Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Composés aromatiques polycycliques – Toxicologie'
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Botta, Céline. "Génotoxicité de la lumière visible (400-800 nm) et son rôle dans la photoactivation intracellulaire des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques." Aix-Marseille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX22951.
Full textAnzivino-Viricel, Lucie. "Evaluation des expositions et des effets sur la santé des salariés de deux centres de stockage des ordures ménagères." Chambéry, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CHAMS028.
Full textHealth risks related with landfiling municipal solid wastes are largely unknown. In the aim of obtaining more data, a multidisciplinary approach has been developed by the Health and Waste Network and applied to two sites. This original approach consists in : -a chemical and microbiological metrology of sourcves emissions ; -a metrology of selected pollutants and microorganism analysis in the ambiant air at several workplaces, as well as in immediate periphery and close to the first dwellings ;-a survey of health parameters of workers compared to non exposed employees in other commercial or industrial activities. In fact, concentrations of pollutants are low, with the exception of total dusts, manganese and microorganisms. The volatile organic compounds (VOC) are present on the alveola in exploitation, because of the traffic of diesel trucks. The same observation was done for PAHs, which are closed to the urban environement levels. High total dusts levels have been measured (but the levels of alveola were low). Manganese was the more representative metal. Concentrations of microorganisms were high (100 at 1000 times what one recovers in classic environment), with the presence of pollution picks, and characteristic monmorphic bacteria and fungi (Aspergillus and Penicillium). Respiratory symptoms and cutaneous irritation were more often observed among waste landfills workers than among non exposed workers, but no perturbation of the lung function was detected among them. The Stroop test shows a low effect on cognitive functioning in the exposed group. This study brings several elements of knowledge on the ambient air pollution in municipal household waste landfill, and their possible effects on health. It would be necessary to continue the investigations particularly on the sanitary effect of the microbiological pollution
@Exposure and health effects evaluation of workers of two municipal waste landfill
Tarantini, Adeline. "Modulation de la génotoxicité des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) en mélanges." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00456384.
Full textTarantini, Adeline. "Modulation de la génotoxicité des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) en mélanges." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE10268.
Full textPolycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) are atmospheric pollutants arising from incomplete combustion of organic matter. Residential heating, vehicle exhaust, cigarette smoke and industrial activities are the main sources of P AH in the environ ment. Sorne of these PAH are suspected or known carcinogens to humans like benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) which causes DNA damage. Most studies focused on the effect of individual P AH whereas human exposure al ways occurs through complex mixtures. This work aims at evaluating the modulation in vitro of the genotoxicity of P AH in mixtures, using in a cellular model of human hepatocytes (HepG2). To achieve this goal, biomarkers of genotoxicity such as the cornet assay measuring DNA strand breaks, and the HPLC/MS/MS measurement of DNA adducts of BPDE, the most reactive BaP metabolite, were chosen. Ln a first step, DNA damage induced by BaP as a pure compound or in binary mixture with other particulate P AH were investigated in order to higltlight the mode of interaction between these compounds. This study was then extended, in one hand to real atmospheric mixtures collected in the environment or inside industrial plants, and in another hand to the reconstructed corresponding particulate P AH fraction. Ln a last more applied part, suitability of those in vitro tests for the monitoring of the genotoxic risk associated with ambient air. This work emphasizes the need for a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying interactions between compounds, as well as the necessity to use mathematical modelling as a tool in the assessment of human health hazards posed by exposure to ambient air
Bonnard, Marc. "Relations "biodisponibilité-génotoxicité-écotoxicité" des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) dans les sols de friches industrielles." Thesis, Metz, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010METZ007S/document.
Full textThe aim of this work research was to show in formerly-contaminated coking plant soils a relationship between the bioavailability of soil pollutants (PAH and/or heavy metals), their genotoxicity and their populational effects in the Eisenia fetida earthworm. This study showed that despite a similar contamination studied soils exhibited a great difference in ecotoxicity to earthworms and other terrestrial organisms (plants, springtails). Differences in ecotoxicity of soils would be attributable to bioavailability of soil pollutants which is different between soils. This study also showed that thermal desorption applied on one of the contaminated soils increased bioavailability of heavy metals. Thermal desorption would modify 1) the nature and composition of soil organic matter, 2) the speciation of heavy metals, 3) links between soil organic matter and heavy metals, rendering them more bioavailable and genotoxic to earthworms. The biological-ecotoxicological approach, which takes into consideration the bioavailability of soil pollutants, reveals to be necessary in addition of the physico-chemical approach in the evaluation of 1) risks and 2) remediation efficiency of contaminated soils. This study also showed that the measure of DNA damage in coelomocytes of earthworms is a relevant biomarker in the evaluation of genotoxicity of soil pollutants. This biomarker of genotoxicity can be used as indicator of bioavailability of soil pollutants. It revealed more sensitive than survival and as sensitive as reproduction, which are classical endpoints measured in earthworms. This biomarker of genotoxicity could be used as early indicator of physiological disturbances, even if the mechanistic link between DNA damage and effects on reproduction require further studies
Wessel, Nathalie. "Etude des voies de bioactivation du benzo[a]pyrène et du fluoranthène chez la sole commune (Solea solea) : profil métabolique et toxicité." Nantes, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NANT2066.
Full textBarbeau, Damien. "Le 3-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrène urinaire en tant qu'indicateur biologique de l'exposition aux hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01061819.
Full textDjomo, Jean-Emmanuel. "Ecotoxicité en eau douce de certains hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) majeurs d'un pétrole brut : effets sur quelques organismes aquatiques tests." Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30016.
Full textPetit, Pascal. "De l'exposition professionnelle aux hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques à l'estimation du risque de cancers professionnels." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAS025/document.
Full textPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a family of organic carcinogens substances, ranked second amongst priority targeted pollutants in the environment as well as in occupational settings where around 1.6 million workers are exposed in France. Sanitary risks assessment (SRA) is paramount but remains difficult to set up considering that PAHs are always emitted in complex mixtures of gas and particles whose composition depends on emission sources.The goals of this PhD were to characterize exposures within industries (levels and chemical composition of PAHs mixtures) in order to assess the cancer risk from occupational exposure to PAHs mixtures. This work was performed using the Exporisq-HAP database (E-HAP) that gathers more than 1,700 airborne exposure data as well as 40 independent variables collected in 130 companies with the same methodology and coded by the same toxicologist for 20 years.To conduct the SRA, data were structured following two dimensions (homogeneity and description accuracy), enabling the construction of similar exposure groups (SEGs) and the descriptive analysis of the French industrial landscape. Using the benzo[a]pyrene as indicator (BaP, the most dangerous PAH), about 40% of the occupational activities (most accurate description level in E-HAP) could be considered as SEGs (geometric standard deviation ≤ 3). Adding a new description level increased this percentage to 87%. High variabilities existed between and within industries in terms of concentrations levels, chemical mixtures composition and risk (between 2 for bitumen to 500 times within foundries) caused by mono-exposure to PAHs (e.g., BaP, naphthalene…). This underlines the importance of collecting detailed information on occupational activities performed by workers to accurately describe and characterize exposures. In the second step, multi-exposures to PAHs were analyzed in terms of similar exposure function groups (SEFG based on several PAHs). Exposure functions (PAHs concentrations distributions) were used to describe the French PAHs industrial landscape, to construct markers of the multi-exposures to airborne PAHs and to perform the preliminary assessment of the cancer risk caused by these mixtures. Besides BaP, benzo[k]fluoranthene and benzo[ghi]perylene were found to be indicators of the multi-exposures to airborne carcinogenic PAHs, which was not the case for pyrene (gaseous and particulate forms), naphthalene and phenanthrene. SEFGs were made up of groups with the same source origin –either from products derived from coal (SEFGH) or petroleum (SEGFP). SEFGH (aluminum, silicon, carbon product, coke production, and foundry) had high concentration levels and high risk of lung cancer (between 100,000 to 1 risk to 1,000 to 1 risk to observe one additional case of lung cancer). It was different for SEGFP (engine emissions, lubricating oil, combustion, bitumen) that had between 100,000 to 1 risk to a million to 1 risk of additional lung cancer. To reduce cancer risks, risk management measures still need improvements in all SEFGH
Kimri, Saïd. "Contribution aux théories quantiques de la cancérisation par les hydrocarbures polycycliques aromatiques et leurs dérivés substitués." Rouen, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ROUES016.
Full textLiamin, Marie. "Exposition in vitro de lymphocytes T humains aux hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques : étude des effets immunotoxiques." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1B060/document.
Full textPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), such as benzo(a)pyrene (B[a]P), are ubiquitous environmental contaminants generated during organic matter combustion. These compounds have been associated with the development of toxic effects on human health, including carcinogenic and immunotoxic effects, mainly related to Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) activation. Among the immune system cells, T lymphocytes appear as major targets of PAHs. Previous results, obtained in the laboratory, have shown that activation of primary human T lymphocytes leads to a functional AhR expression increase, suggesting their ability to respond to PAH exposure. Our specific aims are: (1) to determine the effects of B[a]P on gene expression profiles in human normal lymphocytes by using large-scale approaches such as microarray-based transcriptome analysis, (2) to monitor the genotoxic and immunotoxic effects of B[a]P by measuring DNA damage and immunosuppressive actions, respectively and, (3) to analyze the modulation of these effects by the presence of other PAHs. Our work propose primary cultures of activated human T lymphocytes as a good model for studying both genotoxic and immunotoxic effects of environmental contaminants such as PAHs and predicting human health issues. It also gains a comprehensive insight into the immune response regulation after PAH exposure and provides potential new biomarkers of exposure to these environmental contaminants
Dor, Frédéric. "Validation de modèles d'estimation de l'exposition humaine aux polluants des sols : étude Solex : contribution à l'analyse de l'exposition professionnelle aux sols pollués." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE18006.
Full textLutier, Simon. "Développement et sélection de métabolites urinaires des Hydrocarbures Aromatiques Polycycliques en tant que biomarqueur d’exposition des populations." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAS001/document.
Full textPolycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous carcinogenic pollutants emitted into the atmosphere in complex mixtures constituted of gaseous PAHs and particulate PAHs. Urinary exposure biomarkers are most commonly used in order to perform human biomonitoring (HB) to PAHs, especially the 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) that is considered as the golden standard. However, its use to characterized mixture exposure is controversial. The 3-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene (3-OHBaP) is recently used because it is a metabolite of the benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), the only PAH classified as carcinogenic to humans. Monohydroxylated metabolites of the most abundant gaseous PAHs are also used to perform HB. The aim of this thesis was to develop and select a set of exposure biomarkers that enables a relevant and effective HB for both environmental and occupational exposures. Firstly, the 1-OHP and the 3-OHBaP which are used as exposure biomarkers of carcinogenic PAHs (mainly contained in the particulate phase) were studied. The variability of the emitted atmospheric mixtures, especially the relative abundance between the gaseous and the particulate phases complicates the use of the 1-OHP to assess specific carcinogenic PAH exposure. Indeed, 1-OHP urinary concentrations depend on atmospheric pyrene concentrations (a non-carcinogenic PAH) which is present in both phases. The study of urinary elimination kinetic of the 3-OHBaP revealed atypical elimination kinetics (as in rats) and confirmed that sampling time should be done 16 hours after the end of the shift. Thus, sampling is recommended at pre-shift of the last day worked. The study of diuresis adjustment confirmed the need to take into account the urine’s degree of dilution and that urinary creatinine adjustment is suitable to correct concentrations of the 1-OHP and the 3-OHBaP. HB in occupational sectors with low exposure can’t be performed with 3-OHBaP due to its low urinary abundance. Secondly, monohydroxylated metabolites of gaseous PAHs were compared to select relevant biomarkers for low occupational exposure. Among the compared metabolites, the 2-hydroxyfluorene and the 2-hydroxyphenanthrene were proposed because they are those that best reflect occupational exposure. However, these two metabolites were not specific of carcinogenic PAH exposure in the particulate phase. Finally, an analytical method of the (±)trans-anti-BaP-tetraol (Tetraol-BaP) was developed for routine application (the limit of quantification was 0,02ng/L). The first urinary analysis indicated that the Tetraol-BaP is at least as abundant as the 3-OHBaP and that it could be a relevant biomarker to assess carcinogenic risk. Indeed, the Tetraol-BaP is a product of toxic metabolism pathways of the BaP, which allows it to be closer to the toxic effect than the 3-OHBaP. This thesis highlights the difficulty to use a single biomarker to assess PAH mixture exposure due to their important variability and suggests different biomarkers that would characterize mixture PAH exposure
ROY, TERRE MARIANNE. "Etude du recepteur ah et de la proteine "4 s" liant les hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques." Toulouse 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU30037.
Full textBonnefoy, Aurélie. "Compréhension des mécanismes de formation des adduits exocycliques à l'ADN par les dérivés aromatiques nitrés." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX20682.
Full textExocyclic DNA adducts seem to be the indirect consequence, mediated by lipidperoxidation, of oxidative stress induced by nitro aromatic compounds (NACs). The latterusually formed in situ in environmental complex mixtures are a matter of concern inenvironmental health. The aim is to understand the mechanisms of formation and degradationof these adducts to assess their place in toxicity of NACs and their importance as oxidativestress biomarkers induced by the environment.We synthesized two exocylic adducts: 1, N²-etheno-2’-deoxyguanosine (εdG) and 1,N²-propano-2'-deoxyguanosine (pdG-HNE) and studied their stability when a radicaloxidation is present. It appeared that pdG-HNE seems a suitable biomarker of oxidative stress.To come close to life chemistry, we were wondering whether these adducts are stablein cellular environment. A preliminary study of genotoxicity was carried out and showed thatonly nitro polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons have a significant mutagenic potency. Thereforewe studied pyrene and nitropyrenes (1-Nitropyrene/1,3-Dinitropyrene/1,6-Dinitropyrene/1,8-Dinitropyrene) to examine their ability to produce adducts in human lymphocytes.Our results show that 1-Nitropyrene give rise to stable adducts in vitro, which raisesthe question of their repairability by cellular systems and their potential carcinogenic tohumans
Crépeaux, Guillemette. "Exposition périnatale à un mélange d'Hydrocarbures Aromatiques Polycycliques chez le rat : évaluation des effets neurotoxiques à court et à long terme." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0198/document.
Full textCompounds in the environment to which human is exposed mainly through ingestion of contaminated food. PAHs are known since the 1990s as being neurotoxic both in humans and in animals. PAH transfer between mother and fetus through the placenta, and the presence of these compounds in breast milk have been shown, thus raising the question of risk exposure occurring during early stages of development of the individual. Because this risk was only partially studied, the thesis presented in this manuscript was designed to assess the short-term and long-term toxicity for the developing nervous system, of a mixture of 16 PAHs ingested by the pregnant and / or breastfeeding rat. PAHs were administered via a contaminated food at two doses, 2 and 200 µg/kg /day dose. The lowest one corresponds to the levels of environmental contamination via the mother's diet during gestation and/or lactation. The results show that perinatal exposure to the mixture of PAHs did not induce short-term effects on neuromotor and sensory development on pups. In contrast, a long-term increase in activity and anxiety levels was observed in the exposed animals. In addition, changes in cerebral energy metabolism, as assessed by the enzymatic activity of cytochrome oxidase on brain sections taken at different ages were observed, particularly in the limbic system. Measures of the concentrations of PAHs in the pup brain compartment showed the presence of all the parent compounds, including control animals, suggesting the existence of an environmental noise significant. Finally, several factors modulate PAH toxicity, including the exposure period, and the administration of a mixture instead of a single molecule. In conclusion, this work has highlighted, in rats, delayed neurotoxicity due to early exposure to a mixture of 16 PAHs, which raises the question of risk to humans, and in particular for the individual developing exposure to such compounds
Shbair, Mohammed K. S. "Contribution of mass spectrometry for the detection of xenobiotics implicated in cases of drug-facilitated crimes and the quantitation of urinary metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons." Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00647316.
Full textLe, Bihanic Florane. "Effets des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques sur les stades précoces de poissons modèles : développement de bioessais et étude comparée de mélanges." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01068302.
Full textTerrat, Sébastien. "Nouveau design de sondes pour biopuces ADN fonctionnelles et caractérisation des capacités de biodégradation des communautés bactériennes de sols pollués par des hydrocarbures." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00629656.
Full textAlzabadi, Hamzeh. "Biomarkers of evaluation of complex environmental exposure : exposure assessment of sewage workers to genotoxicants." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN10008/document.
Full textSewage workers are exposed to a wide variety of mixtures of chemicals many were shown to be genotoxicants or carcinogens. The aim of this cross sectional study was to explore integrated biomarkers of exposure and of early effects among sewage workers in order to better assess their carcinogenic risk (Paper I-protocol). Paper II, describes the validation step performed prior to choose the cellular line that meet our objectives. Over 10 months and on weekly basis, we, a) assessed the personal exposure of sewage (n=34) and office (n=30) workers (control group) to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the air of workplaces, b) evaluated the genotoxicity of organic urine extracts by in vitro comet and micronucleus assays on Hep G2 cells, c) assessed the DNA oxidative stress by the 24h urinary 8 oxo 2' deoxyguanosine (8 oxodG) (Paper III). The tests showed greater genotoxicity in the urine extracts of sewage workers (P<0.001). The 24hr urinary 8 oxodG mean level in sewage workers was higher (nonsignificant, P=0.28) than office workers and its mean values were associated (P=0.04) with working years in sewage system. Workplace air concentrations of PAHs and VOCs were elevated in sewage compared to office workplaces (P<0.01) and resulted in an increased lifetime cancer risk using toxicity equivalent factors and inhalation unit risk of cancer. In conclusion, the applied integrated and non-specific urinary biomarkers show that sewage workers experience exposure to multiple genotoxicants at the workplace. It is not possible to simply link our results with the increased cancer risk in sewage workers
Chassard, Guillaume. "Interaction de l’ozone avec des particules carbonées : cinétiques de capture, dégradation des HAP et impact sur la réponse inflammatoire épithéliale." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10140.
Full textSoot particles, ubiquitous in the urban atmosphere, exhibit extreme chemical and morphological complexity. Adsorbed on their surface, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have a proven pulmonary toxicity. During atmospheric transport, they may, through oxidation and photolysis process, form oxygenated and nitrated products about which health impacts are not well known. We propose to characterize the atmospheric aging of soot particles and to study the impact of aging on the lungs. This work deals with the generation of soot models particles; laboratory simulation of aging by exposures to ozone; and the study of the inflammatory effects of aged or not particles on lung cells. In a first step a carbonaceous aerosol has been exposed to ozone in a flow reactor. The influences of contact time, initial ozone concentration, relative humidity, UV radiations and particle size were studied. The role of the atomic oxygen in the reaction mechanism was also evaluated. Then the heterogeneous reactivity between PAHs adsorbed on carbonaceous particles and ozone has been investigated. Degradation kinetics of particulate PAHs were thus performed. Finally, we studied the inflammatory response of PAHs alone or in particulate phase on lung cells by assay of pro-inflammatory interleukins. The effect of aging models particles and the role of pulmonary surfactant were evaluated
Chassard, Guillaume. "Interaction de l’ozone avec des particules carbonées : cinétiques de capture, dégradation des HAP et impact sur la réponse inflammatoire épithéliale." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10140/document.
Full textSoot particles, ubiquitous in the urban atmosphere, exhibit extreme chemical and morphological complexity. Adsorbed on their surface, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have a proven pulmonary toxicity. During atmospheric transport, they may, through oxidation and photolysis process, form oxygenated and nitrated products about which health impacts are not well known. We propose to characterize the atmospheric aging of soot particles and to study the impact of aging on the lungs. This work deals with the generation of soot models particles; laboratory simulation of aging by exposures to ozone; and the study of the inflammatory effects of aged or not particles on lung cells. In a first step a carbonaceous aerosol has been exposed to ozone in a flow reactor. The influences of contact time, initial ozone concentration, relative humidity, UV radiations and particle size were studied. The role of the atomic oxygen in the reaction mechanism was also evaluated. Then the heterogeneous reactivity between PAHs adsorbed on carbonaceous particles and ozone has been investigated. Degradation kinetics of particulate PAHs were thus performed. Finally, we studied the inflammatory response of PAHs alone or in particulate phase on lung cells by assay of pro-inflammatory interleukins. The effect of aging models particles and the role of pulmonary surfactant were evaluated
Perraudin, Emilie. "Réactivité des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) adsorbés sur des particules modèles d'intérêt atmosphérique : mesures cinétiques, développements analytiques et analyse des produits d'oxydation." Bordeaux 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR12919.
Full textBeauval, Nicolas. "Evaluation de l'impact sanitaire des cigarettes électroniques : caractérisation physicochimique des e-liquides et e-vapeurs." Thesis, Lille 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL2S015/document.
Full textThe electronic cigarette has been on the market for several years and enjoys a strong reputation. Existing scientific data tend to consider the e-cigarette as less toxic than its main counterpart, the conventional cigarette. However, the intrinsic impact of vaping on human health, in the short and long term, is not precisely known and is currently part of many Public Health debates.Since 2014, we have undertaken a project whose main objective is to study the health impact of the electronic cigarette using a multidisciplinary approach comprising physicochemical analysis and experimental toxicology. As part of this project, my work focused on the physicochemical characterization of e-liquids, from a unique commercial source, and their e-vapors, mainly based on the identification and quantification of potentially-toxic compounds. Regarding the current lack of reference methods, this analysis requires a high level of control and robustness of the entire measurement chain, from generation to analysis methods, especially for e-vapor study.Considering the potential health impact of metallic trace elements (MTEs), we first developed and validated a method allowing the simultaneous dosage of 15 MTEs in e-liquids by ICP-MS. The e-liquid, a viscous organic matrix, is a source of significant matrix effects which must be corrected by the addition of matrix in the calibration step, in a suitable proportion. The method was fully validated according to the recommendations of the French Accreditation Committee and the US Environmental Protection Agency and demonstrated satisfactory robustness parameters.Six e-liquids and their respective e-vapors, generated via a smoking/vaping machine, were then analysed to detect and quantify their main ingredients (propylene glycol, glycerol and nicotine) and various potentially-toxic pollutants (15 MTEs, 50 pesticides, 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and 3 carbonyl compounds). Each e-liquid composition was in accordance with that announced by the manufacturer and contained few pollutants, at trace levels. In the e-vapors, 3 carbonyl compounds, 2 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and 4 MTEs (Sb, Cd, Cr and Pb) were found at concentrations 7 to 6126-fold lower than those measured in the mainstream smoke of the reference cigarette 3R4F, analysed under comparable conditions (except for chromium and antimony which were not detectable in the 3R4F smoke).The vaping regimen, that is mainly based on the volume, the duration and the frequency of puffs, is strongly suspected to participate to the large observed variability of the e-vapor chemical composition between different published data. Through focusing on the analysis of a unique family of compounds with health impact, we demonstrated, on the one hand, that the vaping regimen has some influence on the carbonyl composition of e-vapors and, on the other hand, that vaping regimens are not all suitable for any type of e-cigarette models.This work has contributed to improve the current knowledge on the physicochemical characterization of e-cigarette emissions. Globally, the e-cigarettes and e-liquids tested emit and/or generate few potentially-toxic compounds, at concentrations lower than those observed in conventional cigarette smoke. Our findings satisfy partly the urgent need of optimization and harmonization of the analytical practices used to study e-cigarettes and their emissions. They should thus contribute to the establishment of reference methods that will allow and facilitate the interpretation and comparison of data, which vary significantly across the literature
Dontot, Léo. "Propriétés structurales et spectroscopiques des agrégats d'hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/4526/.
Full textModeling of neutral or cationic molecular clusters remains a challenge in ab initio approaches as soon as the molecules involved are large or when their number exceed several units. We develop, in this thesis, a mixed method based on the combination of the DFTB method, an approximation of the Density Functional Theory (DFT), with a Configuration Interaction (CI). This method (DFTB-CI) provides an original and efficient approach to obtain a correct description of the charge resonance within cationic clusters. The application to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons clusters is of interest in various fields such as physics and chemistry of the interstellar medium, chemistry of the atmosphere and also combustion processes. This work has enabled the description of structural properties of the ground state of neutral and cationic clusters of pyrene and coronene containing up to ten molecules. A multi-method strategy has been implemented in order to efficient search for the most stable structures with the global exploration algorithm "Parallel Tempering Monte Carlo". In addition to the structural properties, we have determined the quantities characterizing the stability of these clusters (binding and dissociation energies) as well as their electronic properties such as the dependency of the ionization potentials on the size in good agreement with experimental results. Finally, we propose an extension to the DFTB-CI model in order to compute the excited states of molecular clusters. The results on dimers are found in good agreement with ab initio calculations. An application to small cationic clusters of benzene and pyrene presents the determination of their electronic absorption spectra
St, Amour Marie. "Surveillance biologique de l'exposition aux hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques chez des personnes vivant aux environs d'une aluminerie québécoise." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 2000.
Find full textSaas, Philippe. "Mécanisme d'action de l'immunotoxicité induite par les hydrocarbures polycycliques aromatiques." Metz, 1997. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1997/Saas.Philippe.SMZ9736.pdf.
Full textPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are ubiquitus environmental contaminants know to be carcinogenic as well as immunosuppressive. Using as PAH the synthetic compound 7. 12-dimetthylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) that is well characterised for its immunotoxicity in mice, we study DMBA interaction with T lymphocyte activation focusing mainly on calcium homeostasis. DMBA induces an increase in intracellular calcium (Ca2+ic) in murine T lymphocytes and also human T lymphocytes. This Ca2+ic elevation is detected early in murine T cells whereas this augmentation is observed later in human T cells. In murine T lymphocytes, DMBA induced calcium elevation follows tyrosine kinase activation and inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate production. This leads to calcium depletion of the endoplasmic reticulum. Furthermore, DMBA also blocks extracellular calcium entry. Thus, reduction of calcium mobilisation by DMBA is responsible to altered T cell proliferation in response to mitogens. In the second part of this study, we have defined the structural requirements for suppression of murine T lymphocyte activation by DMBA using two benz(a)anthracene monomethylated derivatives, 7-methylbenz(a)anthracene (7MBA) and 12-methylbenz(a)anthracene (12MBA). We show that DMBA is the more active for suppressing T cell activation. Like its two derivatives, DMBA inhibits molecular events that lead to G0 toG1 transition of the cell cycle (il-2 production, high affinity il-2 receptor expression). However, only DMBA interferes with G1 to S transition by inhibiting il-2 dependent proliferation. The methyl in position 12 is necessary to modify calcium homeostasis in murine T lymphocytes, since 12 MBA acts in the same way as DMBA unlike 7MBA which does not increase Ca2+ic. Finally, immunosuppression of human peripheral blood lymphocytes and murine splenocytes is compared following DMBA in vitro exposure. NK cytotoxicity, T cell proliferation, cytotoxic T lymphocyte induction and function are affected by DMBA whatever the origin of the cells (human or murine) despite a different mechanism of DMBA with calcium homeostasis in murine and human cells
Besnier, Marie-Annick. "Les hydrocarbures polycycliques aromatiques dans les viandes et lespoissons fumés." Nantes, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NANT405P.
Full textGrova, Nathalie. "Transfert et métabolisme des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques chez le ruminant laitier." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPL086N.
Full textPolycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are lipophilic, persistant and ubiquitous compounds in the environment. Exposed fodder becomes a PAHs route for lactating ruminants. A first experiment was aimed to evaluate the influence of feeding system on PAHs levels in cows' milk. The results showed that grass generals a more important PAHs exposition than maize fodder. A second experiment was focused on PAHs transfer from feed to milk in controlled conditions. Among the 16 PAHs of the US-EPA list, only light compounds with less than 5 aromatic rings were detected in milk. Their transfer levels decreased from 30 % to 1 %
Quelven, Emmanuelle. "Mise au point d'un dosage immuno-enzymatique des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques." Aix-Marseille 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX30122.
Full textBuco, Stéphanie. "Métrologie de la contamination des sols par les hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques." Aix-Marseille 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX30098.
Full textThe Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are proven to be major pollutants because of their mutagenic and carcinogenic properties. These compounds raised up many "on-site" or laboratory methods developments. The in situ methods are used for a rapid screening of contaminated soils and can be completed by laboratory analyses to give more accuracy. The aim of this study was to develop new methods with the minimization of the "on-site" and laboratory methods drawbacks which are respectively low accuracy, cost and analysis time. It appears from our laboratory study that the Curie-point pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Cpp-GC/MS) is an efficient alternative method for the PAHs determination. We obtained similar results compared to classical methods, with short operating time and without solvent consumption. The in situ methodology is based on a "on-site" extractor, developed during this work and UV spectrophotometric measurements (Pastel-UV). This methodology has proved to be a fast, quantitative and qualitative screening of contaminated soils by PAHs. The results show that our "on-site" extractor is more efficient than the usual "hand shaking" methods. A correlation was established between laboratory and "on-site" results to near to real PAHs concentration
Amer, Ahmed Khalil Souliman. "L'influence des interactions physico-chimiques des Hydrocarbures Aromatiques Polycycliques (HAP) avec les constituants des sols sur leur mobilité et leur transfert dans l'environnement." Nancy 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NAN10010.
Full textThe study of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAHs) mobility and transfers is of high interest for the risk assessment of contaminated soils and sites. Emitted from different sources, PAHs are mainly produced through human activities. But they can be classified in three main categories : biogenic PAHs, petrogenic PAHs, and pyrogenic PAHs. Due to their toxicological hazard, PAHs sometimes represent a risk for human health. There are many methods available in the litterature for predicting the water solubility of PAHs or their partitionning between water and organic substances. Some detailed studies in pharmaceutical sciences allow now to better estimate their thermodynamical properties from molecular structure data. Nevertheless, validated applications of theses results are limited to relatively simple systems compared to industrial soils ones. We have studied the PAHs mobility by solubilization and their transfer by diffusion in materials potentially contaminated by coal tar in the presence of diverse organic substances in the aqueous phase (toluene, phenol or AH) or in non aqueous phase liquids (tars ou natural H. S). We have developed a specific approach for PAHs in complex matrices. This development reaches the statement of a conceptual model in which thermodynamical equilibrium constraints between phases can be quantified and described with numerical models. An experimental approach targetted on the case of phenanthrene gives results which allow the discussion of model application for a better understanding of phenomena driving PAHs solubilization and diffusive transfer
Verrhiest, Ghislaine. "Toxicité de sédiments d'eau douce contaminés par des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAPs)." Chambéry, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CHAMS018.
Full textMeudec, Anna. "Exposition au fioul lourd chez Salicornia fragilis Ball et Tutin : contamination chimique par les HAPs et réponses biologiques de la plante." Brest, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BRES2008.
Full textCoastal vegetations are directly exposed to accidental marine pollution by oil hydrocarbons. The impact of such pollution on vegetation differs according to the type of exposure and to the physico-chemical properties of pollutant. Short-term physical effects of heavy fuel oil on plants were described but its long-term chemical effects on plant physiology remain unknown. Salicornia fragilis Ball and Tutin, edible plant located on the interdidal zone with the edge enters the slikke and the schorre, is artificially exposed to n°6 heavy fuel oil or either by polluted sediments, or by the coating of the aerial parts. The effects of petroleum on glasswort are various and plant responses directly PAHs from fuel oil involves the contamination of plant tissues inducing a chemical toxicity in addition to the known physical effects of oil. Thus, the exposure of glasswort to fuel oil generates stress, which is expressed by the reductions of growth and leaded to the disturbances in cellular physiology and metabolism of the plants. In spite of these, the plants are able to resist about the pollutant thanks to fast cellular responses and the establishment of enzymatic systems of detoxification such as the glutathione-S-transferase for metabolisation of PAHs and the superoxide dismutase in response to an oxidative stress. Metabolites of PAHs are thus detected in glasswort tissues contaminated by PAHs after their culture in artificially polluted sediments
Miet, Killian. "Etude expérimentale de la dégradation hétérogène des Composés Aromatiques Polycycliques (CAP) d'intérêt troposphérique." Phd thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00424794.
Full textGuilloteau, Angélique. "Etude multiphasique de polluants organiques aromatiques : répartition des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques dans les suies et formation d’aérosols dans l'ozonolyse du catéchol." Orléans, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ORLE2065.
Full textDavach, de Thèze Jean-François. "Vapoconversion catalytique sélective de produits aromatiques en présence de composés soufrés." Lyon 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO10521.
Full textDauvergne, Guillaume. "Hydrocarbures polycycliques aromatiques et chiralité : synthèse et modélisation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2022. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/220114_DAUVERGNE_514pegpm797ly207jyhru699kmoiq_TH.pdf.
Full textIn this manuscript, we describe how we have developed the chemistry of aryne atropisomers with an ortho reactive triple bond to the stereogenic axis. These reaction intermediates are easily generated in situ and react in enantiospecific manners, and allow the synthesis of novel atropisomers. In particular, we describe the generation and applications of a synthetic equivalent of a BINOL-derived bis(aryne) atropisomer, as well as the semi-experimental measurement of the reaction barrier of such arynes in the presence of a standard arynophile. At the end of the manuscript, we describe our efforts to develop a synthetic approach to two regioisomers triple helices
Beaulieu, Juliette. "Composés naphténiques et naphténoaromatiques des gazoles et émissions de particules : étude des schémas de formation de particules en fonction de la nature des composés naphténiques et naphténoaromatiques des gazoles." Orléans, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ORLE2044.
Full textLemiere, Sébastien Vasseur Paule Cossu-Leguille Carole. "Intérêts du test des comètes pour l'évaluation de la génotoxicité environnementale." Metz : Université Metz, 2008. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/2004/Lemiere.Sebastien.SMZ0405.pdf.
Full textGoulay, Fabien. "Etudes de réactions d'hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques par la méthode CRESU." Rennes 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN10061.
Full textJouannin, Frédéric. "Etude de la mobilité des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) contenus dans un sol industriel pollué." Lyon, INSA, 2004. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2004ISAL0036/these.pdf.
Full textThe aim of this work was to study the mobility of PAH contained in a polluted industrial soil. After having established the physical and chemical features of the soil, the various lixiviation tests have revealed that both dissolved and particulate pollutants were concerned by the mobility of PAH. In spite of a heavy pollution of the soil, the release of dissolved PAH is limited particularly when the temperature during lixiviation is about 15°C. On the opposite, the release is quite significant when the particulate part is taken into account. The study revealed that the release of the dissolved part is regular, even with time whereas is temporary. It occurs when ionic strength of the leaching is low enough and it ends when there is no more particulate PAH in the soil
Jacob, Véronique. "Etude de la dégradation d'hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques légers en présence d'aérosols de natures diverses : modélisation sur le naphtalène." Grenoble 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989GRE10112.
Full textDelorme, Marion. "Réactions de cycloaddition métallocatalysées : réactivité des γ-alkylidènebuténolides et γ-alkylidènebutyrolactames." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0530.
Full text[2+2+2] cycloaddition reaction is one of the most efficient and the most elegant tool to rapidly acces aromatic or heteroaromatic polycyclic compounds as well as cyclohexa-1,3-diene derivatives. In this work, the aim was to carry out [2+2+2] cycloaddition reactions using transition metal complexes on specific enediyne type system containing γ-alkylidenebutenolid core. The objective of the use of this kind of system was to synthetise spirocyclic compound. This moeity can be found in naturel or synthetic products with bioligicals activities. First this system has been used in an intermolecular way then in an intramolecular version. Various tests have demonstrated a versatile reactivity by obtaining various and unexpected compounds depending on the nature of the metal complexe used. In the intermolecular version, it is possible to use different alternatives by using either a cobalt catalyst. In the intramolecular version, via the use of cobalt complex, unexpected tetracyclic cobalt (III) complexes were obtained from γ-alkylidenebutenolides. The use of γ-alkylidenebutyrolactams allowed the synthesis of spirocyclic cobalt complexes
Delorme, Marion. "Réactions de cycloaddition métallocatalysées : réactivité des γ-alkylidènebuténolides et γ-alkylidènebutyrolactames." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0530.
Full text[2+2+2] cycloaddition reaction is one of the most efficient and the most elegant tool to rapidly acces aromatic or heteroaromatic polycyclic compounds as well as cyclohexa-1,3-diene derivatives. In this work, the aim was to carry out [2+2+2] cycloaddition reactions using transition metal complexes on specific enediyne type system containing γ-alkylidenebutenolid core. The objective of the use of this kind of system was to synthetise spirocyclic compound. This moeity can be found in naturel or synthetic products with bioligicals activities. First this system has been used in an intermolecular way then in an intramolecular version. Various tests have demonstrated a versatile reactivity by obtaining various and unexpected compounds depending on the nature of the metal complexe used. In the intermolecular version, it is possible to use different alternatives by using either a cobalt catalyst. In the intramolecular version, via the use of cobalt complex, unexpected tetracyclic cobalt (III) complexes were obtained from γ-alkylidenebutenolides. The use of γ-alkylidenebutyrolactams allowed the synthesis of spirocyclic cobalt complexes
Kolasa, Élise. "Modulation des effets œstrogéniques et cytokiniques de contaminants environnementaux (hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques)." Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1S144.
Full textPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) such as benzanthracene (BZA) are widespread environmental contaminants, exerting carcinogenic effects and endocrines disruptions. Humans are commonly exposed to these pollutants through food and tobacco smoke. The toxic effects of PAH are likely to be modulated by the cellular microenvironment, which includes – in physiological situation – hormones, cytokines, but also other toxic pollutants that humans are potentially exposed to. However, these modulations of PAH's phenotypic effects remain insufficiently characterized, and were therefore studied during this thesis. First, our work shows that the estrogenic effects of BZA are strongly modulated by the activation of the non-genomic signaling pathway protein kinase C (PKC) – however the nature of the modulation depends on targets. Second, we have demonstrated that the cytokinic microenvironment – in particular tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) – induces, in combination with BZA, the expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6), a cytokinine that can promote tumor progression. This regulation involves the hydrocarbon receptor and the transcription factor NF-κB. In conclusion, our results indicate that the toxic effects of PAH should be assessed in fucntion of exposure conditions, in particular with a potential co-exposure to contaminants that activate PKC, or pathophysiological context, notably inflammatory conditions
Marie-Rose, Stéphane Charlery. "Utilisation des zéolithes comme filtre catalytique des polluants organiques persistants." Poitiers, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009POIT2331.
Full textThis study deals with the catalytic oxidation of 1-methylnaphtalene (1. MN) a modele molecule of polycyclics aromatics hydrocarbons (PAHs) over USHY faujasite zeolite doped or not with platinium. The aim of this study was the use of the USHY zeolite as catalytic filter for the destruction of persistant organic pollutants (POPs) fromm incineration processes. In a first time we evaluated the potential of the USHY zeolite for the destruction of 1-MN alone into carbon dioxide and water, then in the presence of 1. 2-dichlorobenzene, a precursor of dioxin and finally in the presence of a complex mixture of HCI, NO, SO2 and NH3
Verdun, Francis. "Analyses des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques in situ et étude de l'ionisation en phase solide avec effets de résonance par microsonde laser lamma." Metz, 1985. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1985/Verdun.Francis.SMZ8507.pdf.
Full textNguyen, Mai Lan. "Etude de réactions d'hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques adsorbés sur les suies avec les oxydants atmosphériques O3, NO2 et OH." Orléans, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ORLE2044.
Full textAbdelhay, Arwa. "Développement d'un bioréacteur biphasique pour la dégradation du phénanthrène par Mycobacterium 6PY1 sp." Grenoble INPG, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPG0121.
Full textThe overall objective outlined in the work of this thesis is to evaluate the potential of a two-phase partitioning bioreactor TPPB supplemented with an aeration system equipped with static mixers, for the biodegradation of phenanthrene (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon model). Preliminary steps were devoted to the physiological adaptation of the Mycobacterium sp. 6PY1 in sole subtrate system and to the optimisation of the operating conditions. The fundamental results gained in these preliminary steps were applied to phenanthrene degradation in the TPPB combined with the aeration system involving static mixers. It was found that this system is efficient for complete phenanthrene degradation. Furthermore, integrating static mixers in the indicated system enhances both the biodegradation rate by 15% and the biomass production by 21%