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Myrtaj, Nazim, Abdulla Elezi, Seryozha Gontarev, and Eglantina Bilalli. "Fitness Influence on the Transformation of Body Composition and on the Improvement of Aerobic Sustainability in Women." Pedagogical Almanac 30, no. 1 (2022): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.54664/ixsu2434.
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The purpose of this research is to determine the effects of a specialised two-month fitness programme with strength exercises on the body composition and aerobic endurance in recreational women. The research included a group of women aged 18–35 who had not previously been engaged in recreational exercises in fitness centres. The sample included 50 women who exercised at the Fivestar fitness centre in Gjilan, and who underwent the abovementioned programme. The composition of the body was evaluated using a Tanita BC-601 device and the bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), which was conducted as a reference method in the research related to the analysis of body composition. For this research, the following variables of body composition and aerobic endurance were applied: body height (BH), body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BFP), muscle mass (TBM), bone mass or density (BMD), calorie expenditure (DCI), body vitality (BMR), body water intake (TBW), visceral fat intake (AVF), and the Rockport fitness test for aerobic endurance (ROFT). For the dependent group, the T-test analysis was applied through statistical methods. The results obtained after statistical processing showed that, in relation to the two-month programme three times a week (24 trainings), physical exercises in the fitness can affect the reduction of subcutaneous adipose tissue, and thus reduce the risk of various cardiovascular diseases. In addition to reducing fat mass with strength exercises in the fitness, there was also an improvement in aerobic endurance. This shows that, besides aerobic exercise, weight training should be applied to increase aerobic capacity.
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Rodrigues, Filipe, José Eduardo Teixeira, António Miguel Monteiro, and Pedro Forte. "The Effects of 6-Month Multi-Component Exercise Intervention on Body Composition in Aged Women: A Single-Arm Experimental with Follow-Up Study." Applied Sciences 13, no. 10 (2023): 6163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13106163.
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Multicomponent exercise programs, which combine multiple modalities such as aerobic exercises, strength training exercises, flexibility exercises, and balance exercises, can help to promote healthy aging and prevent chronic diseases in aged women. Thus, the goal of this study is to examine if a multicomponent exercise program could improve body composition in community-dwelling aged women. A 6-month single-arm quasi-experimental research was conducted using a multicomponent exercise program for older adults. The sample included 38 women with a mean age of 63.50 years (SD = 6.47 years). Body composition and anthropometric measurement was conducted from baseline (T1), after intervention (T2), and follow-Up (T3). In addition, after exercise intervention, a significant difference with moderate to large effects was reported for fat mass [η2p = 0.374, p < 0.001)], bone density [η2p = 0.374, p < 0.05)], percentage of water [η2p = 0.374, p < 0.001)], and a metabolic equivalent task [η2p = 0.374, p < 0.05]. Additionally, a significant large effect size between T1 and T2 was verified. However, body composition indicators seem to decrease below baseline levels after concluding exercise intervention (T3). Muscle mass decreased significantly after exercise intervention and mean scores were lower compared to baseline data (T1). Thus, a positive effect of the multicomponent exercise program on body composition was established in this group of community-dwelling aged women. However, the relative improvement in body fat and muscle mass were lost after the exercise program’s conclusion for values below the baselines. Avoiding detraining periods is, therefore, fundamental to maintaining the normal relative body composition.
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Turğut, M., S. Bağir, M. Sarikaya, and Ü. Tinaz. "The effect of 8 week resistance exercise on some anthropometric measurements and body composition to Sedentary Women." Physical education of students 23, no. 2 (2018): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.15561/20755279.2019.0207.
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Purpose: The aim of this study is to determine the effect of resistance exercise program applied to eight weeks on some anthropometric measurements and body composition in sedentary women. Material: Fifteen volunteer women with a mean age of 20.67 ± 1.29 years were included in the study. After asking the participants whether there are any health problems before the exercise program, detailed information was given and the exercises were implemented correctly and efficiently. Participants were given a 45-minute resistance exercise for 3 days a week. In order to compare the data obtained (Wilcoxon Test) was applied to compare descriptive statistics with pre- and post-exercise values via using SPSS 22.0. Before and after the exercise program (Weight, Hip circumference, calf circumference, chest circumference, waist circumference, shoulder circumference and BMI) were measured Results: According to the findings of the study, it was determined that there was a significant difference between the anthropometric measurement and body composition values of the exercise program applied before and after the exercise program of the participating women (p> 0.05) Conclusions: In conclusion, the effects of regularly performed exercises, especially aerobic and resistance exercises done for women, on persons are seen in the literature and research essays. Deterioration in the body composition of women is seen depending on age and excessive weight.
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Akbulut, Taner. "Effects of Resistance Exercises on Body Composition and Some Biochemical Parameters." Journal of Education and Learning 9, no. 1 (2020): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jel.v9n1p144.
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Exercise has many positive effects on the human organism. In this study, the effects of resistance exercise program, which is applied regularly for eight weeks, were investigated on body composition and some biochemical values. Twenty-four male volunteers participated in the study group. The participants were randomly divided into two equal groups: control and resistance exercise groups. While the participants in the control group attended only practice lessons in the faculty, the exercise group participated in the resistance exercise program 2 days a week for eight weeks in addition to the practice lessons. Body compositions of the participants were measured before and after the program and blood samples were taken. Thus, body weight, body fat percentage, mass body fat, Body mass index (BMI), AST, ALT, GGT, cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, LDL and VLDL cholesterol levels of the participants were determined. The data obtained were analyzed using SPSS software. As a result of statistical analysis; there was difference only GGT value of the control group (p&lt;0.05). In the exercise group, body weight, body fat percentage, mass body fat, BMI, AST, ALT, GGT values were found to be significant differences (p&lt;0.05). In conclusion, it was determined that resistance exercise program applied for eight weeks had significant effects on body composition and liver enzymes. However, although there are some minor changes in blood lipids, these changes are not statistically significant. It can be said that resistance exercises can be beneficial on liver enzymes and body composition but eight weeks resistance training may not be enough to change the blood lipid profile.
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Vilaça, José, Martim Bottaro, and Catarina Santos. "Energy Expenditure Combining Strength and Aerobic Training." Journal of Human Kinetics 29A, Special-Issue (2011): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10078-011-0054-5.
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Energy Expenditure Combining Strength and Aerobic TrainingThe combination of Strength Training (ST) with Aerobic Training (AT) exercises in the same training session, which commonly appears in literature as the concurrent training, is widely used in fitness and physical condition programs, especially when the aim is to increase the energy expenditure during and after training session. The aim of this study was to identify, through literature, whether the combination of exercises of the ST with exercises of the AT allows changes in body composition and energy expenditure during and after the training session. Chronic studies have showed a positive effect on body composition (decreased in relative body fat) when the ST are combined with AT. Similarly, the acute effects of the order of combining these two types of exercise does not seem to affect energy expenditure, measured by oxygen consumption (VO2), during the training session and only change this expenditure in the first 15 minutes after the training session. In conclusion, we can say that the studies indicate that the combination of exercises of the ST with exercises of the AT has a positive effect on changes in body composition, and energy expenditure during and after training sessions.
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Ateş, Bahar, Halil Tanır, Jorge Mota, and Lucimere Bohn. "Effects of Resistance Exercise on Total and Regional Body Composition in Overweight Sedentary Males." Spor Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi 9, no. 2 (2024): 244–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.25307/jssr.1477466.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 12 weeks of resistance exercise training on body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), total fat mass (FM), trunk, arm, and leg fat mass, and total lean body mass (LBM), arm, and leg lean mass of sedentary overweight healthy males. Twenty-nine sedentary overweight healthy males, aged 18-30 years, with a BMI ≥ 25, were enrolled in the study. The subjects were randomly assigned to either a resistance exercise group (REG, n=15) or an aerobic exercise group (AEG, n=14). Randomized subjects followed resistance (3 sessions/wk 60 min 2 sets × 12 repetitions of 5–7 exercises at 65% 1 repetition maximum in 1-4 weeks, 3 sets × 10 repetitions of 5–7 exercises at 75% 1 repetition maximum in 5-8 weeks, and 4 sets × 8 repetitions of 5–7 exercises at 85% 1 repetition maximum in 9-12 weeks,) and aerobic exercise programs (3 sessions/wk 60 min aerobic exercises at 40-50% heart rate reserve in 1-6 weeks and 70%–75% maximal heart rate in 5-8 weeks). At baseline and after the intervention session, total and regional body composition measurements were assessed using the Jawon make body composition analyzer (model IOI-353 Yuseong, South Korea). After the intervention study, there were significant differences observed between the groups regarding the investigated variables (BW, BMI, LBM, trunk, arm, leg lean mass, and arm fat mass p&lt; .05). Both REG and AEG were significantly decreased the amount of total FM, BF, trunk fat mass, arm fat mass, and leg fat mass (p&lt; .05). Trunk and arm lean mass were significantly improved only in the REG (p&lt; .05). In conclusion, resistance exercise training is an efficient training protocol, which produced a better improvement in regional lean mass.
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Saez-Berlanga, Angel, Pedro Gargallo, Javier Gene-Morales, Carlos Babiloni, Juan Carlos Colado, and Alvaro Juesas. "Multicomponent elastic training improves short-term body composition and balance in older women." Scientific Journal of Sport and Performance 1, no. 1 (2022): 4–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.55860/neqh2786.
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The aim was assessing the short-term effects of multicomponent training including some elastic exercises on body composition and balance in healthy older women. In two sessions/week for 12 weeks, 24 women performed 4 blocks of exercise in 2 experimental conditions: a) Control Group; b) Multicomponent Training Group (EMC). The following variables were assessed: % of body fat and different static and dynamic balance tests. EMC protocol including exercises with elastic bands performed at progressive intensity and volume over time is effective for improving body composition and balance in healthy older women.
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Nawaz, Fouzia, Muhammad Safdar Luqman, and Muhammad Asghar Khan. "IMPACT OF MODERATE INTENSITY AEROBIC EXERCISES UPON BODY COMPOSITION OF COLLEGE GIRLS." JUNE 02, no. 01 (2021): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.53664/jsrd/02-01-2021-03-29-40.
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This experimental study aimed to investigate impact of moderate intensity aerobic exercises upon Body Composition of college girls. The experimental research method was adopted for current study with longitudinal approach i.e., pre-test and post-test. 40 participants were taken as a population and were randomly divided into two groups, experimental and Control group. Eight-week moderate intensity aerobic exercises were given to experimental group. After the completion of eight-week exercise protocol the data of Body composition, data of pretest and posttest was recorded and analyzed using paired sample t test and ANOVA to check the difference between the body composition score of girls in pre-test and post-test. It was found that there is significant impact of Moderate intensity aerobic exercises upon the post-test of experimental group. The results provides significant information in deciding the relationships among the research variables in order to reach the conclusion.
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HOSHI, Akira. "111 Composition Exercises for Engineering Students." Proceedings of the Tecnology and Society Conference 2015 (2015): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmetsd.2015.1.
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Fisher, James Peter, Luke Carlson, James Steele, and Dave Smith. "The effects of pre-exhaustion, exercise order, and rest intervals in a full-body resistance training intervention." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 39, no. 11 (2014): 1265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2014-0162.
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Pre-exhaustion (PreEx) training is advocated on the principle that immediately preceding a compound exercise with an isolation exercise can target stronger muscles to pre-exhaust them to obtain greater adaptations in strength and size. However, research considering PreEx training method is limited. The present study looked to examine the effects of a PreEx training programme. Thirty-nine trained participants (male = 9, female = 30) completed 12 weeks of resistance training in 1 of 3 groups: a group that performed PreEx training (n = 14), a group that performed the same exercise order with a rest interval between exercises (n = 17), and a control group (n = 8) that performed the same exercises in a different order (compound exercises prior to isolation). No significant between-group effects were found for strength in chest press, leg press, or pull-down exercises, or for body composition changes. Magnitude of change was examined for outcomes also using effect size (ES). ESs for strength changes were considered large for each group for every exercise (ranging 1.15 to 1.62). In conclusion, PreEx training offers no greater benefit to performing the same exercises with rest between them compared with exercises performed in an order that prioritises compound movements.
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Monteiro, António M., Sandra Rodrigues, Sérgio Matos, José E. Teixeira, Tiago M. Barbosa, and Pedro Forte. "The Effects of 32 Weeks of Multicomponent Training with Different Exercises Order in Elderly Women’s Functional Fitness and Body Composition." Medicina 58, no. 5 (2022): 628. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina58050628.
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Background and objectives: Starting the multicomponent training sessions with aerobic-based exercises or resistance-based exercises may have different effects on functional fitness and body composition. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the effects of the order of exercises in elderly women’s physical fitness and body composition by multicomponent training. Materials and Methods: A sample of 91 elderly females, aged between 60 and 81, were randomly divided into three groups (A, B, C). Each group performed the following order of exercises: Group A consisted of warm-up followed by aerobic training, strength training, stretching and cool down; Group B consisted of warm-up followed by strength training, aerobic training, stretching and cool down; while the control group (C) did not perform any exercise. Functional fitness and body composition were assessed at 3 moments of the 32 weeks (baseline and after each 16-week) intervention. One-way ANOVA for comparison between groups, ANOVA for repeated measures and multiple linear regression were used for statistical analysis. Results: The results showed that the functional fitness and body composition varied over the 32 weeks of multicomponent training. However, group A seems to show higher improvements in more variables. Conclusion: In the current study, group A obtained better results in most of the evaluated parameters. Thus, to improve functional fitness, warm-up, followed by aerobic training, strength training and relaxation may be the most suitable training for elderly women.
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P., Pelin Akyol, and Osman İmamoğlu. "The Effects of a Three Months Exercise on Physical Fitness, Body Composition and Some Blood Parameters in Sedentary Middle Aged Female." Journal of Education and Training Studies 7, no. 11 (2019): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/jets.v7i11.4424.
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In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of three months of aerobic exercise on physical fitness, body composition and some blood parameters in sedentary Female. 45 sedentary Female with an average age of 36.11±1.04 years, high of 158.9 ±0.76 cm and weight of 70.83 ±1.67 kg have been selected. Sedentary Females were trained through an aerobic exercises programmed one hour a day for three days a week. The aerobic exercise time was on 12 weeks. Setting-up exercises and training in each training session were arranged in such a way as to make each woman’s heart rate to between a levels of 130-140 beats per minute. Statistical analysis were done with Paired-t test, Variance analysis and Scheffe tests. At the end of the three months exercise programmed, a decrease of %9.06 in body weight, %9.96 in systolic blood pressure, %6.94 in diastolic blood pressure, %12.42 in total cholesterol, %22.44 in Triglyceride, %21.16 in low density lipoprotein and %21.4 in fat content ratio have been registered. However, there were increases of %26.22 in hand grip power, %63.83 in the maximum oxygen transfer, %6.2 in aerobic strength and %16.34 in high density lipoprotein. Even though the three months exercise has produced significant effect to on systolic blood pressure, jumping, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, Apo-B, Triglyceride, Hip circumference at .01 level. On number of heart beats, hand grip power, waist circumference, the maximum oxygen transfer, Low density lipoprotein cholesterol, Apo A I and fat contents, diastolic blood pressure and aerobic strength at .05 level. Conclusions: The result of three months low intensity aerobic exercises have shown the fact that such exercises could improve high density lipoprotein cholesterol values and physical fitness. Also by the changes of body fat, Triglyceride, total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol values parameters it reduces body parameters. The risk for cardiovascular problems are reduced on sedentary females. Aerobic exercises programmers may be recommended to reduce hypertension, weight loss, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases or metabolic diseases on sedentary females between 130-140 heart rate.
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Quiles, Huertas, Mañas, Ochoa, Battino, and Mataix. "Oxidative Stress Induced by Exercise and Dietary Fat Modulates the Coenzyme Q and Vitamin A Balance Between Plasma and Mitochondria." International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 69, no. 4 (1999): 243–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831.69.4.243.
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Physical exercise induces oxidative stress. Dietary fat modulates lipid composition of plasma and fatty acid profile of mitochondrial membranes. Over 8 wk, two groups of rats were fed virgin olive oil or sunflower oil as the only fat sources. Both groups were divided into 4 subgroups according to exercise: one of sedentary rats and the other three of rats subjected to different exercises on a treadmill. There was a lower concentration of vitamin A and coenzyme Q in the plasma of animals subjected to exercise compared to the sedentary animals. The concentrations of these molecules in liver and skeletal muscle mitochondria of animals exercised until exhaustion were higher than in sedentary animals. This can suggest the existence of a balance between plasma and mitochondrial membrane for these antioxidants as a response to an oxidative attack.
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Berezina, A. V., O. D. Beliaeva, E. A. Bazhenova, O. A. Berkovich, E. I. Baranova, and E. N. Grineva. "Lipid oxidation during physical exercises of different intensity in patients with abdominal obesity." Problems of Endocrinology 56, no. 2 (2010): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/probl201056220-26.
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The objective of this work was to study the character of lipid oxidation during physical exercises of different intensity and identify factors influencing this process in patients with abdominal obesity. The study included 90 patients aged from 30 to 55 years with abdominal obesity (AO). Lipid oxidation (LO) during physical exercises (PE) was measured by the indirect colorimetric technique with the assessment of oxygen consumption (VO2peak), anaerobic threshold (AT), and respiratory coefficient (RQ). The level of physical activity (PA) and body composition were determined. Patients with abdominal obesity exhibited maximum lipid oxidation at low-intensity physical exercise; it decreased with increasing PE intensity. Lipid oxidation was related to AT (r=0,6; p=0,0001), heart rate at maximum PE (r=0,8; p<0,001), energy expenditure during physical exercices (r=0,98; p=0,016), total energy consumption for the maintenance of physical activity (r=0,3; p<0,035), lean body mass (r=0,3; p=0,04), and duration of obesity (r=0,6; p=0,04).
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Liu, Feng, and Lulu Gao. "THE EFFECT OF SPORTS IN PROMOTING THE ENHANCEMENT OF ADULT BONE DENSITY." Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte 28, no. 2 (2022): 130–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1517-8692202228022021_0431.
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ABSTRACT Introduction: Exercise is an important part of osteoporosis treatment. A moderate amount of exercise can improve bone metabolism, improve bone biomechanics and increase bone density. Objective: To study the effects of different sports on adult bone mineral density. Methods: We selected volunteers to perform different exercises and used quantitative ultrasound and bioelectrical impedance methods to test the volunteers. Results: Exercise can increase the content of lean body mass in body composition and reduce body fat percentage. The calcaneal bone mineral density of physical education students is positively correlated with low body weight. Conclusion: Exercise can promote the bone mineral density of young adults. Stronger weight-bearing exercises can better promote the increase of bone density. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.
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Khanthong, Phaksachiphon, Warinee Sangprapai, Kotchakorn Jetinai, and Chaiyawat Namboonlue. "Evaluating the Benefits of a Tele-Exercise Program on Quality of Life and Body Composition Among Female Older Adults." Physical Education Theory and Methodology 24, no. 3 (2024): 375–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2024.3.04.
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Objectives. This study aimed to assess the impact of an 8-week tele-exercise program on the quality of life (QoL) and body composition among female older adults. Materials and methods. This study involved female participants aged 60 and older, using a quasi-experimental research design. The tele-exercise regimen comprised a multimodal approach, with sessions lasting 30 minutes, conducted three times a week over an 8-week period. The program included breathing exercises, cognitive training, balance exercises, strength training, stretching, aerobic dance and karaoke singing. The sessions were conducted via streaming studio facilities at the Computer Center of Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University (Thailand). The tele-exercise equipment was represented by the following technical means: a 50-inch LED TV, OBS (Open Broadcaster Software) version 30.1.2 for live broadcasting and video recording, Google Meet for virtual interaction, wireless portable microphones, a desktop computer, and two 19-inch computer monitors. Pre- and post-intervention data were collected, including assessments of QoL using the Thai abbreviated version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire and body composition measurements (waist circumference and bioelectrical impedance analysis; BIA). Results. Statistically significant improvements were observed in both QoL and body composition following the tele-exercise intervention. QoL scores demonstrated significant enhancements in overall QoL (p = 0.004), as well as in the social relationship (p = 0.002) and environmental (p = 0.001) domains. Regarding body composition, reductions in waist circumference and visceral adipose tissue were statistically significant (p < 0.05), while muscle mass and body fat mass showed trends toward improvement, though not statistically significant. Conclusions. The findings suggest that tele-exercise training holds promise for enhancing QoL and positively influencing body composition among female older adults. This underscores the potential of tele-exercise as a viable option for older adults, offering cost and time-saving benefits, particularly in situations where transportation may pose challenges.
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Karapinar, M., A. Karaİbrahİmoğlu, F. Baskurt, and Z. Baskurt. "POS0072-HPR EXERCISES TRAINING AS A TREATMENT FOR RHEUMATOID CACHEXIA IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 82, Suppl 1 (2023): 247.2–247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2023-eular.696.
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BackgroundRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic inflammatory autoimmune disease that characterized by chronic, symmetric and erosive synovitis that may lead to severe disability and impairments. RA patients frequently have adverse changes in their body composition, with a decrease in muscle mass and an increase in fat mass, a syndrome that is termed rheumatoid cachexia (RC). RC is associated with chronic inflammation, impaired muscle mass and strength and body mass loss, all of which are classical targets of exercise training.ObjectivesThis systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the effects of exercise training on body composition included fat mass, lean body mass and muscle strength in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.MethodsWe searched PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, EMBASE, CINHAL, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar and Science Direct for relevant articles until November 2022. Systematic review included randomised controlled trials and controlled trials. Pre- and post- exercises intervention data on our primary outcomes included body composition [e.g., using BMI, bioelectrical impedance analysis, fat-free mass index (FFMI)] and isometric knee muscle strength. Two authors independently screened records and data were extracted using Microsoft Excel and exported to STATA version 15.0 software for analysis. Risk of bias was assessed and a random-effects model was used to pool effect sizes by standardized mean differences (SMD).ResultsSix studies with a total of 119 patients with RA in the meta-analysis. Exercises interventions had a median (range) duration of 14 (12-24) weeks and including progressive resistance training, high-intensity resistance training, proprioceptive exercises and water-based exercises programs. Exercises interventions a superior effect compare to control on both fat mass [SDM -0.20 (%95 CI – 1.20, 0.79), p<0.001, i2; %91], lean body mass [SDM 0.66 (%95 CI -0.77, 2.09), p< 0.001, i2; %95] and isometric knee extensor muscle strength [SDM 3.01 (0.59, 5.43), p<0.001, i2; %97] (Figure 1).ConclusionOur meta-analysis indicates different exercises trainings effectively decreased fat mass and increased isometric extensor muscle strength and lean mass in patients with RA thereby slowing or reversing RC.Reference[1]Roubenoff, R. (2009). Rheumatoid cachexia: a complication of rheumatoid arthritis moves into the 21st century.Arthritis research & therapy,11(2), 1-2.Figure 1.Forest plot of RC parameters (fat mass, lean body mass and muscle strength) for exercise training versus control groups at weeks 12 and 24Acknowledgements:NIL.Disclosure of InterestsNone Declared.
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Gündoğan, Burak, Erkan Demirkan, Erbil Murat Aydın, and Abdüsselam Turgut. "THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT GYMNASTICS TRAININGS ON BODY COMPOSITION AND SOME PERFORMANCE COMPONENTS IN ADULT MALE NON-GYMNASTS." Science of Gymnastics Journal 12, no. 3 (2020): 345–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.52165/sgj.12.3.345-356.
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The aim of this study was to compare the effects of artistic and trampoline gymnastics training on body composition and some of the physical fitness components in adult non-gymnasts. Forty-eight adult non-gymnasts were randomly assigned to three groups: a trampoline gymnastics group (TG) (n = 16), an artistic gymnastics group (AG) (n = 16), and a control group (CG) (n = 16). Two of the group except the CG performed different gymnastics training, including artistic and trampoline gymnastics twice a week during 12 weeks. The control group performed only a warm-up exercise twice a week along the study. To determine the effects of each gymnastics training on body composition, Y dynamic balance test that including six postural tasks, vertical jump, standing long jump and two different flexibility tests, were performed before and after the study for all groups. The AG and TG were significantly (p<0,05) improved when it comes to all bio-motor abilities in adult non-gymnasts after 12 weeks of training. But the trampoline gymnastics exercises may be seen to be more efficient compared to the artistic gymnastics exercises. The trampoline exercises may be recommended as an alternative mode of exercise for improving bio-motor abilities.
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Sanaa Ali Ahmed, Alrashid. "The Effect of Mat Pilates Exercise Program on Body Mass Index and Body Composition in Non-Physically Active Working Iraqi Women." Journal of Sports Medicine and Therapy 8, no. 4 (2023): 053–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.jsmt.1001073.
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The current study aimed to investigate the effect of using a pilates exercise program on improving body mass index and body composition of non-physically active working women. The participants of the study were (16) working women at the University of Basrah, Iraq. A pre-posttest was utilized to collect the data, (after a 12-week cycle of exercises) in Pilates groups, the results of the study showed that there were statistically significant differences at (α ≤ 0.05) in the women’s mean scores on body mass index and body composition. The study concluded that the pilates exercise program is effective in the improvement of body mass index and body composition of non-physically active working women.
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Alotaibi, Khalaf, Hammad Fadlalmola, Huda Abedelwahed, et al. "Impact of resistance training in patients with intellectual disabilities: a systematic review and meta-analysis." Rawal Medical Journal 49, no. 2 (2024): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/rmj.20231022031107.
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Objective: This study reviews the effects of resistance training (RT) and combined exercises on adults with intellectual disabilities (ID), focusing on muscular strength improvements. Methodology: Databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched until August, selecting studies that compared RT and combined exercises against control groups. Results: A total of 24 studies with 924 participants were analyzed. RT significantly improved body weight (mean difference [MD] = -1.05, p=0.01) and leg press-RM outcomes (MD = 12.86, p<0.0001) versus controls. Combined exercises also showed notable benefits, enhancing overall training effects (MD = 21.95, p=0.0006) and sit-to-stand performance (MD = 3.10, p=0.0003). Conclusion: RT and combined exercises significantly benefit body composition, flexibility, muscular strength, and cardiorespiratory fitness in individuals with ID. Customizing exercise programs based on individual needs, considering age, ID severity, and preferences, is vital.
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Reis, Aline S., Laisa L. Paineiras-Domingos, Eloá Moreira-Marconi, et al. "Composição corporal na síndrome metabólica: Proposta de um protocolo de ensaio clínico randomizado avaliando o efeito do exercício de vibração de corpo inteiro." Brazilian Journal of Health and Biomedical Sciences 18, no. 1 (2019): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/bjhbs.2019.53058.
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Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized bya group of cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension,hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, low high-density cholesteroland increased abdominal fat. Over the years, changesin body composition occur, with accelerated loss of lean massand increased fat mass, favoring cardiometabolic disorders.A strong relationship exists between physical inactivity andthe presence of multiple risk factors for MetS. Thus, physicalexercise has been recommended for the prevention of cardiovascular,chronic and MetS diseases. Whole-body vibration(WBV) exercise can be considered to be an exercise modalitythat benefits the muscular strength and cardiovascular healthof elderly, sick and healthy people. Individuals with MetSare unmotivated to perform physical exercise regularly and,therefore, new approaches to intervention for this populationare desirable. Objectives: The aim of this study is to presenta protocol to verify the effect of WBV exercise on the bodycomposition of MetS individuals. Methods: Randomized controlledtrial with MetS individuals that will be allocated to anintervention group (WBVG) and a control group (CG). Participantswill be placed barefoot on the base of a side alternatingvibrating platform, with 130º knee flexion. Individuals (WBVGand CG) will perform the protocol for 12 weeks, twice a week.The CG subjects will perform the exercises at 5Hz throughoutthe intervention and those from the WBVG will perform the5Hz exercises in the first session, adding 1Hz per session, endingthe protocol at 16Hz. The body composition will be evaluatedbefore and after the protocol using bioelectrical impedanceanalysis. Discussion: Studies involving WBV exercise haveshown improvement in composition in individuals withdifferent conditions (healthy and unhealthy). Conclusion: Theproposed protocol will permit the acquisition of findings thatwill be relevant in the evaluation of the effect of the WBV onthe body composition of MetS individuals due to its ease ofrealization, low cost and safety.Keywords: Whole body vibration exercise; Metabolic syndrome;Physical activity.
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Apaydın, Murat B., and Metin Polat. "Changes in body composition and blood parameters in sedentary women during 12 weeks of complex exercises." Pedagogy of Physical Culture and Sports 26, no. 5 (2022): 284–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15561/26649837.2022.0502.
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Background and Study Aim. There are studies examining the effects of exercise programs on body and blood parameters in sedentary individuals, but there are few studies examining the effects of resistance and cardio exercises in combination. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of step-aerobic, cardio and resistance training on body composition and blood parameters in sedentary women for 12 weeks.
 Material and Methods. Step- Aerobic, Cardio and Resistance exercises were applied to the volunteers participating in the study for 12 weeks, 3 days a week for 1 hour each. Body weight, body mass index, body fat percentage and body muscle percentage values were determined from body composition measurements before and after the application. Glucose, Vitamin D3, Triglyceride, Cholesterol, High-density lipoprotein and Low-density values were measured from blood parameters. There is no exercise planning was done in the control group.
 Results. After the exercise program, a significant decrease (p<0.05) in body weight, body mass index, body fat ratio, Glucose, Vitamin D3, Triglyceride, Cholesterol and Low-density values and a significant increase (p<0.05) in High-density lipoprotein and values were determined in the study group. In the control group, no significant change was observed in both body composition and blood parameters (p>0.05).
 Conclusions. In the this study, it was found resistance, cardio and step-aerobic exercise programs had a positive effect on body composition and blood parameters in sedentary women. In the control group, there is no positive data for the end of the this study and there is no significant change not only body parametres bu also blood measurement in the control group.
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Chang, Ko-Hsin, Chih-Hsiang Hung, Tzu-Yun Lin, Hsiao-Hsien Lin, and Yi-Ling Chen. "A Study on the Effects of Chinese Massage on Physical and Mental Health in Participants Based Smart Healthcare." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2022 (January 7, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9732355.
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The purpose of this study is to understand the influence of the effect of the smart Chinese massage appliance on the participants’ sports performance and physical and mental health after intermittent exercises. The study was performed by a mixed-study method. First, the experimental research method was used to design an experimental procedure and specifications such as data collection scope. Next, the quantitative research was carried out, using SPSS 26.0 statistical software to analyze data from the questionnaire. Then, the qualitative research was carried out by interviewing experts and respondents and obtaining their opinions. Finally, all the data were collated and analyzed using the multidimensional review method. Findings. Chinese massage significantly improved the physical fitness, exercise performance, body composition, and physical and mental health status of high-strength cyclic exercise participants. High-strength exercises can improve the physical and mental health of men. Medium-strength exercises could improve current conditions for women. Oxygen intake remained peaked for 8 sessions for men and increased after 30 sessions for women. Both groups required a 1-2-week adaptation period but had different exercise performance periods. After the experiment, head and back pain, as well as stress and negative emotions, was improved. The high intensity of the exercises relieved fear, headache or head stress, overeating, and other problems.
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Kerroum, Mohamed Arab, and Mohammed Zerf. "Types of Classroom Chair Stretch Exercises and their Feasibility and Potential to Structure the Recommend Classroom-Based Physical Activity Break Primary Programs." Acta Facultatis Educationis Physicae Universitatis Comenianae 60, no. 2 (2020): 229–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/afepuc-2020-0019.
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SummaryThis pilot study tests the significance of a classroom chair stretch exercises types and their feasibility and potential to structure the optional classrooms Based Physical Activity Break Primary Programs (ABC-PA).Materials and methods. To achieve this goal, we proposed two chair stretch exercises ABC-PA programs, one with sit-to-stand chair exercises and other without sit-to-stand chair exercises. Applied for 4-weeks among 90 children, five grade levels, 45 in each division during the academic years 2017-2018. Controlled by components of Fitness Gram health-related physical fitness, before and after 4-weeks of the research project to establish the superiority of the two models proposed.Results. To admit study ABC-PA protocols, and statistics performed. Our outcomes confirmed sit-to-stand as the recommended exercise to structure the optional classroom-based physical activity breaks routine intervention.Conclusions. We approved the sit-to-stand as a powerful chair exercise able to enhance cardiovascular endurance, muscle strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, maintenance of body composition and reduction of prolonged class daily time sittings. More efficacy are the sit-downs noticed in this study as prolonged static stretch able to improve static flexibility but without changes in classrooms sedentary routine.
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Čichoň, Rostislav, Adam Maszczyk, Petr Stastny, et al. "Effects of Krankcycle Training on Performance and Body Composition in Wheelchair Users." Journal of Human Kinetics 48, no. 1 (2015): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2015-0093.
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AbstractInnovation in training equipment is important for increasing training effectiveness, performance and changes in body composition, especially in wheelchair users with paraplegia. The main objective of a workout session is to induce an adaptation stimulus, which requires overload of involved muscles by voluntary effort, yet this overload may be highly influenced by the size of the spinal cord lesion. Krancykl construction is designed to allow exercise on any wheelchair and with adjustable height or width of crank handles, where even the grip handle may be altered. The aim of this study was to determine the differences in body composition, performance and the rate of perceived exertion (RPE) in paraplegics with a different level of paralyses after a 12 week training programme of a unilateral regime on Krankcycle equipment (a crank machine). The study sample included four men and one women at a different spine lesion level. The 12 weeks programme was successfully completed by four participants, while one subject got injured during the intervention process. Three participants were paraplegics and one was quadriplegic with innervation of the biceps humeri, triceps humeri and deltoideus. The Krankcycle 30 min programme was followed by four other exercises, which were performed after themselves rather than in a circuit training manner as the latter would result in much longer rest periods between exercises, because paraplegics have to be fixed by straps during exercise on hydraulic machines. The RPE after the workout decreased following the twelve week adaptation period.
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Bigard, André X., Pierre Lavier, Lionel Ullmann, Hélène Legrand, Philippe Douce, and Charles Y. Guezennec. "Branched-Chain Amino Acid Supplementation during Repeated Prolonged Skiing Exercises at Altitude." International Journal of Sport Nutrition 6, no. 3 (1996): 295–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsn.6.3.295.
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This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that a branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation would minimize changes in body composition and alterations in plasma amino acid profile induced by prolonged exercises at altitude. Twenty-four highly trained subjects participated in six successive sessions of ski mountaineering (6-8 hr duration, altitude 2,500-4,100 m). Twelve subjects took a dietary supplement of BCAA (BCAA group) and 12 took a dietary supplement that was 98% carbohydrate (C group). Body weight decreased in C subjects (-2.1%,p < .01), while the body weight loss recorded in the BCAA group was not statistically significant (-1.2%, NS). Changes in body composition that resulted from repeated skiing exercise at altitude were not significantly minimized by BCAA administration. Peak power output recorded during an incremental bicycle exercise decreased in C subjects but did not change significantly in BCAA subjects. Results of this study demonstrate that neither changes in body composition related to the ski mountaineering program nor muscular performance during isometric contraction was significantly affected by BCAA administration.
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Nitrean, Alina I., Vladimir A. Stebelkov, and Kirill D. Zhizhin. "Experience in the Application of Forensic Examination Techniques in IAEA Regional Nuclear Forensic Exercises." Russian Journal of Legal Studies (Moscow) 9, no. 3 (2022): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/rjls109496.
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It was shown that the five-day format of the exercise was sufficient for the participants to practically master the procedure and characteristic features of all the main stages of the investigation of a crime with NRM, from the examination of the crime scene to development of an expert opinion. The procedure for choosing the parameters of the RDD imitators used in the exercises has been worked out. The informativeness of the main methods for performing forensic examinations SEM-EDX, SIMS, ISP MS and fingerprinting in the conditions of the short exercises was demonstrated. In environmental samples as well as on the surrounding items in the workshop of terrorists, identical particles of NRM simulators were identified particles of lead oxide with a characteristic morphology and tungsten microparticles with a modified isotopic composition were also studied. The possibility of the participants mastering the methods of dactyloscopy was also shown. Some mistakes made by the exercises participants were noted, which necessitate additional training and new exercises.
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Çay, Veysi, Gurbuz Buyukyazi, Cevval Ulman, et al. "Effects of aerobic plus explosive power exercises on bone remodeling and bone mineral density in young men." Turkish Journal of Biochemistry 43, no. 1 (2017): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tjb-2016-0130.
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AbstractObjectives:This study aims to examine effects of aerobic jogging and explosive power exercises on body composition, maximal oxygen consumption (MaxVOMaterials and methods:Thirty seven healthy males were divided into exercise group (EG, n=19) and control group (CG, n=18). EG completed 10 weeks of outdoor aerobic (jogging at 60–70% maximal heart rate reserve starting from 20 min steadily increasing up to 28 min) and explosive power exercises (in 2–3 sets, with maximum repetitions lasting 15 s), 3 times per week. All measurements were taken before and after the exercise program. BMD was measured via dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA).Results:Body mass index (p<0.001) significantly decreased; MaxVOConclusion:Performing our outdoor exercise program in spring months might have an important role in the significant increase (9 vs. 22 ng/mL) in mean vitamin D level, which reached above the fracture risk level of 20 ng/mL.
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Daneshjoo, Abdolrasoul, and Soudabeh Raeisi. "Effect of Eight Weeks Plyometric Training on Some Kinematic Parameters, Horizontal Jumping Power, Agility, and Body Composition in Elite Parkour Athletes." Journal of Sport Biomechanics 6, no. 1 (2020): 54–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/biomechanics.6.1.1.
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Objective: A high correlation between lower limb explosive power and muscular strength, production of high power levels in the shortest time, and high level of agility are essential to achieve optimal performance in Parkour. It seems that polymetric exercises can make it possible to achieve the highest performance. In this regard, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of an 8-week plyometric exercise program on knee kinematic parameters, body composition, agility and horizontal jumping power of Parkour athletes. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test design, 20 elite Parkour athletes aged 19-26 years were selected and randomly divided into two groups of exercise (n=10) and control (n=10). The exercise group carried out the program for eight weeks, three sessions per week, each for one hour. Before and after exercise, measurements of kinematic parameters of knee, agility, and horizontal jumping power, and body composition in subjects were performed. The collected data were analyzed using t-test considering a significant level of P≤0.05. Results: Plyometric exercise for eight weeks had a significant effect on knee kinematic parameters of Parkour athletes (P=0.003) and significantly improved their horizontal jump, agility and reduced body fat percentage (P≤0.05). Conclusion: Plyometric exercise can significantly improve kinematic parameters of the knee, increase the jumping power and agility, and reduce body fat percentage in Parkour athletes; however, since Parkour movements are very similar to plyometric exercises, more study is needed.
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Gibson, Craig A. "Better living through prose composition? Moral and compositional pedagogy in ancient Greek and Roman progymnasmata." Rhetorica 32, no. 1 (2014): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rh.2014.32.1.1.
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Ancient Greek and Roman compositional instruction, as evidenced in Greek handbooks on the progymnasmata and Quintilian's Institutio Oratoria, included a strong moral component. The importance of moral pedagogy to ancient teachers and theorists is seen not only in the themes and contents of the exercises, but also in their sequencing and justification.
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ARTENE, Diana Violeta, Cristian Ioan BORDEA, and Alexandru BLIDARU. "A moderately high protein diet and 4’ isometric exercises efficacy in breast cancer patients treated with antiestrogenic medication." Romanian Journal of Medical Practice 12, no. 2 (2017): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rjmp.2017.2.5.
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Many breast cancer patients gain weight during treatment increasing recurrence, oncology specific mortality and general mortality risks. Breast cancer diagnosis and treatment overthrow patients’ lifestyle aggravating sedentariness and any preexisting weight gain causes like insulin and leptin resistance, dysbiosys and dyslipidemia. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of a moderately high protein diet – based on foods naturally high in proteins, omega-3 fatty acids, calcium, probiotics and prebiotics – and of an isometric exercise protocol to generate fat loss without muscle loss in ER+ breast cancer patients taking antiestrogenic treatment. We randomized 50 ER+ breast cancer patients – taking either Tamoxifen or Aromatase Inhibitors (AI) after surgery and chemotherapy – to follow a high protein diet, or a high protein diet and 4’ isometric exercises for 12 weeks. Patients were instructed to eat only when hungry and to keep a food journal. We measured weight and body composition with a bioelectrical impedance scale after checking for hydration status. The diet group lost 2.17 ± 2.42% subcutaneus fat (p = 0,000) with no muscle loss, and there was no statistical difference between patients taking Tamoxifen or AI regarding body composition evolution. The diet + isometric exercise group lost 2.2 more pounds than the diet group and 0.66 ± 0.91% visceral fat (p = 0,001) also with no muscle loss. AI patients from the diet and exercise grup did not improve muscle mass – maybe because of the musculoskeletal impact of AI medication. In conclusion, a moderately high protein diet can decrease body fat in ER+ breast cancer patients on antiestrogenic medication. Adding a daily minimal exercise protocol to a high protein diet decreases visceral fat – which is more hormonally active. And resistance-training exercises are more appropriate than isometric exercises for patients on AI.
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Shireesha, Reshma, and Obulesu Obulesu. "Assessment of Effect of Exercise on Body Composition in Obese and Overweight." Annals of International Medical and Dental Research 8, no. 1 (2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.53339/aimdr.2022.8.1.1.
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Background: Aim: To assess the effect of exercise on body composition in obese and overweight. Methods: A total of seventy- two overweight subjects of either gender were enrolled for the study. Two groups were prepared. One group was experimental group (n=36) and the second group was control group (n=36). Parameter such as age, height and weight was recorded. On the basis of variables body mass Index and body fat percentage of every subject was determined. The experiment group were put on aerobic exercises spread over duration of four weeks. Results: The mean height in group I was 163.7 cm and 165.4 cm in group II. Weight was 65.2 kg and 63.5 kgs in group II, BMI (Kg/m2) was 29.4 and 29.1, body fat was 29.3% and 29.6% in group I and II respectively. A significant difference was observed (P< 0.05). The mean pre- test BMI was 29.6 and 38.5 and post- test value was 26.4 and 38.9 in group I and II respectively. A significant difference was observed (P< 0.05). Conclusions: Regular physical activity appears to confer a health benefit to the people. There was a positive relationship between aerobic exercises and overweight women in order to reduce the value of fat in the body.
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Antonio, Jose, John Uelmen, Ramsey Rodriguez, and Conrad Earnest. "The Effects of Tribulus Terrestris on Body Composition and Exercise Performance in Resistance-Trained Males." International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 10, no. 2 (2000): 208–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.10.2.208.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of the herbal preparation Tribulus terrestris (tribulus) on body composition and exercise performance in resistance-trained males. Fifteen subjects were randomly assigned to a placebo or tribulus (3.21 mg per kg body weight daily) group. Body weight, body composition, maximal strength, dietary intake, and mood states were determined before and after an 8-week exercise (periodized resistance training) and supplementation period. There were no changes in body weight, percentage fat, total body water, dietary intake, or mood states in either group. Muscle endurance (determined by the maximal number of repetitions at 100—200% of body weight) increased for the bench and leg press exercises in the placebo group (p < .05; bench press ±28.4%. leg press ±28.6%), while the tribulus group experienced an increase in leg press strength only (bench press ±3.1 %, not significant; leg press ±28.6%, p < .05). Supplementation with tribulus does not enhance body composition or exercise performance in resistance-trained males.
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Pimenta, Luciana Duarte, Danilo Alexandre Massini, Daniel Dos Santos, et al. "WOMEN’S FEMORAL MASS CONTENT CORRELATES TO MUSCLE STRENGTH INDEPENDENTLY OF LEAN BODY MASS." Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte 25, no. 6 (2019): 485–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1517-869220192506208956.
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ABSTRACT Introduction There is limited consensus regarding the recommendation of the most effective form of exercise for bone integrity, despite the fact that weight training exercise promotes an increase in muscle mass and strength as recurrent responses. However, strength variations in women do not depend on muscle mass development as they do in men, but strength enhancement has shown the potential to alter bone mineral content (BMC) for both sexes. Objective This study analyzed the potential of muscle strength, as well as that of whole-body and regional body composition, to associate femoral BMC in young women. Methods Fifteen female college students (aged 24.9 ± 7.2 years) were assessed for regional and whole-body composition using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Maximum muscle strength was assessed by the one-repetition maximum (1RM) test in the following exercises: bench press (BP), lat pulldown (LP), knee flexion (KF), knee extension (KE) and 45° leg press (45LP). Linear regression analyzed BMC relationships with regional composition and 1RM values. Dispersion and error measures (R 2 aj and SEE), were tested, defining p ≤0.05. Results Among body composition variables, only total lean body mass was associated with femoral BMC values (R 2 aj = 0.37, SEE = 21.3 g). Regarding strength values, 1RM presented determination potential on femoral BMC in the CE exercise (R 2 aj = 0.46, SEE = 21.3 g). Conclusions Muscle strength aptitude in exercises for femoral regions is relevant to the femoral mineralization status, having associative potential that is similar to and independent of whole-body lean mass. Therefore, training routines to increase muscle strength in the femoral region are recommended. In addition, increasing muscle strength in different parts of the body may augment bone remodeling stimulus, since it can effectively alter total whole-body lean mass. Level of Evidence II; Development of diagnostic criteria in consecutive patients (with universally applied reference ‘‘gold’’ standard).
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Johnston, Heidi E., Tahnie G. Takefala, Jaimon T. Kelly, et al. "The Effect of Diet and Exercise Interventions on Body Composition in Liver Cirrhosis: A Systematic Review." Nutrients 14, no. 16 (2022): 3365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14163365.
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Alterations in body composition, in particular sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity, are complications of liver cirrhosis associated with adverse outcomes. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effect of diet and/or exercise interventions on body composition (muscle or fat) in adults with cirrhosis. Five databases were searched from inception to November 2021. Controlled trials of diet and/or exercise reporting at least one body composition measure were included. Single-arm interventions were included if guideline-recommended measures were used (computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, bioelectrical impedance analysis, or ultrasound). A total of 22 controlled trials and 5 single-arm interventions were included. Study quality varied (moderate to high risk of bias), mainly due to lack of blinding. Generally, sample sizes were small (n = 6–120). Only one study targeted weight loss in an overweight population. When guideline-recommended measures of body composition were used, the largest improvements occurred with combined diet and exercise interventions. These mostly employed high protein diets with aerobic and or resistance exercises for at least 8 weeks. Benefits were also observed with supplementary branched-chain amino acids. While body composition in cirrhosis may improve with diet and exercise prescription, suitably powered RCTs of combined interventions, targeting overweight/obese populations, and using guideline-recommended body composition measures are needed to clarify if sarcopenia/sarcopenic obesity is modifiable in patients with cirrhosis.
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Wong, Patricia CH, Michael YH Chia, Ian YY Tsou, et al. "Effects of a 12-week Exercise Training Programme on Aerobic Fitness, Body Composition, Blood Lipids and C-Reactive Protein in Adolescents with Obesity." Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 37, no. 4 (2008): 286–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v37n4p286.
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Introduction: Developing effective exercise programmes for the paediatric population is a strategy for decreasing obesity and is expected to help in eventually limiting obesity-associated long-term health and societal impact. In this study, the effects of a 12-week twice weekly additional exercise training, which comprised a combination of circuit-based resistance training and aerobic exercises, in additional to typical physical education sessions, on aerobic fitness, body composition and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and lipids were analysed in 13- to 14-year-old obese boys contrasted with a control group. Materials and Methods: Both the exercise group (EG, n = 12) and control group (CG, n = 12) participated in the typical 2 sessions of 40-minute physical education (PE) per week in schools, but only EG participated in additional 2 sessions per week of 45 to 60 minutes per session of exercise training, which comprised a combination of circuit-based resistance training and aerobic exercises maintained at 65% to 85% maximum heart rate (HRmax = 220 - age). Body composition was measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Fasting serum CRP and blood lipids were analysed pre- and post-exercise programme. Aerobic fitness was measured by an objective laboratory submaximal exercise test, PWC170 (Predicted Work Capacity at HR 170 bpm). Results: Exercise training significantly improved lean muscle mass, body mass index, fitness, resting HR, systolic blood pressure and triglycerides in EG. Serum CRP concentrations were elevated at baseline in both groups, but training did not result in a change in CRP levels. In the CG, body weight increased significantly at the end of the 12-week period. Conclusion: This study supports the value of an additional exercise training programme, beyond the typical twice weekly physical education classes, to produce physiological benefits in the management of obesity in adolescents, including prevention of weight gain. Key words: Aerobic fitness, Body composition, C-reactive protein, Exercise training, Obese adolescents
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Ramezani, Sajjad, Sayed Abbas Biniaz, Mohsen Yaghoubi, and Nasrin Asadollahi. "The Effect of Selected Pilates Exercises on Balance, Blood Pressure, and Body Composition of Inactive Healthy Elderly Women." Journal of Vessels and Circulation 2, no. 1 (2021): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/jvc.2.1.76.2.
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Background and Aim: Aging is a process during which most of the body’s physiological functions are gradually weakened and disrupted. This study aimed to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of selected Pilates exercises on balance, body composition, and blood pressure in healthy older women. Materials and Methods: This randomized quasi-experimental study with the pre-test, posttest design was performed on 20 inactive older women with a Mean±SD age of 62±2.5 years, Mean±SD height of 160.6±4.51 cm, and Mean±SD weight of 67.70±4.60 kg. The participants were randomly divided into experimental (n=10) and control (n=10) groups. The experimental group participated in the Pilates program for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week. During this period, the control group did not participate in any training program. The studied variables in the training group were evaluated at the beginning and after 8 weeks of the program. Finally, the results of pre-test and post-test exercises of both groups were compared. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to ensure the normality of the data and paired t test and analysis of variance was used to analyze intra-group and inter-group findings, respectively. The significance level was set as less than 0.05. Results: Eight weeks of Pilates training significantly increased static (P=0.04) and dynamic (P=0.0001) balance and significantly decreased body fat percentage (P=0.001) in older women. However, the results showed that Pilates exercises had no significant effect on blood pressure and waist to hip ratio in older women (P≥0.05). Conclusion: Pilates exercises can improve balance and reduce the percentage of body fat in older women, and it is a suitable and inexpensive alternative or complementary treatment to improve balance and reduce falls. However, more studies are needed on the effect of this type of exercise on other indicators of elderly health.
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Dib, Márcia M., Crisieli M. Tomeleri, João Pedro Nunes, et al. "Effects of Three Resistance Exercise Orders on Muscular Function and Body Composition in Older Women." International Journal of Sports Medicine 41, no. 14 (2020): 1024–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1192-5205.
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AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to compare the effects of three resistance exercise orders on muscular strength, body composition, and functional fitness in trained older women. Forty-five women (aged ≥60 years), after performing 12 weeks of a pre-conditioning resistance-training program were randomly assigned in one of the following groups that performed the exercises in the following orders: multi-joint to single-joint order (MJ-SJ, n=15), single-joint to multi-joint order (SJ-MJ, n=15), and alternating between upper and lower body order (ALT, n=15). Specific training intervention lasted 12 weeks (3x/week) and was composed of eight exercises performed in three sets of 15/10/5 repetitions, with increasing load through the sets. Muscular strength was estimated by one-repetition maximum tests; body composition was assessed by whole-body dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and functional fitness was analyzed with a sequence of four motor tests. All groups improved similarly in muscular strength (Cohen’s effect size: MJ-SJ=0.45; SJ-MJ=0.48; ALT=0.45), skeletal muscle mass (MJ-SJ=0.08; SJ-MJ=0.07; ALT=0.09), and functional test performance (MJ-SJ=0.38; SJ-MJ=0.20; ALT=0.31), but no change was observed for body fat (P>0.05). The results suggest that 12 weeks of resistance training induce positive changes in muscle morphofunctionality, regardless of the exercise order employed in trained older women.
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Leite, Neiva, Juliana Pizzi, Francisco José de Menezes Junior, et al. "EFFECT OF MICT AND HIIT ON CARDIOMETABOLIC RISK AND BODY COMPOSITION IN OBESE BOYS." Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte 28, no. 4 (2022): 274–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1517-8692202228042020_0129.
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ABSTRACT Introduction: The prevalence of childhood obesity has increased and is associated with the development of several chronic diseases. Moderate-intensity continuous training is recommended as the main exercise method for treating obesity. However, in overweight and obese individuals, high-intensity interval training models have similar or greater fat reduction potential than moderate-intensity continuous training. Objective: This study aimed to compare the effects of 12 weeks of moderate-intensity continuous training and high-intensity interval training on cardiometabolic parameters, body composition, and cardiorespiratory fitness in obese adolescent boys. Methods: Fifty-six obese boys, aged 10-16 years old, were included. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, body composition, oxygen consumption, glucose, insulin, and the lipid profile were assessed. Participants were assigned to moderate-intensity continuous training (n=20), high-intensity interval training (n=20), and control (n=16) groups. The moderate-intensity continuous training sessions consisted of 90 minutes of cycling/walking exercises and the high-intensity interval training sessions consisted of 15 minutes of warm-up, 15-18 minutes of interval exercises, and 15 minutes of cool-down. Both were performed three times a week. A two-way mixed-model factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures was used. Results: In the high-intensity interval training group, there was an increase in relative and absolute oxygen consumption and a reduction in diastolic blood pressure. However, in the moderate-intensity continuous training group, there were increases in relative oxygen consumption and high-density lipoproteins, as well as reductions in anthropometric measurements, fat mass, and triglycerides. Conclusion: Moderate-intensity continuous training may be a better protocol for the reduction of fat mass, anthropometric measurements, and improvement of the lipid profile, while high-intensity interval training may be more effective in improving blood pressure among obese boys. Both exercises improve cardiorespiratory fitness. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.
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Zou, Di. "Vocabulary acquisition through cloze exercises, sentence-writing and composition-writing: Extending the evaluation component of the involvement load hypothesis." Language Teaching Research 21, no. 1 (2016): 54–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362168816652418.
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This research inspects the allocation of involvement load to the evaluation component of the involvement load hypothesis, examining how three typical approaches to evaluation (cloze-exercises, sentence-writing, and composition-writing) promote word learning. The results of this research were partially consistent with the predictions of the hypothesis: the two writing tasks with greater involvement load led to significantly better word learning than cloze-exercises with lower load, while composition-writing was significantly more effective than sentence-writing despite the same involvement load according to the matrix of the original model. Such results are explained from the perspectives of information organization and pre-task planning, based on which evaluation induced by cloze-exercises is suggested to be allocated with ‘moderate evaluation’ as it involves no use of chunking, hierarchical organization or pre-task planning, evaluation induced by sentence-writing with ‘strong evaluation’ as it involves chunking and pre-task planning at the sentence level, and evaluation induced by composition-writing with ‘very strong evaluation’ for it involves chunking, hierarchical organization and pre-task planning at the composition level.
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Fortier, J., V. Julliand, P. Harris, and A. G. Goachet. "Training management of Standardbred trotters: a field survey in France." Comparative Exercise Physiology 10, no. 1 (2014): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/cep13035.
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This study aimed to characterise the training practices of French trainers and to describe the training load undertaken by unqualified (UT) and qualified Standardbred trotters (QT). During the Paris-Vincennes 2012 meeting, 20 trainers from the Grosbois training centre were surveyed. Details of their general training practices as well as the weekly workloads for UT and QT were obtained. A nonparametric Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the UT and QT data and a principal component analysis (PCA) was carried out to examine links between trainer characteristics and particular training practices. Four main exercises used to train trotters were identified: (1) ‘promenade’ exercise: light exercise at walk and at slow trot (5.1±0.4 m/s) lasting 48±9 min; (2) ‘jogging’: moderate trot exercise (6.9±1.5 m/s) lasting 44±12 min; (3) ‘parcours’ exercise: moderate/high intensity trot session (10.3±0.9 m/s) over 2,844±1,412 meters with a final sprint; (4) ‘interval’ type exercise: fast trot sessions (10.8±0.9 m/s) over 1,010±212 meters with sprint phases. Trainers used a combination of these four exercises to train both UT and QT. Moreover, the estimated training weekly workload did not appear to differ between the two age categories, with apparently similar exercises and training loads being used to train both UT and QT. The results of the PCA suggested that as trainers become older and more successful they tend to change the composition of exercises used. They preferably used more ‘jogging’ type exercise, regardless of the horses’ age or training level. Whilst the weekly training plan varied between trainers, it seems that the individual trainer's annual programme was relatively constant, consisting of a repetition of a typical training week.
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Dudgeon, Wesley David, Jason Reed Jaggers, Kenneth Doyle Phillips, et al. "Moderate-Intensity Exercise Improves Body Composition and Improves Physiological Markers of Stress in HIV-Infected Men." ISRN AIDS 2012 (December 11, 2012): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/145127.
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HIV/AIDS and its treatment often alter body composition and result in poorer physical functioning. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a moderate-intensity exercise program on body composition and the hormones and cytokines associated with adverse health outcomes. HIV-infected males (N=111) were randomized to an exercise group (EX) who completed 6 weeks of moderate-intensity exercise training, or to a nonintervention control group (CON). In pre- and postintervention, body composition was estimated via DXA, peak strength was assessed, and resting blood samples were obtained. There was a decrease in salivary cortisol at wake (P=0.025) in the EX and a trend (P=0.07) for a decrease 1 hour after waking. The EX had a significant increase in lean tissue mass (LTM) (P<0.001) following the intervention. Those in the EX below median body fat (20%) increased LTM (P=0.014) only, while those above 20% decreased fat mass (P=0.02), total fat (N=0.009), and trunk fat (P=0.001), while also increasing LTM (P=0.027). Peak strength increased between 14% and 28% on all exercises in the EX group. These data indicate that 6 weeks of moderate-intensity exercise training can decrease salivary cortisol levels, improve physical performance, and improve body composition in HIV-infected men.
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ÇİÇEK, GÜNER, and Rabia Hurrem OZDURAK SINGIN. "Effect of aerobic and resistance exercises on body composition and quality of life in overweight and obese women: a randomized control trial." Universa Medicina 42, no. 1 (2023): 70–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.18051/univmed.2023.v42.70-83.
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BackgroundObesity has become a major health issue in the world and directly reduces the quality of life. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of aerobic and resistance exercises on body composition and quality of life (QoL) in overweight and obese women. Method An experimental study involving 90 overweight/obese women aged between 20-45 years participated in the study voluntarily and were randomized into control (n=30), aerobic exercise (AE) (n=30), and resistance exercise (RE) (n=30) groups. Either AE or RE groups performed exercise for 60 minutes per day for 10 weeks, whereas the control group did not perform any exercise. The body composition and QoL of the women were measured before and after the exercise. ResultsBody weight, BMI, fat mass, and waist and hip circumferences decreased significantly in both AE and RE groups after the exercise intervention compared to the control group (p<0.05). In addition, quality of life sub-dimensions including physical health, psychological health, social relationship, and environment sub-dimensions improved significantly in the AE and RE groups compared to the control group (p<0.001). Post hoc Tukey test showed that AE was as effective as RE for improving body composition parameters and QoL sub dimension compared to control group. ConclusionThis study demonstrated that both AE and RE were effective in improving body composition and thereby increasing the QoL in overweight and obese women. Both AE and RE programs are effective and should be considered within any multicomponent therapy program in overweight and obese women.
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Bello, Marieni, Maria Cirilo Sousa, Gabriel Neto, et al. "The Effect of a Long-Term, Community-Based Exercise Program on Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women with Pre-Diabetes and Type 2 Diabetes." Journal of Human Kinetics 43, no. 1 (2014): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2014-0088.
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Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a community-based exercise program on bone mineral density and body composition in postmenopausal women with pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes. Twenty postmenopausal women (aged 61.3 ± 6.0 years) with pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to a community-based exercise program group (n=10) or a control group (n=10). The community-based exercise program was multicomponent, three days per week for 32 weeks, and included walking, resistance and aquatic exercises. Body composition and bone mineral density were measured pre and post-training by dual X-ray absorptiometry. In the exercise group significant increases were found in the ward’s triangle bone mineral density (+7.8%, p=0.043), and in fat-free mass (+2.4%, p=0.018). The findings suggest that regular multicomponent training is effective in preventing osteoporosis and sarcopenia among postmenopausal women with pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes.
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Gallardo-Rodríguez, Adán Germán, Vanessa Fuchs-Tarlovsky, María Esther Ocharán-Hernández, and Christian Omar Ramos-Peñafiel. "Cross-Training and Resistance Training in Adults with Type B Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia during the Induction Phase: A Randomized Blind Pilot Study." Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 15 (2023): 5008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12155008.
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Patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) undergoing induction decrease their physical capacity, lose muscle mass, and decrease their quality of life (QOL). The safety, feasibility, and benefits of exercise during chemotherapy have been proven, but the effects of cross-training activities have yet to be analyzed. To measure the effects of cross-training on body composition, physical performance, and QOL, a blind randomized clinical trial was carried out. A total of 33 patients were included and randomized into a cross-training exercise group (CEG), a resistance exercise group (REG), and a control group (CG). During induction, patients received an exercise routine three to five days a week for 30 to 50 min each. Body composition, QOL, and physical performance were measured at baseline, up to discharge, and at a follow-up of two months. Body composition improved in the REG and CEG. In the CG, muscle mass decreased and fat mass increased (p = 0.020 and 0.020, respectively). The REG and CEG had significant positive improvements in physical performance compared to the CG. QOL showed no differences in any group (p = 0.340). Cross-training and resistance exercise are essential to improve body composition and physical performance during induction. Considering the prognostic value of physical performance, we propose integrated training exercises as adjuvant therapy in adult patients with ALL.
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Morente-Oria, Honorato, Pedro Jesús Ruiz-Montero, Óscar Chiva-Bartoll, and Francisco Tomás González-Fernández. "Effects of 8-Weeks Concurrent Strength and Aerobic Training on Body Composition, Physiological and Cognitive Performance in Older Adult Women." Sustainability 12, no. 5 (2020): 1944. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12051944.
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(1) Background: Despite plenty of evidence supporting the advantages of regular physical exercise amongst older women, it is not clear what the best methodology is to improve these parameters. Considering the growth of older population and aging process, this study analyses an 8-weeks concurrent training intervention; (2) Methods: A total of 48 older women participated in concurrent strength and aerobic exercises training intervention being used to know physical and cognitive improvements in older women through physical, physiological and vigilance tests; (3) Results: Significant differences were found in weight and body mass index (BMI) between pre-intervention and post-intervention and even better results, but non-significative, in maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max), total fat percentage and skeletal muscle mass. Additionally, we found cognitive improvements in vigilance (RT) related to executive functions. (4) Conclusions: An 8-weeks concurrent training program (strength and aerobic exercises) give another efficient possibility to obtain better physical, physiological and cognitive improvements in older women.
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Ryu, Hee-Soo, and Wi-Young So. "The Effects of 24 Weeks of Non-Face-to-Face Home Exercise on Body Composition, Physical Fitness, Cardiovascular Function, and Blood Profiles in Pre-Metabolic Syndrome Korean Adults: A Pilot Study." Healthcare 10, no. 10 (2022): 1963. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10101963.
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Background: This study assessed Korean residents’ health improvements by reducing chronic disease morbidity through customized health management. After identifying each participant’s strength and health through physical examinations and blood pressure tests, the effects of 24 weeks of online, non-face-to-face home workouts on body composition, physical fitness, cardiovascular function, and blood profiles in Korean adults with pre-metabolic syndrome were determined. Methods: Adults living in Chungcheongbuk-do, aged 19–65, and at the pre-metabolic syndrome stage were recruited at the Jeungpyeong-gun Public Health Center, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea. For 24 weeks, from February 2022 to July 2022, they exercised for 60-70 min, three times a week, on average, at a maximum heart rate of 60–70%. The “Mobile Healthcare” application was used to record exercise time, number of exercises, number of sets, and Rating of Perceived Exertion at the end of each exercise. Body composition, physical fitness, cardiovascular function, and blood profiles were measured before and after participation. Results: There were no significant differences in weight, body mass index, body fat, waist-to-hip ratio, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, resting heart rate levels, or glucose levels after participation in the workout (p > 0.05). However, muscle strength/handgrip strength, sitting-rising test results, single-leg balance, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and total cholesterol showed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Although the 24 weeks of non-face-to-face home workouts did not positively affect body composition or cardiovascular function, it improved physical fitness and dyslipidemia.
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Byeon, Ji-Yong, Dong-Hyuk Park, Mi-Kyung Lee, et al. "A Pilot Feasibility Study of a Combined Supervised- and Home-Based Exercise to Improve Cancer-Related Symptoms in 1-3 Colorectal Cancer Patients." Exercise Science 31, no. 1 (2022): 141–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2021.00318.
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PURPOSE: To assess the feasibility of a home-based exercise program specifically developed to improve bowel/defecatory and physical function in stage 1–3 colorectal cancer patients.METHODS: A total of 15 (56.7 years, 6 men and 9 women) stage 1–3 colorectal cancer survivors were recruited. Participants in the exercise group met with an exercise therapist once a week, 6 times over 6 weeks, where 1-hour exercise sessions (12 different resistance exercises, 10–15 reps, 2–3 sets) and an education session were provided. Participants in the exercise group were then asked to carry out the same exercises daily, at home. Their compliance was monitored through daily exercise logs. Participants in the control group did not receive any exercise education or intervention. Anthropometric measurements, physical function, and quality of life were assessed at baseline and at the 6th week in both groups. In-depth interviews were conducted with participants in the exercise group for a qualitative study.RESULTS: All 15 participants completed the trial and their data were included in the analyses. Stool frequency, flatulence, and embarrassment were significantly improved in the exercise group (pre vs. post, p<.05), while flatulence and embarrassment were significantly improved in comparison to the control group (between-group p-value=.014, and .025 respectively). Through in-depth interviews, participants reported that their body composition, physical fitness, and physical function improved, while symptoms such as fatigue, insomnia, stool frequency, flatulence, and embarrassment reduced after participation in the exercise program.CONCLUSIONS: Our pilot feasibility study showed that home-based exercises provided to colorectal cancer survivors were feasible based on their compliance and qualitative data. In addition, participation in the current exercise program resulted in improvement in their bowel and defecatory function and quality of life.
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Stojanović, Darko, Nataša Branković, Tijana Stojanović, and Zoran Momčilović. "THE EFFECTS OF SKILL-BASED EXERCISES AND A SMALL-SIDED GAMES PROGRAM ON THE BODY COMPOSITION OF ADOLESCENTS." Facta Universitatis, Series: Physical Education and Sport, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.22190/fupes191219001s.
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The purpose of this experimental study was to determine the effects of a skill-based exercise program on the body composition of adolescents. The study was conducted on 90 participants, (age, 13±6 years), divided by gender then randomly assigned into two sub-samples: the experimental [SS1, N=39 (EG1, 19 girls and EG2, 20 boys)] and the control group [SS2, N=51 (CG1, 24 girls and CG2, 27 boys)]. Body composition parameters were assessed by a caliper (skinfold thickness) and bioelectrical impedance analyzer Omron BF511 (percentage of body fat tissue and muscle tissue). After conducting the 16-week program of skill-based exercises and small-sided games (SSG) related to volleyball, certain body composition parameters statistically significantly increased in the experimental groups (except body fat percent in girls, and body fat mass in both genders). In the experimental period, the SS2 increased in body fat tissue (both genders) and in muscle tissue (girls), while a decrease in muscle tissue was recorded among the boys. The results of this study showed no significant differences in the effects of the two programs on body composition at the multivariate level for both genders. Furthermore, at the univariate level it was noted that the students following the experimental program (SS1) had better results compared to the SS2 of students in terms of the decrease of body fat tissue, as well as the increase of muscle tissue for both genders. The obtained results indicate that the program of skill-based exercises and SSG related to volleyball is suitable for adequate intensification of PE classes and improvement of body composition parameters of elementary school students.
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Cabo, Carolina Alexandra, Orlando Fernandes, María Mendoza-Muñoz, et al. "An Active Retirement Programme, a Randomized Controlled Trial of a Sensorimotor Training Programme for Older Adults: A Study Protocol." Healthcare 11, no. 1 (2022): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11010086.
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Research shows that exercise training programmes lead to several improvements in older adults’ health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and well-being. This study will examine the effects of an active retirement programme on Portuguese older adults, investigating its effects on body composition, physical fitness, HRQoL, and physical activity level (PAL). Therefore, a parallel-group randomised controlled trial will be conducted, including body composition (height and body weight), physical fitness (strength, flexibility, agility, postural control, and gait), HRQoL, and PAL assessments before and after the application of the programme. The programme will be carried out for six months, two days per week (45 min), plus a year of follow-up. The programme will consist of six circuits with eight physical exercises each. The circuits will change at the end of the four weeks (one monthly circuit). The exercises’ difficulty will increase throughout the programme, with alternatives for all the participants. If the effectiveness of the programme is demonstrated, implementation in different services and municipalities could be advised, as the actors involved in health and social services should promote the well-being of their citizens through, among others, health-related physical activity and the prevention of diseases associated with inactivity.