Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Composites de ciment – Perméabilité'
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Mercado, Mendoza Hugo Ramiro. "Transferts aqueux à travers les matériaux cimentaires partiellement saturés." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1722/.
Full textThe diffusivity properties are of great importance as far as the durability of a construction made of cement-based materials, such as a particular solution for radioactive waste disposal, is concerned. Besides, the influence of material microstructure on transfer properties is recognized and ensues both from the characteristics of the material itself as well as from its history and environment conditions. In service conditions, cement-based materials are seldom at a fully saturated state. The scientific community has long since ascertained the lack of experimental data on aqueous diffusion in non-saturated medium. The main purpose of this work is to determine de diffusion coefficient of an ionic species through partially saturated cement-based materials. An approach has been proposed on the basis of the analogy between ionic diffusion and electrical conductivity - given by the Nernst-Einstein relationship - and the formation factor concept. Accordingly, an experimental programme based on the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy test, together with a data analysis procedure using an electrical model of material microstructure, have been developed. A first validation study has been carried out by means of an electrokinetic test on saturated materials. The geometric character of the formation factor, reflecting the pore network configuration whatever the pore solution ionic force or composition, has been shown. As a consequence, the diffusion coefficient of chloride ion has been calculated, highlighting the suitability of the proposed method. This method has allowed to determine the diffusion coefficient of an ionic species through several partially saturated materials. It has been observed that the formation factor depends also on the material saturation level. Thus, the diffusion coefficient turns out to be an intrinsic parameter of the material, through its pore network and its solution content. The shapes of evolution of the diffusion coefficient as a function of saturation level have shown the existence of leading paths for ionic species transfer through materials. In a logical way, these paths seem to be related to the main pore modes, but also to the total open porosity of the material
Mougel, Éric. "Mise au point d'un composite ciment-bois dont les variations dimensionnelles vis-à-vis des variations d'humidité sont contrôlées." Nancy 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NAN10405.
Full textAbdalla, Aly Hussein. "Optimisation et performance des bétons incorporant de la poudre de verre comme un remplacement partiel du ciment Portland." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6146.
Full textAl-Mohamadawi, Ali Abdullah Hassan. "Contribution à l'étude de l'impact de l'environnement vis-à-vis d'éco-matériaux lignocellulosiques." Thesis, Amiens, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AMIE0040/document.
Full textDue to their low cost, lightness and thermal properties, lignocellulosic byproducts received a particular attention, in the recent years, for manufacturing lightweight concretes. However, these byproducts are not fully compatible with the cement matrix, leading to setting delay, significant dimensional variations, and low mechanical strengths of the composites elaborated. To avoid such drawbacks, a coating process of flax shives using different substances has been adopted in this study. It leads to a reduction in treated shive water absorption compared to raw shives. The composites obtained exhibit significant improvements in hydrous behavior and mechanical strengths with moderate increase in the apparent bulk density and thermal conductivity. The phenomena of moisture transfer in the produced composites can significantly influence the durability and performance of them. In fact most of the materials used in the building area are porous, containing water as vapor or liquid. Therefore the water vapour permeability, sorption isotherms and moisture buffering capacity have been determined. The results obtained show the good hygric performance of the eco-composites elaborated. Three leaching tests have been proposed in this study to identify the chemical speciation of the materials and to evaluate their releasing into the environment. The experimental conditions of the leaching tests have been chosen to simulate different states of our composites in external environments in service or end of life. The leaching behaviour of the cement-based products elaborated differs little according to flax shive treatment and the leaching of toxic substances has not been identified
Al-Mohamadawi, Ali Abdullah Hassan. "Contribution à l'étude de l'impact de l'environnement vis-à-vis d'éco-matériaux lignocellulosiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Amiens, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AMIE0040.
Full textDue to their low cost, lightness and thermal properties, lignocellulosic byproducts received a particular attention, in the recent years, for manufacturing lightweight concretes. However, these byproducts are not fully compatible with the cement matrix, leading to setting delay, significant dimensional variations, and low mechanical strengths of the composites elaborated. To avoid such drawbacks, a coating process of flax shives using different substances has been adopted in this study. It leads to a reduction in treated shive water absorption compared to raw shives. The composites obtained exhibit significant improvements in hydrous behavior and mechanical strengths with moderate increase in the apparent bulk density and thermal conductivity. The phenomena of moisture transfer in the produced composites can significantly influence the durability and performance of them. In fact most of the materials used in the building area are porous, containing water as vapor or liquid. Therefore the water vapour permeability, sorption isotherms and moisture buffering capacity have been determined. The results obtained show the good hygric performance of the eco-composites elaborated. Three leaching tests have been proposed in this study to identify the chemical speciation of the materials and to evaluate their releasing into the environment. The experimental conditions of the leaching tests have been chosen to simulate different states of our composites in external environments in service or end of life. The leaching behaviour of the cement-based products elaborated differs little according to flax shive treatment and the leaching of toxic substances has not been identified
Benkemoun, Nathan. "Contribution aux approches multi-échelles séquencées pour la modélisation numérique des matériaux à matrice cimentaire." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00657311.
Full textPham, Ngoc Phuong. "Rubberized cement-based composite as material for large surface applications : effect of the rubber-cementitious matrix bond." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30077.
Full textProperties of improved strain capacity and high shrinkage cracking resistance make rubberized cement-based composites suitable for large surface applications such as cement-based pavements and thin bonded overlays. However, bond defect between rubber aggregates (RA) and cement matrix is well-known and detrimental to properties of rubberized cement-based materials. It is universally accepted a reduction in some mechanical properties of rubberized cement-based composites mainly due to low stiffness of RA. Nevertheless, their transfer properties could indeed be competitive with control mortar (without RA) if bond at rubber-cement matrix interface is improved. In order to enhance the interface, RA were firstly coated with styrene-butadiene copolymer and after complete densification of this copolymer on surface of RA, they were mixed with the pre-mixed cementitious mixture. Microstructural analysis using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry (EDS), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) clarified that cement paste bonded firmly on copolymer-coated RA. Mechanical and transfer properties of this mortar were then compared to that of control mortar and two rubberized mortars in which one of them air-detraining admixture was added to produce rubberized mixture with the similar air content as the control mortar. Findings have demonstrated an enhanced rubber-cement matrix interface provided a significant improvement on transfer properties such as air permeability and water capillary absorption. However, a reduction in mechanical properties (compressive strength and modulus of elasticity) was still observed due to low stiffness of RA. Rubber coating appeared to limit the reduction in tensile strength and to result in a higher residual post-peak strength and fracture energy, demonstrating an improved material bridging effect made possible by the bond between RA and cement matrix. The bridging effect also contributed to improve resistance of rubberized composites to shrinkage cracking even under high restrained conditions. Based on above-mentioned characteristics, the study further investigated the durability of rubberized mortars under aggressive environments to observe the effects of RA incorporation and of an enhanced rubber-cement matrix interface. Regarding acetic acid attack, a low degraded depth and a reduction in loss of both mass and compressive strength of rubberized mortars, especially the one incorporating copolymer-coated RA, were observed compared to the ones of the control mortar. The coated rubberized mortar also behaves better in preventing sodium sulfate diffusion into the composite. The degradation of mortars under aggressive environments was also evaluated based on a damage variable, which was defined as a relative change in equivalent load-resisting area of mortar specimens between their original condition and at a given time when they were exposed to acid or sulfate solutions. From damage variable values, it can be concluded that coated rubberized mortar was more durable than the untreated one against aggressive environments. The durability of untreated and coated rubberized mortars under freeze-thaw cycles was also carried out and compared to that of control mortar. The rubberized cement- based composites were more resistant to freezing and thawing than the control one, especially in terms of dimensional expansion. The better performance can be attributed to high energy absorption of RA and to higher porosity, lower water capillary absorption and high strain capacity of rubberized mortars. Rubber coating, even reducing the permeability of rubberized cement-based composites, still remained high durability of their applications under frost environment
Munzer, Charlotte. "Etude de l'action d'un bioadjuvant aux substances extracellulaires sur la microstructure et les caractéristiques de surface de pâtes cimentaires pour des bétons plus éco-respectueux." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAD028/document.
Full textThe influence of the incorporation of a product organically sourced in cementitious materials (at fresh and hardened state) was studied. The presence of the bioproduct does not cause changes on mechanical strength and on cement past microstructure (TGA / DTA and XRD). Porous network characterization tests on mortar and cement paste showed an effect of bioproduct on the quality of skin samples. A protocol of realization and conservation of cement paste samples was developed in order to allow various tests on same surfaces for the microbiologists partners of the « extra cellular substances for concrete » project. The study of the evolution of the dynamic contact angle of a drop of water placed on cement pastes showed that the presence of the bioproduct favored at the expense of spreading the penetration of water within the material, modifying the tortuosity of the capillaries of the cementitious matrix. An analytical method of drop behaviour (contact angle versus diameter) was developed and validated with literature data. This original technique allowed an accurate determination of the angles of advance and retreat on porous substrates
Mimoun, Mostefa. "Etude de matériaux composites argile-ciment-fibres." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37608074v.
Full textChemloul, Lotfi. "Détermination expérimentale des diffusivités hydriques de matériaux de construction. Etude des facteurs d'influence." Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30298.
Full textMeziani, Hacène. "Comportements mécanique et hydraulique d'un mortier : étude expérimentale." Lille 1, 2002. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2002/50376-2002-133.pdf.
Full textFarha, M'hamed. "Conception de composites ciment-verre à porosité minimale." Lyon, INSA, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ISAL0046.
Full text[The glass fibre reinforced composites (GFRC) has been used since 1970 in order to reduce the shrinkage of the cementitious· matrix. First the sand/cement ratio was about 0,3 ; yet thanks to the development of the equipments it has been increased to reach l. Thus, the composites precasted as mentioned above are characterized by an important opened porosity. It increases their permeability. On the one hand and leaves their internal structure open to humidity and the various corrosive or polluting atmosphere on the ether one. The aim of this work was to reduce this porosity. The granular distribution of sand following a Dmax linear function (Dmax is the particle's maximal diameter) enables the obtention of a maximal compactness matrix characterized by high early strengths. The addition of metakaoline and calcium carbonate improves the pastes rheological behaviour and helps to the obtention of closed pores witch reduce the hydrated cemented matrix permeability. The use of super-plasticizer and quick setting and hardening additions permits fast demolding in vibration as well as in projection. This operation is of la considerable economical interest. ]
Claudot-Loosveldt, Hélène. "Étude expérimentale des comportements hydraulique et poromécanique d'un mortier sain ou dégradé chimiquement." Lille 1, 2002. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2002/50376-2002-175.pdf.
Full textMagat, Julie. "Apport de l’Imagerie par Résonance Magnétique dans l’étude des mécanismes de structuration des matériaux cimentaires : application au suivi des modifications engendrées par le séchage." Paris Est, 2008. http://pastel.paristech.org/5182/01/Remerciements_jmagat_debut.pdf.
Full textThe aim of the work is to study microstructural evolution of cementitious materials during hydration process and to analyse modifications due to drying effect. Two durability parameters are studied: water content and porosity. An original way for the investigation is to use Magnetic Resonance Imaging MRI. First, we present a bibliographic synthesis for cementitious materials and for MRI applied on porous media to analyse proton density linked to water content and relaxation NMR which gives information of pore size distribution. Then, results obtained with relaxation and MRI, are compared and identified with common destructive methods commonly used in civilengineering. Finally we analyze two important phenomena on cementitious materials: hydration process and hydration coupled to drying
Elbouazzaoui, Othmane. "Caractérisation de la perméabilité transverse de nouveaux renforts multiaxiaux cousus pour composites structuraux." Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EMSE0003.
Full textAmong the dry reinforcements used industrially, the multiaxial knitted NC2 yield the best mechanical properties owing to their enhanced homogeneity. Unfortunately, this homogeneity induces some problems for the resin to infiltrate the reinforcements, i. E. NC2 permeability is very low. In the present work, we focus mainly on transverse permeability of NC2 reinforcements in saturated regime, with few preliminary results in transient regime. With a dedicated apparatus, validated with repeatability measurements, the transverse permeability of three types of NC2 is characterized in saturated regime. Results exhibit systematically very low permeabilities, of the order of 10 -13m2, but above all a differential in permeability depending on the face receiving the fluid. This odd phenomenon appears to be reversible and reproducible, the permeability difference varying from 0. 17 to 0. 52 depending on the material tested. Studying the superficial geometry of the stitching hole can neither justify this phenomenon, nor explain the permeability changes between the material types tested. On the contrary, a 3D measurement of the complete stiching hole geometry may bring some hints regarding the permeability differential. In transient regime, a specific apparatus using optical fibres to detect the fluid flow front permits to confirm the permeability differential observed in saturated regime. These results ammow to verify that permeabilities decrease for increasing fibre volume fractions. Finally, permeabilities are around 8 times greater in transient regime. Complementary measures in saturated regime should focus on the effect of the fibre volume fraction on the permeability. As for the transient regime, measurements must be made more reproducible. As a complement, a more exhaustive morphological study should be carried out to bring some answers concerning the permeability differential
Abdelmoumen, Saïd. "Contribution à l'étude des déformations différées sous charge constante de composites ciment-caoutchouc." Amiens, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AMIE0104.
Full textBeraldo, Antonio Ludovico. "Généralisation et optimisation de la fabrication d'un composite biomasse végétale-ciment à variations dimensionnelles limitées vis-à-vis des variations de l'humidité." Nancy 1, 1994. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1994_0076_BERALDO.pdf.
Full textOriol, Madeleine. "Etude de la réaction pouzzolanique ciment-métakaolin par traitement micro-ondes : application à l’élaboration de composites ciment-fibres." Lyon, INSA, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ISAL0053.
Full textThe present study deals with the microwave hydration of metakaolin lended cement used in Glass Fiber Reinforced Cement Composites (GRCC). Microwave treatment conditions have been optimized and compared to the results obtained with room temperature curing. Lime consumption has been measured by means of Infrared Spectrometry and differential Thermal Analysis. It was shown that the pozzolanic activity of metakaolin is enhanced by the microwave treatment, allowing halfway reduction of the necessary amount of metakaolin to consume the total calcium hydroxide generated by cement. Mortars and RCC mechanical characteristics have been measured. It was shown that high initial resistances and law porosity can be obtained with the microwave curing technique. It appears that the temperature generated inside of the material itself leads to the thermal acceleration of setting. A modification of hydrates morphology was observed by §canning Electron Microscopy
Nunez, Romain. "Problématique de la mesure de la perméabilité transverse de pre-formes fibreuses pour la fabrication de structures composites." Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EMSE0028.
Full textThis study deals with the reduction of the measurement scatter of the through-thickness permeability of fibrous performs in industrial environment. Now, large-sized or thick composite parts of aircraft tend to be manufactured by forcing the resin through the thickness of preforms, the resin flow being driven by a depression (Liquid Resin Infusion process, or LRI). The optimization of the process requires to assess and control the permeability of the fibrous media. First, the literature shows that the permeability parameter clearly suffers from a lack of standards. The main identified causes inducing some scatter are the race-tracking phenomenon and the sample handling. Present experimental studies reveal a scatter higher than 20% in average on the permeability values. A large panel of materials is used in tests that prevents from any reliable synthesis. We observe a frequent use of glass fibre preforms, which generally allow a good detection of the fluid flow, but extensions to carbon fibres utilized in structural parts might be hazardous. Regarding the test fluid, some doubt remains about its specific influence, that leads to the use of various fluids in papers. Most of the time, the experimental operating instructions are not so clear to allow any inter comparison. This present approach is based on a new through-thickness permeability measurement device, combined with precise experimental operating instructions. The mechanical parts have been designed according to dimensional and safety specifications required in industrial environment. The main advances basically rely on the good control of the sample thickness all along the measurement process and the reduction of the race-tracking effect by using two co-cylindrical fluid chambers. The experimental protocol has been specially developed to reduce the number of operations needed to handle the sample. The fluid pressure, velocity and the thickness of the perform, derived form optical measurements, are continuously monitored. Repeatability and reproducibility tests have been performed to check the experimental approach. A peel ply has been chosen as a reference fabric, because of the rigidity of its plain weave pattern, that reduces the intrinsic error due to the textile feature of the sample. The repeatability and reproducibility have been shown to be 1,6% and 5,5% respectively. The human factor analysis shows that mean values measured by different operators can be very closed, but the scatter is dependant of the user's own experience to follow the guidelines. Finally, four carbon fibre fabrics have been tested : a 5x1 harness satin, a 2x2 twill fabric, a multi axial fabric based on unidirectional fabrics and a quasi unidirectional fabric, with glass fibres along the weft direction. Each of these fabrics has been geometrically defined and tested. Results show that woven fabrics exhibit a lower through-thickness permeability than unidirectional based fabrics (about two orders of magnitude), but adding holes in those latter, like stitching holes, can reduce this difference. Concerning the analysis of scatter, a new parameter, the locking point density, associated with the deformability of the fabric pattern, shows that the higher this density is, the lower the scatter is. The through-thickness permeability measurement of woven preforms with a low locking point density will therefore lead to some scatter of the results. The work reveals that scatter reduction of permeability measurements is still a challenge, because of the intrinsic nature of the textile samples. Links with numerical models that can simulate the structural scatter should be made in the future, the present setup and the reference fabrics would be useful to provide well-based comparisons
Houssais, Loïc. "Conception et élaboration d'un banc de test infrarouge pour études à haute température de matériaux composites : application aux bétons de bois à matrice argileuse." Amiens, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AMIE0418.
Full textSiebold, Alain. "Contribution à l'étude des interfaces dans les composites à matrice ciment." Mulhouse, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MULH0545.
Full textBouhrara, Driss. "Comportement mécanique en rigidité et à rupture d'un matériau composite fibres-ciment." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO10261.
Full textDeschryver, Laurent. "Résistance à la fissuration des composites fibres ciment : rôle joué par les fibres." Paris, ENMP, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ENMP0162.
Full textLabbani, Fayçal. "Contribution à l'étude d'un composite cimentaire à base de déchets de caoutchouc : influence des variations de températures sur son comportement mécanique." Amiens, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AMIE0605.
Full textTchamba, Jean Claude. "Contribution à l'étude expérimentale du comportement des matériaux cimentaires au jeune âge : pression, rhéologie et perméabilité." Lorient, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LORIS112.
Full textThe advent of the Self Compacting Concretes brought important evolutions in the sectors of building behaviour of materials with cementing matrix in a fresh state in particular self compacting concrete. The objective is to follow the evolution of the constraints of structuring and the intrinsic parameters (particularly the threshold of shearing) of these materials, before, during and after the implementation. Experiments of pore water pressures coupled with rheology were carried out on pastes cement and concretes at constant temperature 20° C. The studied mixtures were manufactured with same cement. The approach among other things consists in crossing the results obtained using a casing column, of a rheometer of laboratory for better determining the behaviour of materials tested. A first trial run made it possible to be interested in the problems of recoveries of shear stresses the walls using three devices to determine the constraints of structuring. A test on the column making it possible to measure the pore water pressure and the vertical pressure is carried out. Moreover, one study relating to the constraints with the interfaces was undertaken while being based on the evolution of the apparent mass of a plate immersed in studied materials. Lastly, the dimensional checks of endogenous withdrawal were carried out in parallel with the tests on the column. In the second time, a rotary rheometer, with Vane geometry coupled to interstitial pressure pick-ups was developed to describe the rheological characteristics of these materials. The aim is to follow the evolution of the flow property of material. In this context, the evaluation of the intrinsic parameters according to the model of Bingham was carried out. The results show the influence of the parameters of the composition on the rheological properties. Lastly, because of our interrogation on the evolution of the properties of transfer when the fresh material is at rest, an experimental campaign aiming at characterizing the permeability of a cement paste fresh by device of test oedometric and filtration is presented. We thus precisely measure compressing of material under load in conditions draining as well as the evolution of the permeabilities during the maturation of a cement paste
Alberto, Mario Michaque Miguel. "Faisabilité de composites bois-ciment destinés à la construction de maisons au Mozambique." Nancy 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NAN10059.
Full textCherubin-Grillo, David. "Caractérisation et modélisation du comportement mécanique d'une plaque ondulée en composites ciment/verre." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CLF21283.
Full textCheumani, Yona Arnaud Maxime. "Étude de la microstructure des composites bois/ciment par relaxométrie RMN du proton." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13827/document.
Full textIn this work, low field proton NMR relaxometry (20 MHz) was applied to study wood-bonded cement composites hydration and the behaviour of hardened composites conditioned in humid atmosphere or immersed in water. In a first part, relaxometry was used to simultaneously follow the transformation of evaporable water into hydrates and the microstructure development during cement setting and hardening. This technique was also used to observe water transfer from wood to the cement matrix and to evaluate wood cement compatibility. In the second part, the influence of wood or matrix chemical modification on cement hydration was studied. Different behaviours were observed depending on the chemical group grafted unto wood or the chemical admixture added to the matrix. In the third part, the effect of moisture and the mechanical properties of hardened composites were evaluated
Vallée, Franck. "Durabilité des composites polymères/ciment : application au cas des enduits minces sur isolants." Grenoble INPG, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPG0138.
Full textNauleau, Élodie. "Évolution au cours du temps des propriétés physiques et mécaniques des matériaux cimentaires d’un puit géothermique basse énergie." Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST1132/document.
Full textIn low energy geothermal wells (up to 2000 meters deep), cement is used in the annular space, between the casing and surrounding geological formations. Its role is to ensure the zonal isolation, the mechanical strength of the layers and the protection of the casing. The quality and stability over time of these cements are important. Given the geothermal gradient, water circulations loaded in chemical elements in the aquifer and strong confining stresses due to the depth, cement hydration is likely to be significantly influenced. Indeed, these factors may in the long term contribute to premature degradation of the well. The objective of this work is to examine the effects of environmental conditions of geothermal wells (temperature, pressure and concentrations of NaCl) on the physical and mechanical properties of cement pastes and microstructural inverstigations. Several grouts were sampled on a geothermal project in Ile de France. On this project, the class G cement grout and cement with bentonite grout are used throughout the well. Hardened cement pastes prepared in the laboratory were studied using a methodology based on non-destructive (ultrasonic wave velocity, resonance frequency, permeability) and destructive measurements (Young's modulus, compressive strength, thermal conductivity). Thermal and physico-mechanical properties of hardened cement pastes from these measures were coupled with microstructural observations by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and mercury intrusion porosimetry. The results showed that the microstructural analyses concur with the physico-mechanical properties and are good indicators of the state of the cement in the well. This thesis proposes a reliable testing methodology. Indead, many tests and analyses provide relationships that predict the compressive strength of cement pastes a geothermal well. Finally, and irrespective of the environmental conditions applied, empirical relationships have been proposed. These link relations the results of non-destructive methods with those from destructive tests and can be used to determine the properties of cement pastes without carrying out destructive tests in geothermal wells
Pascal, Serge. "Comportement mécanique de composites mortier-polymère." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ECAP0851.
Full textKanaan, Charbel. "Contribution à l'étude de la perméabilité des matériaux polymères multicouches pour l'optimisation des réservoirs pour carburants." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL/2006_KANAAN_C.pdf.
Full textFuel tanks are made of a multi-layer polymer barrier to limit fuel emission into the environment. The ultimate objective of this work in collaboration with Arkema is to be able to predict the permeability of this multi-layer barrier for optimizing its structure. After having developed an original automated metrology adapted to barrier materials, the permeability and sorption properties of liquid mixtures Ethanol/i-Octane/Toluene derived from a fuel model were measured for each polymer of the multi-layer barrier, i. E. Polyethylene, binder (modified PE), Orgalloy®-FT104 and EVOH. The modelling of the diffusion laws was then achieved for each material according to a model in which diffusivity varies with the total volume fraction of solvents. The permeability of double-layered films PE/binder was eventually predicted on the basis of the parameters obtained for each mono-layers, which is a key step for the ultimate permeability modelling of multi-layer polymer barriers
Ngolle, IV Moussole Albert Douglas. "Modélisation du comportement mécanique des composites ciment-fibres en tenant compte de la microstructure." Lyon, INSA, 1997. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/1997ISAL0068/these.pdf.
Full textA new analytical model for the mechanical behaviour of cement fiber composite under tensile load is proposed in this work. Short term static loads are considered. The fiber are short and with a homogeanous distribution in the composite. Their orientation angle can be probabilistic or deterministic. This model considers microstructural parameters and the qualitative dissipation of the composite. This latest is modelled in this study. The microstructural scale is the fiber scale. The composite is considered as a set of fiber-matrix cells. The shear lag concept is issued to determine the stress and strain fields in the unit cell. The homogenization process is an averaging process based on continuum mechanics, probabilistic and tensorial consideration. This model is triphasic and uses the probabilistic density function for fiber orientation as a variable, its equations depend on the qualitative dissipation kinetic of the composite. Comparing the model with experimental results and other existing models shows his good capacity to predict the composite behaviour
Ngolle, IV Moussole Albert Douglas Pera Jean. "Modélisation du comportement mécanique des composites ciment-fibres en tenant compte de la microstructure." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2000. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=ngolle_iv_moussole.
Full textDudek, Christophe. "Étude de matériaux hyperfréquences innovants : des microfils nanocristallisés aux composites magnétiques artificiels." Tours, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOUR4011.
Full textThis thesis concerns the development of new concepts in the microwave's magnetic materials field. Based on a multiple approach of the dynamic permeability, several attempts have been carried out. On the one hand, the study of nanocrystallized ferromagnetic glass-coated microwires has led, for the first time, to significant permeability levels up to 4 GHz at 350°C. On the other hand, a new type of metamaterial made of ferromagnetic core combined with copper helices has exhibited a large band microwave permeability. Eventually, the analysis of the magnetic response of magnets as part of mechanical systems has evidenced the concept of vibrating inductor in a magnetic field. This new technology seems to offer great potential gains
Khazma, Mahmoud. "Contribution à l’optimisation de composites cimentaires à base de coproduits du lin : procédés de traitement de la matière végétale et de la matrice ; impact de ces procédés sur les propriétés des composites élaborés." Amiens, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AMIE0125.
Full textThis work is done in the processes and materials engineering group of the Laboratory of innovating technologies of the University of Picardy Jules Verne. The main goal of this work is the valorization of vegetables’ byproducts, specifically the use of flax shives as aggregates in cementitious matrix. Flax shives, like all lignocellulosic materials, are known by their high hydrophilic properties. During concrete confection, shives absorb mixing and inhibit the cement hydration. To optimize their use, these shives must be hydorphobisated. Treated shives are characterized by SEM, FTIR, water absorption…. Then, the impact of these treatments on the hydration of cement matrix and the physico-chemicals characteristics of composites are quantified and evaluated. The second way explored in this thesis is the matrix treatment. These treatments are done using molecules extracted from the biomass. The elaborated composites show a high competitive properties in comparison with composites prepared with commercial vegetables aggregates
Ghabezloo, Siavash. "Comportement thermo-poro-mécanique d'un ciment pétrolier." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00403940.
Full textChafei, Sawsen. "Influence de différents traitements sur les comportements rhéologique et mécanique d'un composite cimentaire mortier-fibres de lin." Caen, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CAEN2035.
Full textThe objective of this study is to avoid catastrophic failure of a cement mortar incorporating flax fibers by conferring it an increasing resistance rising with the crack length. The implemented strategy is to improve the fiber-matrix compatibility by adapting the formulation by different treatments applied to fibers and / or matrix. In the first part of this study the effects of these treatments on fiber properties are evaluated by chemical, physical and mechanical characterization of the treated flax fibers versus raw fibers. The treatments applied to the cement matrix are also evaluated. The formulated mixtures, composed of treated fibers and / or matrix with additive were characterized in the fresh state to assess the impact of treatments on the consistency and the setting of the mixture, and the cement hydration. The last part of the work is devoted to analyzing the effects of these treatments on the microstructure, physical and mechanical properties of the cement composites
Sedan, David. "Etude des interactions physico-chimiques aux interfaces fibres de chanvre/ciment : influence sur les propriétés mécaniques du composite." Limoges, 2007. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/84a25f18-1c55-4565-bd8f-a95fa2e7ea73/blobholder:0/2007LIMO4055.pdf.
Full textThe use of hemp fibres in a cement material gives interesting properties to composites. The understanding of the interactions between the fibres and the cement matrix is essential to study mechanical behaviour of such composites. Hemp fibres, by a high content of pectins, fix calcium Ca2+ and hydroxyle OH- ions on their surface. A lack of hydroxyle and calcium ions is observed in the interstitial phase, which implies an inhibition of calcium silicate hydrates (CSH) responsible for the delay in setting time. Chemical attack of the fibres surface by an alkaline and calcium rich media, as cement paste, degrades hemicelluloses contained in the fibres and seems to roughen the surface. Quantities of sugars or uronic acids released by the fibres are too little to have an effect on the chemical properties of the solutions. Calcium ions fixation on hemp fibres surface implies a strong adhesion between them and cement matrix. So, an improvement of the mechanical properties of the composite is observed. The fibres network in composites permits an increase of the flexural strength associated to a rise of the displacement to rupture. Such composites could be consequently interesting in building applications
Laidoudi, Boubker. "Contribution à la valorisation des déchets de caoutchouc dans une matrice cimentaire : caractérisation physico-thermique et évaluation des performances à différents degrés d'humidité. Etude expérimentale et modélisation." Amiens, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AMIE0524.
Full textTurki, Mohamed. "Valorisation des granulats de caoutchouc et de fillers dans un mortier cimentaire : étude microstructurale et caractérisation expérimentale." Amiens, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AMIE0106.
Full textThe work present the development of a new type of cementitious composites containing rubber aggregates. The evaluation of the influence of rubber particles on the physical, mechanical and hydric properties of mortar is developed. The study of the hydric behaviour of these composites reveled the importance of the addition of rubber aggregates in cement paste. The skrinkage and swelling derease considerably. These parameters have an important influence on the durability of these materials, and then they are a limiting factor in the cracking. In addition, the physical and mechanical properties decreases significatively when the percentage of crumb rubber increase in the matrix. A complementary study to describe microstructure allows making a correlation between them. Eventually, the addition of siliceous and limestone fillers in mortar-rubber aggregates composites permit in part to reduce the decrease of mechanical strength of specimens. The decrease of flexural strength is less than compressive strength. The measure of the elastic modulus (dynamic and static) revelled an important deformability of the specimens when the percentage of substitution with rubber particle rises
Benazzouk, Amar. "Contribution à la valorisation de déchets de caoutchouc : composites cimentaires à base de caoutchouc compact et cellulaire." Amiens, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AMIE0214.
Full textGantois, Renaud. "Contribution à la modélisation de l'écoulement de résine dans les procédés de moulage des composites par voie liquide." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1652/.
Full textLiquid Composite Molding (LCM) is more and more used in industry for its ability to produce complex and large parts at low cost. However, this process needs a special care to anticipate properly the impregnation of the fibrous reinforcement, which remains a challenging task important to achieve. This work is divided into an experimental and a numerical study. It aims to model the resin flow through the fibrous reinforcement occurring during the mold filling stage. An experimental setup has been designed to measure both plane and transverse permeabilities of the reinforcement. The numerical study is focused on the simulation of the flow at macroscopic and microscopic scales. At macro scale, our main contribution is the coupling between BEM and Level Set methods, which has been achieved for both 2D and 3D problems. At micro scale, a stationary BEM solver has been developed to evaluate the transverse permeability of a 2D fibrous microstructure
Guéroult, Sébastien. "Analyse expérimentale de la saturation des milieux fibreux à double échelle de pores : application à la mise en oeuvre des matériaux composites par procédé RTM." Le Havre, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LEHA0008.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms during the impregnation in a dual scale porous media. As any process consisting in an injection of liquid into a fiber preform, RTM process is prone to have void type defects. Those defects may lead to a reduction of the final mechanical properties. To address this problem of void creation during infiltration, original experimental devices have been designed to measure the saturation in fibrous media. Sensors have been developed based on the electrical properties of materials: conductivity and permittivity. The saturation results show a dependency with the capillary number. Different mechanisms for the creation and transport of voids have been highlighted. These data are then correlated with pressure measurements. The evolution of the capillary pressure as a function of the capillary number has been introduced to characterize properly the impregnations. The correlation of all the data concerning saturation and pressure allows us to propose a new analysis of the permeability in dual scale porous media. Two concepts of permeability are defined: the geometric permeability as an intrinsic characteristic of the preform and the relative permeability as a function of the saturation
Mohamadou, Bassirou. "Contribution à la caractérisation mécanique de composites à base de ciment renforcé par fibres de verre." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO10022.
Full textMarchand, Baptiste. "Performance et durabilité de traitements de puits de stockage de gaz à base de coulis de géopolymères." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ECLI0021.
Full textThe use of geopolymer cements is investigated as grouts in the industrial context of sand production from natural gas storage wells. The aim is to reinforce the sandstone storage pocket, without impairing its gas transport ability. Sand production is currently hindered by chemical methods only efficient over a limited timeframe and in the absence of underground water seepage or brine.A compacted sand medium has been developed, which is analogous to in situ sandstones. A reference geopolymer cement has been adapted from a stoichiometry of (1 Al2O3, 3.6 SiO2, 1 Na2O, 11 H2O), made with sodium silicate alkali-activated metakaolin. The grout has been diluted to reach a viscosity on the order of that of water. The metakaolin powder granulometry has been refined by wet grinding, in order to guarantee adequate injectability of the geopolymer solid-liquid suspension.At a centimeter scale, the impact of geopolymer grouts has been quantified on both its consolidation ability and its gas permeability, using a fluidization experiment. The water resistance of geopolymer grouts has been proven at this scale.At a multi-centimeter scale, the adequacy of our geopolymer grouts is quantified using an experimental set-up developed from the typical triaxial failure test in soil mechanics. It follows a gas permeability test of compacted sand, before and after consolidation by the geopolymer grout. Our results have proven conclusive. In particular, the impact of geopolymer grouts is smaller than 10% on gas permeability, as required by the industrial specifications. Consolidation by geopolymer grouts is also significantly better than an existing chemical grout solution (based on Polyacrylamide)
Attari, Allel. "Caractéristiques physiques et processus de migration de l'eau dans les matériaux à base de gypse et de minéraux argileux." Lyon, INSA, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ISAL0094.
Full textAfter hardening, β hemihydrate plasters are essentially macroporus materials (r>1000Å), then constitute media into which liquid water can easily migrate. The aim of the present work was to remedy such an inconvenient by incorporating into the material, before hardening; finely divided solids such as mineral clays (kaolinite, montmorillonite, muscovite, talc, sepioloite and attapulgite) or a thermally activated mineral clay (meta-kaolinite) added or not to calcium hydroxide or ordinary Portland cement. The research as allowed to point out that certain precited solids idi not sensitively modify either hydratation kinetics (investigation by isothermal calorimetry) nor both compressive and flexural strength, when the content of additive solids does not exceed 10% in weight in plaster. But all added solids decrease both the pore size distribution and , except for metakaolinite-lime addition, the water migration rate into the material. He results concerning the last point have been obtained by using an original experimental set allowing the study of water migration on variable hydraulic charge. A theoretical modelling of the phenomenon implying to take into account experimental values of permeability coefficient, pore size distribution and total open porosity of the material, has been proposed. The present work has allowed to define without any ambiguity, the choice of solid additives able to resolve the set problem
Gimet-Bréart, Nathalie. "Description des évolutions physico-chimiques d'un ciment alumineux du jeune âge et au cours de son vieillissement : caractérisation ultrasonore in-situ en mode infini et en réflexion." Limoges, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LIMO0004.
Full textTakla, Issam. "Comportement Thermo-Hydro-Mécanique d’un ciment pétrolier sous l’effet du CO2." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10037/document.
Full textAmong all proposed solutions for reducing the emission of greenhouse effect gases, geological sequestration of CO2 is still the best solution because of its high storage capacity and low cost. This storage of CO2 is an expected solution by oil industry: using the petroleum wells as geological reservoirs is a very important and new research field. Durability of such storage has an importance to be predicted. The main objective of this study is to obtain experimental characterisation of the effect of CO2 and chemical degradation by acid fluids on the multiaxial mechanical behaviour and on transport properties in oilwell cement under high temperature (90°C). This study is integrated in a general project “REGASEQ “ for the sequestration of acid gases (type CO2 and H2S) in oil reservoirs developed by TOTAL E&P
Bréard, Joël. "Matériaux composites à matrice polymère : modélisation numérique de la phase de remplissage du procédé R.T.M. et détermination expérimentale de la perméabilité d'un renfort fibreux." Le Havre, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LEHA0006.
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