Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Composés organiques – Microorganismes – Croissance'
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Neill, Cathy. "Interactions écologiques entre les processus de décomposition des matières organiques des sols : modélisation et inférence bayésienne." Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20053.
Full textDesrut, Antoine. "Mécanismes moléculaires impliqués dans les interactions entre Arabidopsis thaliana et des rhizobactéries bénéfiques : Implication du transport de sucres ?" Thesis, Poitiers, 2019. http://theses.univ-poitiers.fr/63024/2019-Desrut-Antoine-These.
Full textPlants live in close relationships with complex populations of microorganisms, including rhizobacteria species commonly referred to as Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR). PGPR able to confer to plants an improved productivity but the molecular mechanisms involved in this process remain largely unknown. Using an in vitro experimental system, the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, and the well characterized PGPR strain Pseudomonas simiae WCS417r, we have carried out a comprehensive set of phenotypic, gene expression, and biochemical analyses. Our results show PsWCS417r induces major transcriptional changes in sugar transport and in other key biological processes linked to plant growth, development and defense. Using a reverse genetic approach, we also demonstrate that AtSWEET11 and AtSWEET12, two sugar transporter genes whose expression is down-regulated by the PGPR, are functionally involved in its plant-growth promoting effects. Altogether, our findings reveal regulation of plant sugar transport plays a crucial role in determining the fate of plant-rhizobacteria interactions. We extended our study to two other PGPR and a non PGPR strain. Overall, our results show that all three bacterial strains tested are able to alter the expression of several plant sugar transporter genes (essentially genes of the AtSWEET and AtERD6-like families), either in roots or in shoot, and either in physical contact with the seedling roots or via the production of volatile compounds only. Altogether, our findings reveal conserved and strain-specific trancriptional regulation of sugar transport during plant-PGPR interactions. Lastly, we report the identification and characterization of a Bacillus megaterium endophytic strain, RmBm31, isolated from root nodules of the legume species Retama monosperma. Our study reveals RmBm31 is an IAA-producing endophytic bacterium that possess a large set of genes associated with plant growth promoting traits. Using the model plant species Arabidopsis, we demonstrate this strain display beneficial effects on plant growth and root development via the production of volatile compounds. These effects seem to involve auxin-independent signaling mechanisms
Rapp, Delphine. "Devenir du prion dans les sols : rôle des micro-organismes protéolytiques." Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10223.
Full textBecause soil can be contaminated with the infectious agent of the Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies, study of the fate of the prion in soil has to be studied. Our objective was to evaluate the ability of soil microorganisms to degrade a recombinant prion proten (β recPrP). The temporal dynamics of soil proteolytic activity was monitored following an input animal organic matter of increased complexity (casein, lamb brain, buried carcasses). We showed that soil proteolytic activity was rapidly stimulated, with an enrichment of bacterial community with Bacillus sp. Proteolytic enzymes participating to the degradation of recPrP β in vitro and in soil were revealed. This study brought to the factors which could contribute to limit the persistence of the prion in soil, and which has to take into account in the soil contamination management
Stein, Nicolas. "Couplage des techniques ellipsométriques et électrochimiques pour l'étude de la réactivité de métaux : application à la croissance de films de sulfate de plomb et d'heptanoate de cuivre." Metz, 1997. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1997/Stein.Nicolas.SMZ9742.pdf.
Full textThe ellipsometry is a non destructive optical method for surface analysis. The aim of this work was to apply the ellipsometry to the analysis of the film growth by electrochemical techniques. After introducing the theoretical background of the ellispometry, a first technological stage was consisted to an adaptation of electrochemical and optical devices. The ellipsometry is an indirect technique of surface analysis, whose exploitation of results is based on the utilization of models. We have described the main models according to the state of analysed surface. In the first experimental part, the process of lead sulphate film formation on Pb electrode in 0. 5M H2SO4 by imposed constant potential was investigated by in situ ellipsometric. The polishing quality of lead electrode surface was previously evaluated by spectroscopic ellispometric measurements. The results of the present work confirm that the passive film have a two-layer lead sulphate structure. The growth mechanism of the inner layer is explained by a nucleation and three dimensional growth model. The inner layer appears appears to be porous and Pb2+ ions diffuse through this semi-impermeable barrier. As consequence, an outer layer of larger crystals was observed. The second study was the inhibition of cooper in a desaerated sodium heptanoate solution by electro-oxidation. Rp measurements were carried out to compare inhibition efficiency using this original method with that based on other usual chemical oxidation methods. In situ spectroscopic and kinetic ellipsometric measurements was performed to study the copper passivation mechanism. The copper inhibition is attributed to the formation of a protective layer composed of a mixture of copper II heptanoate and copper hydroxide. The thickness of the passive film was evaluated at 14 nm. Two growth rates were observed during the passivation process and a model of a duplex layer was proposed
Germain, Corinne. "Nature, réactivité et biodégradation des matières organiques associées aux argiles d'un bassin sédimentaire." Nancy 1, 1995. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1995_0165_GERMAIN.pdf.
Full textThe organic matter of 20 clay samples representative of a sedimentary basin was studied. It appears to be humic substances constituted by fulvie acids (4 to 32 %) and humic acids (2 to 58 %). The results lead to propose a typology of these kaolins. In that way three groups are distinguished relatively to the organic carbon, fulvie and humic acids contents. The humic acids, particularly studied, present condensed and polyaromatic structures. Their total N contents are relatively low. . They are rich in oxygen-containing functional groups (especially carboxylic and phenolic), Moreover, they are easily oxydable during pyrolysis at medium temperature (250°C to 350°C). Under favourable conditions (moisture, temperature, mineraI nu trient inputs), the autochtonous microbial communities grow rapidly by using organic matter associated to the clay as carbon an energy source. Some of the micro-organisms involved appear to he oligotrophic. Depending on the organic matter constituents and for relatively short-time incubations, heterotrophic bacteria are able to mineralize in C02 12 to 25 %of the organic matter. This activity promotes the production of microbial biomass and polysacharidic hydrosoluble compounds. It also leads to the transformation of humic acids essentially by oxidation of polyaromatic structures. The stimulation of heterotrophic micro-organisms promotes the biodegradation and biotransformation of highly recalcitrant organic matter. After the biodegradation of organic matter, the clay thermie properties are still the same but the suspension viscosity seems to he slightly modified and the whiteness, a main quality of the kaolins, is improved
Perchet, Geoffrey-Thibault. "Étude de bioremédiation de sédiments contaminés par des composés organiques nitrés persistants." Toulouse, INPT, 2008. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000623/.
Full textThis work presents a bioremediation study of a sludge resulting from a lagoon having received explosive (Hexogen and Octogène) and herbicide (Dinoseb and Dinoterb) wastewater during several decades. First of all, a physico chemical characterization of the sludge made it possible to evaluate the properties of sludge to be decontaminated (pH, carbon %, nitrogen %. . . ). Thereafter, a microbiological characterization of the sludge let us to identify the microbial species present in the sediment (in particular Leclercia adecarboxylata, Pseudomonas citronellolis and Pseudomonas putida). A mixed process of aero-anaerobic reactor was developed and made it possible to degrade nitrophenols and nitramines after 105 days of study. Microorganisms identification in the sludge and in the bioremediation tests made it possible to establish correlations between the bacterial species and their role of degradation of some products
Marchand, Pierre. "Dépollution d'effluents gazeux halogénés par des microorganismes déshydratés en réacteur solide/gaz : étude de la stabilité du biocatalyseur." La Rochelle, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LAROS260.
Full textThe aim of this work was to determine and quantify phenomena involved in the loss of stability of a catalyst prepared from whole dehydrated cells and used for the direct and continuous dehalogenation of gaseous VOCs. The study of the biocatatalyst instability revealed that (i) whole cells stay alive only few hours with selected operational conditions (temperature, aw, salt buffer borate concentration) but that the dehalogenases performances are not linked to this strong mortality (ii) the organic substrate and product of the reaction (1 chlorobutane et 1 butanol) do not sorb on the catalytic bed and do not inactivate the hydrolysis in the gas phase (iii) the important rehydration of the catalyst is responsible of thermal denaturation of a part of DhaA at 40°C (iv) all the HCl producted is retained by the biocatalyst and consequently reversibly inactivate it. Observation of the biocatalyst highlights that the behaviour of the biocatalyst can be explained by the existence of two different micro-environments for the enzymes (DhaA). Indeed this complex biocatalyst contains 50% of borate buffer salts that act as support for dehydrated cells. During rehydration, part of DhaA remains in the cellular matrix environment and is denaturated and another part is stabilized by a direct contact with borate buffer salts. The lyophilised cellular extract show a stability of 1 800 hours (75 days). The direct contact between salt and DhaA allow to avoid thermal denaturations and inactivation by HCl accumulation
Lopez, Gérald. "Contribution à l'étude de l'α-L-arabinofuranosidase AbfD3 : synthèse chimique de nouveaux donneurs de glycofuranosyle activés et transglycosylation enzymatique." Rennes 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006REN1S094.
Full textDelsol, Régis. "Etude de la croissance et des propriétés des couches minces organosiliciées, obtenues dans un plasma multipolaire à résonance cyclotronique électronique répartie." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30021.
Full textAbyan, Mouhammad. "Effet des polymères sur la croissance et les propriétés optiques de microcristaux organiques luminescents." Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30143.
Full textOrganic microcrystals were prepared from a fluorescent compound, 4-n-octylamino-7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole (NBD-C8), using the reprecipitation method based on solvent exchange. The use of this dye allowed all the steps of the reprecipitation process to be followed by various optical methods. We showed that the addition of synthetic polymers to the reprecipitation medium was an original way to control the shape and the size of the organic microcrystals formed. In the presence of these additives, the reprecipitation process was strongly accelerated. The method allowed us to obtain several homogeneous samples of microcrystals. Which were studied by absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. Our approach is interesting for better understanding the optical properties of organic compounds of micrometric size, which are still very badly known. It can also be used in the pharmaceutical field, to control the size of drug particles and to facilitate their solubilization
Vaïtilingom, Mickaël. "Rôle des microorganismes des nuages dans la chimie atmosphérique. Comparaison avec la chimie radicalaire." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00783928.
Full textLatreche, Mohamed. "Contribution à l'étude des procédés de croissance de films minces obtenus par plasma RCER à partir de monomères organosiliciés." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30037.
Full textLabidi, Fathi. "Préparation et étude de couches minces de fluorure de lanthane destinées à la réalisation de membranes sensibles pour capteurs." Bordeaux 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR10585.
Full textAchour, Faouzia. "Caractérisation de la matière organique dans les ordures ménagères : recherche d'indicateurs de stabilité." Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2008ISAL0058/these.pdf.
Full textThe concept of the sanitary storage rises progressively toward “sustainable landfill". The objective is to avoid transmitting sanitary risk from a generation to another. To meet this objective, two processed of acceleration of organic matter degradation are proposed: mechanical-biological pretreatment and leach ate recirculation. These two processes goal are to stabilize more quickly the stored waste. Nevertheless, the notion of waste stability is still not well defined. The aim of this PhD thesis is to finalize a multi criteria characterization methodology: global, chemical, biological and thermal one, in order to describe the organic matter degradation with objectivity. This methodology applied on different waste having undergone various treatments of aerobic and anaerobic stabilization has permitted to value the impact of these processes on the waste degradation. On the other hand, the data analysis on the different studied wastes has showed the most applicable tests to define the state of organic matter degradation of waste
Haidon, Blaise. "Synthèse de complexes d’actinides à propriétés physico-chimiques contrôlées pour la fabrication de combustibles oxyde." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10086.
Full textConsidering the treatment and recycling of future nuclear fuels, the oxalic conversion, which is used at an industrial scale for plutonium (IV) reprocessing, is the synthesis route considered as a reference for the future actinides oxides elaboration. In order to improve this process, based on the actinide oxalate precipitation and the calcination of the precipitate into oxide, a control of the solid properties at the precipitation step is necessary. This is particularly due to the impact of the oxalate morphology at all the stages of the process, up to the calcination at which the oxalate morphology is kept. This study deals with morphology modulations of tetravalent actinides oxalates, thorium (IV) and plutonium (IV), by addition of organic compounds in the precipitation medium. Several impacts of selected “CHON” additives were identified. The molecules, chosen among the actinides complexing and precipitating agents, can act on the crystal structure of the precipitates, the particles morphology, their size and/or their agglomeration. Solid-state analyses combined with the measurements of solubility, nucleation rates, crystal growth rates and agglomeration kernels, allow to shed light on the mechanisms underlying the morphology modulations. This work shows some differences between the behavior of thorium (IV) oxalate and plutonium (IV) oxalate systems. Their origins are discussed in the manuscript. The multidisciplinary methodology developed during this work leads to suggest how to re inforce the additives morphological impacts which can be useful in view of a transposition to other chemical systems, especially other actinides or mixed actinides oxalates
Cloitre, Thierry. "Elaboration par MOVPE des matériaux semiconducteurs II-VI grand gap ZnSe et ZnTe : application à la croissance des superréseaux ZnSe/ZnTe." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20072.
Full textCollot, Philippe. "Oxydation du silicium stimulée par bombardement électronique : contribution à l'étude du mécanisme de croissance et des propriétés des oxydes ultra-minces." Paris 7, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA07F044.
Full textPotard, Kevin. "Les émissions de composés organiques volatiles (COVs) des sols dans les paysages agricoles : identification des sources et incidences sur la qualité de l'air." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1B058/document.
Full textVolatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are trace carbonaceous gases emitted in low concentrations from the continental and marine surfaces to the atmosphere. Highly reactive, these compounds are involved in atmospheric chemistry and are at the heart of many current environmental issues such as climate change related to greenhouse gases, air quality and feedback on the functioning of ecosystems. Terrestrial plant cover was previously identified as the main source of VOCs of biogenic origin. But recent studies suggest that soils could be major sources of VOCs. However, in agricultural anthropogenic landscapes, soils are subject to various and varied uses and management and are likely to modify qualitatively and quantitatively the patterns of VOC emissions. Paradoxically, agrosystem soils have been the subject of few inventories of their VOC emissions. The scarcity of knowledge on the contribution of agrosystems soils in VOC emissions motivated this work of thesis in which three objectives were pursued : i) inventory the spectra and quantify the VOCs fluxes emitted by soils in agricultural landscapes (ii) to determine the role of soil microorganisms in emissions and (iii) to identify the abiotic determinants controlling VOC emissions by soils. A first part of the work has consisted in analyzing the temporal dynamics of VOCs emissions in the field, in two observatory sites representative of the Britain agricultural landscape : the EFELE site (SOERE-PRO) comprising cultivated soils subjected to contrasting fertilization practices, and the Zone Atelier Armorique (ZAAr) including fertilized permanent meadows and wet meadows characterized by a low degree of anthropization. The second step of the work was conducted in the laboratory to clarify and complete the field observations, two series of laboratory experiments were conducted to manipulate, i) the soil organic carbon source via the input of different model molecules (ii) microbial communities by transplanting natural microbial communities into three distinct soils. This study has generated technical advances and produced entirely new results concerning both the characterization of spectra and the quantification of biogenic VOC fluxes emitted by soils. Thus, we show, in the laboratory and in the field, that a soil emits about forty masses of which only a few (1 to 4) are dominant. These VOC spectra are also specific to land uses (crop vs meadow) and fertilization practices. We also show that : i) there is a temporality of VOC emissions by soils ranging from 22 to 167 μg of VOCs per m−2 h−1, the winter period is the least emissive and ii) adds that some fertilization practices, such as pig slurry, induce a flux of methanol up to 10 times that observed by soils amended with methanised pig slurry. Regarding the role of soil microorganisms in VOCs production, we demonstrate that the VOCs spectrum is not representative of the phylogenetic diversity of the soil community but rather of the metabolic activity of active microorganisms. As for the exploration of abiotic determinants that can regulate emissions, our results suggest that the addition of organic molecules to the soil induces a rapid change in the VOC spectrum emitted by the soil, ranging from a few hours to a few days after intake. This modification is dependent on the degree of polymerization of the molecule provided. All research suggests that VOC emissions by soils are not negligible. Their key position in terms of issues requires to be of greater interest and to take them into account in future scenarios of global changes (climate and land uses), especially with regard to emerging practices of soil management in connection with the ecological transition initiated in agriculture. Similarly, the consideration of VOCs emissions in the biogeochemical cycles of carbon and that of nitrogen to better understand the functioning of ecosystems is also discussed in this document
Dennler, Gilles. "Dépôts PECVD de composés de silicium sur polymères : étude de la première phase des dépôts." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30239.
Full textDesalme, Dorine. "Contamination atmosphérique par les hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques : toxicité et devenir du phénanthrène dans des systèmes sol-plante-microorganismes." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00800328.
Full textNdzie, Elias. "Etude de la nucléation et de la croissance cristalline au cours du dédoublement par cristallisation préférentielle auto-ensemencée de dérivés 5-méthyl-5-alkyl (ou 5-aryl) hydantoïnes." Rouen, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ROUES072.
Full textJedrychowski, Mariusz. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation des mécanismes de recristallisation et de la croissance de grains dans des métaux de structure hexagonale." Thesis, Paris 13, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA132058/document.
Full textThe main aim of this thesis is to describe and analyse recrystallization and grain growth phenomena taking place in hexagonal metals, in particular cold-rolled titanium and channel-die compressed zirconium were considered. For that reason, several experiements were prepared and carried out using EBSD (Electron Backstartter Diffraction) technique. In addition, a special software based on Monte Carlo Potts model was developed in order to facilitate experiemental analysis using simulation approach. Based on the obtained experiemental data and simulation results, physical models and hypotheses concerning the investigate recrystallization and grain growth processes were proposed and positively verified
Boujut, Margot. "Ligands Photo-Actifs pour l'imagerie de fluorescence du VEGFr." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMR063.
Full textVEGFr (Vascular Endothelium Growth Factor receptors) are proteins responsible for the angiogenesis, meaning the growth of blood vessels. Consequently, they are involved in diseases due to harmful vascularization such as tumor growth or retinal neovascularization. Treating those blood vessels without harming healthy tissues is an issue. It requires specific and precise images of the blood vessels, both criteria being achievable thanks to fluorescent imaging. The specificity of fluorescent imaging relies on the use of a probe, meaning a selective fluorophore. To synthetize selective probes, we were inspired by a known ligand of the VEGFr: the axitinib. The chemical structure of the axitinib has an indazole heterocycle with two key roles: (i) in the fluorescence of the axitinib, (ii) in its selectivity for the VEGFr. Substituents were introduced to increase the overall fluorescence of the molecule while preserving the backbone responsible for the biological activity to the best of our ability. A library of about twenty fluorophores was synthetized and studied for applications in fluorescent imaging
Rojo, Carolina. "Impact environnemental des aérosols formés dans les panaches d'avions : modélisation et application à l'utilisation de carburants alternatifs." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00829919.
Full textCarre, Gaëlle. "Compréhension des mécanismes lors de la photocatalyse appliquée à la dégradation des microorganismes : application au traitement de l'air et aux textiles auto-décontaminants." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00998196.
Full textBonnet, Laetitia. "Synthèse de couches minces de polymères par dépôt chimique en phase vapeur par une polymérisation amorcée in-situ (iCVD) : mécanisme de croissance et application aux capteurs de gaz." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1258/document.
Full textMiniaturization of microelectronic devices is mandatory for cost, space and performance benefits. Easy-to-use gas sensors can then be designed and detection of low level of toxic gases can be achieved. The sensor performances are closely dependent on the sensitivity of the thin film towards the targeted gas. This study focuses on sensitive polymer thin films deposited by initiated Chemical Vapor Deposition (iCVD). This innovative deposition method has the advantage to be solvent-free and does not require high reaction temperatures, which allows its use in many fields, including nanocomponent fabrication. The iCVD process parameters are investigated and their influence on the thin film properties discussed. The study of the growth mechanism reveals an unexpected two-regime growth of the deposited films. The first regime, in the early stage of the deposition process, is characterized by a relatively slow growth. In the second regime, the growth rate slightly increases and the film thickness increases linearly with the deposition time. Based on microscopic and macroscopic data gained on poly(neopentyl methacrylate) thin films, a model for the growth mechanism of the polymer thin film is proposed. The change of regime appears to be correlated to the thin film thick-ness. This study shows the presence of a critical thickness. Moreover, the monomer concentration building up where the polymerization takes place is the most significant parameter to understand the film growth. It is also the key parameter to enable the deposition of reproducible and thickness controlled films, which is required for gas sensor applications. Finally, polymethacrylate films, obtained by iCVD, are tested as sensitive layers and low toluene gas concentration (ppm) can be detected, while the gas sensors are reversible
Rojo, Escude-Cofiner Carolina. "Impact environnemental des aérosols formés dans les panaches d'avions : modélisation et application à l'utilisation de carburants alternatifs." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAF047/document.
Full textAircraft emit important amounts of particulate and gaseous matter in the atmosphere contributing on the one hand to local air pollution and on the other hand to the atmospheric radiative forcing and to climate change. Introducing alternative fuels in aviation can be considered as a viable option to reducing the impact of aviation, being economically and environmentally sustainable. These selected biofuels tend to have lower aromatic and sulphur contents inducing a simultaneous reduction in sulphuric acid and soot emissions. However modifying the nature and composition of the fuel used can entail unexpected consequences. It is therefore essential to study and determine the evolution of aerosols in the aircraft plume. To manage this task, a microphysical trajectory box, previously tested with standard kerosene, has been developed. After an assessment concerning the typical emissions from the combustion of biofuels in aviation, simulations have been undertaken in order to predict aerosol evolution. Several microphysical processes have been revised such as droplet homogeneous freezing or the behaviour of organic compounds
Genard-Zielinski, Anne-Cyrielle. "Impact du stress hydrique sur les émissions d'isoprène de Quercus pubescens Willd." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4721.
Full textBiogenic Volatile Organic Compounds (BVOC) are plants secondary-metabolism-molecules. Their emissions are modulated by environmental conditions. Among these compounds, isoprene has been particularly studied due to its intense emission fluxes as well as its major contribution to tropospheric photochemistry. However, the impacts of environmental constraints on isoprene emission are still not yet well known. In particular, water stress impact is still a contradictory issue. In a world facing multiple climatic changes, models expect this kind of stress to hit Mediterranean area.This work focused on the impact of water stress on Quercus pubescens Willd. isoprene emissions. This species, widely spread in this area, is the second isoprene emitter in Europe.Two types of study were used.First, during an experimental carried out in a nursery, Q. pubescens saplings were grown under a moderate and severe water stress from April to October. This experimentation highlighted an increase of isoprene emissions for mid-stressed trees, while no emission changes were observed for the highly stressed trees.Secondly, an experimentation was conducted on a pubescent oak forest with trees acclimated to long lasting stress periods. We followed, during a whole season, the impact, on isoprene emissions, of a water stress created by artificially reducing 30% of the rains by means of a specific deploying roof. Isoprene emission factors were observed to increase under water stress.The database thus obtained was used in an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to develop an appropriate isoprene emission algorithm. We underlined the predominant impact of soil water content on isoprene emissions
Mai, Hoang Linh. "Etude chimique et évaluations biologiques des métabolites secondaires de Gardenia urvillei et Gardenia oudiepe, Rubiaceae endémiques de Nouvelle-Calédonie : hémisynthèse de dérivés en séries cycloartane, dammarane et flavonoïde." Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05P632.
Full textPhytochemical studies of glutinous exudate covering the buds et the leaf base of Gardenia urvillei Montrouz. et Gardenia oudiepe Vieill., Rubiaceaeous species endemic to New Caledonia, have led to the identification of twelve cycloartanes, nine seco-cycloartanes, eight dammaranes et seven flavonoids. Among these secondary metabolites, six cycloartanes, four seco-cycloartanes et two dammaranes are original natural products. Biological evaluations, such as search for anti-angiogenic properties or inhibition of tubulin polymerization, have shown promising results. In order to establish the structure-activity relationships for these activities, twenty-six analogs were semisynthesized from the major isolated compounds, oudiépone A, hydroxydammarénone II, santin, 5,7-dihydroxy-3,3’,4’,5’,6-pentamethoxyflavone et kaempferol
Grenier, Vanessa. "Analyse de l'effet de la contamination du sol sur la croissance et la physiologie de 11 cultivars de Salix." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11527.
Full textMy master thesis is part of a larger multidisciplinary initiative called GenoRem (www.genorem.ca). GenoRem brings together scientists from Université de Montréal and McGill University in a quest to improve bioremediation techniques through molecular and biological processes. Eleven fast-growing willow (Salix sp.) cultivars were studied, primarily to identify those that produce high biomass yields, demonstrate capacity to thrive under harsh environmental conditions and to tolerate the presence of PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls) and C10-C50. A high-density field experiment was undertaken during the summer of 2011 on a former petrochemical industrial site in southern Québec, Canada. Cuttings of selected willow genotypes were planted on an area covering ~5000 m². Plants were monitored over the two growing seasons that followed the coppicing by recording a series of growth parameters and physiological measurements (specific leaf area, chlorophyll concentration, stomatal conductance and nutrient concentration) in order to compare growth performance of each genotype on contaminated soils. S. miyabeana cultivars (SX61) achieved the highest biomass production, while S. nigra (S05) and S. acutifolia (S54) had the highest photosynthetic capacity. S. dasyclados (SV1), S. purpurea (‘Fish Creek’) and S. caprea (S365) were negatively affected by the presence of contaminants The establishment capacity and development of S. nigra (S05), S. eriochephala (S25) and S. purpurea X S. miyabeana (‘Millbrook’) were globally less influenced by soil pollution. This comparative analysis of physiological responses of willow on contaminated soil will guide plant selection processes and bioremediation practices in future phytoremediation projects.