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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Composite aircraft'

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1

Ashawesh, Gamal Mohamed. "Flutter behaviour of composite aircraft wings." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/3900.

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This research work presents series of investigations into the structural dynamics and dynamic aeroelastic (flutter) behaviour of composite and metal wings. The study begins with a literature review where the development and an over view of the previous investigations in this field are presented. Static stiffness is very important to any type of analysis, especially in both dynamic and flutter analysis as in this case. Therefore, different methods are presented and used for the determination of cross- sectional rigidities such as bending, torsional and bending-torsional coupling rigidities prop
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2

Taylor, James Marcus. "Optimisation and validation of frequency constrained composite wings." Thesis, University of Bath, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268213.

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3

Stephens, V. M. "Crashworthiness of composite seats for civil aircraft." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/1771.

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A study has been conducted into the design of civil aircraft seats which are forward-facing and use the lap-belt method of restraint. Within these terms of reference, the response of the seat restraint occupant system (SROS) to impact loading has been analysed using physical (dynamic testing) and analytical (computer simulation) modelling techniques. With the increasing use of fibre-reinforced polymer composites in aircraft for weight efficiency, and the consequent appearance of composite seats, attention must be given to the crash performance of these structures. Composite structures are ch
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4

Cook, Lawrence. "Visual inspection reliability for composite aircraft structures." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2009. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/6834.

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This thesis presents a study of the effects of surface colour, surface finish and dent shape on the visual inspection reliability of 3D surface indentations common in shape to those produced by impact damage to carbon fibre reinforced epoxy laminates. Falling weight (2.5kg) apparatus was used to produce impact damage to non-painted, non-mesh Hexcel AS4/ 8552 carbon fibre reinforced plastic (CFRP) laminates and painted AS4/ 8552 laminates containing bronze mesh and glass fabric lightning strike protection layers. Ø20 mm and Ø87 mm hemispherical tip impacts to painted 17ply and 33ply laminates a
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5

Lillico, Mark. "Aeroelastic optimisation of composite wings." Thesis, University of Bath, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.362287.

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6

Bigand, Audrey. "Damage assessment on aircraft composite structure due to lightning constraints." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ESAE0027.

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L’utilisation des matériaux composites dans l’industrie aéronautique s’étant largement étendue, ledimensionnement de ces structures et de leur protection vis-à-vis de la foudre est devenu un enjeu majeur. Ilest important de pouvoir développer des outils prédictifs permettant d’obtenir une conception de structurerépondant aux critères de certification avec des temps et coûts de conception maitrisés. L’interaction de lafoudre avec une structure composite est un phénomène multiphysique complexe, avec une difficulté ajoutéepar la présence d’une protection métallique en surface et d’une couche de p
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7

Nyman, Tonny. "Fatigue and residual strength of composite aircraft structures." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Aeronautical Engineering, 1999. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-2848.

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8

Whisler, Daniel A. "Low velocity blunt impacts on composite aircraft structures." Diss., [La Jolla] : University of California, San Diego, 2009. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p1470612.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of California, San Diego, 2009.<br>Title from first page of PDF file (viewed January 12, 2010). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Includes bibliographical references (p. 102-104).
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9

Ahmad, M. K. M. "Shear lag effect in composite box girders." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.237869.

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10

Ericsson, Max. "Simulating Bird Strike on Aircraft Composite Wing Leading Edge." Thesis, KTH, Hållfasthetslära (Inst.), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-103783.

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In this master thesis project the possibility to model the response of a wing when subjected to bird strike using finite elements is analyzed. Since this transient event lasts only a few milliseconds the used solution method is explicit time integration. The wing is manufactured using carbon fiber laminate. Carbon fiber laminates have orthotropic material properties with different stiffness in different directions. Accordingly, there are damage mechanisms not considered when using metal that have to be modeled when using composites. One of these damage mechanisms is delamination which occurs w
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11

Dunn, Leigh. "Investigating accidents involving aircraft manufactured from polymer composite materials." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2013. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/8448.

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This thesis looks into the examination of polymer composite wreckage from the perspective of the aircraft accident investigator. It develops an understanding of the process of wreckage examination as well as identifying the potential for visual and macroscopic interpretation of polymer composite aircraft wreckage. The in-field examination of aircraft wreckage, and subsequent interpretations of material failures, can be a significant part of an aircraft accident investigation. As the use of composite materials in aircraft construction increases, the understanding of how macroscopic failure char
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12

Alonso, Rodolfo Delatore. "Comparison between aluminum and all composite AL5 aircraft fuselage." Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, 2008. http://www.bd.bibl.ita.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1160.

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This work demonstrate the decision that lead the responsible team for the AL5 aircraft to recommend more dedicated study, on using composite materials on the constant section barrel of the fuselage, to the next design team. The recommendation where made after the mass comparison of a composite fuselage and an equivalent aluminum fuselage, both estimated through methodologies described on the books of Bruhn and Niu.
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13

Mativo, John M. "System Design of Composite Thermoelectrics for Aircraft Energy Harvesting." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1607959975788155.

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14

Watkins, R. I. "Multilevel optimum design of large laminated composite structures." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.374011.

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15

Mahdi, Stephane. "The performance of bonded repairs to composite structures." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7815.

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16

Wen, Edward A. "Compressive strength prediction for composite unmanned aerial vehicles." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1999. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=959.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 1999.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 117 p. : ill. (some col.) Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 83-84).
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17

Becerra, Pozo Natalia I. "Analysis and optimisation of composite truss structures for aircraft applications." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.444336.

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18

Brown, Eric L. (Eric Lee). "Integrated strain actuation in aircraft with highly flexible composite wings." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8001.

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Thesis (Sc. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2003.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 167-171).<br>The purpose of this thesis is to provide a framework for the study of wing warping as a means of achieving multiple aeroelastic goals. Shape change is achieved by integrating anisotropic piezoelectric composites (APC) within the passive composite wing skin. The goals include the ability of integrated strain actuation (ISA) to provide sufficient wing deformation for roll maneuver, gust load alleviation, flutter suppression, and redistribution of
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19

Kapidzic, Zlatan. "Strength analysis and modeling of hybrid composite-aluminum aircraft structures." Licentiate thesis, Linköpings universitet, Hållfasthetslära, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-91894.

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The current trend in aircraft design is to increase the proportion of fiber composites in the structures. Since many primary parts also are constructed using metals, the number of hybrid metal-composite structures is increasing. Such structures have traditionally often been avoided as an option because of the lack of methodology to handle the mismatch between the material properties. Composite and metal properties differ with respect to: thermal expansion, failure mechanisms, plasticity, sensitivity to load type, fatigue accumulation and scatter, impact resistance and residual strength, anisot
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20

Clark, Randal John. "Damage tolerance of bonded composite aircraft repairs for metallic structures." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31275.

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This thesis describes the development and validation of methods for damage tolerance substantiation of bonded composite repairs applied to cracked plates. This technology is used to repair metal aircraft structures, offering improvements in fatigue life, cost, manufacturability, and inspectability when compared to riveted repairs. The work focuses on the effects of plate thickness and bending on repair life, and covers fundamental aspects of fracture and fatigue of cracked plates and bonded joints. This project falls under the UBC Bonded Composite Repair Program, which has the goal of certific
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21

DeVries, Dean. "Design of a cure monitoring system for composite aircraft repair patches." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ45454.pdf.

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22

Dayyani, Iman. "Mechanical behavior of composite corrugated structures for skin of morphing aircraft." Thesis, Swansea University, 2015. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42865.

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Corrugated panels have gained considerable popularity in a range of engineering applications, particularly in morphing skin applications due to their remarkable anisotropic characteristics. They are stiff to withstand the aerodynamic loads and flexible to enable the morphing deformations. In this thesis a detailed review of the literature on corrugated structures is presented. The specific characteristics of corrugated structures such as: high anisotropic behaviour, high stiffness and good durability, lightness and cost effectiveness are discussed comprehensively. However for the application i
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23

Aljets, Dirk. "Acoustic emission source location in composite aircraft structures using modal analysis." Thesis, University of South Wales, 2011. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/acoustic-emission-source-location-in-composite-aircraft-structures-using-modal-analysis(6871e94b-6e94-4efd-b563-41b254ee27b4).html.

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The aim of this research work was to develop an Acoustic Emission (AE) source location method suitable for Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) of composite aircraft structures. Therefore useful key signal features and sensor configurations were identified and the proposed method was validated using both artificially generated AE as well as actual AE resulting from damage. Acoustic Emission is a phenomenon where waves are generated in stressed materials. These waves travel through the material and can be detected with suitable sensors on the surface of the structure. These stress waves are attri
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24

Davies, Thomas Gethin. "The analysis of bonded repair solutions for primary composite aircraft structures." Thesis, Swansea University, 2013. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42862.

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25

Svalstedt, Mats, and Sofia Swedberg. "Commercial Aircraft Wing Structure : - Design of a Carbon Fiber Composite Structure." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-276702.

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This project explores the classical wing structure of an commercial aircraft for an all carbon fiber reinforced polymer unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV). It is part of a collaborative work consisting of several groups researching different parts of the aircraft. The objective of this report is to present the design of the inner wing structure for a greener, more efficient scaled 2:1 version of the Skywalker X8. In order to make the aircraft as efficient as possible, the structure needs to be lightweight. The loads were first approximated using XFLR5 and a first design made. The design was then tes
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26

Armstrong, Keith Bernard. "The selection of adhesives and composite matrix resins for aircraft repairs." Thesis, City, University of London, 1990. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/18929/.

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This Thesis studies various aspects of the selection of adhesives for aircraft repairs. It was undertaken because of the need to repair a number of different aircraft types with a limited range of adhesives to minimise stockholdings and wastage of materials which have shelf-life limitations. The aspects studied were tensile strength, tensile modulus, elongation at failure, fracture energy, compression strength, compression modulus, water uptake, Tg dry and we t and diffusion coefficient. A computer programme written at Leicester Polytechnic was adapted to suit an IBM PC and this allowed water
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27

Soykasap, Omer. "Aeroelastic optimization of a composite tilt rotor." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/11823.

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28

Carmai, Julaluk. "The modelling of matrix-coated fibre composite consolidation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365724.

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29

Ashok, Kumar Sachin Sharma. "Incorporation of graphene thin films into the carbon fiber reinforced composite via 3d composite concept against the lightning strikes on composite aircraft." Thesis, Wichita State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/5592.

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Research and development of graphene and graphene based materials have been increasing significantly since they were invented. This report presents the development of a highly conductive graphene thin film (GTF) to reduce the damage of lightning effects on composite aircrafts. Furthermore, there are three new developments that are presented in this research: (a) the development of a highly conductive functionalized nanosize GTF, (b) a new approach of incorporating the GTF into the carbon fiber reinforced composite panel, and (c) a new development of 3D stitching concept were introduced specifi
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Liu, Hongfen. "A structural design comparison of metallic and composite aircraft pressure retaining doors." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2012. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/7308.

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The pressure retaining door is obviously a sensible part of an aircraft, and the design criteria is much more critical than for the fuselage, so a problem caused by this critical criteria is the heavy weight of the door structure because it should be strong enough to withstand loads and stiff enough to meet the sealing requirements. In spite of the pressure retaining door being so important, it is difficult to find design references. So, in this thesis, the pressure retaining door is investigated first, and then a typical structure of a type A door is selected as the study case using both meta
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31

Bail, Justin L. "Non-desctructive investigation & FEA correlation on an aircraft sandwich composite structure." Akron, OH : University of Akron, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=akron1196702586.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Akron, Dept. of Civil Engineering, 2007.<br>"December, 2007." Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed 02/25/2008) Advisor, Wieslaw Binienda; Faculty readers, Craig Menzemer, Robert Goldbert; Department Chair, Wieslaw Binienda; Dean of the College, George K. Haritos; Dean of the Graduate School, George R. Newkome. Includes bibliographical references.
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32

Eslimy-Isfahany, Seyed Hamid Reza. "Dynamic response of thin-walled composite structures with application to aircraft wings." Thesis, City University London, 1998. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/7719/.

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A general analytical method is developed to study first the buckling behaviour and then the dynamic characteristics of thin-walled composite structures with the presence of bending torsion coupling. The dynamic response theory incorporates the dynamic stiffness matrix approach and generalised coordinates using the normal mode method. Structural components considered are thin-walled laminated composite beams with carbon-fibre, glass-fibre or other reinforced plastic lay-ups. The examples of such beams and their applications include aircraft wings, hulls of ships, helicopter and wind turbine bla
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Benchekchou, Boutaina. "Stresses around fasteners in composite aircraft structures and effects on fatigue life." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241160.

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34

Land, Ian B. (Ian Brett). "Design and manufacture of advanced composite aircraft structures using automated tow placement." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/31076.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management; and, Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1996.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 89-91).<br>by Ian B. Land.<br>S.M.
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Bail, Justin. "Non-Destructive Investigation & FEA Correlation on an Aircraft Sandwich Composite STructure." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1196702586.

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36

Ellwood, Jeffrey L. "Design and construction of a composite airframe for UAV research." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 1990. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA232422.

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Thesis (M.S. in Aeronautical Engineering)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 1990.<br>Thesis Advisor(s): Howard, Richard M. Second Reader: Lindsey, Gerald H. "June 1990." Description based on signature page as viewed on October 21, 2009. DTIC Identifier(s): Composite materials, ducted fan, airframes, vertical takeoff aircraft, remotely piloted vehicles. Author(s) subject terms: UAV, composites, AROD, TDF, RPV, ducted fan, vertical takeoff. Includes bibliographical references (p. 74-75). Also available online.
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37

Evans, Simon. "Characterisation of outgassing from carbon fibre composite aircraft joints subjected to lightning current." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2018. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/117887/.

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Outgassing is a lightning direct effect that may occur at structural joints in the fuel laden volume of an aircraft. If uncontrolled, the event is extremely hazardous due to its potential to cause fuel vapour ignition. The aerospace industry has been aware of the threat for many years and lightning strike protection is well established. However, there is a lack of understanding particularly concerning the fundamental mechanisms for the creation of the event. Modern aircraft designs that utilise materials such as carbon fibre reinforced plastic (CFRP), are more dependent on manufacturing proces
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38

Kapidzic, Zlatan. "Static and Fatigue Failure of Bolted Joints in Hybrid Composite-Aluminium Aircraft Structures." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Mekanik och hållfasthetslära, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-122349.

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The use of fibre composites in the design of load carrying aircraft structures has been increasing over the last few decades. At the same time, aluminium alloys are still present in many structural parts, which has led to an increase of the number of hybrid composite-aluminium structures. Often, these materials are joined at their interface by bolted connections. Due to their different response to thermal, mechanical and environmental impact, the composite and the aluminium alloy parts are subject to different design and certification practices and are therefore considered separately.The curre
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Crump, Duncan Andrew. "Performance analysis of a reduced cost manufacturing process for composite aircraft secondary structure." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2009. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/142803/.

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In the current, environmentally-aware, climate aircraft designers are under increasing pressure to produce fuel efficient vehicles. Weight reduction is an important method for increasing fuel efficiency. Fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) composites are known to offer weight savings over traditional metallic components, due to their excellent stiffness and strength to weight ratios. However, the major limiting factor for the use of aerospace quality composites is the manufacturing cost. The costs incurred in the conventional process of prepreg cured in an autoclave are well documented. The researc
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40

Morris, Russell A. "Aeroelastic modeling and flutter control in aircraft with low aspect ratio composite wings." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40462.

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41

Foti, Federico. "Effect of the Environment on the Fatigue Behaviour of Textile Organic Matrix Composite Materials for Aircraft Applications." Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ESMA0031/document.

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Les composites à matrice organiques (CMO) et fibre de carbone sont de plus en plus employés dans la réalisation de structures « tièdes » (aubes de fan, nacelles …) ; ces pièces peuvent être soumises, en service, à la fatigue mécanique, au cyclage thermique et à la fatigue thermo-mécanique. Bien qu’il existe une littérature consistante sur le comportement en fatigue des composites tissés, l'interaction entre fatigue et la dégradation liée à l'environnement à haute température n’a pas été encore bien exploitée. Le couplage entre les effets de la thermo-oxydation, le comportement mécanique (visco
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42

Kaufmann, Markus. "Cost/Weight Optimization of Aircraft Structures." Licentiate thesis, Stockholm : Farkost- och flyg, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4645.

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43

Farrow, I. R. "Damage accumulation and degradation of composite laminates under aircraft service loading : assessment and prediction." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.237804.

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44

Rudd, Jeffrey Roy. "COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TO WEIGHT RATIO OPTIMIZATION OF COMPOSITE HONEYCOMB THROUGH ADDITION OF INTERNAL REINFORCEMENTS." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1145900147.

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45

Rubenking, Samuel Kim. "Dual Mode Macro Fiber Composite-Actuated Morphing Tip Feathers for Controlling Small Unmanned Aircraft." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78433.

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The transition of flight from manned to unmanned systems has led to new research and applications of technology within the field that, until recently, were previously thought to be unfeasible. The industry has become interested in alternative control surfaces and uses for smart materials. A Macro Fiber Composite (MFC), a smart material, takes advantage of the piezoelectric effect and provides an attractive alternative actuator to servos in the Small Unmanned Aerial Systems (SUAS) regime of flight. This research looks to take MFC actuated control surfaces one step further by pulling inspiration
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46

Backhouse, R. "Multiaxial non-crimp fabrics : characterisation of manufacturing capability for composite aircraft primary structure applications." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1998. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/1929.

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Carbon composite reinforcement fabrics aimed at flight critical aircraft structure application were designed and the capability of the process used to manufacture them examined. Studies of the LIBA multiaxial non-crimp fabric manufacturing process focused on the effect of changes to four manufacturing parameters using an experimental design process to design the fabrics and analyse the results. The composite properties measured included microstructural features of the fibre tows and resin distribution, and mechanical performance both in-plane and their damage resistance and tolerance character
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Satterwhite, Matthew Ryan. "Development and Validation of Fluid-Structure Interaction in Aircraft Crashworthiness Studies." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51559.

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Current Federal Aviation Regulations require costly and time consuming crashworthiness testing to certify aircraft. These tests are only capable of a limited assessment of progressive damage and all crash configurations and scenarios cannot be physically evaluated. Advancements in technology have led to accurate and effective developments in numerical modeling that have the possibility of replacing these rigorous physical experiments. Through finite element analysis, an in-depth investigation of an aircraft equipped with a fabricated composite undercarriage was evaluated during water ditching.
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Doepke, Edward Brady. "Design Demonstration and Optimization of a Morphing Aircraft Control Surface Using Flexible Matrix Composite Actuators." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/82494.

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The morphing of aircraft wings for flight control started as a necessity for the Wright Brothers but quickly fell out of favor as aircraft increased speed. Currently morphing aircraft control is one of many ideas being explored as we seek to improve aircraft efficiency, reduce noise, and other alternative aircraft solutions. The conventional hinged control surface took over as the predominant method for control due to its simplicity and allowing stiffer wings to be built. With modern technologies in variable stiffness materials, actuators, and design methods, a morphing control surface, whi
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49

Wang, Zhe. "Effects of anti-oxidant migration on friction and wear in carbon-carbon composite aircraft brakes /." Available to subscribers only, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1240703191&sid=6&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 2006.<br>"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Energy Processes." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 77-81). Also available online.
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Khan, Jehan Zeb. "Static, dynamic and aeroelastic behaviour of thin-walled composite structures with application to aircraft wings." Thesis, City University London, 1992. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/7992/.

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Theoretical and experimental investigations of the static and dynamic behaviour of thin-walled structures are carried out with the ultimate aim of improving prediction procedures for various aeroelastic phenomena. The dynamic stiffness matrix approach is used for structural idealization, while strip theory and Theodorsen's function C(k) are used for the aerodynamic idealization. The dynamic composite beam with with an axial load centroid, has been carried out using Special cases, that been identified and stiffness matrix for a thin-walled geometric and material coupling together (compressive o
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