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Journal articles on the topic 'Composite Structures'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Marin, Marin, Dumitru Băleanu, and Sorin Vlase. "Composite Structures with Symmetry." Symmetry 13, no. 5 (2021): 792. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13050792.

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In recent years, the use of composite materials in structural applications has been observed. The composites have revolutionized the field of materials and allow for interesting and new developments in different engineering branches. At the same time, in all areas of engineering, there are some products or parts of products or components that contain repetitive or identical elements. Here, different types of symmetry can occur. Such systems have been studied by various researchers in the last few decades. In civil engineering, for example, most buildings, works of art, halls, etc. have, in the

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2

Abrate, Serge. "Composite structures: impact on composites 2002." Composite Structures 61, no. 1-2 (2003): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0263-8223(03)00026-6.

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3

Marshall, I. H. "Composite structures." NDT & E International 27, no. 4 (1994): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0963-8695(94)90457-x.

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4

van Tooren, M., C. Kasapoglou, and H. Bersee. "Composite materials, composite structures, composite systems." Aeronautical Journal 115, no. 1174 (2011): 779–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000006527.

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Abstract The first part of the history of composites in aerospace emphasised materials with high specific strength and stiffness. This was followed by a quest for reliable manufacturing techniques that guaranteed sufficiently high fibre volume fractions in complex structural parts with reasonable cost. Further improvements are still possible leading, ultimately to an extension of the functionality of composite structures to non-mechanical functions. Reduction of material scatter and a more probability-based design approach, improved material properties, higher post buckling factors, improved c

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Yu, Wenbin. "A Review of Modeling of Composite Structures." Materials 17, no. 2 (2024): 446. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17020446.

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This paper provides a brief review on modeling of composite structures. Composite structures in this paper refer to any structure featuring anisotropy and heterogeneity, including but not limited to their traditional meaning of composite laminates made of unidirectional fiber-reinforced composites. Common methods used in modeling of composite structures, including the axiomatic method, the formal asymptotic method, and the variational asymptotic method, are illustrated in deriving the classical lamination theory for the composite laminated plates. Future research directions for modeling compos

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Kientzl, Imre, Imre Norbert Orbulov, János Dobránszky, and Árpád Németh. "Mechanical Behaviour Al-Matrix Composite Wires in Double Composite Structures." Advances in Science and Technology 50 (October 2006): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.50.147.

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The fibre reinforced metal matrix composites (FRMMC-s) are one of the main groups of the composite materials. The composite wires are continuous-fibre-reinforced aluminium matrix composites, which are made by a continuous process. Composite wires already have a few experimental applications for the reinforcement of high voltage electric cables. Other experimental application fields of these materials are the preferential reinforcement of the cast parts. In this way significant decrease in the weight could be achieved. The aim of this study is to show the excellent mechanical properties of the

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Potter, K. D., M. R. Wisnom, M. V. Lowson, and R. D. Adams. "Innovative approaches to composite structures." Aeronautical Journal 102, no. 1012 (1998): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000065659.

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The precise birth date of the aerospace composites industry cannot readily be identified; perhaps one should really talk about its rebirth as the first aircraft relied on natural composites such as wood. McMullen gives 1946 as the date that work on cellulose based composites for aircraft use was abandoned in favour of much more stable inorganic reinforcement fibres. This change in the direction of approach was crucial to further developments and can be thought of as marking the start of the aerospace composites industry that can be seen today. Whatever the exact date the industry is now about

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Amaechi, Chiemela Victor, Cole Chesterton, Harrison Obed Butler, et al. "Review of Composite Marine Risers for Deep-Water Applications: Design, Development and Mechanics." Journal of Composites Science 6, no. 3 (2022): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs6030096.

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In recent times, the utilisation of marine composites in tubular structures has grown in popularity. These applications include composite risers and related SURF (subsea umbilicals, risers and flowlines) units. The composite industry has evolved in the development of advanced composites, such as thermoplastic composite pipes (TCP) and hybrid composite structures. However, there are gaps in the understanding of its performance in composite risers, hence the need for this review on the design, hydrodynamics and mechanics of composite risers. The review covers both the structure of the composite

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Mahmood Baitab, Danish, Dayang Laila Abang Haji Abdul Majid, Ermira Junita Abdullah, and Mohd Faisal Abdul Hamid. "A review of techniques for embedding shape memory alloy (SMA) wires in smart woven composites." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.13 (2018): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.13.21344.

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Metallic structures, in various industrial fields such as transport and aerospace, are mostly replaced by composite structures having less weight and good strength. There is also a need of intensification of the operational dynamic environment with high durability requirements. So a smart composite structure is required that can manifest its functions according to environmental changes. One method of producing smart composite structures is to embed shape memory alloys in composite structures. Shape memory alloys (SMAs) have significant mechanical and thermodynamic properties and are available

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10

Mun, Wai Chee, Ahmad Rivai, and Omar Bapokutty. "Design and Analysis of an Aircraft Composite Hinge Bracket Using Finite Element Approach." Applied Mechanics and Materials 629 (October 2014): 158–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.629.158.

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The use of composite materials in aircraft structures have been increasing for the past decade. The anisotropic and heterogeneous nature of composites remains a major challenge to the design and analysis of composite aircraft structures. Composite structures require a different design approach compared to the design of metallic structures. This paper aims to provide a step by step definitive guide to design and analyze composite structures using finite element approach. A simplified design model for the composite structural design was used to analyze an aircraft composite hinge bracket. The co

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Malakhov, Andrei V. "Influence of Curved Fibers on the Mechanical Behavior of Variable Stiffness Composites." Key Engineering Materials 910 (February 15, 2022): 814–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-zd7k11.

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Composite materials are widely used in various industries due to their high specific characteristics. The most common composites are laminates, which consist of multidirectional layers with unidirectional fibers adapted to stresses of the laminates. However, the efficiency of such structures is significantly reduced when there are stress concentrators. One of the ways to increase the efficiency of composite structures with stress concentrators is to change the reinforcement structure and use the transition from unidirectional fibers to curvilinear fibers, which could be adapted to both the geo

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12

Zimcik, D. G. "Application of Composite Materials to Space Structures." Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering 12, no. 2 (1988): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-1988-0008.

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Advanced composite materials are playing an increasingly important role in the design and fabrication of high performance space structures. Composite materials may be tailored for a particular application to establish a unique combination of high specific stiffness and strength, dimensional stability and specific damping which makes these materials ideal candidates for many applications in the hostile space environment. Demonstrative examples of typical applications to primary structures and payloads, each with a different set of performance requirements, are presented in this paper. Unfortuna

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McGrath, Gareth C. "Joining Composite Structures." Indian Welding Journal 33, no. 4 (2000): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22486/iwj.v33i4.177842.

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Balke, Katarzyna, and Krzysztof J. Kurzydłowski. "Bridge composite structures." Mechanik, no. 7 (July 2015): 501–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.17814/mechanik.2015.7.323.

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R.J. "Composite Structures—3." Composite Structures 5, no. 4 (1986): 319–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0263-8223(86)90041-3.

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Barrett, David John. "Damped composite structures." Composite Structures 18, no. 3 (1991): 283–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0263-8223(91)90037-y.

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Marshall, I. H. "Composite structures award." Composite Structures 22, no. 1 (1992): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0263-8223(92)90033-9.

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18

Banks, W. M. "Composite structures—2." Thin-Walled Structures 3, no. 1 (1985): 87–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0263-8231(85)90024-2.

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19

Ashraf, W., M. R. Ishak, M. Y. M. Zuhri, N. Yidris, and A. M. Ya’acob. "Experimental Investigation on the Mechanical Properties of a Sandwich Structure Made of Flax/Glass Hybrid Composite Facesheet and Honeycomb Core." International Journal of Polymer Science 2021 (March 10, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8855952.

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This research is aimed at developing the sandwich structure with a hybrid composite facesheet and investigate its mechanical properties (tensile, edgewise compression, and flexural). The combination of renewable and synthetic materials appears to reduce the weight, cost, and environmental impact compared to pure synthetic materials. The hybrid composite facesheets were fabricated with different ratios and stacking sequence of flax and glass fibers. The nonhybrid flax and glass composite facesheet sandwich structures were fabricated for comparison. The overall mechanical performance of the sand

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20

Deng, Tong, Vivek Garg, and Michael S. A. Bradley. "Erosive Wear of Structured Carbon-Fibre-Reinforced Textile Polymer Composites under Sands Blasting." Lubricants 12, no. 3 (2024): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants12030094.

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Textile polymer composite is made of structured fibre matrix using textile technologies in fabrication, and gains benefits from strong mechanical properties with extra light weight. However, erosion behaviours and associated wear mechanisms of the composites may be influenced by the fibre structures due to heterogeneous composition and complex architectural topologies. Understanding the erosive mechanisms of the structured composites can be important, not only for preventing surface damage and loss of mechanical strength but also for improving design and fabrication of the composites. This pap

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Khaliulin, V. I., P. A. Petrov, V. A. Kostin, and N. V. Levshonkov. "Exploratory analysis of hybrid polymer metal-composite structures." VESTNIK of Samara University. Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering 22, no. 3 (2023): 160–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2541-7533-2023-22-3-160-175.

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The results of research in the field of development of technology for the manufacture of hybrid composites according to the scheme of directional fiber netting are presented. Reinforcement is carried out by combining carbon fibers and metal wire, impregnation with a polymer binder by infusion. The results of experimental evaluation of the tensile strength of composites reinforced only with wire, as well as hybrid samples with different percentages of carbon and metal fibers are presented. A significant dependence of the strength of the hybrid composite on the volume ratios of reinforcing mater

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22

Sellitto, Andrea, Aniello Riccio, A. Russo, Antonio Garofano, and Mauro Zarrelli. "Nanofillers’ Effects on Fracture Energy in Composite Aerospace Structures." Key Engineering Materials 827 (December 2019): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.827.43.

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Composite materials damage behaviour is, nowadays, extensively investigated in the frame of aerospace research programmes. Among the several failure mechanisms which can affect composites, delamination can be considered as the most critical one, especially when combined to compressive loading conditions. In this context, nanofillers can represent an effective way to increase the composites fracture toughness with a consequent reduction of the delamination onset and evolution. Hence, in this paper, the toughening effect of the nanofillers on the delamination growth in composite material panels,

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23

Vesenjak, Matej, Franci Gačnik, Lovre Krstulović-Opara, and Zoran Ren. "Behavior of composite advanced pore morphology foam." Journal of Composite Materials 45, no. 26 (2011): 2823–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998311410489.

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The mechanical characterization of advanced pore morphology (APM) foam, consisting of sphere-like metallic foam elements, is very limited since APM foam has been developed only recently. The purpose of this research was thus to determine the behavior of APM spheres and its composites when subjected to compressive loading. Single metallic APM spheres have been characterized with experimental testing and computational simulations, providing the basic properties and knowledge for an efficient composition of composite APM foam structures. Then, the APM foam elements were molded with epoxy matrix r

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Masood, Syed, and DR K. JAGATH. "FABRICATION OF COMPOSITE STIFFENED PANEL." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 008 (2024): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem37006.

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A Composite materials are widely used in aerospace structures due to their high strength-to weight ratio and high stiffness-to-weight ratio as compared to conventional materials.Well-judged combination of materials along with the specific type of engineering structures, stiffened structures, provide tailored properties for aircraft structural components. In this work, the design and fabrication of composite stiffened panel is studied Being such a widely used structural component (composite stiffened panels) in aerospace industry, effective fabrication and assessment of integrated composite sti

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Srihi, Khouloud, Zakaria Zergoune, Nadia Massé, Garip Genc, and Ali El Hafidi. "Modal behavior of post low velocity impact flax/epoxy composite structures." Vibroengineering PROCEDIA 43 (June 13, 2022): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21595/vp.2022.22525.

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Natural fibers are increasingly used for polymer composite intending to minimize the environmental impact. Bio-composite materials are increasingly being used in industrial transport structures, including aerospace and automotive. Natural fiber reinforces composites with equivalent performances of glass fiber composites, have higher amount of fiber, resulting in less pollution and much lighter weight, which reduces the fuel consumption. Also, they offer the ability to design complex parts and high mechanical properties structures. Barely visible impact damage (BVID) represent a serious threat

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Yakubovskiy, Yu E., V. I. Kolosov, A. G. Kuzyaev, and S. O. Kruglov. "Calculation and manufacture of multilayer composite structures." E3S Web of Conferences 474 (2024): 01066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202447401066.

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A brief overview of the work done to solve the problems of bending of composite plates and shells is presented. A mathematical model has been developed that takes into account the physically nonlinear properties of the layer’s material. The seams between the layers have finite longitudinal stiffness. Seams can be continuous or discrete (anchors). The proposed mathematical model makes it possible to take into account the creep properties of the aging material. The reliability of calculations is substantiated by comparison with experimental data and known calculations. Taking into account the te

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Fedotov, M. Yu, O. N. Budadin, S. O. Kozelskaya, I. G. Ovchinnikov, and I. S. Shelemba. "MONITORING BY FIBER OPTICAL SENSORS OF RELIABILITY OF OPERATION OF BUILDING STRUCTURES WITH EXTERNAL COMPOSITE REINFORCEMENT." Kontrol'. Diagnostika, no. 265 (July 2020): 54–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/td.2020.07.pp.054-064.

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This article describes of the actual state of building structures by the example of structures of reinforced concrete and metal bridges. It is shown that a high degree of wear of artificial structures leads to the need for a reliable assessment of their actual condition using modern methods and means of non-destructive testing and diagnostics, as well as strengthening exploited structures with polymer composite materials. The results of researches on fiber-optic monitoring and strengthening of bridge spans with composite materials based on domestic and foreign carbon reinforcing fillers and ep

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Fedotov, M. Yu, O. N. Budadin, S. O. Kozelskaya, I. G. Ovchinnikov, and I. S. Shelemba. "MONITORING BY FIBER OPTICAL SENSORS OF RELIABILITY OF OPERATION OF BUILDING STRUCTURES WITH EXTERNAL COMPOSITE REINFORCEMENT." Kontrol'. Diagnostika, no. 265 (July 2020): 54–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/td.2020.07.pp.054-064.

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This article describes of the actual state of building structures by the example of structures of reinforced concrete and metal bridges. It is shown that a high degree of wear of artificial structures leads to the need for a reliable assessment of their actual condition using modern methods and means of non-destructive testing and diagnostics, as well as strengthening exploited structures with polymer composite materials. The results of researches on fiber-optic monitoring and strengthening of bridge spans with composite materials based on domestic and foreign carbon reinforcing fillers and ep

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Hamada, Hiroyuki, Akihiro Fujita, Zenichiro Maekawa, and Masaya Kotaki. "Bending Properties of 3D Glass Woven Fabric Reinforced Composites." Advanced Composites Letters 2, no. 4 (1993): 096369359300200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096369359300200406.

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3D glass woven fabric (PARABEAM) reinforced composites are of particular interest to composite industry, because light weight large scale composite structures can be fabricated. Bending properties of hybrid composites with 3D fabric and chopped strand mat were possible to be estimated by using theory of composite beam. The relations between thickness, weight and bending properties of the 3D composites could be drawn for designing composite structure.

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Çinçik, Emel, Süreyya Kocatepe, and Eda Aslan. "Comparison of the Influence of Polypropylene (PP) or Polybutylene Terephthalate (PBT)-Based Meltblown and Polyester/Polyamide-Based Hydroentangled Inner Layers on the Sound and Thermal Insulation Properties of Layered Nonwoven Composite Structures." Polymers 17, no. 1 (2025): 101. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17010101.

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Thermal and sound insulation play a vital role in today’s world, and nonwoven composite structures including microfiber layers provide efficient solutions for addressing these demands. In this study, the sound and thermal insulation properties of nonwoven composite structures, including single-layer meltblown, multilayer meltblown, hydroentangled, and nanofiber nonwoven inner layers, were compared statistically by using Design Expert 13 software. The inner layer type and outer layer type of the composite structures were considered as independent variables, and thickness, bulk density, air perm

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Vlasov, D. D., and N. A. Tatus. "Composite structures with local zones of variable stiffness." BIO Web of Conferences 138 (2024): 02019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202413802019.

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In this paper, a new class of composite structures of variable stiffness is considered. In composite parts with stress concentrators, localized regions are created in which the angle of unidirectional reinforcement changes, causing a decrease in the stress concentration coefficient at the discontinuity and an increase in ultimate stresses. Unlike recently popular composites with curvilinear reinforcement paths, such structures are much easier to design, calculate and fabricate. The paper presents the results of numerical calculations showing the effectiveness of such reinforcement method in co

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Sun, Xu, Jin-Feng Cui, Xiu-Jie Jia, et al. "Starch and Plant Fiber Reinforced Biodegradable Composites with Open Cell Structures." Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy 13, no. 4 (2019): 438–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2019.1868.

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In order to figure out the effect of different starches on the properties of starch-based composites, new biodegradable composites with open cell structure were prepared through thermo-cavity foam molding using four different type starches (corn starch (CS), wheat starch (WS), potato starch (PS), and sweet potato starch (SPS)) and sisal fibers as main raw materials. Mechanical properties of the biodegradable composites were tested. The order of tensile and compressive strength of the composites was as follows: SPS-based composite > CS-based composite > PS-based composite > WS-based co

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Xue, Ying Ying, Xing Fu Wang, Xin Fu Wang, and Fu Sheng Han. "Compressive Behavior and Deformation Characteristic of Al-Based Auxetic Lattice Structure Filled with Silicate Rubber." Materials Science Forum 933 (October 2018): 240–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.933.240.

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The composites composed of Al-based auxetic lattice structures and silicate rubbers were fabricated by pressure infiltration technology. The compressive behavior and deformation characteristic of the composites were investigated related with the relative densities of the auxetic lattice structures. We found that the composites exhibit a longer plateau region than the non-filled Al-based auxetic lattice structures, and the relative density of the auxetic lattice structures play an important role in the compressive mechanical properties, the higher the relative density, the higher flow stress. I

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Warren, Aaron, Rikard Heslehurst, and Eric Wilson. "Composites and MIL-STD-1530C." International Journal of Structural Integrity 5, no. 1 (2014): 2–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijsi-02-2013-0002.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to discuss changes to MIL-STD-1530C “Aircraft Structural Integrity Program” to account for the increased usage of composites in aircraft structures. Design/methodology/approach – The evolution of the Aircraft Structural Integrity Program is presented and the five tasks that comprise the program are assessed for compatibility with composite aircraft structures. Findings – This paper identifies a number of recommended changes to MIL-STD-1530C to ensure that the unique behaviour of composites is considered within the Aircraft Structural Integrity Program. Or

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Tabrizi, Nooshin Salman, and Maryam Yavari. "Preparation of Shaped Carbon Nanotube Composites with Porous Structures." Advanced Materials Research 829 (November 2013): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.829.46.

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Porous structures of carbon nanotube (CNT) composites with highly accessible surface areas have numerous potential applications such as heterogeneous catalysts and adsorbents. In this study sodium alginate was added to CNTs dispersions as gelling agent. Before being dried, the hydrogels were shaped into bead, disk, and sheet forms. The alginate in the composites was then decomposed by heating up the samples under an inert gas. The morphology of the as-prepared composite was studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy and the pore size distribution was measured by BJH method. The M

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Žmindák, Milan, Zoran Pelagić, and Maroš Bvoc. "Analysis of High Velocity Impact on Composite Structures." Applied Mechanics and Materials 617 (August 2014): 104–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.617.104.

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In the recent years a big focus is subjected to the response of structures subjected to out-of-plane loading such as blasts, impact, etc. not only to homogenous materials, but also to heterogeneous materials, such as composites. Such form of loading can cause considerable damage to the structure. In the case of layered composite materials the damage can have several forms, starting from damage in layers up to delamination and full damage of the construction. This paper describes the investigation of shockwave propagation in composite structures caused by impact loading. The composite consists

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Yam, L. H., Li Cheng, Z. Wei, and Y. J. Yan. "Damage Detection of Composite Structures Using Dynamic Analysis." Key Engineering Materials 295-296 (October 2005): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.295-296.33.

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A study on the use of modal parameter analysis for damage detection of structures made of composites is conducted. The damage-induced variations of modal parameters are investigated both numerically and experimentally. An appropriate finite element model is proposed to analyze the dynamic characteristics of different types of structures made of composites, such as honeycomb sandwich plates and multi-layer composite plates, with internal cracks and delamination. The numerical results are in good agreement with experimental results available in the literature. Natural frequencies, modal displace

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Farokhi Nejad, Ali, Mohamad Yusuf Bin Salim, Seyed Saeid Rahimian Koloor, et al. "Hybrid and Synthetic FRP Composites under Different Strain Rates: A Review." Polymers 13, no. 19 (2021): 3400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13193400.

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As a high-demand material, polymer matrix composites are being used in many advanced industrial applications. Due to ecological issues in the past decade, some attention has been paid to the use of natural fibers. However, using only natural fibers is not desirable for advanced applications. Therefore, hybridization of natural and synthetic fibers appears to be a good solution for the next generation of polymeric composite structures. Composite structures are normally made for various harsh operational conditions, and studies on loading rate and strain-dependency are essential in the design st

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Yartsev, B. "Composite vibration-damping structures." Transactions of the Krylov State Research Centre 2, no. 388 (2019): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.24937/2542-2324-2019-2-388-55-68.

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Kollar, LP, GS Springer, and M.-A. Erki. "Mechanics of Composite Structures." Applied Mechanics Reviews 57, no. 3 (2004): B14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1760519.

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Decolon,, C., and E. Armanios,. "Analysis of Composite Structures." Applied Mechanics Reviews 56, no. 1 (2003): B5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1523357.

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Vasiliev, Valery V., Robert M. Jones, Lucia I. Man, and C. W. Bert. "Mechanics of Composite Structures." Journal of Applied Mechanics 61, no. 2 (1994): 503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2901486.

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Ko, Frank. "Toughened Complex Composite Structures." Materials and Processing Report 2, no. 12 (1988): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08871949.1988.11752142.

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Lachaud, Frédéric, Robert Piquet, Francis Collombet, and Laurent Surcin. "Drilling of composite structures." Composite Structures 52, no. 3-4 (2001): 511–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0263-8223(01)00040-x.

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Davies, G. A. O., and R. Olsson. "Impact on composite structures." Aeronautical Journal 108, no. 1089 (2004): 541–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000000385.

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The problem of impact damage in laminated composite structures, and the consequent reduction in residual strength, has been a topic of continual research for over two decades. The number of journal papers on the subject now runs into four figures and most have been conscientiously reviewed by Abrate(1991, 1994, 1998). This review is not intended to be in the academic tradition, with emphasis on acknowledging the authorship of all the various research initiatives. Instead we present our opinions so that the reader can appreciate our current understanding of the problem, our capability of predic

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Morgan, F. "Composite perforated implant structures." Cell Transplantation 4, no. 6 (1995): V—VI. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0963-6897(96)85236-5.

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Beardmore, P. "Composite structures for automobiles." Composite Structures 5, no. 3 (1986): 163–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0263-8223(86)90001-2.

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Marshall, I. H. "Composite Materials and Structures." Composite Structures 13, no. 3 (1989): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0263-8223(89)90006-8.

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Marshall, I. H. "Mechanics of Composite Structures." Composite Structures 28, no. 2 (1994): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0263-8223(94)90053-1.

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"Composite structures." Composite Structures 30, no. 1 (1995): i—viii. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0263-8223(95)90002-0.

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