spin et propriétés optiques de nanoparticules à transition d'état de spin." S. l. : Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://ori-oai.u-bordeaux1.fr/pdf/2009/FOUCHE_OLIVIER_2009.pdf.
Full textGuitou, Marie. "Etude théorique de la structure de composés moléculaires de métaux lourds." Marne-la-Vallée, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MARN0150.
Full textAugier, David. "Couplage electron-phonon dans les systemes fortement correles de basse dimensionnalite : application aux composes spin-peierls." Toulouse 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU30128.
Full textSouza, Marcos Vinicios de. "Estudo da reorientação de spin nos compostos RX2 (R = terra rara; X: Al, Ni)." Pós-Graduação em Física, 2013. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/5290.
Full textNeste trabalho, nossos esforços iniciais foram direcionados a estudar o comportamento da magnetização em função da temperatura, calculado segundo o método aproximativo das constantes de anisotropia e da resolução de um hamiltoniano (que inclui o campo cristalino) como exemplificado para o composto DyAl2. Além disto, investigamos as características magneto-térmicas de alguns integrantes da série RX2 (R: Terra rara; X: Al, Ni), incluindo a reorientação de spin (RS), usando um hamiltoniano modelo que consiste de momentos magnéticos localizados interagentes via interações de troca e de campo cristalino, na aproximação do campo molecular. Estudamos como a RS depende da direção de aplicação do campo magnético, da sua intensidade e da temperatura. Para os cálculos magnéticos, o problema da auto consistência foi solucionado utilizando uma rotina, computacional desenvolvida na linguagem computacional Fortran 90. Ressaltamos que, uma atenção especial foi direcionada ao campo cristalino, por conta da sua alta relevância sobre as características anisotrópicas dos compostos RX2 estudados. Portanto, em nossas tentativas para estudar as peculiaridades dos elementos terras raras, devido aos efeitos do campo cristalino, não consideramos somente a mudança na intensidade, mas a variação na direção do campo aplicado. No caso dos compostos Er+3 e Tb+3, obteve-se um comportamento da magnetização de segunda ordem ou contínuo face à mudança do ângulo polar. Salientamos que os termos de campo cristalino desempenham um papel fundamental na reorientação de spin de primeira ordem para Dy+3 e Ho+3. Primeiro, tal transição pode ser revelada por uma descontinuidade nas componentes cartesianas do vetor de magnetização em função do ângulo polar. Segundo, a descontinuidade é de grande importância para o cálculo do calor latente associado à reorientação spin nos casos em que foram observadas as transições de primeira ordem. Finalmente, foi possível separar as contribuições de primeira e segunda ordem da variação de entropia magnética anisotrópica, o qual é o principal resultado deste trabalho.
Sánchez, Costa José. "Propriétés magnétiques et photomagnétiques d'un complexe macrocyclique à transition de spin : un nouvel exemple de multi-métastabilité." Bordeaux 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR12986.
Full textCinget, Francis. "Double marquage par spins en série D-glucose : perturbation du T1 en RMN 13C et 19F par un radical nitroxyde : sonde de distances intramoléculaires." Grenoble 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990GRE10126.
Full textMonteiro, José Carlos Botelho 1984. "Estudo das propriedades magnéticas e magnetocalóricas em compostos RZn (R= Tb, Gd, Ho e Er)." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/277821.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin
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Resumo: Neste trabalho apresentamos os resultados das medidas de magnetização e calorimetria em policristais da série RZn (R= Tb, Gd, Er e Ho). Através da análise das curvas de magnetização em função da temperatura, obtidas em campos de até 5 T, avaliamos e obtemos o efeito magnetocalórico (EMC) para os compostos da série, expresso através da variação isotérmica da entropia. O composto GdZn é o mais simples da série sendo o único que não apresenta efeitos inerentes à anisotropia magnética. Pelas medidas de magnetização observamos uma transição de ordenamento magnético em 260 K. Para este composto utilizamos um hamiltoniano simples, considerando apenas as contribuições devido à interação de troca e ao efeito Zeeman para simular curvas de calor específico e magnetização. Com os dados obtidos observamos uma variação de entropia máxima de 3,49 mJ/gK para um campo de 5 T em torno de Tc. O ErZn apresenta transição ferromagnética em 18 K e uma queda na magnetização em temperaturas abaixo de Tc, que é resultado de uma transição de reorientação de spin (TRS) induzida por campo. Essa transição é um efeito da anisotropia do sistema e é observada apenas em curvas obtidas em baixos campos magnéticos. Para simular as curvas de magnetização do ErZn e dos demais compostos da série adicionamos ao hamiltoniano utilizado a contribuição devido ao campo cristalino. Ao avaliarmos o EMC do ErZn vemos que existe uma pequena anomalia, resultado da TRS, em torno de 11K para variações em até 2 T de campo. Em campos maiores a anomalia desaparece e obtemos um ?S de até 14,83 mJ/gK em campos de 5 T. Os compostos TbZn e HoZn apresentam transições ferromagnéticas em 195 e 66 K, respectivamente, e ambos apresentam transições de reorientação de spin em temperaturas abaixo de Tc. Diferentemente do ErZn, porém, nesses compostos as TRS não são induzidas por campo, sendo resultado apenas da anisotropia do sistema, mostrando efeitos muito mais pronunciados nas curvas de magnetização e calor específico. Ao calcularmos o EMC desses compostos, observamos dois picos pronunciados relativos à mudança da entropia no material, um devido ao ordenamento magnético em Tc e outro devido à reorientação de spin no material. Essa característica faz com que o EMC nesses compostos tenha uma área de atuação muito maior do que em materiais que só apresentam um ?Smax em Tc, tornando materiais desse tipo fortes candidatos à refrigeração magnética
Abstract: This work presents the results of calorimetric and magnetization measurements on polycrystalline RZn series (R = Tb, Gd, Er and Ho). By analyzing the curves of magnetization as a function of temperature, obtained under fields up to 5 T (6 T for TbZn), we obtain and evaluate the magnetocaloric effect (MCE) for compounds of the series, expressed by the isothermal entropy change. The GdZn compound is the simplest of the series being the only one that has no inherent magnetic anisotropy effects. Through magnetization measurements we observe a magnetic ordering transition at 260 K. For this compound we use a simple Hamiltonian, considering only the contributions due to exchange interaction and the Zeeman Effect to simulate curves of specific heat and magnetization. With the data obtained, GdZn presented a maximum entropy change of 3.49 mJ/gK for a magnetic field of 5 T around Tc. The ErZn presents a ferromagnetic transition at 18 K and a drop in magnetization at temperatures below Tc, which is the result of a spin reorientation transition (SRT) induced by magnetic field. This transition is an effect of the system¿s anisotropy and is observed only in curves at low magnetic fields. To simulate the magnetization curves of ErZn and the other compounds of the series we added to the Hamiltonian the contribution due to the crystalline field. In evaluating the MCE of ErZn we find that there is a small anomaly, the result of SRT, around 11K for field variations up to 2 T. In larger fields the anomaly disappears and we get ?S up to 14.83 mJ / gK at fields of 5 T. The compounds HoZn and TbZn have ferromagnetic transitions at 195 and 66 K, respectively, and both have spin reorientation transitions at temperatures below Tc. Unlike the ErZn compound, however, those SRT are not field-induced, being the sole result of anisotropy of the system and showing effects much more pronounced in the curves of magnetization and specific heat. In calculating the EMC of these compounds, we observe two pronounced peaks on the entropy change in the material, one due to a magnetic ordering at Tc and the other due to spin reorientation in the material. This feature shows that the MCE in these compounds act in a much wider range than the usual materials that shows a peak only in Tc, making them strong candidates for magnetic refrigeration
Mestrado
Física da Matéria Condensada
Mestre em Física
Mikolasek, Mirko. "Etude de la dépendance en taille des propriétés physiques des composés à transition de spin." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30132/document.
Full textSpin crossover compounds are able to reversibly switch from a low spin to a high spin state under the application of an external stimulus (temperature, light irradiation, etc.). This transition is associated with an important modification of the physical properties (elastic, magnetic, optical properties, etc.). In particular, in the solid state, a memory effect (hysteresis loop) can occur. All these features are particularly attractive for applications in nano-devices. However, these properties are largely dependent on the object size. This size dependence can lead to a loss of the hysteresis loop, a modification of the phase stability and to incomplete transition. These phenomena have been studied through statistical and thermodynamical approaches highlighting the important role of interfaces. This thesis is focused on two points. First, a study of the surfaces through the spatial relaxation is performed by numerically solving (Monte Carlo simulations and auto-convergence techniques) Ising-like and " spin-phonon " models. The analysis of the surface correlation length (surface thickness), revealed that the surface-volume coupling increases when getting closer to the transition temperature and that the spatial inhomogeneity can lead to incomplete transitions. On the other hand, an experimental study of the lattice dynamics is also performed. The density of phonon states is extracted from nuclear inelastic scattering in order to follow the size evolution of the vibrational and elastic properties. This experimental study is completed by the theoretical investigation (molecular dynamics simulations, dynamical matrix method) of the densities of vibrational states of cubic particles with an octahedral pattern allowing a better understanding of the coupling mechanisms of the different vibrational modes of the coordination octahedron in the solid state. Finally, the confinement effects and their consequences on the lattice dynamical parameters are discussed
Rajnak, Cyril. "Synthesis of spin transition compounds for surface deposition." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAE040.
Full textThis doctoral thesis presents the results of an experimental study of the spin transition compounds for surface deposition. We have focused on Fe(II) systems with d6 configuration and their bistable ST behaviour. In an octahedral symmetry the d6 configuration can adopt two different electronic ground states according to the occupation of the d orbitals split into the eg and t2g subsets. If the energy difference between two states is small then the spin transition can be induced by an external stimulus. In fact, the complexes adopt the high-spin state or the low-spin state by reason of energy difference between orbitals and interelectronic repulsion energy. Nine novel tridentate ligands have been synthesized and characterized; they were used as precursors for new Fe(II) coordination compounds. The SQUID magnetometry was used in studying magnetic properties of prepared complexes and the XAS technique was also applied to study magnetic properties of a neutral complex on an adhesive graphite tape
Pontillon, Yves. "Étude de la densité de spin de composés magnétiques moléculaires par diffraction de neutrons polarisés." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10220.
Full textFouché, Olivier. "Cinétiques photo-induites à l'échelle nanoseconde de composés à transition d'état de spin et propriétés optiques de nanoparticules à transition d'état de spin." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00371048.
Full textFouché, Olivier. "Cinétiques photo-induites à l’échelle nanoseconde de composés à transition d’état de spin et propriétés optiques de nanoparticules à transition d’état de spin." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13766/document.
Full textThis work deals with the study of optical properties of spin-state transition compounds. More precisely, we characterized the photo-induced transition of this complex. To make these studies, we have used two home-built experimental set ups based on time resolved pump-probe techniques. We have shown that thermal mechanism induces nucleation/growth process. Besides, we have studied the effect of particle size on the photo-induced transition. Finally, we have studied the optical properties of nanoparticles
Gallo, Pascal. "Nanostructures III-V pour l'électronique de spin." Toulouse, INSA, 2006. http://eprint.insa-toulouse.fr/archive/00000156/.
Full textSelf-organised growth of quantum dots seems to be one of the best methods to obtain nanostructures able to confine carriers in the three directions of space. Growth is performed by molecular beam epitaxy; this technique provides high quality crystals, coherently with their environment. However, its major drawback is that it generates randomly sized structures, which is detrimental for device applications. A solution to this odd is to pattern the substrate in order to create regularly spaced nucleation sites for the quantum dots. The technique employed to do so is nanoimprint, which prevents from creating non radiative recombination centers in the substrate. This work shows state of the art results of luminescence from nanoimprinted regrown structures. Quantum dots are here applied to spintronics, which principle is to use the spin of the carriers as a support of quantum information. Three major obstacles have to be overcome in this field; first, polarized carriers have to be injected in the semiconductor; second, the polarized carriers have to be transported through the material; finally, the carriers may recombine, providing polarized photons. In this thesis, we design a device that allows characterizing all these parameters: the spinLED. Quantum dots allow a particularly good efficiency in the conversion of polarized carriers into polarized photons. As the spin relaxation times of the carriers are short, about 100ps, it was necessary to adapt the spinLED structure to make it compatible with hyperfrequency measurements
Guo, Wenbin. "Nouveaux composés à conversion de spin et polymorphisme pour une approche multi-échelle vers les hautes T(LIESST)." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021BORD0015.
Full textThe Light-Induced Excited Spin-State Trapping effect (LIESST) appears as one of the most promising and exciting phenomena for applicative devices based on Spin-CrossOver (SCO) complexes. However, the fundamental understanding of the LIESST effect must be yet deeply completed prior to any rational design of any efficient material. For instance, it is still a great challenge to establish the structure-properties relationships corresponding to the LIESST process, though this approach is crucial to discover SCO materials with a high relaxation temperature T(LIESST). The target of this work is therefore to understand how to increase T(LIESST) towards a daily-life temperature range. We choose to reach this goal by increasing the distortion of the metal coordination sphere through two chemistry-based strategies: i) playing at the molecular scale via steric strains produced by halogen-substituted ligands and ii) controlling the molecular stress through polymorphism. Part I displays some fundamental knowledge on SCO and Part II and III are devoted to the synthesis, crystallography and (photo)magnetic studies of new molecular compounds, including polymorphs, of the [Fe(PM-L)2(NCX)2] family. First these new compounds offer a large panel of innovative behaviours, such as, for instance, negative or zero volume expansions at the SCO and the absence of multi-step transition despite independent metal sites within the crystal. This work enlarges significantly the richness of the SCO based perspectives. Second, the deep examination of the relevant parameters to high T(LIESST) as discussed in Part IV brings new features and, overall, definitively proves that all physical scales must be taken into account, leading to a multiscale concept of the LIESST effect
Sergentu, Dumitru-Claudiu. "Géométries, electronic structures, and physico-chemical porperties of astatine species : an application of relativistic quantum mechanics." Thesis, Nantes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NANT4024/document.
Full textTrials to destroy cancer cells with currently synthesized 211 At-based radiotherapeutic agents are not yet fully satisfactorily since they resume to in vivo deastatination. Since this issue is related to the limited knowledge of the basic chemistry of At and its species, fundamental researches combining ultra-trace experiments and computational studies have been initiated. In this thesis, a computational study of several At species is performed, by means of relativistic density functional theory and wave-function-based calculations. First, the quantum mechanical approaches that can safely be used to make adequate predictions are established. Using these approaches, we attempt to rationalize the electronic structures, geometries, and physico-chemical properties of various systems of theoretical and/or experimental interest, in particular the AtF3 and AtO+ ones. By the end, we firmly identify a new At species by combining outcomes of experiments and calculations. This new species not only completes the Pourbaix diagram of At in aqueous and non-complexing media, but also gives clues of identifying experimental conditions to make best reactive the At– precursor, which is currently involved in the synthesis of promising radiotherapeutic agents
Nadal, Lomas Martí. "Human health risk assessment of exposure to environmental pollutants in the chemical / petrochemical industrial area of Tarragona (Catalonia, Spain)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/8719.
Full textAutor: Martí Nadal
Resum:
Un dels complexos químics/ petroquímics més importants del sud d'Europa està ubicat a Tarragona. En els darrers anys, ha augmentat la preocupació pública envers els possibles efectes adversos que el complex industrial podria tenir per a la salut de la població resident a Tarragona. En resposta, el 2002 s'inicià un estudi per tal de determinar els nivells de diversos contaminants a l'àrea. En concret, es van recollir mostres de sòls i vegetació (bledes silvestres) en diversos punts dels Polígons Nord i Sud, així com del centre urbà de Tarragona i diversos barris residencials. Finalment, es van prendre mostres fora de l'àrea d'influència directa de les indústries (controls). En totes les mostres, es van determinar les concentracions d'arsènic (As), cadmi (Cd), crom (Cr), mercuri (Hg), manganès (Mn), plom (Pb) i vanadi (V). Per altra banda, també s'hi analitzaren els nivells de policlorodibenzo-p-dioxines i furans (PCDD/Fs), bifenils policlorats (PCBs), naftalens policlorats (PCNs) i hidrocarburs aromàtics policíclics (PAHs).
Els sòls recollits en el complex químic i les àrees urbana/residencial presentaren les concentracions més elevades per a tots els contaminants analitzats. La diferència respecte a les zones petroquímica i no contaminada fou significativa pel Cr, el V, els PCDD/Fs i els PCBs. No obstant, els nivells de tots els contaminants en sòl foren clarament menors a les concentracions màximes permeses en les legislació. Quant a les bledes, no es van trobar diferències significatives per a cap dels contaminants, llevat del V. En conseqüència, es podria considerar que Tarragona presenta un cert grau de contaminació per part d'aquest metall.
L'aplicació del mapa auto-organitzatiu de Kohonen (SOM) i l'anàlisi de components principals (PCA) permeté la identificació d'alguns punts del sud-oest del complex químic, i del centre urbà de Tarragona, pels seus alts nivells de contaminació. De fet, la presència d'una planta de producció de clor, així com el règim de vents predominant (mestral) i l'altura de les torxes i xemeneies de la refineria (facilitant la dispersió lluny del focus) serien una explicació raonable de les concentracions relativament més elevades de l'àrea química.
Les actuals concentracions de metalls pesants no suposen un augment rellevant dels riscos no cancerígens per a la població. No obstant, un cert nombre de casos de càncer podria derivar de la ingesta d'As (a causa dels baixos nivells d'As establerts per l'US EPA) i inhalació de Cr (ja que es va assumir que el Cr6+ era 1/6 del crom total). L'avaluació de riscos de l'exposició a PCDD/Fs es dugué a terme en funció del nivell socioeconòmic de la població. L'exposició directa suposa menys del 2% del total. Globalment, els habitants de les àrees residencials estan més exposats a les PCDD/Fs a causa de la ingesta dietètica. De tota manera, els riscos associats a aquesta exposició són assumibles.
Considerant les baixes concentracions de PAHs, es va estudiar la influència de la temperatura i la radiació solar en la fotodegradació de PAHs. S'observà que ambdues variables podrien tenir un efecte sinergètic. Per tal d'estudiar l'estat integral de contaminació a Tarragona, es desenvolupà un Índex de Risc Integral en base al SOM. Així, es va elaborar un ranking dels diversos contaminants en funció de la seva persistència, bioacumulació i toxicitat. Posteriorment, es va dissenyar un mapa del risc de la zona mitjançant la representació espacial de l'Índex amb un Sistema d'Informació Geogràfica.
Tot i que el risc per metalls pesants i contaminants orgànics no és significatiu, fóra molt recomanable dur a terme mesures continuades del nivells d'aquests i altres contaminants en les àrees industrials i urbanes de Tarragona. Així mateix, caldria fer un esforç conjunt per tal de reduir els nivells ambientals d'As, Cr i V.
Thesis: Human health risk assessment of exposure to environmental pollutants in the chemical/petrochemical industrial area of Tarragona (Catalonia, Spain).
Author: Martí Nadal
Summary:
One of the most important chemical/petrochemical complexes in Southern Europe is located in Tarragona (Catalonia, Spain). In recent years, public concern over possible adverse health effects for the population living near the industrial complex has increased. In response, in 2002 we initiated a wide survey to determine the current levels of various pollutants in the area. Specifically, samples of soils and vegetation (wild chards) were collected in several locations of the chemical and petrochemical industrial complex of Tarragona, as well as in Tarragona downtown and some residential suburbs. Finally, a few samples were collected outside the direct influence of the chemical industries (controls). Concentrations of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), and vanadium (V) were determined in those samples. In turn, the levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs), as well as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were also determined in the same samples.
Soils collected near the chemical complex and in urban/residential areas showed the highest concentrations for all the chemicals analyzed. The difference with respect to the petrochemical and unpolluted areas was significant for Cr, V, PCDD/Fs and PCBs. However, the levels of all pollutants in soil were clearly lower than the maximum allowed concentrations established by the legislation. With regard to chard samples, no significant differences were observed for any of the pollutants, excepting V. Consequently, it can be considered that Tarragona is impacted by some degree of pollution by this metal.
The application of Kohonen's Self-Organizing Map (SOM) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) allowed to identify some sampling locations in the south-western corner of the chemical area, and in Tarragona downtown, due to relatively high levels of pollution. In fact, the presence of a chlor-alkali plant, as well as the predominant wind regime (from North) and the height of stacks and torches of the oil refinery (making easier the dispersion far away these sources), would be a reasonable explanation why higher concentrations were found in the chemical area.
The current concentrations of heavy metals do not pose relevant non-carcinogenic risks for the population. However, a certain number of cancer cases could derive from As ingestion (due to the low As levels established by US EPA) and Cr inhalation (according to the assumption that Cr+6 is 1/6 of the total chromium). Human health risk assessment of PCDD/F exposure was carried out according to the socioeconomic status of the population. The environmental exposure only means less than 2% of the total exposure. Overall, people of residential areas result more exposed to PCDD/Fs. However, non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks associated to that exposure would be assumable.
Considering the low levels of PAHs, the influence of the temperature and solar radiation on the PAH photodegradation was studied. It was found that both variables might have a synergistic effect over PAH degradation. To study the global state of pollution in the area of Tarragona, a SOM-based Integral Risk Index was developed. Inorganic and organic pollutants were ranked according to different properties of persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity. Subsequently, a risk map of the zone was designed as the spatial representation of this Index with a Geographic Information System (GIS).
Although the risk by heavy metals and organic pollutants is not notable, continuous measurements of these and other pollutants in the industrial and urban Tarragona are remarkably advisable. Likewise, some efforts should be done to reduce the environmental levels of As, Cr, and V.
Culcasi, Marcel. "Oxydation électrochimique des composés organophosphorés trivalents étude par résonance de spin électronique de radicaux cations phosphinium LP.⁺ et diphosphinium." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37596930x.
Full textLe, Bris Rémy. "Propriétés magnétiques et photomagnétiques de composés de coordination construits à partir de briques cyanométallates." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00402628.
Full textMartin, Jean-Pierre. "Mecanisme des transitions de spin dans les composes moleculaires a l'etat soldie : effets de la dilution de l'ion metallique." Paris 11, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA112098.
Full textMarcén, Murillo Silvia. "Photomagnétisme de complexes du Fe(II) à ligands polydentes : enrichissement d'une base de données." Bordeaux 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR12664.
Full textThis work deals with the thermally and lignt-induced spin crossover phenomenon encoutered in iron(II) complexes. The main goal csoncerns the identification of the keys parameters affecting the photoinduced HS→LS relaxation. The synthesis and the study of the magnetic properties have been achieved for a large number of iron (II) complexes involving nitrogen ligands. The analysis of this database has definitively probed the ralation between T(LIESST) and T1/2. This also suggests that he denticity of the ligand is one of the crucial factors for controlling the relaxation process
Carette, Pierre. "Spectroscopie des monoxydes de lanthanides." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37603617g.
Full textMedina, Neto Antonio. "Estudo do efeito Kondo e tempo de flutuação de spin na série de compostos(LA1-xCex)3Al." [s.n.], 1994. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/277771.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin
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Resumo: Neste trabalho apresentamos e discutimos os resultados de resistividade elétrica, susceptibilidade magnética e Ressonância Paramagnética Eletrônica (R.P.E.), para a série de compostos (La1-xCex)3Al. Nos experimentos de R.P.E. usamos Gd e Er como íons de prova e, partindo do composto de referência La3Al, estudamos a influência da adição do Ce na ressonância destes Íons. Dos resultados de resistividade elétrica e susceptibilidade magnética, observamos uma competição entre o estado supercondutor, o efeito Kondo e o ordenamento antiferromagnético, caracterizados por TC, TK e TN respectivamente. Pudemos assim obter um "diagrama de fase magnético" para o composto, em função da concentração de Ce. Os resultados de R.P.E., para as amostras dopadas com Er, são interpretados usando o modelo de campo cristalino para simetria hexagonal. Para as amostras dopadas com Gd estudamos o comportamento da largura de linha em função da temperatura, para as diferentes concentrações de Ce (x £ 0.07). Destes resultados calculamos o parâmetro de troca entre o Ce e os elétrons de condução e estimamos, também, o comportamento do tempo de flutuação de spin do Ce
Abstract: In this work we report the results of electric resistivity , magnetic susceptibility and Electron Spin Resonance (E.S.R.) for (La1-xCex)3Al. In the E.S.R. experiments we used samples doped with Gd and Er, introduced in the matrix as a probe, and studied the influence of Ce addition in the resonance of those ions. Our resistivity and susceptibility results show competition between the superconducting state, the Kondo effect and antiferromagnetic ordering, characterized by TC, TK and TN , respectively. So, we were able to obtain a magnetic phase diagram for the compound as function of Ce concentration. The ESR results for samples doped with Er, are interpreted using the crystal field model of hexagonal symmetry .For samples doped with Gd, we studied the behavior of the linewidth dependence with the temperature, for different Ce concentration (x £ 0.07). With these results we are able to estimate the Ce exchange parameters and the behavior of the Ce spin fluctuation time
Mestrado
Física
Mestre em Física
Labbé, Nicole. "Mise au point d'une nouvelle méthode de dosage de l'eau dans le bois et caractérisation des composés organiques du pin maritime par résonance magnétique nucléaire domaine temps." Bordeaux 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR12540.
Full textNunes, Neto Oswaldo. "Estudo dos processos de transporte dependentes de Spin em materiais orgânicos /." Bauru, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/143066.
Full textBanca: Claudio José Magon
Banca: Augusto Batagin Neto
Banca: Luis Vicente de Andrade Scalvi
Banca: José Humberto Dias da Silva
O Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Materiais, PosMat, tem caráter institucional e integra as atividade de pesquisa em materiais de diversos campi
Resumo: Materiais e dispositivos baseados em compostos orgânicos desempenham um importante papel em diversas áreas da aplicação tecnológica devido às suas interessantes propriedades eletro-magneto-ópticas, adicionadas às suas características mecânicas únicas, facilidade de processamento, versatilidade de síntese e baixo custo relativo. Apesar do proeminente campo de aplicação destes materiais, muitos aspectos associados às sua ciência básica são ainda pouco compreendidos. Nesse cenário destaca-se o fenômeno de Magnetoresistência Orgânica (OMAR, da sigla em inglês). Tal fenômeno encontra-se associado a variações significativas da condutividade elétrica de dispositivos orgânicos induzidas por pequenos campos magnéticos externos em temperatura ambiente e tem sido observado em diversificados materiais poliméricos e moleculares. No presente trabalho avaliou-se o fenômeno de OMAR apresentando por um Diodo Emissor de Luz baseado na molécula de Alq3-. Medidas de Espectroscopia de Impedância Elétrica na presença de um Campo Magnético estático externo (EIE-CM) foram realizadas sobre o referido dispositivo para diferentes temperaturas. Métodos diferenciados de aquisição e manipulação de dados foram empregados a fim de remover a dependência temporal dos sinais tipicamente observados. Os seguintes Efeitos do Campo Magnético (MFE, da sigla em inglês) foram observados sobre a resposta elétrica do dispositivo: (i) redução de cerca de 1% na resistência, efeito praticamente constante para todo o espectro de frequência e; (ii) variações significativas na capacitância, com intensificação do efeito de Capacitância Negativa em baixas frequências. Como suporte para a interpretação dos resultados experimentais foram realizadas simulações empregando-se duas abordagens: Circuitos Equivalentes e Análise de perturbações de pequenos sinais (em inglês, Small Signal Analisys) via soluções numéricas das equações...
Abstract: Materials and devices based on organic compounds play and important role in various technological applications, mainly due to their interesting electrical-magneto-optical properties combined with their unique mechanical properties, easy processing, versatility of synthesis and relatively low cost. Despite the prominent application field of these materials many aspects associated with their basic science are still not well understood. in this context the Organic Magnetorresstance phenomenon (OMAR) deserves to be highlighted. This phenomenon is associated with significant changes in the electrical conductivity of organic devices induced by the presence of small external magnetic fields at room temperature, being observed in various polymeric and molecular materials. In this study we have investigated the OMAR phenomenon in Alq3-based OLEDs. Electrical impedance spectroscopy tehcnique in the presence of an external static magnetic field (EIS-MF) was employed in the experiments; distinct tempertures were considered. Differentiated methods of acquisition and data manipulation were employed to remove te typically observed signal time dependence. The following magnetic field effects (MFE) were observed on the electrical response of the device: (i) a constant reduction of around 1% in the resistance over the entire frequency spectrum and; (ii) significant changes in the capacitance followed by an intensification of the negative capacitance effect at low frequencies. Simulations employing two different approaches were carried out for the interpretation of the experimental results: (i) Equivalent Circuits and (ii) Small Signal Analysis via numerical solutions of the Boltzmann transport equations by Drift-Diffusion approach. The results suggest that the observed MFE can be associated with an increase in the effective mobility of the charge carriers and a reduction in the biomolecular rate in the device. The results were interpreted in terms of...
Doutor
Demortain, Geneviève. "Etude physicochimique de composés amorphes obtenus par hypertrempe : interactions magnétiques dans les polytypes hexagonaux de la perovskite." Bordeaux 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1986BOR10652.
Full textSellier, Claire. "Structure et propriétés des oxydes quasi-1D β-SrxV6O15 : transition métal-isolant et gap de spin." Nantes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NANT2103.
Full textThe subject of this work is a study of the quasi-1D compounds SrxV6O15 (0. 5 x 1). These compounds is belong to the vanadium bronze family -AxV6O15 (A = Li+, Na+, Ag+, Cu+, Pb2+, Ca2+, Sr2+) discovered at the end of the fifties. Recently, the discovery of a metal-insulator transition and of superconductivity under pressure has triggered a renewal of interest for these mixed valence (V4+-V5+) compounds. This work presents a comprehensive study of the solid solution SrxV6O15 including synthesis, characterisation, structural and physical properties (magnetism, electrical conductivity) measurement. The isostructural and/or isoelectronic compounds CaxV6O15, PbxSr1-xV6O15 et NaxV6O15 were also studied as a comparison. The structural study shows an evolution of SrV6O15 crystallographic structure with temperature. A structural transition, associated with a metal-insulator transition (MIT) and charge ordering, appears at 170 K. DAFS (Diffraction Anomalous Fine Structure) spectroscopic measurements have been performed to try to determine charge ordering topology, which is a key issue to understand the physical properties of these compounds. Properties of SrxV6O15 have been studied in order to clarify the origin and mechanism of the MIT. Magnetic properties (macroscopic magnetic susceptibility, ESR, inelastic neutron scattering) which are different for monovalent or divalent A cation, confirm the existence of a spin gap in SrV6O15. Electrical conductivity measurements show the quasi-1D character and the polaronic nature carriers in SrV6O15. .
Bittar, Eduardo Matzenbacher. "Estudo das propriedades físicas locais e globais de compostos intermetálicos cúbicos de terras raras (R) : RT3 (T=Al, Cd, In, Sn)." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/278539.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin
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Resumo: Séries de compostos que apresentam a ocorrência de fenômenos físicos interessantes em materiais estruturalmente simples constituem uma excelente oportunidade para se estudar sistematicamente a inter-relação entre tais fenômenos e suas origens microscópicas, sem se ater a efeitos associados com estruturas cristalinas complexas, de mais baixa simetria. Nesse sentido, esta Tese se propôs a estudar três temas de investigação: o sistema CeIn3-xSnx e o seu análogo não magnético LaIn3-xSnx, o sistema CeIn3-xCdx e o composto YbAl3 e o seu composto de referência LuAl3. O sistema CeIn3-xSnx apresenta um ponto crítico quântico (QCP) em x ? 0.7, onde a ordem antiferromagnética (TN = 10 K no CeIn3) é totalmente suprimida. Para 0.7 < x < 2 os compostos são líquidos de Fermi e a partir de x = 2 apresentam valência intermediária. Nesse sistema, dopado com Gd3+, medidas de ressonância de spin eletrônico (ESR) indicaram que o elétron 4f do Ce passa de um comportamento com momento localizado para itinerante com a dopagem de Sn. Os resultados de ESR do Gd3+ no sistema LaIn3-xSnx foram analisados com um modelo de uma única banda (tipo s) e sem dependência com a transferência de momento. Também investigamos o sistema CeIn3-xCdx através de medidas de susceptibilidade magnética, calor específico e resistividade elétrica. A substituição do In por Cd diminui a TN do CeIn3 e igualmente faz o coeficiente do calor específico eletrônico decrescer, indicando que o sistema não está na direção de um QCP. Os compostos YbAl3 e LuAl3, dopados com Gd3+, também foram estudados por ESR, porém, na análise, utilizou-se um modelo de múltiplas bandas para explicar os resultados. Medidas de calor específico e susceptibilidade magnética, nessas amostras, mostraram que interações de troca elétron-elétron estão presentes em ambos os compostos. Esses resultados microscópicos podem ser importantes em modelos teóricos mais realistas para materiais férmions pesados de valência intermedi'aria a base de Yb
Abstract: Series of compounds which have interesting physical phenomena, occurring in structurally simple materials, provide an excellent opportunity to systematically study the interrelationship between these phenomena and their microscopic origins, without worrying about effects associated with other complex crystal structures of lower symmetry. Thus, this thesis set out to study three research themes: the CeIn3-xSnx system and its nonmagnetic analogue LaIn3-xSnx, the CeIn3-xCdx system and the YbAl3 compound and its reference compound LuAl3. The CeIn3-xSnx system has a quantum critical point (QCP) at x ? 0.7, where the antiferromagnetic order (TN = 10 K in CeIn3) is totally suppressed. For 0.7 < x < 2 the compounds are Fermi liquids and from x = 2 the materials show intermediate valence behavior. In this system, doped with Gd3+, measurements of electron spin resonance (ESR) indicated that the Ce 4f electron presents a crossover between a localized to itinerant behavior with Sn doping. The ESR results of Gd3+ in the LaIn3-xSnx system were analyzed with a single band model (s type) and no q dependence. We also investigated the CeIn3-xCdx system by measuring magnetic susceptibility, specific heat and electrical resistivity proprieties. The substitution of In by Cd decreases the TN of CeIn3 and also decreases the electronic specific heat coefficient, indicating that the system is not being tuned to a QCP. The YbAl3 and LuAl3 compounds, doped with Gd3+, were also studied by ESR, but in the analysis, we used multiband model to explain the results. Specific heat and magnetic susceptibility measurements in these samples showed that electron-electron exchange interactions are present in both compounds. These ESR results may be relevant to construct more realistic models of the microscopic behavior of other heavy fermion-based intermediate valence Yb compounds
Doutorado
Física da Matéria Condensada
Doutor em Ciências
Devoille, Laurent. "Contribution à l'étude des composés magnétiques isolants quasi-unidimensionnels CuGeO3 et NaV2O5 par mesures thermiques." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE10141.
Full textCHEBIRA, AMOR. "Etude de la dynamique des trous a l'echelle femtoseconde dans les semiconducteurs iii-v et ii-vi." Paris 11, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA112140.
Full textMaslana, Wiktor. "Ferromagnétisme induit par les porteurs dans des puits quantiques de (Cd,Mn)Te: étude spectroscopique du désordre." Grenoble 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10099.
Full textThe presence of a two-dimensional hole gas in a (Cd,Mn)Te quantum well induces a ferromagnetic interaction between the localized spins of the diluted magnetic semiconductor. We have developed a new method for the doping, which uses electron traps at the surface of the sample; this allows us to expand the range of experimentally accessible values of the density of carriers and of localized spins. The magnetic properties were measured through magneto-optical spectroscopy (photoluminescence). The critical temperature was measured to be higher than the Curie-Weiss temperature, which we tentatively ascribe to the presence of disorder. Local photoluminescence spectra allow us to draw maps of the spontaneous magnetization, of the carrier density and of the density of localized spins. The fluctuations of carrier density are larger in the surface-doped samples than in Nitrogen-doped samples, with a direct influence on the fluctuations of the spontaneous magnetization
Merino, Rafael Alejandro Cajacuri. "Propriedades magnéticas dos compostos de Laves Hf (Fe(1-x)Cr(x))2 e (Nb(1-x)Zr(x)) Fe2." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43134/tde-23042009-000241/.
Full textThe object of this research consists of investigating the structural, magnetic and hiperfine properties of the pseudobinar Laves phases compounds Hf(Fe(1-x)Cr(x))2 and (Nb(1-x)Zr(x))Fe2. We prepared polycristaline samples alloys and for synthesis melting in the concentrations: x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9 e 1.0, for the Hf(Fe(1-x)Cr(x))2 and in the concentrations: x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 e 0.5 for (Nb(1-x)Zr(x))Fe2. We melted them in an arc furnace under pure Argon (99.999%) gas atmosphere. We investigated the cristaline structure of the alloys by the powder XRD technique, obtaining lattice parameters and confirming the structure of hexagonal phase C14 for the samples Hf(Fe(1-x)Cr(x))2 in the concentrations 0.0 <= x <= 0.9 and also in all the other samples produced of (Nb(1-x)Zr(x))Fe2. We investigate the magnetic properties of Hf(Fe(1-x)Cr(x))2 alloys bye the technique of magnetization at low temperatures and low magnetic field applied until 7 T and high magnetic field applied until 16 T. The susceptibility AC and DC at low magnetic fields and temperatures of 4.2 K until 300 indicated that alloys of concentrations 0.4 <= x < 0.8 show spin glass behavior, in x <= 0.3 they are magnetic clusters with short range interactions, and in x = 0.9 is superparamagnetic. The values of the magnetic moments for atom of Fe were calculated for all samples. We measured Mössbauer spectra of the same samples of Hf(Fe(1-x)Cr(x))2 at room temperature, obtaning two sextets for the samples with x < 0.2 and two quadrupolar doublets for the other compositions, that would be attributed to the cristalographic sites 2a and 6h. Also the Mössbauer spectrum of the samples (Nb(1-x)Zr(x))Fe2 at temperature of 4.2 K without magnetic field applied and with magnetic field applied of 6 and 12 T, suggest that those compounds show coexisting ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic phases. We could note for the compound (Nb0.6Zr0.4)Fe2 a possible existence of the paramagnetic behavior in the Fe of the cristalographic site 2a, but the magnetic moment in this site is not zero.
TRAETTEBERG, OLA. "Le mode collectif de l'onde de densite de spin dans les composes (tmtsf)#2(asf#6)#1##x(sbf#6)#x." Paris 11, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA112141.
Full textDAUTEL, OLIVIER. "Role structurant du fluor organique par interaction d'exclusion : composes lamellaires de tetrathiafulvalenes fluores, de la chaine de spin au semi-conducteur." Nantes, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NANT2077.
Full textBOULANGER, DANIEL. "Theorie du champ de ligandes des coefficients de couplage orbite-reseau et spin-reseau des ions d**(5) dans les composes ii-vi." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066098.
Full textGrenier, Béatrice. "Etude des effets d'impuretes dans un systeme modele de basse dimensionnalite : le compose spin-peierls cugeo#3." Paris 11, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA112382.
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