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Journal articles on the topic 'Composite plastic spring'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 May 2022

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Rajesh, S., and G. B. Bhaskar. "Response of Composite Leaf Springs to Low Velocity Impact Loading." Applied Mechanics and Materials 591 (July 2014): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.591.47.

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Leaf springs are the traditional suspension elements, occupying a vital position in the automobile industry. This paper deals us the replacement of existing steel leaf spring by composite leaf spring. The dimensions of existing middle steel leaf spring of commercial vehicle (Tata ace mini truck) were taken and fabricated using a specially designed die. Single leaf of the suspension springs, each made up composite with bidirectional carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP), bidirectional glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) and hybrid glass-carbon fiber reinforced plastic (G-CFRP), was fabricate

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2

Raguraman, D., B. Dhanalakshmi, V. Dhinakaran, and R. Ravinder. "Design and Performance Analysis of Multi-Leaf Spring Using Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic-Metal Matrix Composite." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, no. 8 (2020): 3694–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.9263.

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Car segments have an expanding rivalry in the market and it will in general create development in the current items by either succeed with another or altered propelled material items. A suspension framework is one of the most intriguing push territories on vehicle structure. This task effort is worried about the plan and investigation of mechanical portrayal of leaf springs that are in effect despite everything utilized generally in cars as suspension segments. Car makers have the due significance on enhancement for the mileage of the vehicle which thusly on a structure perspective the weight

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3

Etemadi, E., D. Rahmatabadi, SM Hosseini, and R. Hashemi. "Experimental investigation of spring-back phenomenon through an L-die bending process for multilayered sheets produced by the accumulative press bonding technique." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications 234, no. 12 (2020): 1550–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464420720948888.

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For the first time in this study, the accumulative press bonding method was used to fabricate layer composites, including ceramic powder and metallic layers, and the spring-back as a functional plasticity test experimentally investigated. Al/Cu and Al/Cu/Al2O3 composites were successfully manufactured in five accumulative press bonding cycles, and in addition to spring-back evaluation, mechanical properties and plastic instability were investigated. The results showed that by the end of the third cycle, both composites were fully layered structure. However, in the fifth cycle in the Al/Cu/Al2O

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4

Papacz, Władysław, Edward Tertel, Peter Frankovský, and Piotr Kuryło. "Analysis of the Fatigue Life of Composite Leaf Springs." Applied Mechanics and Materials 611 (August 2014): 346–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.611.346.

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The automobile industry has shown an increased interest in the use of composite leaf springs due to their high strength to weight ratio. The introduction of composite materials has made it possible to reduce the weight of the leaf spring without any reduction in load carrying capacity and stiffness. In this paper, the results of research on fatigue life of composite (Glass Fiber Reinforced plastic – GFRP) leaf springs are presented. Composite springs were designed in such a way that they could replace steel springs in a van.

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Rajesh, S., S. Nakkeran, and GB Bhaskar. "A survey of GFRP composite leaf spring." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 3, no. 2 (2014): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v3i2.1811.

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Although leaf springs are one of the oldest suspension components, they are still frequently used in the automobile vehicles. Weight reduction is the main focus in the automobile industries. Weight reduction can be achieved primarily by the introduction of better materials, design optimization, and better manufacturing processes. The achievement of weight reduction with adequate improvement of mechanical properties has made composite a very good replacement material for conventional steel. Selection of material is based on the cost and strength of material. The composite materials have more el

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6

Melvin Savio, S., D. Somasundaram, and V. Vijaya Rajan. "Performance Analysis of Composite Leaf Spring Using Computer Aided Engineering." Applied Mechanics and Materials 787 (August 2015): 602–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.787.602.

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Automobile industries have shown more interest for the replacement of conventional steel leaf spring with that of the composite leaf spring due to its high strength to weight ratio. The objective of the work is to carry out computer aided design and analysis of composite (Glass fiber reinforced plastic) leaf spring and conventional steel leaf spring by considering certain parameters like stress, deflection and strain energy with similar design considerations and loading conditions. The material of the conventional leaf spring is 65Si7 and composite leaf spring is S2-Glass\Epoxy. The CAD model

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Santhosh Priya, Karjala, K. R. Vijaya Kumar, G. Suresh, R. Ganesamoorthy, Rajesh Ravi, and C. M. Meenakshi. "Analyzing the Fatigue Behaviour of E-Glass Fiber Reinforced Interpenetrating Polymer Networks (EP/VP/EV) Leaf Spring." Materials Science Forum 1065 (June 30, 2022): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-qx682s.

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Conventional steel springs have gradually been replaced with composite materials due to their inherit properties like high strength-to-weight ratio, relatively inexpensive ratio, and resistance against corrosion. Also, fiberglass reinforced plastic usages and its implementation is subjected in variety of fields such as vehicle and locomotive bogies, heavy commercial vehicles like vans and trucks. The current study looks at a composite material that can be used in the composite leaf spring suspension system. In this particular research, several blends of interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs)

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Wen, Xianglong, Kai Fu, Yukuan Dou, Xu Xia, and Jinguang Zhang. "Stiffness and Frequency Response Characteristics of Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic Wave Springs with Different Periods and Its Finite Element Analysis." Materials 15, no. 24 (2022): 9045. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15249045.

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Based on the stiffness theory of wave spring, this paper proposes the wave springs made of glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) and investigates the effect of the number of periods on the GFRP wave springs’ stiffness and frequency response characteristics. First of all, five different periods of composite wave springs which have identical outside dimensions are designed. Afterwards, the load-displacement curves of the GFRP wave springs are obtained using a combination of experimental and finite element analysis (FEA). Finally, the frequency response characteristics of the GFRP wave springs ar

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Prabhu, T. Ram. "Investigations of the effects of particle properties on the wear resistance of the particle reinforced composites using a novel wear model." International Journal of Computational Materials Science and Engineering 05, no. 02 (2016): 1650013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2047684116500135.

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A wear model is developed based on the discrete lattice spring–mass approach to study the effects of particle volume fraction, size, and stiffness on the wear resistance of particle reinforced composites. To study these effects, we have considered three volume fractions (10%, 20% and 30%), two sizes ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] sites), and two different stiffness of particles embedded in the matrix in a regular pattern. In this model, we have discretized the composite system ([Formula: see text] sites) into the lumped masses connected with interaction spring elements in two dim

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del Rosario, Ernesto. "Biodegradation of Plastic Waste." Transactions of the National Academy of Science and Technology 41, no. 2019 (2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.57043/transnastphl.2019.1099.

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Plastic waste has greatly contributed to water and land pollution worldwide and marine plastic waste has caused havoc on numerous biological species. Most plastics are fossil-based and cannot be fully degraded by microorganisms. Bio-based plastics derived from biomass, such as starch or cellulose, can be generally degraded into CO2 and microbial biomass. Recent scientific studies have shown that several pro-degradant additives did not perform, as claimed by plastic processors, under standard biodegradation conditions. Life cycle assessment studies in the United States and Canada confirm that t

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11

Ryu, Jae-Chang, Chan-Joo Lee, Jin-Seok Jang, and Dae-Cheol Ko. "Spring-In Prediction of CFRP Part Using Coupled Analysis of Forming and Cooling Processes in Stamping." Materials 17, no. 5 (2024): 1115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17051115.

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The spring-in phenomenon of the composite parts can affect the assembly process. This study aims to predict the spring-in phenomenon of a carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) part. Here, we predict the spring-in of the CFRP part using a coupled analysis of the forming and cooling processes during the stamping process. First, a simulation of the entire forming process, such as the transfer of the composite laminate, gravity analysis, and forming was performed to obtain the temperature distribution of the CFRP part. Subsequently, a finite-element (FE) simulation of the cooling process was cond

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12

IJRAME, Journal. "DESIGN ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURAL STEEL AND CARBON FIBER LEAF SPRING." International Journal of Research in Aeronautical and Mechanical Engineering 12, no. 10 (2024): 01–15. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13897272.

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The objective within the automotive sector is to decrease weight of the leaf spring. This weight reduction can achieved through the integration of advanced materials, optimized designs, and enhanced manufacturing practices. The industry has demonstrated considerable enthusiasm for replacing conventional steel leaf springs with those made from composites, due to their superior strength-to-weight ratio and enhanced capacity for strain energy storage. Research into the utilization of carbon fiber materials allows for a reduction in spring weight while preserving load-bearing strength. The selecti

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Hwang, Ji, Chul Jin, Min Lee, Su Choi, and Chung Kang. "Effect of Surface Roughness on the Bonding Strength and Spring-Back of a CFRP/CR980 Hybrid Composite." Metals 8, no. 9 (2018): 716. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met8090716.

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Carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP), which is a light and composite material, has a higher specific strength and stiffness than metal materials. However, owing to its low elongation, it is vulnerable to local impacts such as collision. Therefore, hybrid composite materials that can overcome the disadvantages of homogeneous materials by bonding CFRP and metal materials are increasingly popular. In this study, a physical surface treatment sandblast process was applied on a high tensile steel plate (CR980) manufactured by cold rolling to form another surface condition, and the bonding strength

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14

Okabe, T., M. Nishikawa, Nobuo Takeda, and Hideki Sekine. "Effect of Matrix Hardening on Tensile Strength of Alumina-Fiber Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composites." Key Engineering Materials 430 (March 2010): 83–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.430.83.

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This paper examines the stress distribution around a fiber break in alumina-fiber reinforced aluminum matrix (Al2O3/Al) composites using finite element analysis and predicts the tensile strength using tensile failure simulations. In particular, we discuss the effect of the matrix hardening on the tensile failure of the Al2O3/Al composites. First, we clarify the differences in the stress distribution around a fiber break between an elastic-perfect plastic matrix and an elastic-plastic hardening matrix using finite element analysis. Second, the procedure for simulating fiber damage evolution in

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Haris, Andi, Yi Wen Cheah, and Wern Sze Teo. "Thermostamping Simulation of a Carbon Fiber-Reinforced PAEK Composite Stringer." Solid State Phenomena 357 (June 11, 2024): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-l1slzo.

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The results of thermostamping simulation of a composite stringer demonstrator made from a high temperature plastic (PAEK) reinforced with 5-Harness Satin (5HS) weave carbon fiber fabric are presented in this paper. The effects of four different gripping configurations (A, B, C and D) and four different laminate layups ([0f]4 cross-ply, [45f]4 angle-ply, [0f/45f]s and [45f/0f]s quasi-isotropic layups) on the quality of the formed part are computationally investigated using AniForm™ software. The gripping configuration A consists of 22 pieces of extension spring with stiffness of 0.17 N/mm and p

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16

Lai, Liyan, Guanliang Yu, Guilian Wang, Yigui Li, Guifu Ding, and Zhuoqing Yang. "Application of Ni/SiCw Composite Material in MEMS Microspring." Micromachines 14, no. 9 (2023): 1767. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14091767.

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The microspring is a typical type of device in MEMS devices, with a wide range of application scenarios and demands, among which a popular one is the microelectroformed nickel-based planar microspring prepared by the UV-LIGA technology based on the SU-8 adhesive. It is worth noting that the yield strength of the electrodeposited nickel microstructure is low, and the toughness of the structure is not high, which is unbeneficial for the enduring and stable operation of the spring. The paper mainly presents the methods of preparing high-aspect-ratio Ni/SiCw microstructures for MEMS devices based

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17

Zhang, Zaihua, Yuqing Xiao, and Guohui Cao. "Study on Shear Resistance of Composite Interface of Steel Truss Ceramsite Concrete and Finite Element Simulation." Buildings 15, no. 6 (2025): 981. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15060981.

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This study investigates the shear behavior of steel truss ceramsite concrete composite interfaces through double-sided direct shear tests and finite element simulations. The results reveal three distinct shear response phases: elastic deformation, plastic softening, and full yielding. The interfacial shear capacity arises from synergistic contributions of bond strength, friction, and truss reinforcement action. Comparative analysis of design codes identifies Eurocode 2 as providing an optimal alignment with the experimental data. An ABAQUS-based finite element model incorporating a cohesive sp

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18

Zhang, Hong Feng, Xiao Wang, Xu Dong Ren, Shuai Gao, and Hui Xia Liu. "Laser High-Speed Impact Composite Forming of Aluminum/Aluminum." Key Engineering Materials 723 (December 2016): 196–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.723.196.

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Based on the laser-driven flyer micro forming and laser high-speed impact welding, this paper put forward the laser high-speed impact synchronous welding and forming new process, and builds the compound welding experiment platform. The three-dimensional deep field digital microscope of KEYENCE VHX-1000C was used to measure the surface morphology and the maximum deformation depth of the welding and formingsamples. By observing the surface morphology of the sample, it was found that strong plastic deformation occurred on the surface of the materials and well reproduced the shape of the mold. Whe

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19

Ye, Jihong, and Liqiang Jiang. "Simplified Analytical Model and Shaking Table Test Validation for Seismic Analysis of Mid-Rise Cold-Formed Steel Composite Shear Wall Building." Sustainability 10, no. 9 (2018): 3188. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10093188.

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To develop the cold-formed steel (CFS) building from low-rise to mid-rise, this paper proposes a new type of CFS composite shear wall building system. The continuous placed CFS concrete-filled tube (CFRST) column is used as the end stud, and the CFS-ALC wall casing concrete composite floor is used as the floor system. In order to predict the seismic behavior of this new structural system, a simplified analytical model is proposed in this paper, which includes the following. (1) A build-up section with “new material” is used to model the CFS tube and infilled concrete of CFRST columns; the sect

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Wusqo, Urwatul, Ali Awaludin, Angga Fajar Setiawan, and Inggar Septhia Irawati. "Study of Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL) Sengon to Concrete Joint Using Two-Dimensional Numerical Simulation." Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum 5, no. 3 (2019): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jcef.47694.

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The connection system is a critical part of Timber – Concrete Composite (TCC) floor structures. The behaviour of the connection needs to be known to predict the behaviour of composite structure accurately. Screws are one kind of connector that mostly used in the composite structure due to its installation ease and high withdrawal strength. This study carried out a two-dimensional numerical simulation to examine the behaviour of LVL Sengon-concrete joint using OpenSees software. The lag screw used to connect LVL Sengon and concrete. In this simulation, the screw was assumed as a beam with hinge

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21

Osswald, Tim A., Esther M. Sun, and Shi-Chang Tseng. "Experimental Verification on Simulating Shrinkage and Warpage of Thin Compression Moulded SMC Parts." Engineering Plastics 2, no. 3 (1994): 147823919400200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147823919400200306.

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One of the important issues in designing plastic parts, especially those that are fibre reinforced, is to predict shrinkage and warpage of the moulded parts. Shrinkage and warpage result from material inhomogeneities caused by flow induced fibre orientation, curing, poor thermal mould lay-out, and processing conditions. Shrinkage and warpage are directly related to residual stresses which result from locally varying strain fields that occur during the curing or solidification stage of a manufacturing process. This paper presents research conducted in numerical simulation and experimental inves

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Osswald, Tim A., Esther M. Sun, and Shi-Chang Tseng. "Experimental Verification on Simulating Shrinkage and Warpage of Thin Compression Moulded SMC Parts." Polymers and Polymer Composites 2, no. 3 (1994): 187–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096739119400200306.

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One of the important issues in designing plastic parts, especially those that are fibre reinforced, is to predict shrinkage and warpage of the moulded parts. Shrinkage and warpage result from material inhomogeneities caused by flow induced fibre orientation, curing, poor thermal mould lay-out, and processing conditions. Shrinkage and warpage are directly related to residual stresses which result from locally varying strain fields that occur during the curing or solidification stage of a manufacturing process. This paper presents research conducted in numerical simulation and experimental inves

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Dekker, N. W., and A. R. Kemp. "A simplified distortional buckling model for doubly symmetrical I-sections." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 25, no. 4 (1998): 718–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l98-001.

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Lateral torsional instability of I-beams considers the relative displacement of the unstable compression flange to the stable tension flange. It is commonly assumed that little or no distortion takes place between the two flanges. In this paper, an approach is proposed whereby the section properties that control lateral torsional buckling are adjusted to allow for the influence of cross-section distortion, by the use of simple spring models representing the relative stiffness of the flanges and the web. The model is developed for elastic, inelastic, and plastic cases and compared with the resu

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Asiri, Saeed. "Mechanical Behavior of Helical Spring Made of Composite with and without Material Property Grading under Stable Load." Journal of Nanomaterials 2022 (March 21, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9652966.

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Springs are one of the most popular means of mechanically storing and issuing energy, and they can be found in a wide variety of machines and products. Most springs are made of metal, and nowadays, there are many new alloys to choose from, but nonmetallic materials, such as the reinforced plastics and ceramics, have been appearing worldwide. The research problem is the performance for circular cross-sectional springs with the same geometry and manufactured with three different materials: steel, composite, and functionally graded material (FGM) under stable loading using finite element analysis

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Ismaeel, Luay Muhammed Ali. "Optimization and Static Stress Analysis of Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Composite Leaf Spring." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/374609.

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A monofiber reinforced composite leaf spring is proposed as an alternative to the typical steel one as it is characterized by high strength-to-weight ratio. Different reinforcing schemes are suggested to fabricate the leaf spring. The composite and the typical steel leaf springs are subjected to the same working conditions. A weight saving of about more than 60% can be achieved while maintaining the strength for the structures under consideration. The objective of the present study was to replace material for leaf spring. This study suggests various materials of hybrid fiber reinforced plastic

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Mallick, P. K. "Static Mechanical Performance of Composite Elliptic Springs." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 109, no. 1 (1987): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3225927.

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Composite elliptic spring is a new concept as an application of fiber reinforced plastics in automotive suspensions. It functions in the same vertical deflection mode and packaging space as a steel coil spring and has the potential of saving as much as 50 percent by weight over a steel spring. The unique feature of the elliptic spring is that the fibers are utilized in tension instead of shear, thus avoiding the inherent weakness of a composite material in a coiled configuration. Several elliptic spring elements can be mounted in series to obtain the desired spring rate. In this paper, mechani

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Weissitsch, Lukas, Martin Stückler, Stefan Wurster, et al. "Strain Induced Anisotropic Magnetic Behaviour and Exchange Coupling Effect in Fe-SmCo5 Permanent Magnets Generated by High Pressure Torsion." Crystals 10, no. 11 (2020): 1026. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10111026.

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High-pressure torsion (HPT), a technique of severe plastic deformation (SPD), is shown as a promising processing method for exchange-spring magnetic materials in bulk form. Powder mixtures of Fe and SmCo5 are consolidated and deformed by HPT exhibiting sample dimensions of several millimetres, being essential for bulky magnetic applications. The structural evolution during HPT deformation of Fe-SmCo5 compounds at room- and elevated- temperatures of chemical compositions consisting of 87, 47, 24 and 10 wt.% Fe is studied and microstructurally analysed. Electron microscopy and synchrotron X-ray

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Chen, Ling, Liwei Wu, Hongjun Fu, and Youhong Tang. "Design and Performance Evaluation of Polymer Matrix Composite Helical Springs." Polymers 14, no. 18 (2022): 3900. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14183900.

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Helical springs are indispensable mechanical parts widely used in industry. Lightweight is one of the development trends of helical springs. In this study, three kinds of lightweight polymer matrix composite helical springs (PMCHSs) with unidirectional, multistrand, and wrapped textile structural reinforcement (PMCHS-U, PMCHS-M, and PMCHS-W) were designed, manufactured, and evaluated. The performance of these PMCHSs and the relationship between their performance and their corresponding polymer matrix composite spring wire rods (PMCRs) were studied through the torsion test of the PMCRs and the

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Wong, W. H., P. C. Tse, K. J. Lau, and Y. F. Ng. "Spring constant of fibre-reinforced plastics circular springs embedded with nickel–titanium alloy wire." Composite Structures 65, no. 3-4 (2004): 319–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2003.11.006.

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Dabiryan, Hadi, and Mohammad H. Ashouri. "Mesoscale model for elastic modulus of warp-knitted fabric-reinforced composites based on spring model." Journal of Industrial Textiles 50, no. 1 (2019): 46–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083718821873.

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In this paper, a ‘mesoscale spring model’ was generated to predict the tensile modulus of warp-knitted fabric-reinforced composites. A previously developed geometrical model was used for generating a mechanical model as a set of series and parallel springs. For this purpose, the unit cell of straight line model was discretized into different segments. Each segment was modelled as a spring with definite constant based on the alignment of yarns in the segment. Warp-knitted fabrics (Queen's Cord) were used as reinforcement of composites. In order to validate the presented model, samples of compos

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Németh, Géza. "Possible materials and production technologies for a Special Purpose Helical Torsion Spring." Analecta Technica Szegedinensia 8, no. 2 (2014): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/analecta.2014.2.66-71.

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There are a huge number of ideas at the area of traction drives and also at that of the epicyclic or by other words, planetary drives. The majority of these designs, contain solely rigid wheels, and the contact forces that are proportional to the transmitted torque are produced by separate clamping devices. The author introduced an innovative design, which integrates some elements with merging functions. A part of the contacting rollers are elastic ones and their shape assures the requirement of uniform strength. The curiosities of the elastic rollers are their shapes. Observing both their sha

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Hwang, Ji Hoon, Chul Kyu Jin, Hyung Yoon Seo, and Chung Gil Kang. "Effect of the Number of CFRP Prepregs and Roughness at the Bonding Area on the Spring-Back and Flexural Strength of Hybrid Composites of CFRP Combined with CR980." Metals 9, no. 10 (2019): 1054. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9101054.

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Hybrid composites in which a CR980 metal plate was bonded on carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) were prepared. Hybrid composites were two types of CFRP/CR980 hybrid composites and CR980/CFRP hybrid composites. The properties of the hybrid composites according to surface roughness on CR980 plate and the laminating number of CFRP prepregs were analyzed. The spring-back or spring-go angles were also measured through the V-bending test of hybrid composites. In addition, a three-point bending test for the hybrid composites was conducted to measure the flexural strength. Spring-back occurred in

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Ma, Linlin, Jingwu He, Yizhuo Gu, et al. "Structure Design of GFRP Composite Leaf Spring: An Experimental and Finite Element Analysis." Polymers 13, no. 8 (2021): 1193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13081193.

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Due to the high load-bearing capacity and light weight, composite leaf spring with variable width and variable thickness has been increasingly used in the automobile industry to replace the conventional steel leaf spring with a heavy weight. The optimum structural design of composite leaf spring is particularly favorable for the weight reduction. In this study, an effective algorithm is developed for structural optimization of composite leaf spring. The mechanical performance of composite leaf spring with designed dimensions is characterized using a combined experimental and computational appr

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Akasaka, T., M. Katoh, S. Nihei, and M. Hiraiwa. "Two-Dimensional Contact Pressure Distribution of a Radial Tire." Tire Science and Technology 18, no. 2 (1990): 80–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.2346/1.2141696.

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Abstract Two-dimensional contact pressure distribution of a radial tire, statically compressed to a flat roadway, is analyzed using a rectangular contact patch. The tire structure is modeled by a spring-bedded ring belt comprised of a laminated-biased composite strip. The belt is supported by radial springs simulating the sidewall. The spring constant Kr was well defined previously by one of the authors. Deformation of the rectangular flat belt is obtained theoretically. The belt is subjected to inflation pressure, reaction forces transmitted from the spring bed of the tread rubber, and sheari

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Mr., Manish C. Bahalkar*1 Dr. Niranjan L. Shegokar2. "MODELLING & ANALYSIS OF HELICAL COIL SPRING UNDER DIFFERENT LOAD CONDITION BY USING FEM." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY 6, no. 7 (2017): 444–51. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.829049.

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Currently, the automobile industries have challenges of improvements in their product quality and its performance together with the weight reduction and cost reduction. Automobile industries directed their efforts towards the use of alternative materials which results in increase of strength to weight ratio. The use of composite materials is new trend in the design of automobile components due to their light weight and costs. The present work attempts to check the feasibility of select composite materials in the design of helical coil spring used in automobile suspension systems. The design of

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Gök, Dilşad Akgümüş. "Prototype production and investigation of mechanical properties of leaf springs used in air suspension systems." Engineering Solid Mechanics 12, no. 1 (2024): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5267/j.esm.2023.7.004.

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Leaf springs are machine elements that provide safety and driving comfort by storing the energy caused by the loads coming to the chassis and transport elements depending on the road conditions. Leaf springs are suspension elements commonly used particularly in heavy commercial vehicles. In this study, prototype leaf spring production was realized by forming the metal sheet and making heat treatments. Residual stress analysis, hardness, bending and strain gauge measurements were performed to examine the mechanical properties of the leaf spring produced. After the applied tempering process, the

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Kim, S., K. Kondo, and T. Akasaka. "Contact Pressure Distribution of Radial Tire in Motion With Camber Angle." Tire Science and Technology 28, no. 1 (2000): 2–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2346/1.2135988.

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Abstract Theoretical and experimental study is conducted on the contact pressure distribution of a radial tire in motion under various camber angles. Tire construction is modeled by a spring bedded elastic ring, consisted of sidewall springs and a composite belt ring. The contact area is assumed to be a trapezoidal shape, varying with camber angles and weighted load. The basic equation in a quasi-static form is derived for the deformation of a running belt with a constant velocity by the aid of Lagrange-Euler transformation. Galerkin's method and stepwise calculation are applied for solving th

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Lai, Pik-Yin, Yu-Jane Sheng, and Heng-Kwong Tsao. "Composite spring model in stretched polymer knots." Macromolecular Theory and Simulations 9, no. 8 (2000): 578–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-3919(20001101)9:8<578::aid-mats578>3.0.co;2-f.

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Ding, Y., W. K. Chiu, and X. L. Liu. "Anisotropy Related “Spring-in” of Angled Composite Shells." Polymers and Polymer Composites 9, no. 6 (2001): 393–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096739110100900604.

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Lo, K. H., J. J. Mccusker, and W. G. Gottenberg. "Composite Leaf Spring for Tank Trailer Suspensions." Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 6, no. 1 (1987): 100–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073168448700600108.

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Polilov, Alexander N., and Nikolay A. Tatus’. "Experience nature as a basis for building strong composite structures." Vestnik MGSU, no. 9 (September 2021): 1191–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2021.9.1191-1216.

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Introduction. The article is devoted an analytical overview of the methods of applying the Nature solutions for designing structures made of plastics reinforced with fibers, in particular, using rational curved fiber trajectories. The first section provides an overview of different structural models and some approaches to the micromechanics of composites. Materials and methods. Sections 2-7 discuss: analysis of rational elastic-strength properties of wood and composites for crack arrest by weak interface; methods for constructing curved paths of fibers of “flowing holes”; analyzes the ap

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Bozdog, D., and W. W. Olson. "An Advanced Shell Theory Based Tire Model." Tire Science and Technology 33, no. 4 (2005): 227–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2346/1.2174345.

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Abstract The objective of this paper is to investigate a class of general tire models that provides results suitable for usage in vehicle dynamics. Tire models currently used for vehicle dynamic analyses are overly simplistic (springs, a spring and damper combination or semi-elastic substance) or based on curve fits of experimental data. In contrast, the tire models used by major tire companies are extremely complex with solutions possible only by finite element analysis. Between these two extremes exists the potential for an elasticity based shell theory tire model. Micro-mechanics and compos

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Li, Hao, Tiehu Li, Tongyu Zhang, Jiajia Zhu, Weibin Deng, and Delong He. "Construction and Adsorption Performance Study of GO-CNT/Activated Carbon Composites for High Efficient Adsorption of Pollutants in Wastewater." Polymers 14, no. 22 (2022): 4951. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14224951.

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Based on the increasing application requirements for the efficient adsorption of wastewater pollutants, graphene oxide-carbon nanotube/activated carbon (GO-CNT/AC) composites are constructed from the optimal microstructure matching of GO, CNTs, and AC materials by solution impregnation and freeze-drying methods. Three-dimensional structures with nano-micro hierarchical pores are established, with GO and CNTs uniformly dispersed on the AC surface, effectively restrain the agglomeration. The added CNTs played a “spring” role, supporting the gap between the GO sheets and AC matrix. Meanwhile, sta

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Vedernikov, Alexander, Alexander Safonov, Fausto Tucci, Pierpaolo Carlone, and Iskander Akhatov. "Modeling Spring-In of L-Shaped Structural Profiles Pultruded at Different Pulling Speeds." Polymers 13, no. 16 (2021): 2748. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13162748.

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Cure-induced deformations are inevitable in pultruded composite profiles due to the peculiarities of the pultrusion process and usually require the use of costly shimming operations at the assembly stage for their compensation. Residual stresses formed at the production and assembly stages impair the mechanical performance of pultruded elements. A numerical technique that would allow the prediction and reduction of cure-induced deformations is essential for the optimization of the pultrusion process. This study is aimed at the development of a numerical model that is able to predict spring-in

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Zhang, Haiguang, Di Liu, Tinglong Huang, Qingxi Hu, and Herfried Lammer. "Three-Dimensional Printing of Continuous Flax Fiber-Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites by Five-Axis Machine." Materials 13, no. 7 (2020): 1678. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13071678.

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A method for printing continuous flax fiber-reinforced plastic (CFFRP) composite parts by five-axis three-dimensional (3D) printer, based on fused filament fabrication (FFF) technology, has been developed. FFF printed parts usually need supporting structures, have a stair step effect, and unfavorable mechanical properties. In order to address these deficiencies, continuous natural fiber prepreg filaments were first manufactured, followed by curved path planning for the model for generation of the G-code, and finally printed by a five-axis 3D printer. The surface quality of printed parts was gr

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Ghazaryan, Gagik, Alina Khmelnitskaia, Igor Bezsudnov, Aleksandra Kalinina, Elena Agina, and Sergey Ponomarenko. "A Concise Guide to Silicone-Based Spring-Roll Actuator Assembly." Polymers 15, no. 19 (2023): 3908. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15193908.

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A spring-roll actuator is a multilayer configuration of dielectric elastomer actuators that deforms in response to an electric field. To date, all spring-roll actuators are based on acrylate dielectric elastomers (DEs), and a few can reach deformations on a par with strains observed in natural muscles. Sensitivity to temperature and humidity, as well as the slow response times of acrylates, limit the commercialisation of these actuators. In this work, we developed a spring-roll actuator using commercial silicone DEs because they allow for a broader range of processing temperature and rapid res

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Soleimany, M. R., M. Jamal-Omidi, S. M. Nabavi, and M. Tavakolian. "Numerical Simulation of Tensile Residual Stresses in SWCNT-Reinforced Polymer Composites." International Polymer Processing 36, no. 1 (2021): 13–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ipp-2020-3957.

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Abstract The residual stresses play a significant role in the mechanical properties and strengthening capability of nanocomposites. The present research aims to numerically investigate the residual stress relaxation in nanotube-reinforced polymers in response to mechanical tensile loading. The systems under study consist of the armchair and zigzag single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) embedded in a polymer matrix. The nanotubes and polymer matrix are assumed to be bonded by van der Waals interactions based on the Lennard-Jones (L-J) potential at the interface. The interactions between carbon

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Wang, Sicong, Shuhong Xu, Lei Lu, and Lining Sun. "Roll-Out Deployment Process Analysis of a Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Composite Tape-Spring Boom." Polymers 15, no. 11 (2023): 2455. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15112455.

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Deployable extendable booms are widely used in aerospace technology due to many advantages they have, such as high folded-ratio, lightweight and self-deployable properties. A bistable FRP composite boom can not only extend its tip outwards with a corresponding rotation speed on the hub, but can also drive the hub rolling outwards with a fixed boom tip, which is commonly called roll-out deployment. In a bistable boom’s roll-out deployment process, the second stability can keep the coiled section from chaos without introducing a controlling mechanism. Because of this, the boom’s roll-out deploym

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Ali, Mumtaz, Yasir Nawab, Abdelghani Saouab, Aima Sameen Anjum, and Muhammad Zeeshan. "Fabrication induced spring-back in thermosetting woven composite parts with variable thickness." Journal of Industrial Textiles 47, no. 6 (2017): 1291–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083716686939.

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Rising demand of composite materials for high performance application require a process to manufacture composite parts with accuracy and precision. Residual stress and consequent deformation is one of major limitation in growth of composite industry. Experimental studies reported in literature focused on uniform thickness plates, L shape brackets or rings but depending upon its application, e.g. wind turbine blade, conical structures, etc., real parts do not have always the uniform thickness. In the present study, effect of increasing thickness of a part, variable thickness within a part, angl

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Zebdi, Oussama, Rachid Boukhili, and François Trochu. "Optimum Design of a Composite Helical Spring by Multi-criteria Optimization." Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 28, no. 14 (2008): 1713–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0731684408090370.

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