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1
Bréard, J., A. Saouab, and G. Bouquet. "Mesure de la perméabilité spatiale d'un renfort tridimensionnel pour matériaux composites à matrice polymère." European Physical Journal Applied Physics 1, no. 2 (1998): 269–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjap:1998145.
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Pautrot, S. "Influence des renforts sur l'évolution en température du module d'Young de différents composites à matrice polymère." Annales de Chimie Science des Matériaux 28, no. 4 (2003): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0151-9107(03)00094-1.
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Zinchenko, О. V., V. D. Ezhova, and A. L. Tolstov. "SILICON-CONTAINING OLIGOMERIC AZOINITIATORS IN THE SYNTHESIS OF BLOCK COPOLYMERS." Polymer journal 43, no. 2 (2021): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/polymerj.43.02.133.
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A solvothermal synthetic pathway and functional polymer styabilizers was used for synthesis of fine silver structures of different architecture. Using polyvinylpyrrolidone as a stabilizer silver micronized wires with a diameter of 3,8–4,2 μm and aspect ratio of up to 30 were prepared. XRD technique was applied for qualitative determination of silver metal structures. New thermoresponse composite hydrogels with a structure of semi-IPNs were prepared from cross-linked polyvinyl alcohol, linear highly hydrophilic poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (PEtOx) and as-synthesized silver micro-sized wires. Effect of a structure and a composition of the polymer matrix, and inorganic anisotropic filler on structure arrangement of composite hydrogels were evaluated by DMA studies. A presence of linear hydrophilic PEtOx and anisotropic metal filler in PVA matrix reduces storage modulus Е’ from 275 to 222–230 MPa and increases loss modulus Е” up to 45,5 MPa at room temperature measurements that partially initiated by poor structuration ability of the composites under high solvation level of polymer matrices. Increasing temperature leads to redistribution of hydrogen bonds network and hybridization of PVA nad PEtOx macrochains and enhances energy dissipation ability of unfilled hydrogel. A filler due to conjugation with amine-functionalized PEtOx chains and its localization closed to a surface of metal supresses polymer-polymer interactions and elasticity parameters of composite matrix drops down. As a result, diffusion and permeability coefficients of composite hydrogels reaches 1,06–1,52·10–9 cm2/s and 0,83–1,09·10-9 g/(cm·s), respectively, that higher in comparison with cross-linked PVA matrices. A presence of hydrogen bonds of different energy in hydrogels provides an appearance of multiple relaxation transitions due to different macrochain mobility in a bulk of polymer matrix. Differences of temperature interval of LCTS for hydrogels were found from analysis Е”(T)/dT (62–70 °С) and Δχ(T)/dT (67–70 °С) dependencies are interrelated with kinetic pecularities of diffusion processes that are able to suppress a phase separation at the temperatures closed to LCTS. Phase inversion processes for hydrogel containing 5 % of PEtOx at LCTS are accompanied by desorption of 32–73 % of sorbate. Moreover, thermoresponsive properties of the hydrogels filled with metallic silver wires are higher than that of the unfilled semi-IPNs.
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Melnyk, Lubov, Lev Chernyak, Valentyn Sviderskyy, Ludmyla Vovchenko, and Viktoriia Yevpak. "Characteristics of Fly Ash as a Composite Filler." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 19, no. 2 (2025): 342–53. https://doi.org/10.23939/chcht19.02.342.
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The object of the study was composite materials using fly ash from Burshtyn and Kurakhiv TPPs as fillers and polymer dispersions Policril 590 and Latex 2012 as matrices. The relationship between the composition of the types of fly ash from Ukrainian thermal power plants and the peculiarities of the energy state of the dispersed filler particles surface as a factor of interaction with the binder in forming the polymer composite structure was determined. The effect of high concentration of fillers on the formation of the pore structure and indicators of physical and mechanical properties of composites was evaluated. The possibility of adjusting the composite properties in the following range was established: water absorption 4.2-12.7%, abrasion 0.02-0.06 g/cm2, residual strain 0.3-1.3, Young's modulus 0.6-49.1 MPa.
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Chinesta, Francisco, Amine Ammar, and Kunji Chiba. "Mise en forme des composites à matrice polymère renforcée avec des fibres courtes : Vingt ans de simulation numérique." Revue des composites et des matériaux avancés 15, no. 3 (2005): 323–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/rcma.15.323-337.
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Immonen, Kirsi, Pia Willberg-Keyriläinen, Jarmo Ropponen, et al. "Thermoplastic Cellulose-Based Compound for Additive Manufacturing." Molecules 26, no. 6 (2021): 1701. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26061701.
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The increasing environmental awareness is driving towards novel sustainable high-performance materials applicable for future manufacturing technologies like additive manufacturing (AM). Cellulose is abundantly available renewable and sustainable raw material. This work focused on studying the properties of thermoplastic cellulose-based composites and their properties using injection molding and 3D printing of granules. The aim was to maximize the cellulose content in composites. Different compounds were prepared using cellulose acetate propionate (CAP) and commercial cellulose acetate propionate with plasticizer (CP) as polymer matrices, microcellulose (mc) and novel cellulose-ester additives; cellulose octanoate (C8) and cellulose palmitate (C16). The performance of compounds was compared to a commercial poly(lactic acid)-based cellulose fiber containing composite. As a result, CP-based compounds had tensile and Charpy impact strength properties comparable to commercial reference, but lower modulus. CP-compounds showed glass transition temperature (Tg) over 58% and heat distortion temperature (HDT) 12% higher compared to reference. CAP with C16 had HDT 82.1 °C. All the compounds were 3D printable using granular printing, but CAP compounds had challenges with printed layer adhesion. This study shows the potential to tailor thermoplastic cellulose-based composite materials, although more research is needed before obtaining all-cellulose 3D printable composite material with high-performance.
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Nguyen, Ch N., M. V. Sanyarova, and I. D. Simonov-Emel’yanov. "Calculating the composition of dispersion-filled polymer composite materials of various structures." Fine Chemical Technologies 15, no. 1 (2020): 62–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.32362/2410-6593-2020-15-1-62-66.
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Objectives. The aim is to calculate the composition of dispersion-filled polymer composite materials with different fillers and structures and to highlight differences in the expression of said composition in mass and volume units.Methods. The paper presents the calculation of compositions in mass and volume units for various types of structures comprising dispersion-filled polymer composite materials according to their classification: diluted, low-filled, medium-filled, and highly-filled systems.Results. For calculations, we used fillers with densities ranging from 0.00129 (air) to 22.0 g/cm3 (osmium) and polymer matrices with densities between 0.8 g/cm3 and 1.5 g/cm3 , which represent almost all known fillers and polymer matrices used to create dispersion-filled polymer composite materials. The general dependences of the filler content on the ratio of the filler density to the density of the polymer matrix for dispersion-filled polymer composite materials with different types of dispersed structures are presented. It is shown that to describe structures comprising different types of dispersion-filled polymer composite materials (diluted, low-filled, medium-filled, and highly-filled) it is necessary to use only the volume ratios of components in the calculations. Compositions presented in mass units do not describe the construction of dispersion-filled polymer composite material structures because using the same composition in volume units, different ratios of components can be obtained for different fillers.Conclusions. The dependences of the properties of dispersion-filled polymer composite materials should be represented in the coordinates of the property – content of the dispersed phase only in volume units (vol % or vol. fract.) because the structure determines the properties. Compositions presented in mass units are necessary for receiving batches upon receipt of dispersion-filled polymer composite materials. Formulas are given for calculating and converting dispersion-filled polymer composite material compositions from bulk to mass units, and vice versa.
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Purbasari, Aprilina, Timothius Adrian Christantyo Darmaji, Cindy Nella Sary, and Heny Kusumayanti. "Pembuatan dan Karakterisasi Komposit dari Styrofoam Bekas dan Serat Ijuk Aren." METANA 15, no. 2 (2019): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/metana.v15i2.25794.
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Komposit merupakan gabungan dari dua atau lebih bahan yang menghasilkan efek sinergis. Komposit dapat dibuat dari polimer sebagai matriks dan serat alam sebagai bahan penguat. Pada penelitian ini komposit dibuat dari styrofoam bekas dan serat ijuk aren. Styrofoam merupakan salah satu jenis polimer yang sulit terdegradasi secara alami, sedangkan serat ijuk aren merupakan serat alam yang mudah diperoleh di Indonesia. Pembuatan komposit dilakukan dengan alat hot press pada berbagai perbandingan massa styrofoam dan serbuk ijuk aren (10:90; 20:80; 30:70; 40:60; dan 50:50). Karakterisasi komposit yang dihasilkan meliputi uji kekuatan mekanik, kerapatan, daya serap air, mikrostruktur, dan gugus fungsional. Komposit mempunyai kekuatan mekanik tertinggi sebesar 90,26 kgf/cm2 pada perbandingan massa styrofoam dan serbuk ijuk aren 30:70. Semakin tinggi kandungan styrofoam dalam komposit maka kerapatan komposit akan semakin meningkat dan daya serap air komposit semakin menurun. Komposit mempunyai struktur yang homogen dan gugus fungsional yang berasal dari styrofoam dan serat ijuk aren.Composite is a combination of two or more materials that produce a synergistic effect. Composite can be made from polymers as matrices and natural fibers as reinforcing agents. In this study, composite were synthesized from used styrofoam and sugar palm fiber. Styrofoam is one type of polymer that is difficult to degrade naturally, whereas sugar palm fiber is a natural fiber that is easily obtained in Indonesia. Composite synthesis was done using hot press equipment at various mass ratio of styrofoam to sugar palm fiber powder (10:90; 20:80; 30:70; 40:60; and 50:50). Characterization of obtained composites covered tests of mechanical strength, density, water absorption, microstructure, and functional groups. Composite had the highest mechanical strength of 90.26 kgf/cm2 at the mass ratio of styrofoam to sugar palm fiber powder of 30:70. The increase of the styrofoam content in composite caused the increase of composite density and the decrease of composite water absorption. Composite had homogeneous structure and functional groups derived from styrofoam and sugar palm fiber.
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Sarraf, Hamid, and Ludmila Škarpová. "Effect of Anodic Surface Treatment on PAN-Based Carbon Fiber and its Relationship to the Fracture Toughness of the Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites." Materials Science Forum 567-568 (December 2007): 233–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.567-568.233.
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The effect of anodic surface treatment on the polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based carbon fibers surface properties and the mechanical behavior of the resulting carbon fiber-polymer composites has been studied in terms of the contact angle measurements of fibers and the fracture toughness of composites. Results from contact angle measurements revealed that the angle of electrolyte solution largely decreases with increasing current densities of treatments up to 0.4-0.5 A m-2. The results obtained from the evolution of KIC with flexure of the composites as a function of electric current density shown that the KIC of the composite continually increases with increased current densities of the treatments up to 0.5 A m-2, and a maximum strength value is found about 294 MPa cm1/2 at the anodic treatment of 0.5 A m-2. It can be concluded that the anodic surface treatment is largely influenced in the fiber surface nature and the mechanical interfacial properties between the carbon fiber and epoxy resin matrix of the resulting composites, i.e., the fracture toughness. We suggest that good wetting plays an important role in improving the degree of adhesion at interfaces between fibers and matrices of the resulting composites.
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Gochuyeva, A. F. "STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF PHOTO QUENCHING OF ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY UNDER THE ACTION OF LIGHT IN POLYMER-FERROCENE COMPOSITES." New Materials, Compounds and Applications 8, no. 1 (2024): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.62476/nmca8187.
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This study, the effect of photo quenching of electrical conductivity under the action of light was observed in composite samples containing a polymer and ferrocene. As a polymer matrix, polymer matrices containing halogens (PVDF, F42, F1, F3) and polyolefins (HDPE, LDPE, PP) are used. During the study, a voltage of 100 V was applied to the sample. The surface of the sample was exposed to light with intensity 400 mWt/cm2 in the field of view.
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Colunga-Sánchez, Leslie Mariella, Beatriz Adriana Salazar-Cruz, José Luis Rivera-Armenta, Ana Beatriz Morales-Cepeda, Claudia Esmeralda Ramos-Gálvan, and María Yolanda Chávez-Cinco. "Evaluation of Chicken Feather and Styrene-Butadiene/Chicken Feather Composites as Modifier for Asphalts Binder." Applied Sciences 9, no. 23 (2019): 5188. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9235188.
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In the present work, the evaluation of chicken feather particles (CFP) and styrene-butadiene/chicken feather (SBS-CF) composites as modifiers for asphalt binder is presented. It is well known that elastomers are the best asphalt modifiers, because their thermoplastic behavior assists asphalts in improving the range of their mechanical properties at both low and high temperatures. Nowadays, the use of natural products and byproducts as fillers for polymer matrices has been a matter of research, and the field of asphalt modification is not the exception. Chicken feather particles (CFP) is a waste material whose main component is keratin, which offers remarkable properties. In the present work, CFP was used as a filler of a styrene-butadiene rubber matrix (SBS) with radial structure, to obtain a composite intended as an asphalt modifier. Besides, raw CFP was also tested as an asphalt modifier. Physical, thermal and rheological properties of the modified asphalts were evaluated in order to determine their degree of modification with respect to the original asphalt. The results show that the addition of raw CFP improves some physical properties as penetration and decreases the phase separation; furthermore, the asphalt modified with CFP displayed similar rheological properties to those shown by the asphalt modified with SBS, while some other properties resulted in being even better, like the phase separation, with the advantage that the CFP comes from a natural waste product.
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Tennyson, R. C. "Atomic oxygen effects on polymer-based materials." Canadian Journal of Physics 69, no. 8-9 (1991): 1190–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p91-180.
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This paper describes the operation and performance of an atomic-oxygen (AO) beam facility developed at the University of Toronto Institute for Aerospace Studies (UTIAS), capable of providing ground-state neutral oxygen atoms at ~ 2.2 eV for flux levels as high as ~ 1016 atoms (cm2 s)−1. Results are presented on the AO erosion of polymer thin films and composite materials containing graphite and aramid fibres in epoxy matrices. Comparisons with space flight tests are also given, including studies of samples recently retrieved from the UTIAS composite-materials experiment on the NASA Long Duration Exposure Facility after 70 months exposure in low Earth orbit. Parameters that have been investigated include synergistic effects of UV radiation, surface-morphology changes, and accelerated testing.
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Gulevskiy, V. A., V. I. Antipov, L. V. Vinogradov, et al. "Study of a highly porous composite material based on an aluminum matrix with an ordered cellular structure formed by hollow copper-graphite spherical granules." Perspektivnye Materialy 11 (2021): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.30791/1028-978x-2021-11-39-46.
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The structure and properties of a highly porous cellular composite material based on a framework of hollow spherical granules with a thin copper-graphite coating impregnated with an aluminum alloy have been investigated. Highly porous composite composite casting with molten form, filled with expanded polystyrene spherical granules with a thin copper-graphite layer applied to their surface. When the polymer core of the granules burns out in the casting, a highly porous cellular composite material is formed with an aluminum matrix filled with spherical pores ∅ 4 – 8 mm, adjoining the metal matrices through a thin (300 – 500 μm) copper shell. The density of the porous composite material obtained in this way is 1.67 g/cm3. In order to fill the space between the granules with aluminum melt, their surfaces were coated with a thin layer of titanium, molybdenum, or chromium borides, which positively affected the strength characteristics of the composite material as a whole. Estimated calculation of the shock absorber index of a new highly porous structural material based on aluminum matrices with a cellular structure made of spherical hollow granules regularly distributed over the volume proved the prospects of its subsequent use as an absorber of shock energy in shock-absorbing devices.
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Xin, Yi, Zijiang Jiang, Wenwen Li, Zonghao Huang, and Cheng Wang. "Preparation and characterization of in situ electrospun ZnS nanoparticles/PPV nanofibers." Pigment & Resin Technology 44, no. 2 (2015): 74–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-09-2013-0084.
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Purpose – This paper aimed to prepare a kind of ZnS nanoparticles/poly(phenylene vinylene) (PPV) nanofibre and investigate its properties. Because the ZnS nanoparticles are important optoelectronic materials, their incorporation into one-dimensional (1D) nanoscale polymer matrices should be a meaningful subject for electrospinning. Design/methodology/approach – ZnS/PPV composite nanofibres with an average diameter of 600 nm were successfully prepared by a combination of the in situ method and electrospinning technique. The nanofibres were electrospun from Zn(CH3COO)2·2H2O and PPV precursor composite solution, and the ZnS/PPV fibres were obtained by exposure of the electrospun fibres to H2S gas to prepare ZnS nanoparticles in situ. Such fibres were characterised using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared, transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscope and photoluminescence (PL). The photoelectric properties of the fibres obtained were also investigated. Findings – XRD patterns proved that ZnS nanocrystals generated in the composite nanofibres. The TEM image showed that the nanocrystals were homogeneously dispersed in the nanofibres. The PL spectrum of ZnS/PPV composite nanofibres exhibited a blue shift relative to the PPV nanofibres. I-V curve of the single nanofibre device under 5.76 mW/cm2 light illumination showed that the composite nanofibres have good photoelectric properties. Research limitations/implications – The comparisons of advantages between ZnS/PPV nanofibres with similar nanofibres will be further expanded in a later research. Practical implications – Results demonstrate the promise of these novel nanostructures as ultraminiature photodetectors with the potential for integration into future hybrid nanophotonic devices and systems. Originality/value – The integration of inorganic semiconductor nanoparticles into organic conjugated polymers leads to composite materials with unique physical properties and important application potential. In this work, ZnS nanoparticles were introduced into PPV by an in situ method, so as to obtain a kind of novel 1D nanomaterials with good photoelectric properties.
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Lupone, Federico, Jacopo Tirillò, Fabrizio Sarasini, Claudio Badini, and Claudia Sergi. "3D Printing of Low-Filled Basalt PA12 and PP Filaments for Automotive Components." Journal of Composites Science 7, no. 9 (2023): 367. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs7090367.
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Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) enables many advantages compared to traditional manufacturing techniques, but the lower mechanical performance due to the higher porosity still hinders its industrial spread in key sectors like the automotive industry. PP and PA12 filaments filled with low amounts of basalt fibers were produced in the present work to improve the poor mechanical properties inherited from the additive manufacturing technique. For both matrices, the introduction of 5 wt.% of basalt fibers allows us to achieve stiffness values comparable to injection molding ones without modifying the final weight of the manufactured components. The increased filament density compared with the neat polymers, upon the introduction of basalt fibers, is counterbalanced by the intrinsic porosity of the manufacturing technique. In particular, the final components are characterized by a 0.88 g/cm3 density for PP and 1.01 g/cm3 for PA12 basalt-filled composites, which are comparable to the 0.91 g/cm3 and 1.01 g/cm3, respectively, of the related neat matrix used in injection molding. Some efforts are still needed to fill the gap of 15–28% for PP and of 26.5% for PA12 in tensile strength compared to injection-molded counterparts, but the improvement of the fiber/matrix interface by fiber surface modification or coupling agent employment could be a feasible solution.
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Naz, Asima, Rabia Sattar, Muhammad Siddiq, and Muhammad Abid Zia. "Influence of pyrrole feeding ratios on physicochemical characteristics of high-performance multilayered PPy/PVC/PDA@FG-NH2 nanocomposites." Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials 33, no. 10 (2019): 1358–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0892705719827352.
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Nanocomposites of conjugated polymers polypyrrole (PPy) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) as matrices and 1,4-phenylenediamine (PDA) as a linker with amine functional graphite (FG-NH2) as filler have been efficiently fabricated using in situ oxidative polymerization, and the effect of various mass ratios on physicochemical characteristics of prepared nanocomposite was investigated. The layer-by-layer oxidative polymerization of various matrices on host filler surface is confirmed by Fourier transform infrared, energy dispersive X-ray, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy examinations. Field emission scanning electron microscopy revealed fibrillary morphology of obtained nanocomposites. Thermal stability, glass transition temperature, and melting and crystallization temperature of the nanocomposites were increased with the incorporation of modified graphite. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis explored the improved adsorption capacity (128 cm3 g−1) of the nanocomposite with higher feeding ratio of pyrrole. The influence of FG-NH2 and pyrrole on electrical conductivity performance of composites was also investigated. Functionalized graphite in the resultant PPy/PVC/PDA@FG-NH2 nanocomposites played an important role in forming conducting network in PPy matrix indicating synergistic effect between PPy and FG-NH2.
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Oliveira, Maria Roniele Felix, Pilar Herrasti, Roselayne Ferro Furtado, Airis Maria Araújo Melo, and Carlucio Roberto Alves. "Polymeric Composite including Magnetite Nanoparticles for Hydrogen Peroxide Detection." Chemosensors 11, no. 6 (2023): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11060323.
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The combination of a biopolymer and a conductive polymer can produce new materials with improved physico-chemical and morphological properties that enhance their use as sensors. Magnetite nanoparticles (MN) can be further introduced to these new matrices to improve the analytical performance. This study aimed to evaluate the electrocatalytic response of nanocomposites formed by the introduction of MN to polypyrrole (PPy) doped in the presence of cashew gum polysaccharide (CGP) and in the presence of carboxymethylated cashew gum polysaccharide (CCGP). Characterization of the nanocomposites was carried out via transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and showed that the absorption band of the blend was shifted to a higher frequency in the nanocomposites, indicating the intermolecular interaction between the blend and nanoparticles. The electrocatalytic performance of the nanocomposites was evaluated by applying a constant potential of −0.7 V with successive additions of H2O2 (1 mmol L−1) in 10 mmol L−1 phosphate buffer under agitation at pH 7.5. The nanocomposite formed by the introduction of MN to polypyrrole doped with cashew gum polysaccharide (PPy(cgp)–MN) displayed excellent electrocatalytic surface properties, with high H2O2 specificity, a linear response (R2 = 0.99), high sensitivity (0.28 µmol L−1), and a low H2O2 detection limit (0.072 mmol L−1).
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Pinheiro, Miriane Alexandrino, Maurício Maia Ribeiro, Diemison Lira Santa Rosa, et al. "Periquiteira (Cochlospermum orinocense): A Promising Amazon Fiber for Application in Composite Materials." Polymers 15, no. 9 (2023): 2120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15092120.
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Natural lignocellulosic fibers (NLFs) have in recent decades appeared as sustainable reinforcement alternatives to replace synthetic fibers in polymer composite material applications. In this work, for the first time, the periquiteira (Cochlospermum orinocense), a lesser known NLF from the Amazon region, was analyzed for its density and, by X-ray diffraction (XRD), to calculate the crystallinity index as well as the microfibrillar angle (MFA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron analysis (SEM) and tensile strength. The apparent density found for the periquiteira fiber was 0.43 g/cm3, one of the NLF’s lowest. XRD analysis indicated a crystallinity index of 70.49% and MFA of 7.32°. The TGA disclosed thermal stability up to 250 °C. The FTIR analysis indicated the presence of functional groups characteristic of NLFs. The SEM morphological analysis revealed that the periquiteira fiber presents fine bundles of fibrils and a rough surface throughout its entire length. The average strength value of the periquiteira fiber was found as 178 MPa. These preliminary results indicate that the periquiteira fiber has the potential to be used as a reinforcing agent in polymeric matrices and can generate a lightweight composite with excellent mechanical properties that can be used in various industrial sectors.
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Razack, Riyamol Kallikkoden, and Kishor Kumar Sadasivuni. "Advancing Nanogenerators: The Role of 3D-Printed Nanocomposites in Energy Harvesting." Polymers 17, no. 10 (2025): 1367. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17101367.
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Nanogenerators have garnered significant scholarly interest as a groundbreaking approach to energy harvesting, encompassing applications in self-sustaining electronics, biomedical devices, and environmental monitoring. The rise of additive manufacturing has fundamentally transformed the production processes of nanocomposites, allowing for the detailed design and refinement of materials aimed at optimizing energy generation. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of 3D-printed nanocomposites in the context of nanogenerator applications. By employing layer-by-layer deposition, multi-material integration, and custom microstructural architectures, 3D-printed nanocomposites exhibit improved mechanical properties, superior energy conversion efficiency, and increased structural complexity when compared to their conventionally manufactured counterparts. Polymers, particularly those with inherent dielectric, piezoelectric, or triboelectric characteristics, serve as critical functional matrices in these composites, offering mechanical flexibility, processability, and compatibility with diverse nanoparticles. In particular, the careful regulation of the nanoparticle distribution in 3D printing significantly enhances piezoelectric and triboelectric functionalities, resulting in a higher energy output and greater consistency. Recent investigations into three-dimensional-printed nanogenerators reveal extraordinary outputs, encompassing peak voltages of as much as 120 V for BaTiO3-PVDF composites, energy densities surpassing 3.5 mJ/cm2, and effective d33 values attaining 35 pC/N, thereby emphasizing the transformative influence of additive manufacturing on the performance of energy harvesting. Furthermore, the scalability and cost-effectiveness inherent in additive manufacturing provide substantial benefits by reducing material waste and streamlining multi-phase processing. Nonetheless, despite these advantages, challenges such as environmental resilience, long-term durability, and the fine-tuning of printing parameters remain critical hurdles for widespread adoption. This assessment highlights the transformative potential of 3D printing in advancing nanogenerator technology and offers valuable insights into future research directions for developing high-efficiency, sustainable, and scalable energy-harvesting systems.
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DESSARTHE, Alain. "Usinage des composites à matrice polymère." Travail des matériaux - Assemblage, April 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.51257/a-v1-bm7425.
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Techniques de l’ingénieur, Éditions. "Impression 3D de matériaux composites à matrice polymère - Revue et prospective." Plastiques et composites, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.51257/a-v1-bm7923.
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Kabir Chowdury, Md Shahjahan, Young Jin Cho, Sung Bum Park, and Yong-il Park. "Review—Functionalized Graphene Oxide Membranes as Electrolytes." Journal of The Electrochemical Society, March 10, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/acc35e.
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Abstract Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) typically use Nafion®, which has many drawbacks, such as high cost, fuel crossover, and strenuous synthesis processes. As such, an alternative Nafion®-ionomer free proton conductor has drawn significant interest. Graphene oxide membrane (GOM) is a promising alternative due to its hydrophilic nature and attractive proton conductivity under humidified conditions. However, pristine GOMs have drawbacks, including fuel crossover, a high reduction rate of negatively oxygenated functional groups during fuel cell operation, and proton conductivity showing excessive orientation dependence. We focused on nanocomposite-GOM (N-GOM) based on PFSAs, hydrocarbon polymers, synthetic polymers, inorganic-organic polymers, biopolymers, metal-organic frameworks, and micro- and nano-engineered surfaces. GO nanosheets have outstanding dispersion rate and compatibility with ionomer matrices that can be functionalized by sulfonation, polymerization, phosphorylation, cross-linking, incorporated inorganic nanoparticles, and blending with matrix, microscale-nanoscale fabrication. The N-GOM exhibits high-performance fuel cells with improved proton conductivity, physicochemical properties, and low fuel crossover compared to Nafion®. For instance, SCSP/SF membranes with 3% functionalized GO (FGO) content displayed the highest conductivity of 26.90 mS/cm and the best selectivity (methanol) of 4.10 × 105 S/cm3 at room temperature. Moreover, a new scalable, efficient chitosan (CA)-based composite membrane (CA/GO) was fabricated. In addition, surface-patterned nanostructures in thin films increased the PEMFC output power to 950 mW/cm2, higher than 590 mW/cm2 for non-patterned Nafion®. Finally, we report on the optimal composition ratio for each material of the N-GOM-based membrane. This review discusses the most crucial developments in proton conductivity and outlines the current progress for the N-GOM as a revolutionary form of PEM. The general objective of this research is to review all possible modifications of N-GOM from the perspective of their practical application as electrolytes in fuel cells
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MARTINEZ-MORENO, Miguel, Claudia L. GÁMEZ-DUEÑAS, Rosalba FUENTES-RAMÍREZ, and David CONTRERAS-LOPEZ. "Study of the anticorrosive properties of magnetic composites." Journal of Technology and Innovation, June 30, 2020, 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.35429/jti.2020.20.7.13.18.
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Metal corrosion affects various sectors: construction, ships, pipes in the chemical industry, etc. Organic materials have been used as coatings to counteract it; recently improvements have been observed when magnetic polymers are used. These are materials formed by a polymeric matrix and a metal with magnetic properties, such as magnetic nanoparticles. The metal is sacrificed, preventing contact with the surface. Here we show the results of composites formed by magnetic nanoparticles of cobalt ferrite and magnetite obtained by coprecipitation, immersed in polystyrene, butyl polyacrylate and styrene-butyl acrylate copolymer matrices. The nanoparticles were incorporated by ultrasonic bath using different weights of nanoparticles (0.05%, 0.25%, 0.5% and 1%) using toluene as solvent. There is an acceptable dispersion of the nanoparticles in the polyacrylate and copolymer after 4 hours of cavitation, the styrene had acceptable dispersion after 5 hours. The composites were tested on a 316 Cal. 14 stainless steel film of 6 cm2 area, the specimens were dipped in acid to evaluate the corrosion protection with electrochemical techniques, having good results in the ferrite and magnetite composites where the protection capacity was better in the styrene-butyl acrylate copolymer.
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Poggetto, Giovanni Dal, Luisa Barbieri, Antonio D’Angelo, Alfonso Zambon, Paolo Zardi, and Cristina Leonelli. "Long-term durability of discarded cork-based composites obtained by geopolymerization." Environmental Science and Pollution Research, June 12, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-33958-8.
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AbstractGeopolymers are amorphous aluminosilicate inorganic polymers synthesized by alkaline activation characterized by a lower carbon footprint, greater durability, and excellent mechanical properties compared to traditional concrete, making them promising building materials for sustainable construction. To develop sustainable lightweight geopolymer-based building materials useful as fire resistant thermal insulation materials, we added 5 and 10 wt% of discarded cork dust, a readily available industrial by-product, to metakaolin before and after the alkaline activation with sodium hydroxide 8 M and sodium silicate solutions. We followed the chemical, microstructural, antibacterial, and physical properties of the resulting composites for up to 90 days in order to monitor their long-term durability. The presence of cork does not interfere with the geopolymerization process and in fact reduces the density of the composites to values around 2.5 g/cm3, especially when added after alkaline activation. The composites resulted in chemically stable matrices (less than 10 ppm of cations release) and filler (no hazardous compounds released) with a bacterial viability of around 80%. This study provides valuable insights into the tailoring of discarded cork-based composites obtained by geopolymerization with a porosity between 32 and 48% and a mechanical resistance to compression from 15 to 5 MPa, respectively, suggesting their potential as durable interior panels with low environmental impact and desirable performance.
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Amstislavski, Philippe, Tiina Pöhler, Anniina Valtonen, et al. "Low-density, water-repellent, and thermally insulating cellulose-mycelium foams." Cellulose, August 28, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10570-024-06067-5.
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AbstractThis work explored whether partial cellulose bioconversion with fungal mycelium can improve the properties of cellulose fibre-based materials. We demonstrate an efficient approach for producing cellulose-mycelium composites utilizing several cellulosic matrices and show that these materials can match fossil-derived polymeric foams on water contact angle, compression strength, thermal conductivity, and exhibit selective antimicrobial properties. Fossil-based polymeric foams commonly used for these applications are highly carbon positive, persist in soils and water, and are challenging to recycle. Bio-based alternatives to synthetic polymers could reduce GHG emissions, store carbon, and decrease plastic pollution. We explored several fungal species for the biofabrication of three kinds of cellulosic-mycelium composites and characterized the resulting materials for density, microstructure, compression strength, thermal conductivity, water contact angle, and antimicrobial properties. Foamed mycelium-cellulose samples had low densities (0.058 – 0.077 g/cm3), low thermal conductivity (0.03 – 0.06 W/m∙K at + 10 °C), and high water contact angle (118 – 140°). The recovery from compression of all samples was not affected by the mycelium addition and varied between 70 and 85%. In addition, an antiviral property against active MS-2 viruses was observed. These findings show that the biofabrication process using mycelium can provide water repellency and antiviral properties to cellulose foam materials while retaining their low density and good thermal insulation properties. Graphical Abstract
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Cao, Xianwu, Nahong Zhang, Lu Zhao, et al. "Construction of sandwich‐layered polyimide hybrid films containing double core–shell structured fillers for high energy storage density." Polymer Composites, December 26, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.28072.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe inherent low dielectric constant of polyimide (PI) dielectrics restricts their applications to become a component of high energy density film capacitors. In this work, double core–shell structured barium titanate@magnesium oxide@polydopamine (BaTiO3@MgO@PDA) nanoparticles were synthesized successfully and utilized as high dielectric constant functional fillers for PIs, in which the insulating MgO layer meliorated dielectric constant difference between BaTiO3 and PI matrix, and the organic PDA layer improved the compatibility between the inorganic fillers and PI matrices. Then, a series of sandwich‐structured PI‐based hybrid films was prepared through a layer‐by‐layer solution casting method. The middle layer of pure PI with excellent insulating properties effectively suppressed charge injection. With the combination of sandwich structure and the BaTiO3@MgO@PDA nanoparticles, the PI hybrid film containing 15 wt% fillers in the outer layers achieved the maximum breakdown strength of 425.68 kV/mm and the maximum energy density of 5.132 J/cm3, which was 68.3% and 413% higher than those of pure PI film, respectively, meanwhile maintained a low dielectric loss value of 0.0083 at 1 kHz. The introduction of BaTiO3@MgO@PDA enhanced the interfacial polarization due to the high barrier energy between adjacent layers preventing the transfer of electrons and weakening the leakage current in the sandwich‐structured composite film. This work demonstrates that an appropriate combination of high dielectric hybrid fillers and multilayer structure can effectively increase the energy storage density of PI substrate for high‐temperature energy storage applications.Highlights The double core–shell structured BaTiO3@MgO@PDA was synthesized successfully. The sandwich‐structured hybrid films were prepared by layer‐by‐layer method. The energy density of hybrid films reached a high value of 5.132 J/cm3.