Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Composés tridimensionnels'
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Pantaine, Loïc. "Aminocatalyse et Réactions en Cascade pour la Synthèse de Polycycles Tridimensionnels." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV084/document.
Full textThe work presented in this manuscript aims to study organocatalytic reaction sequences enabling the stereoselective formation of carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds. Various strategies have been developped for the preparation of chiral cyclic architectures, which represents an important challenge due to their presence in a vast number of biologically active compounds. This manuscript starts off by introducing the principal of organocatalysis, and more specifically the different activation means used in aminocatalysis.The first chapter focuses on the regio- and diastereoselective synthesis of cyclic hydrazine-containing bicycles in a solvent-free way. The second chapter merges de-aromatization or desymetrization with an aminocatalytic reaction sequence, to yield tridimensional enantioenriched polycycles from unsaturated aldehydes. Lastly, the third chapter concentrates on the synthesis of unsymmetrical sulfamides and their uses as substrates in aminocatalysis
Roquet, Sophie. "Semi-conducteurs organiques dérivés de systèmes conjugués bi et tridimensionnels : de la molécule au dispositif." Angers, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2006ANGE0045.
Full textThis work deals with the synthesis of different series of two and three-dimensional conjugated systems in order to lead to new classes of organic semiconductor materials with isotropic optical and charge transport properties. A first part is devoted to the synthesis of conjugated systems derived from 3,4-phenylenedioxythiophene in order to obtain soluble polymers and oligomers analogous to poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) but without sp3 carbons. The bulk of this work describes the synthesis of different series of molecules of three-dimensional structure built by fixing linear conjugated systems on a central node (silicon, carbon, phosphorus and nitrogen). On the basis of the analysis of the electronic and physicochemical properties of these different classes of compounds, the systems derived from triphenylamine have been the subject of a more advanced synthesis work and several of these compounds have been used as a material. Active for the realization of organic devices such as field effect transistors and solar cells
Jeux, Victorien. "Systèmes conjugués moléculaires à base de Triarylamines et d'analogues thiophéniques du Spirobi(fluorène) : de la synthèse aux matériaux." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01010088.
Full textAlonso, Coralie. "Empilements moléculaires bi- et tridimensionnels d'alcools chiraux." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10093.
Full textStref, Philippe. "Application à grande échelle d'un modèle hydrodispersif tridimensionnel." Montpellier 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON20068.
Full textBahloul, Fadila. "Etude expérimentale de l'interaction sable - structure et comportement en extraction d'inclusions métalliques." Lyon, INSA, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ISAL0067.
Full textThis study contributes to a better understanding of the local behaviour and the interaction between a inclusion and a cohesion less material. The physical phenomenon governing this interaction is the friction. A chapter on existing literature describes theoretical and practical aspects of the friction modelling and factors influencing the latter such as dilatancy. The laboratory tests are carried out in several models of different dimensions. - Plane friction tests with standard shear apparatus are used to define a friction angle sand/plate. Influence of the surface of contact is revealed. - Pull out tests of the corner iron of different dimensions are carried out in reduced model. Friction coefficient is defined and calculated. Several factors influencing the latter such as the nature, and method of placing the inclusion are examined. An analysis of the start of the pull out tests is done for tests realized in this model. Pressure cells have been positioned around the inclusion to study the dilatancy. - Pull out tests of cylindrical bar are carried out in another reduced model. The dilatancy is controlled this case by the vertical displacement variation. All results are compared to the ether models
Ambard, Marie-Hélène. "Etude par simulation numerique d'un modele tridimensionnel de nacn." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066237.
Full textChevrier, Christine. "Génération de séquences composées d'images de synthèse et d'images vidéo." Nancy 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NAN10121.
Full textThe visual impact assessment of architectural projects in urban environments is usually based on manual drawings, paintings on photographs, scale models or computer-generated images. These techniques are either too expensive or not realistic enough. Strictly using computer images means requiring an accurate 3D model of the environment. Computing such a model takes a long time and the results lack of visual accuracy. Our technique of overlaying computer generated images onto photographs of the environment is considerably more effective and reliable. This method is a promising solution regarding computation time (no accurate 3D model of the environment) as weIl as visual realism (provided by the photograph itself). Such a solution requires nevertheless to solve lots of problems in order to get geometrical and photometrical coherence in the resulting image. To this end, image analysis and image synthesis methods have to be designed and developed. The method is generalized to produce an animated film, and can furthermore greatly increase the realism of the simulation. My Ph. D. Work was to test and integrate various image analysis and synthesis techniques for the composition of computer generated images with pictures or video film. This report explains the steps required for a realistic encrustation. For each of these steps, various techniques were tested in order to be able to choose the most suitable solutions according to the state of the most recent researches and to the applications we were dealing with (architectural and urban projects). The application of this work was the simulation of the Paris Bridges illumination projects. Concurrently to this work, I present a new method for the interpolation of computer images for the generation of a sequence of images. This method requires no approximation of the camera motion. Since video images are interlaced, sequences of computer images need to be interleaved too. The interpolation technique we propose is capable of doing this
GRANDIN, LEROY ANNICK. "Oxydes ternaires de niobium et de titane a structure lamellaire et a charpente tridimensionnelle." Caen, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987CAEN2004.
Full textBendaikha, Tahar. "Photopolymérisation réticulante de macromères multifonctionnels : comportement photochimique de réseaux polyacryliques tridimensionnels." Mulhouse, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986MULH0016.
Full textRebière, Yvon. "Analyse des émissions secondaires d'un cristal isotopique mixte et de leurs corrélations à la diffusion excitonique dans un système tridimensionnel." Bordeaux 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985BOR10516.
Full textBellahcen, Salma. "Etude numérique et expérimentale du champ de vitesse en canaux composés." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAD043/document.
Full textCompound channels are characterized by a main channel and a floodplain. Their hydraulic behavior has important applications in rivers and flood control but also in sewer system management. Two approaches are followed in this study. The first one is an experimental study that aims to fulfill the lack of data concerning velocity distribution in narrow and deep compound channels. The experiments were carried out in a 16m long and 0.6m wide compound channel located in the experimental hall of ICube laboratory. The second approach is a numerical one. The objective of this study is to develop a methodology for numerical modelling of velocity distribution in compound channels. To do the experimental data of (Proust et al., 2013) were modelled compared to the experimental data in order to determine the most suitable model to reproduce velocity distribution. In addition to this comparison, the large eddy simulation method were also utilized for two experiments of (Proust et al., 2013) and (Nezu et al., 1990). Two specific boundary conditions were implemented in order to compare the efficiency of each method
Faverjon, Béatrice. "Modélisation et validation expérimentale d'un modèle d'impédance acoustique dans le domaine des moyennes et hautes fréquences pour un système multicouche composé d'un matériau poreux épais inséré entre deux plaques minces : s." Paris, CNAM, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CNAM0423.
Full textThis research proposes a new method to model acoustic insulated passive systems, in the medium and high frequency range, by constructing an equivalent acoustic impedance and by validating with experimental results. The system is constituted of a three-dimensional porous material inserted between two thin plates. In order to validate experimentally the proposed theory, acoustic impedance measures are carried out in the range [30,1600] Hz, the medium- and high-frequency ranges corresponding to [300,1600] Hz. On the one hand, a probabilistic algebraic model of the wall acoustic impedance is constructed and its parameters are fitted with the experimental data basis. On the other hand, from the boundary value problem, an analytical model of the acoustic impedance is constructed. Finally, comparisons between the analytical model and experimental results are presented
Genève, Stéphane. "Synthèse et structure tridimensionnelle de peptides vinylogues cis et trans : application à la préparation d'hétérocycles azotés chiraux originaux." Nancy 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NAN10078.
Full textGuca, Ewelina. "Caractérisation structurale de la CTP : phosphocholine cytidylyltransférase de Plasmodium falciparum et identification de composés inhibiteurs basée sur la structure visant à cibler la voie de biosynthèse des phospholipides." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT077.
Full textMalaria remains a major global health problem and the most threatening parasitic disease. Among the 5 malaria species that affect humans, Plasmodium falciparum is the most deadly form. During its life cycle, in erythrocytic stage, which causes all the malaria symptoms, P. falciparum relies on phospholipids to build the membranes necessary for daughter cell development. Approximately 85% of parasite phospholipids consist of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) synthesized by the parasite through the de novo Kennedy pathways. In the pathway of phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis, the second step catalyzed by CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase [EC 2.7.7.15] is rate limiting and appears essential for the parasite survival at its blood stage. In this PhD thesis I focus on the structural characterization of this enzyme and the identification of effectors mainly by fragment-based drug design approach (FBDD). The first reported crystal structure of the catalytic domain of the enzyme target (PfCCT) has been solved at resolution 2.2 Å. Four other crystal structures of PfCCT in complex with substrates (CMP, phosphocholine and choline) or product (CDP-choline) have been determined. These structural data give detailed images of the binding pocket and reveal the enzyme structures at all catalytic steps that provide crucial information on the catalytic mechanism at atomic level. The second part of the project present the methods developed to identify potential PfCCT inhibitors. A FBDD approach was used in order to identify and select small molecules (fragments, MW< 300 Da) binding to the PfCCT. A combination of biophysical techniques (fluorescence-based thermal shift assay, saturation transfer difference NMR and isothermal chemical denaturation) allowed the selection of 23 fragment hits from the screenings of fragment library (~ 300 molecules). In parallel in silico screening of larger fragment libraries (~15,000 compounds) resulted in 100 selected hits. Finally, 5 compounds already known to inhibit parasite growth (Malaria Box from Medicines for Malaria Venture) were selected for their inhibition of the recombinant PfCCT activity. The results obtained within this thesis brought important knowledge and structural insights on the catalytic mechanism of PfCCT. Taken together, these results pave the way for future structure-based drug design to target PfCCT and to inhibit the essential phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis in P. falciparum
Lacarrière, Laurie. "Prévision et évaluation de la fissuration précoce des ouvrages en béton." Toulouse, INSA, 2007. http://eprint.insa-toulouse.fr/archive/00000165/.
Full textThe purpose of this work concerns the design of a simulation tool box able to predict the early age cracking in order to help to the choice of adequate technical solutions. The numerical tool box has been developed in the finite element code CASTEM and is based on two successive models: the first one determines the hydration degree and the hydric and thermal states of the structure while the second one uses these data to assess the risk of early age cracking. The hydration modelling proposed is a multiphasic model which allows the prediction of the coupled evolution of the hydration degree of several anhydrous phases, of the temperature andwater content. It is based on the resolution of hydration kinetic laws coupled with the water mass balance equation and the heat balance one. The kinetic laws used to model the reactions of the different phases of the binder are based on a phenomenological approach of the development of reactions and of the interactions between phases (clinker and mineral admixtures). The model has been successfully applied to the simulation of a 27 m2 massive in situ structure. The knowledge of hydration, hydric and thermal states then allows the prediction of the strains induced by water content or temperature variations. The induced stresses and the cracking risk associated can be evaluated using the mechanical model. The proposed model is based on a non linear viscoelastic module coupled to an anisotropic damage one. It models the shrinkage and creep phenomena with a global phenomenological approach using a rheological model that reproduces the hydro mechanical behaviour of unsaturated concrete
SIMON, SANDRA. "Etude d'un chenal d'oxydation par des approches globales et locales : hydrodynamique et transfert de matiere." Toulouse, INSA, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ISAT0023.
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