Journal articles: 'Composite polymer particles'

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Shabaniverki, Soheila, and Jaime J. Juárez. "Directed Assembly of Particles for Additive Manufacturing of Particle-Polymer Composites." Micromachines 12, no. 8 (August 7, 2021): 935. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12080935.

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Particle-polymer dispersions are ubiquitous in additive manufacturing (AM), where they are used as inks to create composite materials with applications to wearable sensors, energy storage materials, and actuation elements. It has been observed that directional alignment of the particle phase in the polymer dispersion can imbue the resulting composite material with enhanced mechanical, electrical, thermal or optical properties. Thus, external field-driven particle alignment during the AM process is one approach to tailoring the properties of composites for end-use applications. This review article provides an overview of externally directed field mechanisms (e.g., electric, magnetic, and acoustic) that are used for particle alignment. Illustrative examples from the AM literature show how these mechanisms are used to create structured composites with unique properties that can only be achieved through alignment. This article closes with a discussion of how particle distribution (i.e., microstructure) affects mechanical properties. A fundamental description of particle phase transport in polymers could lead to the development of AM process control for particle-polymer composite fabrication. This would ultimately create opportunities to explore the fundamental impact that alignment has on particle-polymer composite properties, which opens up the possibility of tailoring these materials for specific applications.

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Dang, Zhi-Min, Jin-Kai Yuan, Jun-Wei Zha, Peng-Hao Hu, Dong-Rui Wang, and Zhong-Yang Cheng. "High-permittivity polymer nanocomposites: Influence of interface on dielectric properties." Journal of Advanced Dielectrics 03, no. 03 (July 2013): 1330004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010135x13300041.

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Flexible dielectric composites with high permittivity have been extensively studied due to their potential applications in high-density energy capacitors. In this review, effects of interface characteristics on the dielectric properties in the polymer-based nanocomposites with high permittivity are analyzed. The polymer-based dielectric composites are classified into two types: dielectric–dielectric (DD, ceramic particle-polymer) composites and conductor–dielectric (CD, conductive particle-polymer) composites. It is highly desirable for the dielectric–dielectric composites to exhibit high permittivity at low content of ceramic particles, which requires a remarkable interface interaction existing in the composite. For conductor–dielectric composites, a high permittivity can be achieved in composite with a small amount of conductor particle, but associated with a high loss. In this case, the interface between conductor and polymer with a good insulating characteristic is very important. Different methods can be used to modify the surface of ceramic/conductor particles before these particles are dispersed into polymers. The experimental results are summarized on how to design and make the desirable interface, and recent achievements in the development of these nanocomposites are presented. The challenges facing the fundamental understanding on the role of interface in high-permittivity polymer nanocomposites should be paid a more attention.

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Hao, Xiang Yang, Xiao Ying Hua, Guo Sheng Gai, and Jian Lu. "Preparing ACB/UHMWPE Composite by PCS Process and its Electric Resistance-Temperature Behavior." Advanced Materials Research 826 (November 2013): 223–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.826.223.

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Composite particles with ultra-high molecular polyethylene (UHMWPE) matrix core and acetylene black (ACB) shell were produced by particle composite system (PCS), and molded into conductive polymer composites. Morphology of these composite particles was investigated by SEM. Matrix particles were coated by ACB nanoparticles very well. Conductive networks of ACB in polymer composites were seen by SEM. The results of electrical behavior study show that the polymer composites exhibit low percolation threshold and its electric conductivity is less affected by temperature due to unusual ACB distribution. Related mechanism is discussed.

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Sabarinathan, P., K. Rajkumar, and A. Gnanavelbabu. "Mechanical Properties of Almond Shell-Sugarcane Leaves Hybrid Epoxy Polymer Composite." Applied Mechanics and Materials 852 (September 2016): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.852.43.

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In this work agricultural wastages such as sugarcane leaves and almond shell particles were reused as reinforcement in polymer material. This paper revealed the effect of sugarcane leaves, and almond shell particle on mechanical property of polymer composites. Sugarcane leaves were chopped to size of 50mm*50mm and almond shell of average 1mm particle size were used to fabricate epoxy polymer composite by hand layup technique. Tensile, flexural and impact test were carried out to evaluate the mechanical property of the composite. Scanning electron microscopy study shows that uniform particle distribution and good bonding between particles and epoxy polymer.

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Shakuntala, Ojha, Gujjala Raghavendra, and Acharya Samir Kumar. "Effect of Filler Loading on Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Wood Apple Shell Reinforced Epoxy Composite." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/538651.

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During the last century, natural fibers and particulates are used as reinforcement in polymer composite that has been continuously growing in the composite industry. This polymer matrix composite has wide range of applications in hostile environment where they are exposed to external attacks such as solid particle erosion. Also, the mechanical properties of different polymer composites show the best alternate to replace the metal material. In the present investigation, an attempt has been made to improve the mechanical and tribological behaviour of polymer matrix composite using wood apple shell particles as a filler material in polymer matrix. Also the temperature variation of the dynamic-mechanical parameters of epoxy matrix composites incorporated with 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt% of wood apple shell particles was investigated by DMA test. It is clearly observed that the incorporation of wood apple shell particles tends to increase the tensile strength, flexural strength, erosive wear resistance, and viscoelastic stiffness of the polymer composite. To validate the results, SEM of the polymer matrix composite has been studied.

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Hsieh, Tsung-Han, Ming-Yuan Shen, Yau-Shian Huang, Qi-Qian He, and Hsuan-Chih Chen. "Mechanical Properties of Glass Bead-Modified Polymer Composite." Polymers and Polymer Composites 26, no. 1 (January 2018): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096739111802600105.

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This present work investigated the adhesive effect of the material properties and fracture toughness of a thermosetting epoxy polymer modified with micron-sized glass beads. Various surface treatments were used to modify the surfaces of the glass beads in order to consider the effect of the glass bead particle/epoxy adhesion on the material properties and toughness of the polymer-based composites. Adding glass beads into polymer resulted in an increase in the modulus. The maximum value of the modulus was obtained for the polymer composite modified with well-bonded glass beads. The addition of the glass beads to polymers leads to a significant improvement in the fracture toughness. The particle/matrix adhesion strongly affects the toughness of the glass bead-modified polymers. The coupling agent silane treatment and release agent Frekote treatment caused well-bonded particles and poorly-bonded particles with the epoxy matrix. Both of the surface treatments result in a significant increase in the toughening performance. Toughening mechanisms of plastic void growth and crack deflection caused by the addition of the glass beads were found on the fracture surfaces of the tested specimens.

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Hao, Xiang Yang, Guo Sheng Gai, Yu Fen Yang, Yi He Zhang, and Ce Wen Nan. "Preparation of Conductive Composite Particles by Impact Coating Process." Key Engineering Materials 336-338 (April 2007): 2044–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.336-338.2044.

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PCS (particle composite system) is a kind of dry coating equipment. The PCS process involves encapsulating UHMWPE (ultra-high molecular polyethylene) particles with a layer of SCB (super conductive carbon black) or ACB (acetylene black), and subsequently compacting these CB-encapsulated UHMWPE powders by compression molding to manufacture conductive polymer composites respectively. Morphologies of these composite particles were investigated by SEM. By SEM, we can see the conductive networks of CB in polymer composites. Coating-molding process with PCS can be used to form network structure in ceramics and metal as well.

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Leary, B., and CJ Lyons. "A Novel Composite Polymer Latex Technology." Australian Journal of Chemistry 42, no. 12 (1989): 2055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9892055.

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The physical chemistry involved in the invention and development of a novel aqueous composite polymer latex technology at Dulux Australia is described. The polymerization process employed leads to a latex wherein each particle contains a blend of two or more copolymers. These particles are sterically stabilized by a new class of non-ionic reactive surfactant which results in excellent colloidal stability. A paint based on this technology has been commercialized in the coil coating industry. The particle size distribution of the latex used in this paint is studied before, during and after polymerization. The evidence obtained confirms that the desired composite polymer particles are formed by a suspension polymerization mechanism and that little or no polymer separation due to secondary nucleation (nucleation of polymer particles from the aqueous phase) takes place.

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Majer, Zdeněk, Luboš Náhlík, and Lucie Malíková. "Particulate Composite Damage: The Influence of Particle Shape on Crack Path." Key Engineering Materials 662 (September 2015): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.662.77.

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Using stiff particles mixed into polymer matrix may significantly improve global mechanical response of the composite. Unfortunately, this process leads to other side effects, for example, presence of stress concentration at the particle-matrix interface or negative influence on the fracture toughness. The paper presents an approach to estimate the influence of particles on the micro-crack propagation. Material properties of matrix and particles were estimated experimentally. A two-dimensional computational model was proposed and all calculations were done in software ANSYS. On the base of linear elastic fracture mechanics, the influence of the particle shape on the micro-crack propagation paths was analyzed via numerical studies. The results of numerical simulations show that the shape of the particles can significantly influence the micro-crack path as well as the stress intensity factor on the crack tip, which corresponds to fracture toughness of polymer composite filled with rigid particles. The conclusions of this paper could contribute to better understanding of the behavior of the polymer composites.

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Gopi, K. R., and R. Nagarajan. "Application of Power Ultrasound in Cavitation Erosion Testing of Nano-Ceramic Particle/Polymer Composites." Solid State Phenomena 136 (February 2008): 191–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.136.191.

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Cavitation erosion is predominant in pipelines for liquid transportation, causing damage to pipe wall, impeller and their accessories. The present study is focused on development of cavitation -wear resistant nano-ceramic particle-reinforced polymer matrix material; and on study of its feasibility to be used as lining material in hydraulic transportation. The polymer/nano composite is fabricated using power ultrasound in all three process steps: synthesis of nano-dimensional particles of white fused alumina (WFA) from micron size particles, optimized blending and finally reinforcement into poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) matrix. The effect of ultrasonic parameters on nanocomposite/ virgin polymers (like polyethylene and polypropylene) is studied by measuring mass loss of the materials and suspension turbidity during exposure time. At low frequency (20-60 kHz), cavitation intensity is predominant; this effect is utilized for fabricating sub-micron particles, and for performing accelerated cavitation erosion tests. At high frequency, acoustic streaming is predominant; this effect is utilized for blending and reinforcing of the nano ceramic particles into polymer matrix. The size and quantity of the particles generated by cavitation erosion was analyzed by Laser Particle Size Analyzer (20 nm-1400 micron range). The nano-composite coupons were analyzed before and after the ultrasonic erosion test using SEM. It is concluded that lowfrequency sonication is a viable option for cavitaton erosion testing of ceramic/polymer composites.

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Xu, Xue Feng, H. F. Chen, H. T. Ma, B. X. Ma, and Wei Peng. "The Mechanism of Polymer Particles in Silicon Wafer CMP." Materials Science Forum 626-627 (August 2009): 231–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.626-627.231.

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In order to increase the material removal rate of silicon wafer, composite abrasives slurry was used in CMP. Zeta potential of polymer particle was measured and interaction potential energy between silica abrasives and polymer particles in slurry were analyzed and calculated. Adsorptions between silica abrasives and polymer particles were observed with TEM. CMP experiments had been taken to analyze the effects of polishing parameters (the concentration of colloidal silica and polymer particle, the pressure and the speed of polishing) on the material removal rate. The mechanism of polymer particle in polishing was elaborated. Experimental results indicated that PS, PMMA and BGF polymer particles could adsorb silica abrasives in slurry. Silica shell/PS core, silica shell/PMMA core and silica shell/BGF core particles could be used to formulate composite abrasives slurries. The material removal rate with composite abrasives slurry was higher than that of single abrasive slurry. The maximum material removal rate was obtained with silica shell/BGF core composite abrasives slurry.

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Wei, Qinghua, Yanen Wang, Yiwen Rao, Anguo Jiang, Kun Zhang, Tingli Lu, and Xiongbiao Chen. "Evaluating the Effects of Nanosilica on Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Polyvinyl Alcohol/Polyacrylamide Polymer Composites for Artificial Cartilage from an Atomic Level." Polymers 11, no. 1 (January 6, 2019): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11010076.

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Due to the superior performances of nanosilica particles, this research has been designed to study their effects on the mechanical and trigological properties of a PVA/PAM polymer composite by a molecular dynamics simulation method. To realize the research objectives mentioned above, the molecular models of amorphous cells and sandwiched friction models for pure polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/polyacrylamide (PAM) (component weight ratio is 1:1) and PVA/PAM/nanosilica (component weight ratio is 5.75:5.75:1) polymer composites were constructed and simulated, respectively. The simulation results of the mechanical properties show increases about 31.6% in the bulk modulus, 53.1% in the shear modulus, and 50.1% in the Young’s modulus by incorporating a nanosilica particle into a pure PVA/PAM polymer composite. Meanwhile, the changes in Cauchy pressure, B/G ratio, and Poisson’s ratio values indicate that incorporating a nanosilica particle into pure PVA/PAM weakened the ductility of the composite. Incorporating a nanosilica particle into a pure PVA/PAM composite also showed a decrease about 28.2% in the abrasion rates and relative concentration distributions of polymer molecules in the final friction models. Additionally, the binding energy and the pair correlation functions between a nanosilica particle and the polymer chains in a cubic cell demonstrate that incorporating nanosilica into PVA/PAM polymer composites improves the internal binding strength between different components through the forming hydrogen bonds. As a result, the mechanical and tribological properties of PVA/PAM polymer composites can be enhanced by incorporating nanosilica particles.

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Wang, Huabin, Jianmei Li, Gaoyang Hu, Bo Zhou, and Yuchen Guo. "Effect of Binder Coatings on the Fracture Behavior of Polymer–Crystal Composite Particles Using the Discrete Element Method." Coatings 11, no. 9 (September 6, 2021): 1075. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11091075.

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Polymer–crystal composite particles formed by crystals coated with binders are widely used in the fields of medicine, energy, the chemical industry, and civil engineering. Binder content is an important factor in determining the mechanical behavior of composite particles. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the underlying effect of binder coatings in the fracture micromechanics of polymer–crystal composite particles using the discrete element method (DEM). To achieve this objective, realistic particle and crystal shapes were first obtained and reconstructed based on X-ray micro-computed tomography (μCT) scanning and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. A series of single particle crushing tests and DEM simulations were conducted on real and reconstructed polymer–crystal composite particles, respectively. Based on the experimental and DEM results, the effect of binder coatings on the crushing strength and crushing patterns of polymer–crystal composite particles was measured. Moreover, the micromechanics of the development and distribution of microcracks was further investigated to reveal the mechanism by which binder coatings affect polymer–crystal composite particles.

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Pan, Yayue, Abhishek Patil, Ping Guo, and Chi Zhou. "A novel projection based electro-stereolithography (PES) process for production of 3D polymer-particle composite objects." Rapid Prototyping Journal 23, no. 2 (March 20, 2017): 236–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-02-2016-0030.

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Purpose Polymer-particle composites, which have demonstrated wide applications ranging from energy harvesting and storage, biomedical applications, electronics and environmental sensing to aerospace applications, have been investigated for decades. However, fabricating polymer-particle composites with controlled distribution of particles in polymer continues to be a fundamental challenge. As to date, a few additive manufacturing (AM) technologies can fabricate composites, however, with a limited choice of materials or limited dispersion control. Against this background, this research investigated a hybrid polymer-particle composite manufacturing process, projection electro-stereolithography (PES) process, which integrates electrostatic deposition and projection based stereolithography (SL) technologies. Design/methodology/approach In PES process, a photoconductive film collects charged particles in the regions illuminated by light. Then, collected particles are transferred from the film to a polymer layer with defined patterns. Lastly, a digital mask is used to pattern the light irradiation of the digital micromirror device chip, selectively curing the photopolymer liquid resin and particles of that layer. By transferring particles from the photoconductive film to the photopolymer in a projection-based SL system, multi-material composites with locally controlled dispersions could be produced. A proof-of-concept PES testbed was developed. Various test cases have been performed to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the developed approach. Findings Challenges in this novel AM process, including process design, particle patterning and transferring, are addressed in this paper. It is found that particles can be transferred to a layer of partially cured resin completely and accurately, by using the stamping approach. The transferring rate is related to stamping force and degree of conversion of the recipient layer. The developed hybrid process can fabricate polymer-particle composites with arbitrary dispersion pattern, unlimited printable height and complicated geometries. Originality/value Although an electrostatic deposition process has been investigated as a 3D printing technology for many years, it is the first attempt to integrate it with projection SL for fabricating multi-material polymer composite components. The novel hybrid process offers unique benefits including local dispersion control, arbitrary filling patterns, wide range of materials, unlimited printable height and arbitrary complicated geometries.

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Halder, Bijoy K., Angelica M. Palomino, and Jordan Hicks. "Influence of polyacrylamide conformation on fabric of “tunable” kaolin–polymer composite." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 55, no. 9 (September 2018): 1295–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2017-0200.

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“Tunable” clay–polymer composites have the potential to improve the engineering properties of clay materials. The importance of these materials derives from the ability of the responsive polymer to adopt various conformations (coiled, partially extended or extended), which in turn impacts the mesoscale properties of the material. However, the influence of polymer molecule conformation on particle arrangement and overall composite behavior is not well understood. The purpose of this study is to understand the fabric development due to the conformational behavior of the polymer, and thus the clay–polymer composite, over a wide range of solids content and stress levels. The polymer molecule conformation was controlled using selected fluid pH and ionic concentrations. Results show that the polymer conformation significantly influences clay fabric formation. When the polymer molecules are likely to have extended conformation, the dominant fabric mode is face-to-face and particle mobilization increases. Both face-to-face and edge-to-edge fabric formation dominate the behavior of the composite when coiled conformation is likely, resulting in a decrease in interparticle movement. Thus, the polymer conformation can be used to manipulate both the interparticle spacing between particles and (or) aggregates and arrangement of particles.

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Rjafallah, Abdelkader, Abdelowahed Hajjaji, Fouad Belhora, Abdessamad El Ballouti, Samira Touhtouh, Daniel Guyomar, and Yahia Boughaleb. "PZT ceramic particles/polyurethane composites formalism for mechanical energy harvesting." European Physical Journal Applied Physics 89, no. 3 (March 2020): 30901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjap/2020190102.

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More recently, the ferroelectric ceramic/polymer composites have been progressively replacing ferroelectric ceramics and polymers as they combine their interesting properties. Such as high compliance of polymers and high electromechanical coupling of ferroelectric ceramics those are required for piezoelectric transducer applications. At the same time, the ferroelectric ceramic/polymer composites formalism for predicting their energy-conversion capabilities is of both academic and industrial interest. The novelty of this paper is that the electrical power harvested by the PZT/PU polarized composite has been expressed in terms of the effective longitudinal piezoelectric coefficient (d33) of the composite via a parameter p related to the poling ratio. Besides, the parameter p, that is characterizing the PZT/PU composites with different longitudinal piezoelectric coefficients (d33), was evaluated. The other parameters of the electrical power expression were calculated using the Yamada model for the dielectric, piezoelectric and elastic constants. Finally, a good agreement was found between experience and model.

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Ahmed, N., and Mohammad Bilal Khan. "Improvement in Mechanical Properties of High Concentration Particle Doped Thermoset Composites." Key Engineering Materials 442 (June 2010): 335–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.442.335.

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The paper relates to high concentration particle doped composites based on thermosetting polymer systems in which the sequential addition of particles of certain size distribution is followed by curing and casting of the slurry to form a thermoset composite. Conventionally, at a threshold of beyond 90% of particles by weight of the polymer using triglyceride, the mechanical properties of the composite exhibit a sharp decline. The present research mitigates this behavior by incorporating a unique combination of cross-linking agents in the base polymer to impart exceptional mechanical properties to the composite. More specifically, the base polymer consists of butadiene, with triglyceride as cross-linking agent together with hydroxy-alkane as the chain extension precursors, when tune to the appropriate level of hard segment ratio in the polymer. An added advantage according to the present work resides in the analytical nature of butadiene pre-polymer as opposed to natural product; traditional composites based on natural sources are hampered by their inconsistent chemical composition and poor shelf life in the fabricated composite. The thermoset composite according the present research exhibits superior tensile strength (200-300 psi) properties using particle loading as high as 92% by weight of the fabricated composite as measured on a Tinius Olsen machine. Dynamic Mechanical Testing reveals interesting combination of storage and loss moduli in the fabricated specimens as a function of optimizing the thermal response of the viscoelastic composite to imposed vibration loading.

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Nishiwaki, Kouichi, and Minoru Katou. "Fluoric/acrylic composite polymer particles." Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 153, no. 1-3 (August 1999): 317–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0927-7757(98)00452-x.

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Li, Xiao Chuan, and Xiang Yong Huang. "Numerical Investigation of Thermal Conductivity of Particle Dispersive Composites Based on Fractal Method." Advanced Materials Research 616-618 (December 2012): 1808–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.616-618.1808.

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Heat conduction performance of particle dispersive composites has been numerically investigated by using Finite volume method (FVM) and fractal theory. The effects of the thermal conductivity of particle and polymer matrix, the volume fraction of conductive particle, the dispersion and reunion form of particles on the effective thermal conductivity of composites are analyzed in detail. Results from the research indicate that thermal conductivities of composites will increase nonlinearly along with the increase of filling fraction of particles. Keeping the filling fraction constant, the dispersion and reunion form and direction of particles has significant effect on heat conduction performance of composite. Simple use of high thermal conductivity particles has limited effect on thermal performance of composites. Enhancing the contacts of particle in the direction of heat exchange and forming high heat transfer channels are the main and economical ways to improve heat conduction performance of particulate filled polymer matrix composites.

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Chen, Chuntian, Lei Wang, Xinmei Liu, Wenlong Yang, Jiaqi Lin, Gaoru Chen, and Xinrui Yang. "K0.5Na0.5NbO3-SrTiO3/PVDF Polymer Composite Film with Low Remnant Polarization and High Discharge Energy Storage Density." Polymers 11, no. 2 (February 12, 2019): 310. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11020310.

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A high recoverable energy storage density polymer composite film has been designed in which the ferroelectric-paraelectric 0.85 (K0.5Na0.5NbO3)-0.15SrTiO3 (abbreviated as KNN-ST) solid solution particles were introduced into polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) polymer as functional fillers. The effects of the polarization properties of K0.5Na0.5NbO3 (KNN) and KNN-ST particles on the energy storage performances of KNN-ST/PVDF film were systemically studied. And the introduction of SrTiO3 (ST) was effective in reducing the remnant polarization of the particles, improving the dielectric properties and recoverable energy storage density of the KNN-ST/PVDF films. Compared to KNN/PVDF films, the dielectric permittivity of composite films was enhanced from 17 to 38 upon the introduction of ST. A recoverable energy storage density of 1.34 J/cm3 was achieved, which is 202.60% larger than that of the KNN/PVDF composite films. The interface between the particles and the polymer matrix was considered to the enhanced dielectric permittivity of the films. And the reduced remnant polarization of the composites was regarded as the improving high recoverable energy storage density. The results demonstrated that combing ferroelectric- paraelectric particles with polymers might be a key method for composites with excellent dielectric permittivity, high energy storage density, and energy efficiency.

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Hao, Xiang Yang, Xiao Ying Hua, Jian Lu, Guo Sheng Gai, and Xiang Ming Kong. "Preparing CNT/UHMWPE Composite and it’s Electrical Property Study." Advanced Materials Research 454 (January 2012): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.454.67.

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Composite particles with ultra-high molecular polyethylene (UHMWPE) core and carbon nanotube (CNT) shell were produced by an impact coating process, and molded into conductive polymer composites. Morphology of these composite particles was observed and the electrical behavior of these molded composites was measured. UHMWPE particles were very well coated by CNT, and conductive networks of CNT were formed after molding. These conductive polymer composites with low loadings of conductive filler exhibit lower room-temperature resistivity, and volume resistivity decreases with temperature on the whole. This is because of the CNT distribution is uniform in a macroscopic view but is oriented in a mesoscopic view. Thermionic emission of CNT is strong in polymer composites produced by this process. A related mechanism is discussed.

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Huang, Yu-Chao, Pei-Wen Lin, Wen-Jian Qiu, and Ta-I. Yang. "AMPHIPHILIC POLYMER-ASSISTED SYNTHESIS OF HYDROXYAPATITE PARTICLES AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE RHEOLOGICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF THERMOSENSITIVE HYDROGELS." Biomedical Engineering: Applications, Basis and Communications 28, no. 02 (April 2016): 1650013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4015/s1016237216500137.

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Polymeric composite materials hold promise for versatile advanced applications. Of utmost importance for these applications is incorporating inorganic particles within polymer matrices which lead to multifunctional polymeric composites with desired functions. Specifically, thermosensitive polymeric hydrogels incorporating particle fillers have elicited widespread interest because of promising applications in drug delivery, tissue engineering, and medical devices. Although these materials are frequently discussed in many research fields, there are no decisive conclusions reported in literature, showing how the particle filler affects the rheological and mechanical behaviors of the resulting hydrogels. In this research, hydroxyapatite (HAp) bioceramics with definable morphologies were synthesized in order to reveal their effects on the resulting properties of HAp/polymer composite hydrogels. HAp particles with spherical, sheet-like and rod-like shapes were prepared with assistance by adding amphiphilic surfactant, poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(propylene oxide)-b-poly(ethylene oxide) in synthesis. Thermosensitive composite hydrogels with controllable rheological and mechanical properties were thus developed by incorporating HAp particles into poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PEG-PLGA) hydrogel. Experimental results revealed that the rheological and mechanical properties of the resultant HAp/PEG-PLGA composite hydrogel not only influenced by the added HAp particle amount, but also by the particle morphology and interactions between particles and hydrogels. The findings from this research provide a critical guideline for designing thermosensitive composite hydrogels with required rheological and mechanical properties.

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Samal, Sneha, and Ignazio Blanco. "Investigation of Dispersion, Interfacial Adhesion of Isotropic and Anisotropic Filler in Polymer Composite." Applied Sciences 11, no. 18 (September 15, 2021): 8561. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11188561.

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The movement of isotropic and anisotropic particles of iron and graphite within the polymer matrix was predicted and examined by the COMSOL simulation method. The interfacial adhesion of filler particles within the matrix was investigated under surface features observation. Carbonyl Iron (CI) particles, considered to be regular with a uniform size of (1–5 µm), were mixed with irregular particles of graphite (20–150 µm) with 30 V% in quantity in a silicone rubber matrix. The particle–matrix and particle–particle interactions were analyzed from the inner surface features. The drag of non-spherical particles and particle Reynolds numbers (Rep) were taken into consideration in point force models for both the Stokes (Rep ≪ 1) and Newton regime for particle shape. Newton regime is based on the aspect ratio for particles with regular and irregular shapes. The boundary area of the irregular particles holds like an anchor inside the polymer matrix for strong adhesion; however, regular particles have partial attachment due to the gravitational pull of attraction from the bottom contact points. However, uniform distribution of isotropic particles has been observed in comparison to the anisotropic particles within the polymer matrix.

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MURATA, Junji, Yasuhiro TANI, Miyuki YAMADA, Takeshi YANAGIHARA, and Yu ZHANG. "S132021 Development of Composite Particle Polishing Using Polymer Particles." Proceedings of Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan 2011 (2011): _S132021–1—_S132021–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecj.2011._s132021-1.

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Dechet, Maximilian, Juan Gómez Bonilla, Lydia Lanzl, Dietmar Drummer, Andreas Bück, Jochen Schmidt, and Wolfgang Peukert. "Spherical Polybutylene Terephthalate (PBT)—Polycarbonate (PC) Blend Particles by Mechanical Alloying and Thermal Rounding." Polymers 10, no. 12 (December 11, 2018): 1373. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10121373.

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In this study, the feasibility of co-grinding and the subsequent thermal rounding to produce spherical polymer blend particles for selective laser sintering (SLS) is demonstrated for polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) and polycarbonate (PC). The polymers are jointly comminuted in a planetary ball mill, and the obtained product particles are rounded in a heated downer reactor. The size distribution of PBT–PC composite particles is characterized with laser diffraction particle sizing, while the shape and morphology are investigated via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A thorough investigation and characterization of the polymer intermixing in single particles is achieved via staining techniques and Raman microscopy. Furthermore, polarized light microscopy on thin film cuts enables the visualization of polymer mixing inside the particles. Trans-esterification between PBT and PC during the process steps is investigated via vibrational spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In this way, a new process route for the production of novel polymer blend particle systems for SLS is developed and carefully analyzed.

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Lebouachera, Seif El Islam, Laurence Pessoni, Mohammed Abdelfetah Ghriga, Nathalie Andreu, Rachida Chemini, Bruno Grassl, and Stéphanie Reynaud. "Rheological behaviour and adsorption phenomenon of a polymer–particle composite based on hydrolysed polyacrylamide/functionalized poly(styrene-acrylic acid) microspheres." Soft Matter 15, no. 27 (2019): 5449–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9sm00844f.

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Nocke, A. "Polymer composite based microbolometers." Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems 2, no. 2 (August 1, 2013): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/jsss-2-127-2013.

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Abstract. This work focuses on the basic suitability assessment of polymeric materials and the corresponding technological methods for the production of infrared (micro-) bolometer arrays. The sensitive layer of the microbolometer arrays in question is composed of an electrically conductive polymer composite. Semi-conducting tellurium and vanadium dioxide, as well as metallic silver, are evaluated concerning their suitability as conductive filling agents. The composites with the semi-conducting filling agents display the higher temperature dependence of electrical resistance, while the silver composites exhibit better noise performance. The particle alignment – homogeneous and chain-shaped alike – within the polymer matrix is characterized regarding the composites' electrical properties. For the production of microbolometer arrays, a technology chain is introduced based on established coat-forming and structuring standard technologies from the field of polymer processing, which are suitable for the manufacture of a number of parallel structures. To realize the necessary thermal isolation of the sensitive area, all pixels are realized as self-supporting structures by means of the sacrificial layer method. Exemplarily, 2 × 2 arrays with the three filling agents were manufactured. The resulting sensor responsivities lie in the range of conventional microbolometers. Currently, the comparatively poor thermal isolation of the pixels and the high noise levels are limiting sensor quality. For the microbolometers produced, the thermal resolution limit referring to the temperature of the object to be detected (NETD) has been measured at 6.7 K in the superior sensitive composite layer filled with silver particles.

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Alsaadi, Mohamad, Ahmet Erkliğ, and Mehmet Bulut. "Mixed-mode I/III fracture toughness of polymer matrix composites toughened with waste particles." Science and Engineering of Composite Materials 25, no. 4 (July 26, 2018): 679–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/secm-2016-0326.

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Abstract Fracture toughness of particle-filled polymer composite beams with different particle content for varying of crack inclination angles was investigated in mode I and mode III loading conditions. The beams were tested using three-point bending test with crack inclination angles of 30°, 45°, 75°, and 90°. Sewage sludge ash (SSA), fly ash (FA), and silicon carbide (SiC) microparticles were used as toughening fillers with 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt% contents of the total weight of the polymer composites. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs showed that a good indication was observed for dispersion of FA, SSA, and SiC particles within the polymer matrix. The critical crack tip stress intensity factors KIc (crack angle 90°) and KIIIc, and the critical strain energy release rates GIc and GIIIc were calculated and their results were compared. The mode I and mode III fracture toughness of the particulate polyester composite were improved by addition of particulate fillers. The maximum values of fracture toughness mode I (KIc and GIc) and mode III (KIIIc and GIIIc) were recorded at particle content of 5 wt% polymer composites.

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Krause, Kim, Philipp Sauerbier, Tim Koddenberg, and Andreas Krause. "Utilization of Recycled Material Sources for Wood-Polypropylene Composites: Effect on Internal Composite Structure, Particle Characteristics and Physico-Mechanical Properties." Fibers 6, no. 4 (November 7, 2018): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fib6040086.

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In this study, various wood material sources were used for the manufacture of wood-polymer composites (WPC). The materials were categorised as virgin wood particles (VWP), reprocessed WPC particles (RWP) and recycled thermoset composite particles (RCP) and derived from two virgin wood sources, three-layer particleboards, medium-density fibreboards (MDF) boards, or two different wood/polypropylene composites. All produced wood-polypropylene compounds contained 60% wood material and were manufactured using a co-rotating extruder. Malleated polypropylene was used as a coupling agent. Specimens were injection moulded and subsequently tested for their physico-mechanical properties. To characterize particles before and after processing, dynamic image analysis (DIA) measurement were performed. Additionally, X-ray micro-computed tomography (XµCT) was used to characterize the internal structure of the composites and to verify the obtained particle’s characteristics. It was found that length and aspect ratio of particles were remarkably different before and after processing (loss in length of 15–70% and aspect ratio of 10–40%). Moreover, there were notably differences between the particle sources (RCP retained the highest length and aspect ratio values, followed by VWP and RWP). The results suggest that increased aspect ratios can indeed significantly improve mechanical properties (up to 300% increase in impact bending strength and 75% increase in tensile strength, comparing WPC based either on virgin spruce or MDF material). This phenomenon is suggested to be partially superimposed by improved dispersion of particles, which is expected due to lower variance and increased mechanical properties of RWP composites. However, no notable alterations were observed for composite density. Reprocessed WPC and, particularly, RCP material have proved to be an appealing raw material substitute for the manufacturing of wood–polymer composites.

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Xu, Xue Feng, H. T. Ma, B. X. Ma, and Wei Peng. "Experimental Study on Parameter Optimization of Silicon Wafer CMP Using Composite Abrasives Slurry." Advanced Materials Research 69-70 (May 2009): 214–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.69-70.214.

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In order to increase the material removal rate of silicon wafer, composite abrasives slurry was used in CMP. The mechanism of interaction between silica abrasives and polymer particles was analyzed. Small silica abrasives were seen to attach onto the surface of the polymer particles. Composite abrasives slurry was obtained by adding polymer particles into single abrasive slurry. Three key parameters, the concentration of colloidal silica, the concentration of polymer particle and the speed of polishing, which influence the material removal rate of silicon wafer were analyzed by Taguchi method and the optimal parameters were obtained. Experimental results indicated that the maximum material removed rate of 353nm/min was obtained when optimal craft parameters of 5% colloidal silica, 3% polymer particle, 50rpm plate and carrier rotation speed were selected.

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Tashkinov, M. A., A. D. Dobrydneva, V. P. Matveenko, and V. V. Silberschmidt. "Modeling the Effective Conductive Properties of Polymer Nanocomposites with a Random Arrangement of Graphene Oxide Particles." PNRPU Mechanics Bulletin, no. 2 (December 15, 2021): 167–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/perm.mech/2021.2.15.

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Сomposite materials are widely used in various industrial sectors, for example, in the aviation, marine and automotive industries, civil engineering and others. Methods based on measuring the electrical conductivity of a composite material have been actively developed to detect internal damage in polymer composite materials, such as matrix cracking, delamination, and other types of defects, which make it possible to monitor a composite’s state during its entire service life. Polymers are often used as matrices in composite materials. However, almost always pure polymers are dielectrics. The addition of nanofillers, such as graphene and its derivatives, has been successfully used to create conductive composites based on insulating polymers. The final properties of nanomodified composites can be influenced by many factors, including the type and intrinsic properties of nanoscale objects, their dispersion in the polymer matrix, and interphase interactions. The work deals with modeling of effective electric conductive properties of the representative volume elements of nanoscale composites based on a polymer matrix with graphene oxide particles distributed in it. In particular, methods for evaluating effective, electrically conductive properties have been studied, finite element modelling of representative volumes of polymer matrices with graphene oxide particles have been performed, and the influence of the tunneling effect and the orientation of inclusions on the conductive properties of materials have been investigated. The possibility of using models of resistive strain gauges operating on the principle of the tunneling effect is studied. Based on the finite-element modeling and graph theory tools, we created approaches for estimating changes in the conductive properties of the representative volume elements of a nanomodified matrix subjected to mechanical loading.

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Hsu, Ting-Chia, Li-Ting Lee, and Xin-Yun Wu. "Investigations on Novel Ternary Green Polymer Composite." Processes 8, no. 1 (December 27, 2019): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8010031.

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In this study, the novel ternary green polymer composites of poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA)/poly(ethylene adipate)/hexagonal boron nitride (PLLA/PEA/h-BN) were synthesized and prepared. The crystallization rate of the biodegradable polymer PLLA in the composite was significantly increased with the addition of PEA and functional h-BN. In ternary PLLA/PEA/h-BN composites, PEA can be used as a plasticizer, while h-BN is a functional nucleation agent for PLLA. The analysis of the isothermal crystallization kinetics by the Avrami equation shows that the rate constant k of the ternary PLLA/PEA/h-BN composite represents the highest value, indicating the highest crystallization in the ternary composite. Adding h-BN in the composite can further increase the k value and increase the crystallization rate. Polarized optical microscopy (POM) images reveal that h-BN is an effective nucleation agent that increases the nucleation density of composites. Analysis of wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) further confirmed that the crystalline structures of PLLA were unchanged by the addition of PEA and h-BN. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images show that the h-BN particles are uniformly distributed in the composite. The distribution of h-BN having a particle size of a few hundred nm causes an effective nucleation effect and promotes the crystallization of the ternary composites.

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33

GOZDECKI, CEZARY. "Application of the modified hybrid rule of mixture (ROHM) and Halpin– Tsai equation for predicting mechanical properties of wood/hemp/polymer composites." Annals of WULS, Forestry and Wood Technology 106 (January 15, 2019): 4–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.7730.

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Application of the modified hybrid rule of mixture (ROHM) and Halpin–Tsai equation for predicting mechanical properties of wood/hemp/polymer composites. An object of investigations was hybrid wood-polymer composite containing HDPE, hemp fibers and wood particles. The degree of addition of hemp and wood particles ranged from 0 to 60% of filler. The usefulness of the mathematical models ROHM and Halpin-Tsai to predict the Young's modulus of composites was tested. Additionally, experimental research was carried out. It was found that the hemp content in the wood-polymer composite significantly influences the growth of the composite module. The usefulness of mathematical models for predicting the Young's modulus of hybrid composites was also confirmed.

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34

Jahanzad, Fatemeh, Siobhan Mobberley, Basu Saha, and Brian W. Brooks. "Composite polymer particles via concentrated emulsification." Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 302, no. 1-3 (July 2007): 286–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2007.02.045.

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35

Chen, Qing Chang, Wei Guo, Hang Wu, Zhen Zhong Zheng, Ming Zhang, and Qing Guo Chu. "Preparation, Characterization and Infrared Emissivity Properties of Cu / Polyurethane Composite." Advanced Materials Research 197-198 (February 2011): 483–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.197-198.483.

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By the addition of flake Cu particles to polyurethane the infrared emissivity of polymers can be decreased significantly. In this work, the flake copper particles were prepared by solution phase reduction method. The PU pre-polymer was prepared by a typical method which using polyether polyol N220 and tolylene diisocyanate (TDI). Cu/Polyurethane composite was prepared by using incorporation method. The structure and morphology of Cu particles and Cu/Polyurethane composite were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrum spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Detector (EDS). Moreover, the effects of copper particles content on infrared emissivity properties of composite were studied too. The results show that the flake Cu particles were prepared and dispersed well in polyurethane matrix. The infrared emissivity of composite was decreased with increasing particles loading. The composites get lowest infrared emissivity 0.546 when the loading of fillers increased to 20%.

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36

Yamamoto, Tetsuya, Yuya Takahashi, and Naoya Toyoda. "Dispersion of Nano-materials in Polymer Composite Materials." MATEC Web of Conferences 333 (2021): 11003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202133311003.

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Polymer composites materials are the subject of extensive studies because of their novel properties compared with their constituent materials. Dispersion stability of sub-micron sized particles in the medium is important from the point of colloidal views. In the present study, dispersion of nano-materials in the matrix polymer is one of the most important problems to enhance their mechanical properties. We tackled this problem to carry out surface modification of the nano-materials, such as carbon nano tubes (CNTs), using amphiphilic polymers, polyNvinylacetamide (PNVA), synthesized thorough radical polymerization. Hydrogen bond worked between PNVA onto the modified nano-materials and hydrophilic matrix, such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), to enhance surface adhesions and dispersions of the nano-materials in the matrix. As a result, the mechanical properties of their composites materials were strengthened. When CNTs were used in PVA, the transparency of the composite was also increased due to improvement of their dispersions. In addition, if the CNTs formed the networks in the composites, the highly conductive and transparent polymer composite films were fabricated.

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37

Yamamoto, Tetsuya, Yuya Takahashi, and Naoya Toyoda. "Dispersion of Nano-materials in Polymer Composite Materials." MATEC Web of Conferences 333 (2021): 11003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202133311003.

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Polymer composites materials are the subject of extensive studies because of their novel properties compared with their constituent materials. Dispersion stability of sub-micron sized particles in the medium is important from the point of colloidal views. In the present study, dispersion of nano-materials in the matrix polymer is one of the most important problems to enhance their mechanical properties. We tackled this problem to carry out surface modification of the nano-materials, such as carbon nano tubes (CNTs), using amphiphilic polymers, polyNvinylacetamide (PNVA), synthesized thorough radical polymerization. Hydrogen bond worked between PNVA onto the modified nano-materials and hydrophilic matrix, such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), to enhance surface adhesions and dispersions of the nano-materials in the matrix. As a result, the mechanical properties of their composites materials were strengthened. When CNTs were used in PVA, the transparency of the composite was also increased due to improvement of their dispersions. In addition, if the CNTs formed the networks in the composites, the highly conductive and transparent polymer composite films were fabricated.

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38

Jannat, Nur E., Md Ashraful Alam, M. A. Rahman, M. M. Rahman, M. K. Hossain, S. Hossain, H. Minami, and Hasan Ahmad. "Carboxylic acid modified pH-responsive composite polymer particles." Journal of Polymer Engineering 39, no. 7 (July 26, 2019): 671–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2019-0069.

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Abstract pH-responsive polymers are attracting much interest from researchers because of their wide application potentials in areas like biosensor, bioseparator, bioreactor, biocatalysis, drug delivery, and water treatments. In this investigation a two-step process is evaluated to prepare carboxyl(–COOH) functional submicrometer-sized pH-responsive composite polymer particles. First, submicrometer-sized polystyrene (PS) particles are prepared by a modified conventional dispersion polymerization. In the second step, PS/poly(methacrylic acid-acrylamide-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) [PS/P(MAA-AAm-EGDMA)] composite polymer particles are synthesized by seeded co-polymerization of methacrylic acid, acrylamide, and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate in the presence of PS seed particles. The size distributions and morphologies analyzed by electron micrographs suggested that seeded copolymerization smoothly occurred without formation of any secondary tiny copolymer particles. The surface composition and functionality are confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance. The hydrodynamic diameter increased with the increase in pH values as part of the carboxyl groups are deprotonated, which favored the swelling of copolymer layer formed around the surface of PS particles. The adsorption of cationic and anionic surfactants at two different pH values showed that adsorption of cationic surfactant is favored at higher pH value whereas that of anionic surfactant is favored at lower pH value.

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39

Ovchinnikov, Vasily, Elena E. Mastalygina, and Petr Pantyukhov. "Investigation of Novel Polymer Composites Based on Recycled Multilayer Combined Packaging Materials." Solid State Phenomena 299 (January 2020): 94–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.299.94.

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Polymer composite based on multilayer combined packaging wastes was prepared and investigated. The composite was made of tetrahedral package wastes, where cardboard part was removed. It was found that obtained composite material has blended polymer matrix that consists of low-density polyethylene, high-density polyethylene and polypropylene. Melting temperature of individual polymers in composite shifts to lower temperatures than that of the initial components. It is the evidence of destruction process or interaction between polymers. The hard particles of aluminum and cellulose are uniformly distributed in the composite. For that reason, these particles do not reduce melt fluidity significantly. The tensile strength and elasticity modulus are higher for the obtained material compared to pure polyethylene. The results show a high potential for the use of the developed composite material.

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40

Mic, Cristian Barbu, Marcela Mihai, Cristian Dragos Varganici, Simona Schwarz, Dan Scutaru, and Bogdan C. Simionescu. "Effects of (complementary) Polyelectrolytes Characteristics on Composite Calcium Carbonate Microparticles Properties." Materiale Plastice 54, no. 4 (December 30, 2017): 708–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/mp.17.4.4929.

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This study follows the possibility to tune the thermal stability of some CaCO3/polymer composites by crystal growth from supersaturated solutions controlled by polymer structure or by using nonstoichiometric polyelectrolyte complexes (NPECs). As the ratio between the organic and inorganic parts in the composites controls the Ca2+/polymer network crosslinking density, the CaCO3/polymer weight ratio was kept constant at 50/1, varying the initial concentration of the polyanions solutions (0.05 or 0.06 wt.%), the NPECs molar ratio , n+/n- (0.2 or 0.4), or the inorganic precursors concentration (0.25 or 0.3 M). Poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid-co-acrylic acid) (PSA) and chondroitin-4-sulfate (CSA) were used as polyanions. Some NPEC dispersions, prepared with the same polyanions and poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH), were also used for calcium carbonate crystallization. The characteristics of the prepared composites were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), flow particle image analysis (FPIA), particles charge density (CD), zeta-potential (ZP). The thermal stability of the composite particles was investigated as compared to bare CaCO3 microparticles prepared at the same initial inorganic concentrations.

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41

Kairytė, Agnė, Saulius Vaitkus, and Sigitas Vėjelis. "Titanate-Based Surface Modification of Paper Waste Particles and its Impact on Rigid Polyurethane Foam Properties." Key Engineering Materials 721 (December 2016): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.721.58.

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Producing particulate filled polymer composites, even dispersion and sufficient adhesion between filler and polymer matrix is of great importance. In order to solve these issues, methodologies, such as ultrasonic dispersing and coupling agents, are proposed. The impact of particle surface modification with three different titanate coupling agents having the tradenames of TCA L44, TCA L38 and TCA K44 on paper waste sludge particles surface, polyurethane foam composite density, compressive and tensile strengths as well as water absorption and water vapour permeability is evaluated. Apparently, titanates form layer on the particle surface, thus increasing the interfacial adhesion between particles and polymer matrix. Basing on the obtained results, the optimal amount and type of titanate is 1 wt.% of TCA K44.

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42

Alsewailem, Fares D., and Yazeed A. Binkhder. "Effect of Coupling Agent on the Properties of Polymer/Date Pits Composites." Journal of Composites 2014 (January 9, 2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/412432.

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The morphology of the fracture surfaces of polymer/date pits composites was investigated. Polymers used in this study were high density polyethylene (HDPE) and polystyrene (PS). Date pits in the form of granules were two types of date pits: khlaas (K) and sekari (S). Two coupling agents, diphenylmethane-4 4′-diisocyanate (DPMI) and ethylene propylene grafted with malice anhydride (EP-g-MA), were used to ease the incorporation of date pit particles into polymer matrix. The SEM micrographs of the neat composites, that is, with no coupling agents, showed coarse morphology with bad dispersion, adhesion, and distribution of date pit particles within the polymer matrix. On the other hand, PS100/K composites coupled with DPMI and EP-g-MA had reasonable dispersed phase size with good distribution and adhesion to the composite matrix which in turn improve the mechanical properties of the resulted polymer/date pits composites.

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Yoganandam, K., Vigneshwaran Shanmugam, A. Vasudevan, D. Vinodh, N. Nagaprasad, Balasubramaniam Stalin, Alagar Karthick, Chandrabhanu Malla, and Murugesan Bharani. "Investigation of Dynamic, Mechanical, and Thermal Properties of Calotropis procera Particle-Reinforced PLA Biocomposites." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2021 (July 5, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2491489.

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The thermal behavior of the biodegradable Calotropis procera (CP) particle-reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) biocomposites was investigated. The injection molding process was used to make the composites, and the CP particle weight percentage was varied during the process (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%). The melt flow index, heat deflection temperature, Vicat softening point, and the thermal properties of the composites were determined using dynamic mechanical testing. The results were analyzed and compared to the thermal properties of the neat PLA. The results revealed the increase in thermal stability of the PLA due to the addition of CP particles. The CP particles aided in the restriction of polymer mobility, which elevated the glass transition temperature of the composite. Incorporating CP particles in the PLA can increase the PLA/CP composite utilization in heat dissipation applications.

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Sun, Xiao Gang, and Chao Ying Xie. "Damping Characteristics of a NiMnGa/Polymer Composite Material." Materials Science Forum 561-565 (October 2007): 697–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.561-565.697.

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NiMnGa alloys are attractive for the magnetic induced shape memory effect, especially as promising functional elements in smart composite materials and structures. Recently, more attentions are put on NiMnGa composite materials. In this paper, NiMnGa particles have been dispersed and oriented in a polymer matrix with high content under magnetic field. The damping behavior of NiMnGa/polymer composites was investigated in by DMA, contrasting to the pure polymer.

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Majer, Zdeněk, and Luboš Náhlík. "Influence of Interphase Imperfection on Micro-Crack Behavior in Polymer Composites Filled by Rigid Particles." Key Engineering Materials 586 (September 2013): 194–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.586.194.

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In this paper a particulate composites with polypropylene matrix and rigid mineral fillers are studied. The polymer particulate composites are frequently used in many engineering applications. Due to the physical and chemical interaction between matrix and particles a third phase (generally called interphase) is formed. The composite is modeled as a three-phase continuum. The properties of particles and interphase have a significant effect on the global behavior of the composite. On the basis of fracture mechanics methodology the interaction of micro-crack propagation in the matrix filled by rigid particles covered by the very soft interphase is analyzed. The effect of the composite structure on their mechanical properties is studied here from the theoretical point of view. The properties of particles and matrix were determined experimentally. Conclusions of this paper can contribute to a better understanding of the behavior of micro-crack in polymer particulate composites with respect to interphase.

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Wieczorek, Jakub, Agata Blacha-Grzechnik, Jerzy Łabaj, and Grzegorz Siwiec. "Tribological Properties of Polymer Composites Reinforced with Silver Particles." Advanced Materials Research 1036 (October 2014): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1036.65.

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The paper presents results of investigations on a potential for utilisation of waste materials, containing silver powders, ceramics and polymer, for production of PTFE-matrix composites. The waste is a mix of Ag powders (10 – 15%), SiC and Al2O3 powders (20 – 50%) and polymeric powders (20 –50%). For composite production, high-temperature press moulding method was applied. Reinforcing materials and the matrix powder were mixed and subjected to the pressing process in a graphite mould at 350oC. Composite specimens containing 25% Ag, 50% Ag and 75% Ag were obtained. For the obtained composites, density, HB hardness and a friction coefficient were determined. The friction coefficient was evaluated in the “pin-on-block” test with the sliding distance of 2500 m and a load of 25 N with no lubrication. Wear of the composites was assessed based on a profilometry analysis. The obtained results suggest that the composites may be applied for manufacturing of components resistant to abrasive wear with a required, low friction coefficient.

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Lu, Qi, Kisuk Choi, Jae-Do Nam, and Hyoung Jin Choi. "Magnetic Polymer Composite Particles: Design and Magnetorheology." Polymers 13, no. 4 (February 8, 2021): 512. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13040512.

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As a family of smart functional hybrid materials, magnetic polymer composite particles have attracted considerable attention owing to their outstanding magnetism, dispersion stability, and fine biocompatibility. This review covers their magnetorheological properties, namely, flow curve, yield stress, and viscoelastic behavior, along with their synthesis. Preparation methods and characteristics of different types of magnetic composite particles are presented. Apart from the research progress in magnetic polymer composite synthesis, we also discuss prospects of this promising research field.

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48

Shabnam, R., M. A. Rahman, M. A. J. Miah, M. K. Sharafat, H. M. T. Islam, M. M. Rahman, M. A. Gafur, and H. Ahmad. "Fabrication of Epoxide Functional Hydrophobic Composite Polymer Particles by Suspension Polymerization and Subsequent Doping with Fe³O⁴ Nanoparticles." Journal of Scientific Research 9, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 329–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v9i3.31811.

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This investigation described a simple three-step process for the fabrication of micrometer-sized magnetic composite polymer particles. This composite polymer particle consisted of crosslinked hydrophobic poly(lauryl methacrylate-divinyl benzene) (P(LMA-DVB)) core, prepared by suspension polymerization. Then, P(LMA-DVB) copolymer core particles were coated with poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) by seeded polymerization to introduce epoxide functionality. Finally, P(LMA-DVB)/PGMA composite particles were doped with iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles following in situ co-precipitation of Fe2+ and Fe3+ from their alkali aqueous solution. The presence of strained oxirane ring derived from PGMA segment present at the surface is expected to induce high affinity towards precipitated magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The compositional structure of P(LMA-DVB)/PGMA/Fe3O4 composite polymer particles was confirmed by Fourier Transform IR (FTIR), electron microscopy, thermogravimetry (TG), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX).

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49

Xu, Xue Feng, B. X. Ma, Feng Chen, and Wei Peng. "Study on Effect of Composite Particles in Polishing Process and Its Mechanism." Advanced Materials Research 24-25 (September 2007): 155–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.24-25.155.

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In this paper, mixed slurries containing silica abrasives and polystyrene (PS) polymer particles in deionized water at pH 10.5 have been evaluated for silicon wafer polishing. By applying the theory of electric double layer model, the effect of the particle interactions in mixed slurry is investigated. Zeta potential measurements and TEM images have been used to show the formation of composite particles. The polishing mechanism with composite particles slurries is discussed. Polishing experiments with the mixed slurries formed by coating smaller (~30nm) abrasives onto softer and larger (~2000nm) polymer particles have shown the superior characteristic with higher removal rate and high surface quality.

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Huang, Li Hong, Xiaoxiang Yang, and Jianhong Gao. "Study on Microstructure Effect of Carbon Black Particles in Filled Rubber Composites." International Journal of Polymer Science 2018 (October 11, 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2713291.

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Abstract:

The cross sections of blended natural/styrene-butadiene (NSBR) composites filled with different volume fractions of carbon particles were observed using a Quanta 250 scanning electron microscope. In addition, the sizes and distributions of the carbon particles were analyzed using Nano Measurer. A two-dimensional representative volume element model (RVE) for a rubber composite reinforced with circular carbon particles was established, and the uniaxial tensile behaviors of polymer nanocomposites with different particle size distribution patterns were simulated using the ABAQUS software. The results showed the following. (1) For the random models, if the difference of particle size was larger and particle distance was closer, stress distribution would be denser as well as the stress concentration would become greater. However, if the difference of particle size was small, for the case of same particle volume fraction, the particle size has little influence on the macromechanical properties whether the average size is large or small. (2) The correlation between the volume fraction and distribution of the carbon particles revealed that when the volume fraction of carbon black particles was larger than 12%, clusters between carbon particles in the polymer nanocomposites could not be avoided and the modulus of the composites increased with an increase in the cluster number.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Composite polymer particles'

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