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1
Ertuğ, Burcu. "Advanced Fiber-Reinforced Composite Materials for Marine Applications." Advanced Materials Research 772 (September 2013): 173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.772.173.
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Most widely used material in ship hull construction is undoubtedly the steel. Composite materials have become suitable choice for marine construction in 1960s. The usage of the fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) in marine applications offers ability to orient fiber strength, ability to mold complex shapes, low maintenance and flexibility. The most common reinforcement material in marine applications is E-glass fiber. Composite sandwich panels with FRP faces and low density foam cores have become the best choice for small craft applications. The U.S Navy is using honeycomb sandwich bulkheads to reduce the ship weight above the waterline. Composites will play their role in marine applications due to their lightness, strength, durability and ease of production. It is expected that especially FRP composites will endure their life for many years from now on in the construction of boat building.
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Adi, Maissa, Basim Abu-Jdayil, Fatima Al Ghaferi, Sara Al Yahyaee, and Maryam Al Jabri. "Seawater-Neutralized Bauxite Residue–Polyester Composites as Insulating Construction Materials." Buildings 11, no. 1 (January 6, 2021): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11010020.
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Bauxite residue (BR) is one of the most commonly generated industrial wastes in the world. Thus, novel techniques for its proper utilization must be urgently developed. Herein, seawater-neutralized BR–unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) composites are presented as insulating construction materials with promising mechanical performance. Composites with different BR content (0–60 vol.%) were prepared to evaluate the influence of BR content on the compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths as well as the moduli of BR–UPR composites. Experimental results revealed that adding BR particles to the polyester matrix increased the compressive properties (strength, modulus, and strain). The composites containing 20 vol.% BR showed the maximum compressive strength (108 MPa), while the composites with 30 vol.% BR exhibited the maximum compressive modulus (1 GPa). Moreover, the reduction in tensile and flexural strengths with an increase in the BR content may be attributed to the lower efficiency of stress transfer between the BR particle–polyester interface due to weak adhesion at the interface, direct contact between particles, and presence of voids or porosity. Although the tensile strength and failure stress decreased with increasing filler content, the produced composites showed outstanding tensile strength (4.0–19.3 MPa) compared with conventional insulating materials. In addition, the composite with 40 vol.% BR demonstrated a flexural strength of 15.5 MPa. Overall, BR–UPR composites showed excellent compatibility with promising mechanical properties as potential insulating construction materials.
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Mouahid, Abdelaziz. "Infrared thermography used for composite materials." MATEC Web of Conferences 191 (2018): 00011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819100011.
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Many areas of the industry use composite materials, because of their good mechanical features in terms of low density and high mechanical strength. Composite materials are used wherever elevated rigidity and strength with reduced unit weight are required; such as wind turbine blades, shipbuilding, aeronautical and aerospace. However, the properties of composites can be hugely affected because of inside defaults such as delaminations or local cracks. Several non-destructive methods have been used for the verification of defects during construction or operation, such as ultrasound or x-ray. These methods are costly and difficult to implement. Non-destructive method using infrared thermography is considered very useful and works perfect with low cost. Two methods of non-destructive detection by infrared exists, which are (i) passive thermography, that consists of measuring infrared stream emitted by the material and (ii) active thermography, which consists of heating the material and measuring the cooling of material surface using an infrared camera. This communication describes the basic principles of both passive and active thermography, and then describes other different methods for detection of composite materials defects.
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Arora, H., M. Kelly, A. Worley, P. Del Linz, A. Fergusson, P. A. Hooper, and J. P. Dear. "Compressive strength after blast of sandwich composite materials." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 372, no. 2015 (May 13, 2014): 20130212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2013.0212.
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Composite sandwich materials have yet to be widely adopted in the construction of naval vessels despite their excellent strength-to-weight ratio and low radar return. One barrier to their wider use is our limited understanding of their performance when subjected to air blast. This paper focuses on this problem and specifically the strength remaining after damage caused during an explosion. Carbon-fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite skins on a styrene–acrylonitrile (SAN) polymer closed-cell foam core are the primary composite system evaluated. Glass-fibre-reinforced polymer (GFRP) composite skins were also included for comparison in a comparable sandwich configuration. Full-scale blast experiments were conducted, where 1.6×1.3 m sized panels were subjected to blast of a Hopkinson–Cranz scaled distance of 3.02 m kg −1/3 , 100 kg TNT equivalent at a stand-off distance of 14 m. This explosive blast represents a surface blast threat, where the shockwave propagates in air towards the naval vessel. Hopkinson was the first to investigate the characteristics of this explosive air-blast pulse (Hopkinson 1948 Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 89 , 411–413 ( doi:10.1098/rspa.1914.0008 )). Further analysis is provided on the performance of the CFRP sandwich panel relative to the GFRP sandwich panel when subjected to blast loading through use of high-speed speckle strain mapping. After the blast events, the residual compressive load-bearing capacity is investigated experimentally, using appropriate loading conditions that an in-service vessel may have to sustain. Residual strength testing is well established for post-impact ballistic assessment, but there has been less research performed on the residual strength of sandwich composites after blast.
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Setlak, Lucjan, Rafał Kowalik, and Tomasz Lusiak. "Practical Use of Composite Materials Used in Military Aircraft." Materials 14, no. 17 (August 25, 2021): 4812. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14174812.
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The article presents a comparative characterization of the structural materials (composites and metals) used in modern aviation structures, focusing on the airframe structure of the most modern aircraft (Airbus A-380, Boeing B-787, and JSF F-35). Selected design and operational problems were analysed, with particular emphasis on composites and light metals (aluminium). For this purpose, the Shore’s method was used for the analysis of the obtained strength results and the programming environment (ANSYS, SolidWorks) required to simulate the GLARE 3 2/1-04 composite. The focus was on highlighting the differences in the construction and modelling of these materials resulting from their various structures (isotropy and anisotropy), e.g., by analyzing the mechanics of metal destruction and comparing it with the composite material. In terms of solving the problems of finite element analysis FEM, tests have been carried out on two samples made of an aluminium alloy and a fiberglass composite. The focus was on highlighting the differences in the construction and modelling of these materials resulting from their various structures (isotropy and anisotropy), e.g., by analyzing the mechanics of metal destruction and comparing it with the composite material. On the basis of the obtained results, the preferred variant was selected, in terms of displacements, stresses, and deformations. In the final part of the work, based on the conducted literature analysis and the conducted research (analysis, simulations, and tests), significant observations and final conclusions, reflected in practical applications, were formulated.
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Komarov, V. A., and S. A. Pavlova. "Optimal design of sandwich floor panels made of high-strength composite materials considering stiffness constraints." VESTNIK of Samara University. Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering 20, no. 2 (July 9, 2021): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2541-7533-2021-20-2-45-52.
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The article considers the challenge of designing sandwich floor panels made of high-strength composites considering stiffness constraints. A dimensionless criterion is proposed for assessing the stiffness of floor panels. A new constraint equation determines an interrelation between geometrical parameters of composite constructions and a given criterion. A demo example and the results of designing a typical floor panel using a high-strength composite material are presented. The mass of a square meter of the structure is considered as an objective function, and the thickness of the skin and the height of the honeycomb core of a sandwich construction are considered as design variables. In order to find the optimal ratio of design variables, a graphical interpretation of the design problem is used considering strength and stiffness constraints in the design space. It is noted that the presence of restrictions on a given value of the permissible relative deflection leads to an increase in the required height of the honeycomb filler with an insignificant consumption of additional mass of the sandwich construction.
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Rajak, Dipen, Durgesh Pagar, Pradeep Menezes, and Emanoil Linul. "Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites: Manufacturing, Properties, and Applications." Polymers 11, no. 10 (October 12, 2019): 1667. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11101667.
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Composites have been found to be the most promising and discerning material available in this century. Presently, composites reinforced with fibers of synthetic or natural materials are gaining more importance as demands for lightweight materials with high strength for specific applications are growing in the market. Fiber-reinforced polymer composite offers not only high strength to weight ratio, but also reveals exceptional properties such as high durability; stiffness; damping property; flexural strength; and resistance to corrosion, wear, impact, and fire. These wide ranges of diverse features have led composite materials to find applications in mechanical, construction, aerospace, automobile, biomedical, marine, and many other manufacturing industries. Performance of composite materials predominantly depends on their constituent elements and manufacturing techniques, therefore, functional properties of various fibers available worldwide, their classifications, and the manufacturing techniques used to fabricate the composite materials need to be studied in order to figure out the optimized characteristic of the material for the desired application. An overview of a diverse range of fibers, their properties, functionality, classification, and various fiber composite manufacturing techniques is presented to discover the optimized fiber-reinforced composite material for significant applications. Their exceptional performance in the numerous fields of applications have made fiber-reinforced composite materials a promising alternative over solitary metals or alloys.
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Koci, Mirela. "Composite Materials Behavior Analyze for Desk, Hull and Board Yacht's Panel." European Journal of Engineering and Formal Sciences 2, no. 3 (December 29, 2018): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejef.v2i3.p48-55.
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Materials science and composite technology are advancing rapidly, and new composites such as epoxy mixtures including the application of carbon nano tubes are becoming more popular with ever growing concern for high performance marine structures. Indeed, lightness, ease of production, durability and strength enable composites to play a vital role in marine applications. As the Marine sector continues to look at improving efficiency and reducing overall costs, Composite materials will play a huge part in the future of Marine construction. The paper is focused to the static linear simulation of elastic bodies using Solid Works Simulation. Stresses analyses have been developed in the static analyze which provide tools for the linear stress analysis of parts and assemblies loaded by static loads, taking in consideration for the analyze the most stressed part of the bottom, board and desk of the yachts Keywords: Static analyze, stress, composite materials, optimization, marine sector, leisure yachts.
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Koci, Mirela. "Composite Materials Behavior Analyze for Desk, Hull and Board Yacht's Panel." European Journal of Engineering and Formal Sciences 2, no. 3 (December 1, 2018): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ejef-2018-0016.
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Abstract Materials science and composite technology are advancing rapidly, and new composites such as epoxy mixtures including the application of carbon nano tubes are becoming more popular with ever growing concern for high performance marine structures. Indeed, lightness, ease of production, durability and strength enable composites to play a vital role in marine applications. As the Marine sector continues to look at improving efficiency and reducing overall costs, Composite materials will play a huge part in the future of Marine construction. The paper is focused to the static linear simulation of elastic bodies using Solid Works Simulation. Stresses analyses have been developed in the static analyze which provide tools for the linear stress analysis of parts and assemblies loaded by static loads, taking in consideration for the analyze the most stressed part of the bottom, board and desk of the yachts
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Jelić, Aleksandra, Danijela Kovačević, Marina Stamenović, and Slaviša Putić. "Current technologies for recycling fiber-reinforced composites." Scientific Technical Review 70, no. 3 (2020): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/str2003024j.
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High strength, high toughness, and low weight make fiber-reinforced composite materials important as an alternative to traditional materials. Due to their application in different fields, such as construction, aviation, marine, automotive technologies and biomedicine, their production has increased leading to the increasement of composite wastes. New technologies for managing fiber-reinforced composite wastes have been developed to solve the issue of end-of-life of these materials. The aim of this paper is to emphasize recycling technologies used for fiber reinforced composites, and their potential reusage.
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Bruyako, Mikhail, and Larisa Grigoryeva. "Ecologically safe composite building materials based on cellulose-containing solid household waste." MATEC Web of Conferences 193 (2018): 02007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819302007.
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In the article, three technological methods for obtaining a high-filled construction composite on the basis of gypsum binders and cellulose-containing solid household waste are considered. The results of a study on the effect of changing the ratio of cardboard/gypsum binder, the specific pressing pressure, the sequence of combining the components on the properties of the final product are presented and presented. The strength of the material was determined from the final values of the flexural and compressive strengths until the specimen completely destroyed and at its 10% deformation. Studies have been carried out on the possibility of giving the building composite water resistance. The results of the research showed that the most optimal way of combining is the 2 way. The increase in water resistance of the resulting composites is significantly increased when using silicone hydrophobisers.
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KOCI, Mirela. "Stress Analysis of Composite Materials Used for Yacht Production Through Solid Work Simulation." European Journal of Economics and Business Studies 9, no. 1 (October 6, 2017): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejes.v9i1.p107-113.
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In recent years, considerable progress has been made in understanding the characteristic of composite materials and their tailored structures in the marine environment. Processing and production sectors also have received more attention resulting in the potential for the construction of complex, large assemblies capable of withstanding heavy loads. However, the key challenges involved in employing composites for marine applications include the need for optimization of capital expenditure and operating costs of boats, ships and other marine artifact’s constructed using composites. Materials science and composite technology are advancing rapidly, and new composites such as epoxy mixtures including the application of carbon nano tubes are becoming more popular with ever growing concern for high performance marine structures. Indeed, lightness, ease of production, durability and strength enable composites to play a vital role in marine applications. As the Marine sector continues to look at improving efficiency and reducing overall costs, Composite materials will play a huge part in the future of Marine construction. The paper is focused to the static linear simulation of elastic bodies using Solid Works Simulation. Stresses analyses have been developed in the static analyze which provide tools for the linear stress analysis of parts and assemblies loaded by static loads, taking in consideration for the analyze the most stressed part of the bottom, board and desk of the yachts
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Luo, Ting, and Qiang Wang. "Effects of Graphite on Electrically Conductive Cementitious Composite Properties: A Review." Materials 14, no. 17 (August 24, 2021): 4798. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14174798.
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Electrically conductive cementitious composites (ECCCs) have been widely used to complete functional and smart construction projects. Graphite, due to its low cost and wide availability, is a promising electrically conductive filler to generate electrically conductive networks in cement matrixes. Cement-based materials provide an ideal balance of safety, environmental protection, strength, durability, and economy. Today, graphite is commonly applied in traditional cementitious materials. This paper reviews previous studies regarding the effects and correlations of the use of graphite-based materials as conductive fillers on the properties of traditional cementitious materials. The dispersion, workability, cement hydration, mechanical strength, durability, and electrically conductive mechanisms of cementitious composites modified with graphite are summarized. Graphite composite modification methods and testing methods for the electrical conductivity of ECCCs are also summarized.
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Soloviova, Valentina, Dmitriy Soloviov, and Irina Stepanova. "Modern High Strength Concrete with Unique Properties." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.7 (September 27, 2018): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.7.23031.
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Artificial stone has been one of the most common materials in construction for a long time by now. Despite the variety of types of concrete, the composite is in constant motion of development and improvement. The common use of high strength composite is for the construction of high-rise buildings or projects complex in geometry.This article suggests preparing high-strength cementitious composites by complex chemical activation using chemical admixtures in combination with reactive aggregates, as they give good hydration (hardening) of concrete. Research results confirm that this practice of complex chemical activation of cement gives high-strength concrete with better strength, deformation and durability properties.
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Gnatowski, Adam, Agnieszka Kijo-Kleczkowska, Rafał Gołębski, and Kamil Mirek. "Analysis of polymeric materials properties changes after addition of reinforcing fibers." International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow 30, no. 6 (May 29, 2019): 2833–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/hff-02-2019-0107.
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Purpose The issues concerning the prediction of changes in properties of polymer materials as a result of adding reinforcing fibers are currently widely discussed in the field of polymer material processing. This paper aims to present strengths and weaknesses of composites based on polymer materials strengthened with fibers. It touches upon composite cracking at the junction of a matrix and its reinforcement. It also discusses the analysis of changes in properties of chosen materials as a result of adding reinforcing fibers. The paper shows improvement in the strength of polymer materials with fiber addition, which is extremely important, because these types of composites are used in the aerospace, automotive and electrical engineering industries. Design/methodology/approach Comparing the properties of matrix strength with fiber properties is practically impossible. Thus, fiber tensile strength and composite tensile strength shall be compared (González et al., 2011): tensile (glass fiber GF) = 900 [MPa], elongation ΔL≈ 0; yield point (polyamide 66) = 70−90 [MPa], elongation Δ[%] = 3,5-18; tensile (polyamide 66 + 15% GF) = 80-125 [MPa], elongation Δ[%] ≈ 0; tensile (polyamide 66 + 30% GF) = 190 [MPa], elongation Δ[%] ≈ 0; yield point (polyamide 6) = 45-85 [MPa], elongation Δ[%] = 4-15; tensile (polyamide 6 + 15% GF) = 80-125 [MPa], elongation Δ[%] ≈ 0; tensile (polyamide 6 + 30% GF) = 95-130 [MPa] elongation Δ[%] ≈ 0. Comparison of properties of selected polymers and composites is presented in Tables 1−10 and Figures 1 and 2. The measurement methodology is presented in detail in the paper Kula et al. (2018). The increase in fiber content (to the extent discussed) leads to the increase in yield strength stresses and hardness. The value of yield strength for polyamide with the addition of fiberglass grows gradually with the increase in fiber content. The hardness of the composite of polyamide with glass balls increases together with the increase in reinforcement content. The changes of these values do not occur linearly. The increase in fiber content has a slight impact on density change (the increase of about 1 g/mm3 per 10 per cent). Findings The use of polymers as a matrix allows to give composites features such as: lightness, corrosion resistance, damping ability, good electrical insulation and thermal and easy shaping. Polymers used as a matrix perform the following functions in composites: give the desired shape to the products, allow transferring loads to fibers, shape thermal, chemical and flammable properties of composites and increase the possibilities of making composites. Fiber-reinforced polymer composites are the effect of searching for new construction materials. Glass fibers show tensile strength, stiffness and brittleness, while the polymer matrix has viscoelastic properties. Glass fibers have a uniform shape and dimensions. Fiber-reinforced composites are therefore used to increase strength and stiffness of materials. Polymers have low tensile strength, exhibit high deformability. Polymers reinforced by glass fiber have a high modulus of elasticity and therefore provide better the mechanical properties of the material. Composites with glass fibers do not exhibit deformations in front of cracking. An increase in the content of glass fiber in composites increases the tensile strength of the material. Polymers reinforced by glass fiber are currently one of the most important construction materials and are widely used in the aerospace, automotive and electro-technical industries. Originality/value The paper presents the test results for polyethylene composites with 25 per cent and 50 per cent filler coming from recycled car carpets of various car makes. The tests included using differential scanning calorimetry, testing material hardness, material tensile strength and their dynamic mechanical properties.
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Chen, Yan Li, and Satoshk Ueharo. "Application of Glass Fiber Reinforced Composite Materials in Construction Engineering." Key Engineering Materials 852 (July 2020): 199–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.852.199.
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Glass fiber reinforced cement (GRC) is a new type of composite material formed by using alkali-resistant glass fiber as a reinforcing material and cement paste or cement mortar as a matrix. GRC is widely used in construction engineering. However, the durability of GRC is still a major problem in engineering applications, especially GRC materials have been in the hot and humid building engineering environment for a long time. The alkaline environment of the cement matrix will cause serious erosion of the glass fiber, and Will significantly reduce the mechanical properties such as flexural strength and toughness of GRC. In this paper, ordinary Portland cement is mixed with active mineral admixtures such as fly ash and silica fume to reduce the alkaline environment of GRC matrix, and to delay the erosion rate of glass fiber and increase the flexural strength and compressive strength of GRC; At the same time, the effects of different hot and humid building engineering environments on the mechanical properties of GRC were studied.
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Xue, Cuizhen, Aiqin Shen, Yinchuan Guo, and Tianqin He. "Utilization of Construction Waste Composite Powder Materials as Cementitious Materials in Small-Scale Prefabricated Concrete." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8947935.
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The construction and demolition wastes have increased rapidly due to the prosperity of infrastructure construction. For the sake of effectively reusing construction wastes, this paper studied the potential use of construction waste composite powder material (CWCPM) as cementitious materials in small-scale prefabricated concretes. Three types of such concretes, namely, C20, C25, and C30, were selected to investigate the influences of CWCPM on their working performances, mechanical properties, and antipermeability and antifrost performances. Also the effects of CWCPM on the morphology, hydration products, and pore structure characteristics of the cement-based materials were analyzed. The results are encouraging. Although CWCPM slightly decreases the mechanical properties of the C20 concrete and the 7 d compressive strengths of the C25 and C30 concretes, the 28 d compressive strength and the 90 d flexural strength of the C25 and C30 concretes are improved when CWCPM has a dosage less than 30%; CWCPM improves the antipermeability and antifrost performances of the concretes due to its filling and pozzolanic effects; the best improvement is obtained at CWCPM dosage of 30%; CWCPM optimizes cement hydration products, refines concrete pore structure, and gives rise to reasonable pore size distribution, therefore significantly improving the durability of the concretes.
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Zhang, Jun, Zude Zhou, Fan Zhang, Yuegang Tan, and Renhui Yi. "Molding process and properties of continuous carbon fiber three-dimensional printing." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 11, no. 3 (March 2019): 168781401983569. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814019835698.
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Currently, carbon fiber composite has been applied in the field of three-dimensional printing to produce the high-performance parts with complex geometric features. This technique comprise both the advantages of three-dimensional printing and the material, which are light weight, high strength, integrated molding, and without mold, and the limitation of model complexity. In order to improve the performance of three-dimensional printing process using carbon fiber composite, in this article, a novel molding process of three-dimensional printing for continuous carbon fiber composites is developed, including the construction of printing material, the design of printer nozzle, and the modification of printing process. A suitable structure of nozzle on the printer is adjusted for the continuous carbon fiber composites. For the sake of ensuring the continuity of composited material during the processing, a cutting algorithm for jumping point is proposed to improve the printing path during process. On this basis, the experiment of continuous carbon fiber composite is performed and the mechanical properties of the printed test samples are analyzed. The results show that the tensile strength and bending strength of the sample printed by polylactic acid–continuous carbon fiber composites increased by 204.7% and 116.3%, respectively compared with pure polylactic acid materials, and those of the sample printed by nylon–continuous carbon fiber composites increased by 301.1% and 17.4% compared with pure nylon materials, and those of test sample by nylon–continuous carbon fiber composites under the heated and pressurized treatment increased by 383.6% and 233.2% compared with pure nylon material.
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Panfilova, Marina. "New construction: zero cycle aspects, modern methods and promising materials." E3S Web of Conferences 138 (2019): 02018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913802018.
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This work is aimed at studying the physicochemical processes and establishing the functional dependence of the strength parameters on the sulfur concentration in the composite. The introduction of sulfur in the composite contributes to a change in strength properties, an increase in frost resistance. The dependence of strength on sulfur concentration was studied. The experimental function is determined analytically by solving a system of linear algebraic equations consisting of canonical equations of a given approximating function. The behavior of the dependence of strength on the concentration of nanotubes at two intervals is plotted graphically. Further studies are needed to gain a complete picture of the composite and its characteristics. Nowadays, the results of determining the deformative characteristics are being processed, the impact of the water-cement ratio, the equivalent economic assessment are being studied. At present, an analytical description of the physicochemical and physicomechanical dependencies is being carried out, and an aggregate mathematical model is being built. The results will be presented to the public at subsequent scientific and research conferences.
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Hyvärinen, Marko, and Timo Kärki. "The Mechanical and Physical Properties of Construction and Demolition Waste - Epoxy Composites." Key Engineering Materials 759 (January 2018): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.759.9.
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Due to the increasing concern about the environment and depleting conventional materials, a lot of research is going on in the field of material science to develop environment friendly materials, and to improve the recycling and reusing of waste materials. Composites are material providing possibilities to reach these targets. In this experimental study, the possibilities and potential in the utilization of mixed waste from recycling in the manufacturing of epoxy composites are studied. The studied properties are flexural properties, i.e. flexural strength and flexural modulus, and hardness as mechanical properties, and water absorption and thickness swelling as physical properties. Element analysis was used to determine the composition of construction and demolition waste used in manufacturing. The analysis revealed a large proportion of mineral elements with high hardness. Consequently, this had a clear impact on the hardness of the composite. The flexural properties were found to be on a reasonable level. The waste-epoxy composite showed a low uptake of water due to the minor content of hydrophilic materials present in the composite.
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Storodubtseva, Tamara, B. Bondarev, and K. Pyaduhova. "WASTE OF WOOD AND GLASS FIBER IN COMPOSITE MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTS TRANSPORT CONSTRUCTION." Actual directions of scientific researches of the XXI century: theory and practice 8, no. 1 (October 26, 2020): 156–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/2308-8877-2020-8-1-156-160.
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The results of experimental-theoretical work on the creation of new polymeric materials based on wood waste are considered. This material can be used in the outer layers of a wood-based polymer fiberglass composite in order to increase its strength properties. Instantaneous elastic moduli, conditional tensile strengths, and Poisson's ratio were determined, and the potential chemical activity of the components of the wood-based polymer fiberglass composite was revealed. The fiberglass polymer composite on the furfural-acetone monomer showed good performance when used as a structural composite of containers for storing aggressive liquids, chemically resistant tiles for shop floors, etc., which are exposed to electric current, aggressive liquids, and temperature. This material can be used in wood chemical production, capacities of energy chemical plants, furfural production, as well as in the outer layers of wood-based polymer fiberglass composite in order to increase its strength properties, specifically crack resistance. The basic compositions of the polymer fiberglass composite and its basic regulatory mechanical characteristics are given. This development is a kind of continuation of the theme of the use of forest industry waste for the production of competitive composite materials. This material will allow to utilize a huge amount of forest industry waste. In addition, the use of wood waste as a building material will make it possible to replace wood in some areas, which in turn will reduce logging and increase woodworking efficiency. All this will undoubtedly lead to an improvement in the ecological situation.
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Nguyen, Thuc Boi Huyen, and Hoc Thang Nguyen. "Lightweight Panel for Building Construction Based on Honeycomb Paper Composite/Core-Fiberglass Composite/Face Materials." Nano Hybrids and Composites 32 (April 2021): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/nhc.32.15.
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Lightweight panels for indoor constructions are typically made from composite materials with honeycomb and corrugated structures. The reinforcements are used in this study, one is fiberglass and the other is cellulose fiber, which cellulose from recycled paper. Experimental results indicate that the weight of honeycomb paper panel is light, only 13.6% of fiberglass composite and 32.6% of plywood. The presence of honeycomb structure has a significant effect on mechanical behaviors of composite panels. Both flexural and compressive strengths increase by replacing corrugated structure into honeycomb structure. During compression, the compressive strength and modulus of two-layer honeycomb/core panel are higher than those of monolayer honeycomb/core. Particularly, the honeycomb cell-wall thickness has a little effect on the weight, but has an important effect on mechanical properties. These results can be created low cost and lightweight environment-friendly panels by using recycled paper honeycomb structure.
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Keskisaari, Anna, Timo Kärki, and Tommi Vuorinen. "Mechanical Properties of Recycled Polymer Composites Made from Side-Stream Materials from Different Industries." Sustainability 11, no. 21 (November 1, 2019): 6054. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11216054.
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This study examines the mechanical properties of thermoplastic polymer composites manufactured by utilizing different side-stream materials as fillers. Two composites were manufactured from side-stream materials from the construction industry, two were manufactured from side-stream materials from the paper industry, and one was manufactured from side-stream materials from a coating factory. The matrix polymer used in the composites originated from recycling facility. The side-stream materials were used as fillers. One composite was manufactured as a reference by using wood-fiber as the filler. The tensile properties and impact strength were tested. The materials were also observed with a scanning electron microscope. Compared to the reference material, tensile strength and modulus decreased in all cases except for the sludge from the paper industry. The sludge also improved the impact strength remarkably, as the impact strength with the stone wool and stone dust from the construction industry remained the same, while the values were weakened for the others. Scanning electron microscope images showed that powder coating waste from the coating factory increased porosity and, thus, decreased the density of the material.
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Evangelista, Ana Catarina Jorge, Jorge Fernandes de Morais, Vivian Tam, Mahfooz Soomro, Leandro Torres Di Gregorio, and Assed N. Haddad. "Evaluation of Carbon Nanotube Incorporation in Cementitious Composite Materials." Materials 12, no. 9 (May 8, 2019): 1504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12091504.
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Over the last decades, new materials with outstanding performance have been introduced in the construction industry. Considering these new technologies, it is worth mentioning that nanotechnology has revolutionized various areas of engineering. In the area of civil engineering and construction, cement is used for various purposes and the search to improve its performance has been receiving growing interest within the scientific community. The objective of this research was to evaluate the behavior of cement mortar produced by the addition of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in different concentrations by comparing their physical and mechanical properties with the properties of the nanotube-free composite. Motivated by the lack of consensus in the literature concerning to the optimal dosage of CNTs in cementitious matrices, three different carbon nanotube ratios, 0.20, 0.40 and 0.60 wt % Portland cement, were investigated with the aim of evaluating the mechanical properties. Destructive tests were carried out to determine the compressive strength, flexural strength and split tensile strength. Additionally, a non-destructive test was performed to determine the dynamic elastic modulus and density. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed the interaction between the MWCNTs and the hydration products of Portland cement mortar. The results indicated the potential contribution of 0.40 wt % cement CNTs to the enhancement of the mechanical properties of the cement composite as a promising construction material.
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Ahmad, Hilton, and Khairi Supar. "Experimental Strength of Woven Fabric Kenaf Composite Plates with Different Stacking Sequences." Applied Mechanics and Materials 833 (April 2016): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.833.27.
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Awareness on implementing sustainable construction materials has risen significantly leading to increased renewable materials used commercially. Kenaf fibers are potentially used as composite reinforcements and combined with epoxy polymer to produce an advanced engineering material that may offer superior specific stiffness (and strength) to its density. Other advantages include renewability, easy during fabrication handling stage and relatively cheaper than commercial fibers counterparts. Current project aims to investigate mechanical strength of woven fabric kenaf composites coupons with different stacking orientations. Testing series under investigation includes different lay-up types with variation of plate thickness. Mechanical testing is conducted referred to relevant code of practice and associated damage observations during testing will be recorded. It is suggested that these materials are potential to provide an alternative reinforcing materials in composite fabrications and enhanced its applicability to a greater extent in local sector.
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Khadykina, E. A., and Z. A. Meretukov. "Composite Material Based on Plant Raw Materials." Materials Science Forum 974 (December 2019): 406–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.974.406.
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Modern global trends show the preferred low-rise construction, even in large cities. Lightweight concrete is the most common material for low-rise construction. Existing lightweight concrete with the wood residues addition have several disadvantages due to the properties of the aggregate. In the southern regions of Russia, walnut grows in large quantities. Only a small part of the shell is processed, the rest is buried in the ground or burned. The proposed aggregate from crushed walnut shell has several advantages compared to the traditional natural organic fillers: low water demand and decay, high strength. The nutshell in the composition has sugars, which are the cement poisons, there are no data in the literature on the crushed shell technical characteristics. Thus, it is required to determine the crushed shell technical characteristics, to choose a processing method reducing the water-soluble sugars amount in the shell, to select the lightweight concrete composition, ensuring its optimal characteristics. The new kind of lightweight concrete will have characteristics different from existing analogues.
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Răut, Iuliana, Mariana Călin, Zina Vuluga, Florin Oancea, Jenica Paceagiu, Nicoleta Radu, Mihaela Doni, et al. "Fungal Based Biopolymer Composites for Construction Materials." Materials 14, no. 11 (May 28, 2021): 2906. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14112906.
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Environmental contamination, extensive exploitation of fuel sources and accessibility of natural renewable resources represent the premises for the development of composite biomaterials. These materials have controlled properties, being obtained through processes operated in mild conditions with low costs, and contributing to the valorization of byproducts from agriculture and industry fields. A novel board composite including lignocelullosic substrate as wheat straws, fungal mycelium and polypropylene embedded with bacterial spores was developed and investigated in the present study. The bacterial spores embedded in polymer were found to be viable even after heat exposure, helping to increase the compatibility of polymer with hydrophilic microorganisms. Fungal based biopolymer composite was obtained after cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum macromycetes on a mixture including wheat straws and polypropylene embedded with spores from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and light microscopy images showed the fungal mycelium covering the substrates with a dense network of filaments. The resulted biomaterial is safe, inert, renewable, natural, biodegradable and it can be molded in the desired shape. The fungal biocomposite presented similar compressive strength and improved thermal insulation capacity compared to polystyrene with high potential to be used as thermal insulation material for applications in construction sector.
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Lee, Jungsoo, and Young Cheol Choi. "Pore Structure Characteristics of Foam Composite with Active Carbon." Materials 13, no. 18 (September 11, 2020): 4038. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13184038.
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Characterization of porous materials is essential for predicting and modeling their adsorption performance, strength, and durability. However, studies on the optimization of the pore structure to efficiently remove pollutants in the atmosphere by physical adsorption of construction materials have been insufficient. This study investigated the pore structure characteristics of foam composites. Porous foam composites were fabricated using foam composite with high porosity, open pores, and palm shell active carbon with micropores. The content was substituted 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% by volume of cement. From the measured nitrogen adsorption isotherm, the pore structure of the foam composite was analyzed using the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) theory, Barrett–Joyner–Halenda (BJH) analysis, and Harkins-jura adsorption isotherms. From the analysis results, it was found that activated carbon increases the specific surface area and micropore volume of the foam composite. The specific surface area and micropore volume of the foam composite containing 15% activated carbon were 106.48 m2/g and 29.80 cm3/g, respectively, which were the highest values obtained in this study. A foam composite with a high micropore volume was found to be effective for the adsorption of air pollutants.
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Bamaga, S. O., and M. Md Tahir. "Towards Light-Weight Composite Construction: Innovative Shear Connector for Composite Beams." Applied Mechanics and Materials 351-352 (August 2013): 427–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.351-352.427.
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Introducing low cost housing is one of the challenges face civil engineers now-days. Using lightweight construction materials i.e. cold formed steel sections is an alternate solution to overcome the challenge. In this study, a lightweight composite beam was introduced. It consists of cold formed steel section and profiled concrete slab. Experimental push tests were conducted to investigate the ductility and strength capacities of new and innovative shear connectors. The shear connectors were easy to form and give advantages to speed up the fabrication process of the proposed composite beam. The shear connectors showed large deformation and strength capacities. It is concluded that the proposed shear connectors could be used for lightweight composite beams.
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Hasan, K. M. Faridul, Péter György Horváth, and Tibor Alpár. "Potential fabric-reinforced composites: a comprehensive review." Journal of Materials Science 56, no. 26 (May 26, 2021): 14381–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-021-06177-6.
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AbstractFabric-based laminated composites are used considerably for multifaceted applications in the automotive, transportation, defense, and structural construction sectors. The fabrics used for composite materials production possess some outstanding features including being lighter weight, higher strength, and lower cost, which helps explain the rising interest in these fabrics among researchers. However, the fabrics used for laminations are of different types such as knit, woven, and nonwoven. Compared to knitted and nonwoven fabrics, woven fabrics are widely used reinforcement materials. Composites made from fabric depend on different properties such as fiber types, origin, compositions, and polymeric matrixes. Finite element analysis is also further facilitating the efficient prediction of final composite properties. As the fabric materials are widely available throughout the world, the production of laminated composites from different fabric is also feasible and cost-effective. This review discusses the fabrication, thermo-mechanical, and morphological performances of different woven, knit, and nonwoven fabric-based composites.
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Khroustalev, B. M., S. N. Leonovich, V. V. Potapov, and E. N. Grushevskaya. "COMPOSITE MATERIALS BASED ON CEMENT BINDERS MODIFIED WITH SiO2 NANOADDITIVES." Science & Technique 16, no. 6 (November 29, 2017): 459–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2227-1031-2017-16-6-459-465.
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Development of nanotechnologies allows to solve a number of problems of construction materials science: increase in strength, durability, abrasion and corrosion resistance that determines operational reliability of building constructions. Generally it is achieved due to nanoparticles that modify the structure and properties of the existing materials or products and are entered into their volume or on a surface layer. It’s theoretically and experimentally proved that the modified water has the bigger activity owing to the change of the ionic composition influencing the рН size and other parameters. As nanoparticles have a high level of surface energy, they show the increased tendency to agglomeration, meanwhile the size of agglomerates can reach several micrometers. In this regard an urgent task is to equally distribute and disaggregate the nanoparticles in the volume of tempering water. The experiments on studying of influence of the nanoparticles of silica distributed in volume of liquid by means of ultrasonic processing on characteristics of cement and sand solution and heavy concrete have been conducted. Nanoadditive influence on density, speed of strength development, final strength under compression of materials on the basis of cement depending on nanoadditive mass percent has been established.
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Panashe, J. A., and Y. Danyuo. "Recycling of plastic waste materials: mechanical properties and implications for road construction." MRS Advances 5, no. 25 (2020): 1305–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2020.197.
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AbstractThis paper presents a recent study on recycling poly-ethylene-tetraphylate (PET), known as plastic waste material in Ghana, to wealth. Composites were produced by heating aggregates together with shredded PET plastic waste material, while bitumen was added to the plastic-coated aggregates. The composites produced were reinforced with 4.5 wt%, 9.0 wt%, 13.6 wt%, and 18.0 wt% PET. Mechanical properties of the fabricated composite samples were studied with a Universal testing machine for optimization. The work demonstrated that shredded PET plastic waste material acts as a strong binding agent for bitumen that can improve on the shelf life of the asphalt. From the results, 13.6 wt% concentration of PET was shown to experience the maximum compressive strength and flexural strength. Besides, water resistance was shown to increase with PET concentrations/weight fraction. From the data characterized 13.6 wt% of PET plastic gives the optimum plastic concentration that enhances the rheological properties of bitumen. The implications of the result are therefore discussed for the use of 13.6 wt% PET in road construction.
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Balaji, N., S. Balasubramani, T. Ramakrishnan, and Y. Sureshbabu. "Experimental Investigation of Chemical and Tensile Properties of Sansevieria Cylindrica Fiber Composites." Materials Science Forum 979 (March 2020): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.979.58.
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The natural fiber reinforced composites are least expensive material and alternative material of wood, plastic material for the construction and industrial applications. The polymer based composites are used to fabricate the automobile components. The present investigation the composite materials reinforced with sansevieria cylindrica fibers were fabricated. These fibers were used because of their impressive mechanical properties. The composite panels are fabricated by hand lay-up technique. Sansevieria cylindrica fibers and polyester resin to produce the composite material. Sansevieria cylindrica plant has each leaf 20 to 30mm thickness and height 1000 to 2000mm approximately. The chemical tests of fiber and tensile strength for different fiber length composites such as 10mm, 20mm, 30mm, 40mm, & 50mm are determined.
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kanzaoui, M. El, A. Hajjaji, A. Guenbour, and R. Boussen. "Development and study of mechanical behaviour reinforcing composites by waste BTP." MATEC Web of Conferences 149 (2018): 02012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814902012.
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Composite materials are used in many industrial applications for their excellent mechanical and electric properties and their low density compared to metal structures. Most countries are extremely rich waste materials such as white ceramic breakages which represents a potential to be developed. Ceramic breakages have exceptional properties and could be effectively exploited in the manufacture of composite materials for a wide variety of applications. The composite materials reinforced by construction waste materials, such as ceramic breaks which offer significant benefits and gains in strength and stiffness properties (Young's modulus E : a material whose modulus Young is very high is said rigid).This article covers the benefits of breakages as ceramic filler used for reinforcement in composites, as well as improve the mechanical response of these structural elements (test compression).
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Jili, Qu, Wang Junfeng, Batugin Andrian, and Zhu Hao. "Characterization and Comparison Research on Composite of Alluvial Clayey Soil Modified with Fine Aggregates of Construction Waste and Fly Ash." Science and Engineering of Composite Materials 28, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 83–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/secm-2021-0008.
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Abstract Fine aggregates of construction waste and fly ash were selected as additives to modify the characteristics of Shanghai clayey soil as a composite. The laboratory tests on consistency index, maximum dry density, and unconfined compressive strength were carried out mainly for the purpose of comparing the modifying effect on the composite from fine aggregates of construction waste with that from fly ash. It is mainly concluded from test results that the liquid and plastic limit of the composites increase with the content of two additives. But their maximum dry density all decreases with the additive content. However, fine aggregates of construction waste can increase the optimum water content of the composites, while fly ash on the contrary. Finally, although the two additive all can increase the unconfined compressive strength of composites, fly ash has better effect. The current conclusions are also compared with previous studies, which indicates that the current research results are not completely the same as those from other researchers.
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Surtiyeni, Neni, Raidha Rahmadani, Neny Kurniasih, Khairurrijal, and Mikrajuddin Abdullah. "A Fire-Retardant Composite Made from Domestic Waste and PVA." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7516278.
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We report the synthesis of a composite from domestic waste with the strength of wood building materials. We used original domestic waste with only a simple pretreatment to reduce the processing cost. The wastes were composed of organic components (generally originating from foods), paper, plastics, and clothes; the average fraction of each type of waste mirrored the corresponding fractions of wastes in the city of Bandung, Indonesia. An initial survey of ten landfills scattered through Bandung was conducted to determine the average fraction of each component in the waste. The composite was made using a hot press. A large number of synthesis parameters were tested to determine the optimum ones. The measured mechanical strength of the produced composite approached the mechanical properties of wood building materials. A fire-retardant powder was added to retard fire so that the composite could be useful for the construction of residential homes of lower-income people who often have problems with fire. Fire tests showed that the composites were more resistant to fire than widely used wood building materials.
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Kiyanets, A. V. "The Negative Temperature Impact on Hardening of Magnesia Composites." Materials Science Forum 843 (February 2016): 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.843.91.
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Modern economy has a strong demand for higher speed of construction and lower construction costs both achieved by using new efficient materials. Significant climate influence on the construction technology urges to make extensive investigations on hardening the construction composite (concrete and mortar) mixtures under freezing temperatures at the actual construction site. The article focuses on the use of advanced composite materials using magnesium oxychloride cement and mineral aggregates. The results of literature review on the problem are also presented. We have found that the problem of magnesia composites hardening under freezing temperatures hasn’t been thoroughly investigated. The results of laboratory study of the effect of initial magnesia concretes maturing and mortars under the conditions of freezing temperatures on the hardening process and the final strength of the material are presented. The scientific explanation of the speed of magnesium oxychloride cement strength development in concretes and mortars which have initially undergone the influence of freezing temperatures is given.
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Martynov, Gleb V., Elena A. Morina, Aleksey I. Makarov, Daria E. Monastyreva, Zaur S. Daurov, and Roman S. Tikhonov. "Bolt attachments of composite materials under conditions of climatic ageing." Vestnik MGSU, no. 7 (July 2019): 852–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2019.7.852-861.
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Introduction: the glass-fibre reinforced plastic (GFRP) is a composite material that found wide application in construction due to its unique properties. One of the techniques of joining composite units is a bolt attachment that is distinguished by its stability and manufacturability. Owing to relative novelty of the material, there is no comprehensive experimental database and it is impossible to define the corresponding reliability coefficients. The given problem can be solved by means of accelerated climatic tests, which will replace multi-year observation over the installations and will allow conducting precise calculations during design work right nowadays.
Materials and methods: the climatic tests were conducted over samples fabricated from polymeric structural pultrusion profile GFRP for construction purposes produced by Research-and-Production Enterprise ApATeCh (Moscow). The samples were fabricated from a single batch of U-channel 388 × 120 × 10/12 (SPPS-340). The test method consists in sequential cyclic exposure of artificially created system of climatic factors (elevated air temperature and humidity, negative temperature, temperature gradients) to the tested samples and determination of material property variations under the described impacts in the main indicators or the indicator responsible for workability of the material.
Results: the obtained data were processed and the strength-time variation dependences were presented in graphic form. Using approximating dependences, the strength reduction coefficients of the bolt attachment were calculated for 100-year thermomoist exposure.
Conclusions: any significant influence of ultraviolet exposure to strength of the bolt attachments was not revealed. 100-year thermomoist exposure will reduce the bolt attachment strength by not more than one third. One can recommend to introduce revisions in normative documents including reduction of reliability coefficient K2, allowing for GFRP maintenance ageing, from 1.2 to 1.13 in company standard “Road and construction structures from composite materials”.
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Shabley, A. A., S. B. Sapozhnikov, and L. V. Shipulin. "Stochastic Micro-Meso Modeling of Cross-Ply Composites for Prediction of Softening." Solid State Phenomena 284 (October 2018): 120–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.284.120.
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Composites are extensively using in modern industry (aircraft and automobile manufacturing, construction, etc.). Nowadays high-strength and lightweight composite materials, such as FRPs, exhibit elastic and strength anisotropy and deform nonlinearly at high stresses. Also, such materials have small enough failure strain in comparison with metals, and they are drastically more expensive than steel and aluminum alloys. The most important task in the design of structures made of composite materials is the minimization of its weight without loss of strength properties. We presented the method for modeling a UD FRP with randomly arranged fibers at the micro-and meso-level. These two approaches were compared on the problem of the composite panel tension. The selection of the mesomodel mechanical characteristics was based on data of the micro-level model. In the mesomodel, the damage accumulation of middle layer (90° layer) was simulated using the Stochastic Failure criterion (random Mott scatter of layer strength). The calculated curves and data, obtained in micro-and mesomodels, correlate well with each other.
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Mutasher, Saad A., Adrian Poh, Aaron Mark Than, and Justin Law. "The Effect of Alkali Treatment Mechanical Properties of Kenaf Fiber Epoxy Composite." Key Engineering Materials 471-472 (February 2011): 191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.471-472.191.
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Increasing worldwide environmental awareness is an encouraging scientific research into the development of cheaper, more environmentally friendly and sustainable construction and packaging materials. Kenaf fibre is a natural fibre which is growing in popularity due environmental issues and its properties as filler. Epoxy is a versatile thermosetting polymer which has a low curing temperature and used in making carbon fibre and glass composites. In this paper the properties of kenaf bast fibre epoxy reinforced composite have been investigated. The effects of alkali surface treatment of the fiber on the composite properties are also investigated. A hand layup method was use to fabricate the test specimens. Generally, all the treated fibre composites performed better than the untreated fibre with an improvement approximately 5% to 10%. Epoxy has the highest tensile strength and flexural strength among all specimens. The 24wt% treated kenaf fibre composites has the highest tensile strength, 27.72MPa and flexural strength, 56.91MPa. The kenaf fiber weight fraction of 40% gave the highest impact strength. The impact strength of the 40wt% kenaf fiber increased 14.3% after alkali treatment.
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Daud, Norlinda, and Robert A. Shanks. "Highly-filled hybrid composites prepared using centrifugal deposition." Journal of Polymer Engineering 34, no. 9 (December 1, 2014): 875–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2013-0160.
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Abstract Natural composites of high filler content, such as nacre, a composite comprised of 95–99% w/w aragonite layers, have been of interest due to their hardness, strength and toughness. High filler content composites have been prepared synthetically, although due to viscosity and processing requirements, the filler content was limited compared with natural systems. In this paper we describe hybrid high filler content composites prepared to be biomimetic of nacre. Development of processing conditions increased the filler content from 50% w/w using a laboratory stirrer to obtain hybrid composites with 77–86% w/w filler content, prepared by centrifugal deposition and hot compression molding techniques. Both methods were very different from natural formation from layer-by-layer (LBL) construction, however, the composites formed were of high filler content approaching the level in nature. The composites exhibited high modulus and strength, although deformation at break was low, consistent with highly filled materials. Glass transition of the resin phase was increased slightly, while damping was decreased by filler content. Surface morphology of the fractured composite showed a layered structure of well dispersed fillers with minute voids scattered evenly, indicating that the composite was effectively compacted.
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Alhazmi, Hatem, Syyed Adnan Raheel Shah, Muhammad Kashif Anwar, Ali Raza, Muhammad Kaleem Ullah, and Fahad Iqbal. "Utilization of Polymer Concrete Composites for a Circular Economy: A Comparative Review for Assessment of Recycling and Waste Utilization." Polymers 13, no. 13 (June 29, 2021): 2135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13132135.
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Polymer composites have been identified as the most innovative and selective materials known in the 21st century. Presently, polymer concrete composites (PCC) made from industrial or agricultural waste are becoming more popular as the demand for high-strength concrete for various applications is increasing. Polymer concrete composites not only provide high strength properties but also provide specific characteristics, such as high durability, decreased drying shrinkage, reduced permeability, and chemical or heat resistance. This paper provides a detailed review of the utilization of polymer composites in the construction industry based on the circular economy model. This paper provides an updated and detailed report on the effects of polymer composites in concrete as supplementary cementitious materials and a comprehensive analysis of the existing literature on their utilization and the production of polymer composites. A detailed review of a variety of polymers, their qualities, performance, and classification, and various polymer composite production methods is given to select the best polymer composite materials for specific applications. PCCs have become a promising alternative for the reuse of waste materials due to their exceptional performance. Based on the findings of the studies evaluated, it can be concluded that more research is needed to provide a foundation for a regulatory structure for the acceptance of polymer composites.
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SELEZNEV, A. D., N. V. KUZNETSOVA, and V. A. EZERSKIY. "CEMENT BUILDING MATERIALS WITH POWDERED OPTICAL DISCS AS A FILLER." Building and reconstruction 91, no. 5 (2020): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33979/2073-7416-2020-91-5-125-132.
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The object of study is a cement composite material with powdered utilized optical discs. The objective is to establish the dependences of the main strength characteristics – compressive strength, bending strength, and density – on the amount of waste added into the mixture and the water-cement ratio. The compositions of the mixtures for the production of the cement composite material samples consisted of the following components: cement, sand, powdered waste in the form of utilized optical discs and water. Based on the results of testing the samples, mathematical models have been developed which describe the dependences of the physical and mechanical properties of the cement composite material samples on the fraction of waste and water-cement ratio. It was found that with an increase in the amount of powdered waste added into the mixture, it reduces the compressive strength, bending strength, and density of the samples under study, however, the optimization of the water-cement ratio makes it possible to obtain equal strength compositions with a different fraction of waste. Component compositions of cement composite material mixtures with the addition of powdered utilized optical discs in the amount of 10 to 25 % of the total filler mass, which can provide construction products with a compressive strength class B20, are presented.
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Lojka, Michal, Anna-Marie Lauermannová, David Sedmidubský, Milena Pavlíková, Martina Záleská, Zbyšek Pavlík, Adam Pivák, and Ondřej Jankovský. "Magnesium Oxychloride Cement Composites with MWCNT for the Construction Applications." Materials 14, no. 3 (January 20, 2021): 484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14030484.
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In this contribution, composite materials based on magnesium oxychloride cement (MOC) with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) used as an additive were prepared and characterized. The prepared composites contained 0.5 and 1 wt.% of MWCNTs, and these samples were compared with the pure MOC Phase 5 reference. The composites were characterized using a broad spectrum of analytical methods to determine the phase and chemical composition, morphology, and thermal behavior. In addition, the basic structural parameters, pore size distribution, mechanical strength, stiffness, and hygrothermal performance of the composites, aged 14 days, were also the subject of investigation. The MWCNT-doped composites showed high compactness, increased mechanical resistance, stiffness, and water resistance, which is crucial for their application in the construction industry and their future use in the design and development of alternative building products.
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Kazragis, Algimantas, Aušra Juknevičiūte, and Albinas Gailius. "UTILIZATION OF BOON AND CHAFF FOR MANUFACTURING LIGHTWEIGHT WALLING MATERIALS." JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT 12, no. 1 (March 31, 2004): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16486897.2004.9636810.
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Lightweight composites for walls and thermal insulation, containing anhydrite (An) or aluminate cement (Al), vinyl acetate (VA) or cellulose (Cl) polymeric binders and cellulose fiber fillers (boon, chaff) were produced. The best results were obtained for transportation and construction of items containing: An ≥ 30–45 %, Al ≥ 30–50 %, VA ≥ 1–5 %, Cl ≥ 0,5–5,0 %, boon or chaff ≥ 40–47 %. Polymeric binder VA for both kinds of cement is better than Cl. An is better for boon than for chaff. Aluminate cement is a good binder for both types of fiber fillers. Density r of a composite containing cements 50–60 % is less than 400 kg/m3. According to density such composite materials are light‐weight heat‐insulating materials. Density (p ≤ kg/m3) depends on the amount of cement content. Bending strength for samples with p ≤ 400 kg/m3, containing CMC is 0,6–1,3 MPa. Coefficient of thermal conductivity for samples, density with 400 kg/m3 is 0,06 W/m‐K.
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Kumari, Sanju, Ritesh Kumar, Bhuvneshwar Rai, and Gulshan Kumar. "Development of Euphorbia Latex and Bamboo Fiber Based Green Composite." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 20, no. 8 (August 1, 2020): 5282–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2020.18534.
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Novel composites with improved mechanical strength, thermally stability and better biodegradability were fabricated using polyester resin (PR) and euphorbia coagulum (EC) with natural bamboo fiber (BF) by a compression molding technique. The addition of EC makes the composite more pronounced for alkali-treated BF. The composites were characterized in terms of water absorption, mechanical, thermal and biodegradability. Composites showed considerable improvement in thermal stability, mechanical properties (flexural strength and impact strength) and biodegradability. EC modified composite shows maximum improvement in physico-mechanical properties compared to other composites. The inoculation of EC modified and unmodified composite with fungi resulted in higher growth on modified composite compared to unmodified composite. These novel composites could be labeled as sustainable material because they were prepared from low-cost BF and EC through a green approach. The composite material developed can be used in building constructions as wood substitution, automotive parts, sports goods, etc.
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Gupta, Pankaj K., and MK Gupta. "Mechanical and microstructural analysis of Al-Al2O3/B4C hybrid composites." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications 234, no. 12 (August 5, 2020): 1503–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464420720942554.
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The present work aims to enhance the mechanical performance of monolithic Al alloy and single reinforced metal matrix composite using a hybridization technique. The microparticles of alumina and boron carbide were reinforced into cast Al alloy (6061) in a systematic varying ratio (i.e.100/0, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75 and 0/100) to prepare the hybrid metal matrix composites via stir casting method. The mechanical properties (i.e. tensile, impact, hardness and flexural) of the prepared composites were investigated as per ASTM standards. Furthermore, microstructural analysis of unfractured and fractured composite samples was also carried out using Scanning Electron Microscope. It was observed that hybrid composites comprising of microparticles revealed an enhanced tensile, flexural and hardness properties, and reduced impact energy and porosity as compared to Al alloy and single reinforced metal matrix composites. The highest values of tensile strength and modulus were offered by a hybrid composite (B50A50), which was 40% and 52.12% higher than that of Al alloy. Furthermore, there was an improvement of 105.72% in flexural strength and a reduction of 23.88% in impact energy for composite B50A50 than that of Al alloy. The present developed hybrid metal matrix composites can be proposed to be used in automobile parts and construction applications.
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Nguyen, Dang Mao, Thi Nhung Vu, Thi Mai Loan Nguyen, Trinh Duy Nguyen, Chi Nhan Ha Thuc, Quoc Bao Bui, Julien Colin, and Patrick Perré. "Synergistic Influences of Stearic Acid Coating and Recycled PET Microfibers on the Enhanced Properties of Composite Materials." Materials 13, no. 6 (March 23, 2020): 1461. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13061461.
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This study aims to produce novel composite artificial marble materials by bulk molding compound processes, and improve their thermal and mechanical properties. We employed stearic acid as an efficient surface modifying agent for CaCO3 particles, and for the first time, a pretreated, recycled, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibers mat is used to reinforce the artificial marble materials. The innovative aspects of the study are the surface treatment of CaCO3 particles by stearic acid. Stearic acid forms a monolayer shell, coating the CaCO3 particles, which enhances the compatibility between the CaCO3 particles and the matrix of the composite. The morphology of the composites, observed by scanning electron microscopy, revealed that the CaCO3 phase was homogeneously dispersed in the epoxy matrix under the support of stearic acid. A single layer of a recycled PET fibers mat was pretreated and designed in the core of the composite. As expected, these results indicated that the fibers could enhance flexural properties, and impact strength along with thermal stability for the composites. This combination of a pretreated, recycled, PET fibers mat and epoxy/CaCO3-stearic acid could produce novel artificial marble materials for construction applications able to meet environmental requirements.
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Ramakrishnan, KarthikRam, Mikko Hokka, Essi Sarlin, Mikko Kanerva, Reijo Kouhia, and Veli-Tapani Kuokkala. "Experimental investigation of the impact response of novel steelbiocomposite hybrid materials." EPJ Web of Conferences 183 (2018): 02040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201818302040.
Full textAbstract:
Recent developments in the production of technical flax fabrics allow the use of sustainable natural fibres to replace synthetic fibres in the manufacture of structural composite parts. Natural fibre reinforced biocomposites have been proven to satisfy design and structural integrity requirements but impact strength has been identified as one of their limitations. In this paper, hybridisation of the biocomposite with a metal layer has been investigated as a potential method to improve the impact resistance of natural fibre composites. The impact response of biocomposites made of flax-epoxy is investigated experimentally using a high velocity particle impactor. A high-speed camera setup was used to observe the rear surface of the plates during impact. Digital Image Correlation (DIC) of the high speed camera images was used for full-field strain measurement and to study the initiation and propagation of damage during the impact. The different modes of damage in the hybrid laminate were identified by postimpact analysis of the section of the damaged composite plate using optical microscopy. The study shows the difference in impact response for different material combinations and configurations. The hybrid construction was shown to improve the impact resistance of the flax composite.
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Brzyski, Przemysław, and Grzegorz Łagód. "Physical and mechanical properties of composites based on hemp shives and lime." E3S Web of Conferences 49 (2018): 00010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184900010.
Full textAbstract:
One of the objectives of sustainable development in construction is the use of low-processed materials. They have a positive impact on the ecological balance of the building throughout the entire life cycle. Examples of such materials are materials of plant origin - straw, shives, cellulose fibers. They are used as thermal insulation or wall material. In recent years, hemp shives are increasingly used as a component of a lime-based composite, which performs the function of wall filling in timber frame constructions. The shives, due to the high porosity, determine the high thermal insulation properties of the composite. The physico-mechanical properties of the composite can be modified depending on various factors, including the ratio of hemp shives to the binder. The lime binder, in turn, can be modified by hydraulic and pozzolan additives. The paper presents mechanical properties (compressive and flexural strength) as well as physical properties (density, porosity, thermal conductivity coefficient, absorbability) of composites with various proportions of hemp shives of the Bialobrzeskie variety to the lime binder modified with Portland cement and metakaolinite.