Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Composition de la baie'
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Diallo, Mamadou. "Le peuplement ichtyologique de l'aber en Crozon : composition, évolution : reproduction et croissance d'une espèce caractéristique l'équille Ammodytes tobianus L., 1758." Brest, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BRES2025.
Full textDiakou, Paraskevi. "La phosphénolpyruvate carboxylase de la baie de raisin (Vitis vinifera L. ) : étude biochimique, métabolique et immunocytochimique." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR20675.
Full textBerdeja, Aramayo Mariam. "Effects of water stress and rootstock genotype on grape berry composition." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR22103/document.
Full textClimate change is expected to influence crop production and to impact negatively the agricultural sector in the future. Among the major crops cultivated worldwide, grapevine provides berries that are the basis of high added value products (wines, liquors, and secondary metabolites used in the pharmaceutical and cosmetological industry) and whose metabolism is strongly sensitive to climate (vintage effect). However, the response of berry composition and the molecular mechanisms underlying the ability of rootstock/scion interaction to influence grape berry metabolism under drought stress are still poorly understood. In this context, this work aimed to fill the gaps on the aforementioned questions by combining comprehensive ecophysiological measurements, detailed metabolite analysis, and whole-genome transcriptome analysis. Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot noir grafted on either rootstock 110R (drought tolerant, mid- to high vigor) or 125AA (drought sensitive, high vigor) were studied during three growing seasons (2009, 2010, and 2011) in the field under normal rainfall or water shortage conditions. We characterized different physiological parameters (water status and yield components) and berry metabolomic profiles (sugars, organic acids, free amino acids and anthocyanins) during four developmental stages (E-L 33, E-L 35, E-L 36, E-L 38). Besides we also performed a microarray analysis in two years (2009 and 2010) at two critical and representative developmental stages (E-L 35 and E-L 36). Overall, this work provides novel insights into the response of grape berry metabolites to rootstock and to drought and uncovers some possible molecular mechanisms underlying the berry response to different rootstock/water status combinations
Cresson, Pierre. "Fonctionnement trophique des récifs artificiels de la baie du Prado (Marseille, France) : Origine et devenir de la matière organique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4017.
Full textArtificial reefs are a classical tool used to sustain small scale fisheries. In Marseille's Bay, the largest Mediterranean artificial reef system was deployed for this purpose. This system is a valuable opportunity to better understand the trophic functioning of artificial reefs, by (1) characterizing the organic matter (OM) sources, (2) determining how they are used by low trophic level consumers and (3) following their fate in the trophic networks. These issues were assessed by three approaches:C and N stable isotope ratios, biochemical composition of OM sources and fish stomach content.OM sources display isotopic and biochemical differences reflecting their functioning. Suspended POM is variable, under the influence of allochtonous inputs and controlled by climatic forcing. POM represents the main OM source of the artificial reef food webs. The benthic primary production has heterogeneous C and N stable isotope ratios and exhibits mainly high insoluble carbohydrates contents. Benthic primary production is integrated into trophic networks mainly in the form of detritus. Eventually the sediment organic matter is a detrital pool, characterized by a low variability and a poor nutritional quality.Artificial reefs do modify the organization and the functioning of natural fish communities, and provide diversified and important food resources. Stable isotope and stomach content analyses confirm the consumption of artificial reef invertebrates by small carnivorous fishes, preyed themselves by piscivorous predators. All these results confirm that artificial reefs can efficiently increase fish biomass by local production based on phytoplanktonic and local benthic OM sources
Wang, Lina. "Combining leaf-to-fruit ratio manipulations with exogenous abscisic acid applications to adjust sugar and anthocyanin concentrations in grape berry." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0264.
Full textOngoing climate change causes extreme weather events to increase both in frequency and intensity, significantly affecting vine physiology and grape berry composition at harvest. Elevated temperatures during the growing season increase must sugar content, while reducing organic acids and anthocyanins levels, modifying wine quality and typicality. Viticultural practices such as leaf-to-fruit ratio manipulations combined with applications of plant hormones can potentially be used to adapt to climate change and maintain the sustainability of wine production. To optimize adaptation strategies, we need to gain better insights into the links between sugars and anthocyanins accumulation during berry development and ripening.Fruiting-cuttings made up of one vertical shoot with one grape cluster of cv. Cabernet Sauvignon were grown between 2013 and 2018 in a naturally lighted and semi-controlled greenhouse. Various leaf-to-fruit ratios (2 to12 leaves per cluster) were applied, and combined with spraying abscisic acid (ABA, 400 mg.L-1) on berries at the pre-veraison stage. To explore the biological mechanisms underlying the effect of leaf-to-fruit ratio manipulation and application of exogenous ABA on berry composition, transcript abundance of genes related to sugar, anthocyanins and ABA metabolism were studied in this material. To further analyze the potential interplay between sugar and ABA signaling on anthocyanins biosynthesis, in vitro berry culture experiments were also conducted. Berries were cultured 2-3 weeks on solid medium supplemented with different sugar levels (0%, 2%, 8%) combined with ABA (200 µM), ABA biosynthesis inhibitor (NDGA), or hexokinase inhibitors (NAG, GDH).The results confirmed that reducing the leaf-to-fruit ratio had a significant effect on berry composition: reduction of sugar and anthocyanin content, slight increase in total organic acids and modification of the free amino acids composition. Exogenous ABA application increased sugars and anthocyanins concentrations, and partially restored the coupling between sugar and anthocyanins accumulation under low leaf-to-fruit ratios, without affecting the amino acids/sugar/organic acids ratios. Transcript abundance analysis revealed that several anthocyanin biosynthetic genes (CHS2, CHS3, CHI, F3H, DFR, LODX, UFGT, MybA1 and MybA2) were decreased under low leaf-to-fruit ratio, whereas some genes (CHI, F3H, F3’5’H, LODX, UFGT, MybA1 and MybA2) were up-regulated after exogenous ABA treatment. Exogenous ABA had little effect on the transcript abundance of sugar accumulation related genes, and leaf-to-fruit ratio also had little effect on ABA biosynthetic genes. Berry in vitro culture experiments showed that ABA and elevated concentrations of glucose synergistically induced anthocyanins biosynthesis during ripening. Both ABA and glucose decreased Phenylalanine concentration in ripening berries, most probably due to their role in promoting anthocyanins synthesis, and two-way crossed ANOVA analysis indicate a significant interaction between sugar and ABA levels and anthocyanin accumulation in berries.In conclusion, our results showed that ABA and sugar signaling synergistically interact to regulate the expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes and increase anthocyanins accumulation during berry ripening. Thus, exogenous ABA application was able to increase the ratio of anthocyanins to sugar under low leaf-to-fruit ratio at harvest, and combining leaf-to-fruit ratio manipulation with exogenous ABA applications may offer a fine-tuned way to reduce sugar concentration, while maintaining anthocyanin concentrations in grape berry, potentially offering a way to partially alleviate climate change related high temperature effects
Lecas, Martine. "Composition et structure des polymères constitutifs des parois cellulaires de la pellicule de la baie de raisin : application d'enzymes fongiques liquéfiant les parois à fins d'extraction des substances colorantes." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE10169.
Full textPerry, Richard Henry John. "The evolution of codon usage and base composition." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/17870.
Full textBriand, Xavier. "Prolifération de l'algue verte Ulva sp. En baie de Lannion, France : étude d'une nuisance et de son traitement par fermentation anaérobie." Lille 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIL10070.
Full textClément, Yves [Verfasser]. "The evolution of base composition in mammalian genomes / Yves Clément." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1030488088/34.
Full textBourgeois-Roy, Andréanne. "Les dépôts coquilliers de Baie-Comeau (Québec, Canada) : Communautés d'invertébrés marins, compositions isotopiques, géochimiques et reconstructions paléo-environnementales." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31907.
Full textMalet, Nathalie. "Écologie alimentaire de l'huître Crassostrea gigas : dynamique des compositions isotopiques naturelles." La Rochelle, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LAROS143.
Full textThis study investigated the characterization of the trophic transfer of the organic matter sources in an estuarine littoral ecosystem of the suspended-feeder oyster Crassostrea gigas: the Marennes-Oléron bay oyster farming area. Natural stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen were used as tracers of organic matter, primary production sources and trophic transfers. The processes of food incorporation allow to interpret the trophic transfer dynamics, thanks to the turnover rate tissues and the trophic enrichments, for five organs such as the gills, the digestive gland, the mantel, the muscle and the gonads. For different organs, the isotopic turnover rate of carbon was between one and four months. The isotopic turnover rate of nitrogen is three to five times faster than of carbon. The spatial and temporal variability of the source contributions (extrinsic factor) to the oyster diet and the gametogenic cycle (intrinsic factor) jointly influenced the tissue isotopic signals. Then the isotopic composition of oyster corrected for its trophic enrichment allows to determine its diet. The faster turnover rate of the digestive gland gave information about the temporal dynamics of the available food sources, whereas the muscle which integrated on long term period during growth, revealed spatial dynamics. To conclude, this study demonstrated the role played by oyster as a tropho-indicator of the nutritional dynamics in estuarine intertidal environment
Bryne, Lars-Elof. "Aspects on wettability and surface composition of modified wood." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Civil and Architectural Engineering, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4735.
Full textWood is often combined with other materials such as thermoplastics, adhesives and coatings. In general, combinations of wood and polymers especially in outdoor exposure have poor long-term durability. This behaviour can be related to an insufficient wood-polymer adhesion due to the low intrinsic compatibility between the wood substance and the polymers used. Another source for woodpolymer de-bonding is the high hygroscopicity of wood and great difference in hygro-thermal properties between the components.
The basic conceptual idea related to this work is to reduce the hygrosensitivity of wood by applying different wood modification methods, in particular, acetylation, furfurylation and heat treatment. The effects of such chemical modifications of wood, also accompanied with ageing effects, on its adhesion properties with commonly used synthetic polymers are, however, not well understood. In this context, the over-all purpose of this thesis is to achieve a better understanding of wood-polymer adhesion and interfacial forces which also may guide us to tailor the interaction between modified wood and e.g. thermoplastics and adhesives. The main focus of this thesis is therefore to apply contact angle analysis based on the Chang-Qin-Chen (CQC) Lewis acid-base model in order to estimate the work of adhesion (Wa) between the wood, modified wood and certain polymers. Contact angle measurements on wood samples were performed based on the Wilhelm plate principle. Related to this, an effort was also made to characterize the studied modified wood surfaces according to morphology and chemical composition. The methods that have been used are low vacuum scanning electron microscopy (LV-SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS).
Results show that so-called interaction parameters can be successfully estimated for prediction of Wa between wood and polymers using the applied CQC model. Furthermore, such wetting analysis was successfully related to spectroscopic findings of the chemical composition of the wood samples surface. Ageing effects, i.e. the time after preparation of the wood surface, play a central role for the surface characteristics. In most cases, ageing resulted in a significant decrease of Wa between wood and water and a moderate decrease between wood and thermoplastics. The surface characteristics of acetylated wood were, however, more stable over time compared to unmodified, furfurylated and heat treated wood. The predicted Wa with the adhesives for heat treated and acetylated wood was increased due to ageing. Future work is planned to involve studies in order to relate such predicted adhesion properties with the actual performance of various wood-polymer systems.
Kim, Chol-Ho. "A-Bu-GE: A Composition for Organ and Percussion." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc67940/.
Full textInturi, Rama Brahmam. "Structure, Composition and Pitting Behavior of Sputtered AI Base, Fe Base, and NI Base Alloy Films." The Ohio State University, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1392213869.
Full textInturi, Rama Brahmam. "Structure, composition and pitting behavior of sputtered Al base, Fe base, and Ni base alloy films /." The Ohio State University, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487841975356911.
Full textBenito, Eugénie. "L'arbousier, Arbutus Unedo L : botanique, composition chimique, propriétés médicinales." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR2P093.
Full textEtchebarne, Flor. "Influence du régime hydrique de la vigne et du rapport feuilles-fruits sur la composition minérale, et sur le bilan en sucres et en eau de la baie cv. Grenache Noir (Vitis vinifera L)." Montpellier SupAgro, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NSAM0003.
Full textThe objective of this work was to study source-sink relationships. Two factors were considered, leaf:fruit ratio and the effect of vine water status on the accumulation cations, sugar and water in the berry during the growth and ripening periods. The variety used wasGrenache Noir (Vitis vinifera L). During the 2006 and 2007 experimental growing seasons, two water status modalities were applied (irrigated and non irrigated) and three leaf:fruit ratio treatments were studied: 5, 10 and 18 leaves per primary shoot, with one bunch per shoot. The treatment of 10 leaves per shoot was the common treatment between the two years. In all the cases, 14 shoots per plant were left and each vine was considered as the sum of homogeneous primary shoots. The mineral element contents were determined separately in different fruit compartments, i. E. The skin, flesh and seeds. Results showed that dry matter only begins to diminish a few days after the onset of water deficit. Thus there is a latent period between the reduction in photosynthesis following water stress and the subsequent effects on fruit dry matter and water content. Mineral elements accumulate independently of one another, but their evolution in the fruit and their final quantity in the berry depend principally on plant water status. The accumulation of the mineral elements studied takes place during herbaceous growth period of the fruit from berry-set (the start of fruit development following anthesis) to veraison and continues during ripening for potassium, magnesium and sodium, − cations transported by the phloem. The accumulation of potassium parallels the evolution of fruit fresh weight and their final quantities in the berry depend principally on plant water status. Calcium is considered to be phloem-immobile in the vine and its accumulation takes place principally during herbaceous fruit growth period (pre-véraison). Berry composition is less dependent on leaf:fruit ratio than to grapevine water status, mainly for cations, sugar and water content. This work provides evidence of the importance of plant water status, irrespective of the leaf:fruit ratio, on berry compound accumulation. Vine waterstatus is a major regulating factor for source-sink regulationships. This study supports the hyphotesis of a partial functioning of berry xylem conduction post-véraison, in regards to Ca++ accumulation for vines under favourable hydric conditions. The use of a model to estimate the plant biomass production, has allowed to show that the carbohydrate reserves, apart from photosynthesis, could contribute to supply the berry sugar content from véraison to ripeness. That has been shown in plant water deficit situations and with unbalanced leaf to fruit ratio vines
Turczyniak, Sylwia. "Surface composition of cobalt catalysts for steam reforming of ethanol." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAF031/document.
Full textThe aim of the thesis was determination the influence of the ethanol steam reforming (ESR) reaction conditions, catalyst’s dispersion and potassium promotion on a surface’s composition and understanding the influence of these changes on catalysts’ performance. Cobalt-based catalysts (unpromoted and promoted with potassium) with low- and high-dispersed ceria and zirconia supports were used. The changes of the surface state of catalysts during the ESR were studied by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, whereas the reaction products evolution was followed by mass spectrometer or gas chromatograph. Highly-dispersed ceria-supported catalyst was characterized under low pressure conditions (0.2–20 mbar) with the water/ethanol molar ratio equal to 3/1 (at 420ºC). The other tests were carried out over all catalysts under total pressure of 1 atm with 3/1, 9/1 and 12/1 molar ratios (at 420ºC). The water/ethanol ratio of 12/1 was chosen for studies of the surface state of all catalysts with time-on-stream. It was found that the ESR selectivity to gaseous products and carbon deposition is governed mainly by surface hydroxyl species concentration; in the promoted catalysts together with Kδ+–Osurfδ- surface sites
Gburek, Daniel [Verfasser], Christel [Gutachter] Baier, and Prakash [Gutachter] Panangaden. "Stochastic transition systems: bisimulation, logic, and composition / Daniel Gburek ; Gutachter: Christel Baier, Prakash Panangaden." Dresden : Technische Universität Dresden, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1226813879/34.
Full textSandberg, Rickard. "Analyses of genomic and gene expression signatures /." Stockholm, 2004. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2004/91-7140-015-X/.
Full textArrizabalaga, Marta. "Response of Tempranillo (Vitis vinifera L.) clones to climate change-related factors (elevated temperature, high CO2, and water deficit) : plant performance and berry composition." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0439.
Full textClimate change is expected to modify future environmental conditions, therefore affecting agriculture. Tempranillo, a largely cultivated worldwide grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) red variety, will be affected by the increase of global mean temperature and atmospheric CO2 levels and the decrease of water availability in its cultivation area. The use of the intra-varietal diversity has been proposed as a strategy for keeping wine typicity and regional varieties cultivation under future growing conditions by shifting the ripening phase to more favourable environmental conditions. The aim of the thesis was to determine the response of different clones of Tempranillo to simulated 2100 environmental conditions, focusing on plant growth and development, as well as on berry composition. Fruit-bearing cuttings of Tempranillo clones, which differed in the length of their reproductive cycle, were exposed from fruit set to maturity to different scenarios of climate change in temperature gradient greenhouses (TGG) and growth chamber greenhouses (GCG). The impact of elevated temperature (+4 °C), elevated CO2 (700 ppm) and water deficit, both in combination or independently, were evaluated. The results show an increment of vegetative growth and a reduction of yield due to high temperatures. Elevated CO2 concentration also increased vegetative growth and photosynthetic activity, even though an acclimation process was observed, being stronger when combined with high temperature. Water deficit reduced severely the photosynthetic activity and vegetative growth, overshadowing the temperature and CO2 effects. Elevated temperature, both individually and combined with high CO2 levels, hastened sugar accumulation and advanced maturity, but these effects were mitigated by water deficit. Malic acid degradation was also enhanced by high temperature, especially when combined with elevated CO2 and water deficit. Amino acid concentration and profile were affected by high temperature, elevated atmospheric CO2 and, especially, water deficit. Elevated CO2 reduced the effect of temperature decoupling the anthocyanin and TSS accumulation; however, the combination of elevated temperature, high CO2 and water deficit led to the imbalance between these two grape components. Anthocyanin profile was modified by climate change, high temperature increasing the relative abundance of acylated forms and both elevated CO2 and drought favouring the relative content of malvidin and acylated, methylated and tri-hydroxylated forms. The clones studied showed differences in their phenological development, vegetative and reproductive growth, as well as in their grape composition. In addition, the results reveal the existence of a differential response of Tempranillo clones to the environmental conditions projected for 2100 in relation to plant performance and grape composition. In general, RJ43 was the most affected by the future growing conditions (high temperature, elevated CO2 and water deficit) among the clones studied in terms of phenology and anthocyanin concentration and profile. Conversely, VN31 maintained the highest anthocyanin and anthoycianin:TSS ratio, whereas 1084 had the lowest sugar, malic acid and anthocyanin levels. The differences observed in the response of the clones to climate change not always depended on their reproductive cycle length
Bouchaala, Charfeddine Olfa. "Gestion sensible au métier des processus à base de services." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLL004/document.
Full textContinuous business environment changes urge companies to adapt their processes from a business environment point of view. Indeed, companies struggle to find a balance between adapting their processes and keeping competitiveness. While the imperative nature of business processes is too rigid to adapt them at run-time, the declarative one of the purely rule based business processes is, however, very time consuming. Hybrid approaches in turn try to reconcile between these approaches aiming to reach the market requirements. Nevertheless, they also need an effort for aligning business logic and process logic. Therefore, in this thesis, we focus on business environment-aware management of service-based business processes aiming at conciliating imperative and declarative approaches. Our challenge is to develop a hybrid management approach that preserves industry standards to describe and to manage SBPs as well as minimizes designers’ efforts. Based on a semantic modeling of business environment, business processes as well as their relationships, and a control dependency analysis of business processes, we are able to synthesize a controller, itself modeled as a process, connected to the business process to be monitored and configured at run-time. We also validated the feasibility of our management approach by implementing the framework Business Environment-Aware Management for Service-based Business processes (BEAM4SBP). Experimentations show the efficiency of our approach with respect to other BEAM approaches
Fredholm, Allan. "Monocristaux d'alliages base nickel : relation entre composition, microstructure et comportement en fluage a haute temperature." Paris, ENMP, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ENMP0020.
Full textBou, Nader Khalil. "Grapevine age : Impact on physiology and berry and wine quality." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0329/document.
Full textVine age and its relation to the quality of the wine are topics of recurring interest, both scientific and economic. Consumers and actors in the wine sector seem to agree on the ability of old vines to produce wines of superior character. Despite ongoing research, the validity of this point of view remains debated and questions about the mechanisms through which old vines would end up with superior quality wines remain numerous. To try to answer them, the impact vine age on physiology, tolerance to water stress, and berry and wine quality were studied in an experimental vineyard planted with Vitis vinifera L. cv. of identical genetic material (Riesling Gm 239 grafted on 5C Teleki) but planted in different years.In 2014 and 2015, the vines planted in 2012 had not yet reached their full potential and had a significantly lower vegetative productivity and yield than the vines planted in 1995 and 1971. Moreover, the vines planted in 2012 were not subjected to the same grass treatment as older vines during this period to prevent excessive competition during establishment. The lower capacity of these vines and the absence of cover crop led to greater exposure of clusters to light and greater nitrogen accumulation, which resulted in a higher concentration of amino acids, monoterpenes, norisoprenoids, and flavonols in 2014 and 2015. In the following years (2016 and 2017), the yield and pruning weight of these vines, as well as their berry composition, were comparable to those of the older vines. The parameters of technological maturity (° Brix, total acidity and must pH) were not significantly affected by vine age.Vines planted in 1995 and 1971 showed similar physiological characteristics throughout the study with the exception of a higher incidence of esca syndrome in the older group. This disease was responsible for the decline in the total yield of vines planted in 1971, but individual yield per vine was equivalent for both groups.Sensory and chemical analyzes were conducted in 2017 on wines from previous vintages. The wines of the youngest vines were associated with aromas of ripe fruit and the kerosene aroma that is typical of Riesling. These wines were also identified by higher concentrations of potential monoterpenes and norisoprenoids and volatile sulfur compounds in 2014 and 2015 only. The sensory and chemical profiles of wines from vineyards planted in 1995 and 1971 were dependent on the vintage but not on the age of the vines. The wine profiles produced in 2016 were overlapping for the three age groups.The works described in this thesis manuscript are unique, particularly because the vineyard in which they were conducted was designed specifically to study the effect of the age of the vine under comparable environmental conditions. Once the youngest vines reached their fruiting potential and were conducted in the same way as the older vines, their productivity, the composition of their berries and the quality of the wines they produce converged with those of the two other groups. More interestingly, vines aged 19 and 43 years behaved similarly throughout the study and resulted in wines comparable in terms of sensory analysis, which goes against the an idea that the older vines produce wines of a different profile.Previous studies have shown that the productivity of the vines, whatever their age, could be explained by the wood reserves and the size of the trunk. To have a better idea of differences linked to reserves, the structure-from-motion with multi-view stereo-photogrammetry (SfM-MVS) method was tested to measure trunk thickness and volume. The technique, which allows the creation of scaled, georeferenced 3D models based on photographs, was able to produce accurate models of field-grown grapevine trunks
Fredholm, Allan. "Monocristaux d'alliages base nickel : relation entre composition, microstructure et comportement en fluage à haute température." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 1987. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002328.
Full textFredholm, Allan. "Monocristaux d'alliages base nickel relation entre composition, microstructure et comportement en fluage à haute température /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376052244.
Full textPeschanski, Frédéric. "Composition et adaptation dynamiques de systèmes distribués : une approche à base de composants asynchrones typés." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066293.
Full textStone, David Joseph. "Optimal Composition Window of Type 410 Welding Consumables and Base Metals for Hydro-processing Applications." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu149270477418846.
Full textTriolo, Roberta. "Hierarchy of factors impacting grape berry mass at different scales and its direct and indirect effects on grape and wine composition." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0336/document.
Full textFinal berry mass is the result of the integrated effect of several factors. They also influence berry composition. The present work was designed to study the simultaneous effect of major factors influencing berry mass and composition, to hierarchize their impact at different scales, to distinguish their direct and indirect effect on berry composition and to compare the profile of wines made from large and small berries. The study was carried out simultaneously on two vineyards located in the Saint Emil ion (France) and Alcamo (Sicily) areas, during 2014 and 2015. On the first site, vines were planted on two soil types, while on the second site two different irrigation treatments were applied. Depending on the scale, some factors homogeneously impacted the berry mass and composition. At the intra-parcel scale, vine water status represented the most impacting factor, while berry seed number did not have significant effect. Opposite results were obtained when the investigation was carried out at the intra-bunch and intra-plant scales. At large scale, factors impacted directly and indirectly berry compounds and grape juices and wines produced from smaller berries were more concentrated. Neither at intra-bunch, nor at intra-plant scales, berry size effect on juice composition was significant. Only anthocyanin concentration was related to berry size at all scales. This fact was particularly obvious in berries produced under limited water conditions. Water deficit increased the skin to flesh ratio, independently of berry size. This means that small and large berries, produced from a single parcel with homogenous water uptake conditions, tend to have similar enological profiles
Batin, Estelle. "Influence de la composition chimique des tissus humains sur les dépôts de dose en hadronthérapie." Caen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CAEN2026.
Full textTo compute the dose distribution, treatment planning systems require the exact anatomical location of tissues provided by computed tomography (CT) and the exact range of hadron beams in tissues based on the water equivalent ratio (WER). Since CT numbers are determined with x-rays and with an energy different from that used in hadrontherapy, a relation between CT numbers and the WER must to be established. We propose a determination of the WER with a Monte-Carlo simulation (GEANT4). We have determined the WER for 76 human tissues for a 135 MeV proton beam and for a 290 MeV/A carbon beam. The difference between the stoichiometric calibration and the simulated WER is lower than 1%. An additional 2% uncertainty that arises from the uncertainty in the CT numbers measurement should also be considered. The calculated WER were used to convert the water linear energy transfer (LET) curve into the human tissue LET curve for a 135 MeV proton beam and for a 290 MeV/A carbon beam. For both beams, the difference between the rescaled Bragg peak location and the one from the simulated curve is lower than 0,5 mm over the whole range of CT numbers. The differences between the maximum LET values can reach 3% for the proton beam in bones and vary between 1,5% and 3,5% for all tissues for the carbon beam. The scaling in two dimensions can be improved by using an additionnal factor that takes the scattering into account
Beziat, Isabelle. "Composition corporelle et métabolisme de base dans les aménorrhées hypotalamiques fonctionnelles, en particulier dans l'anorexie mentale." Montpellier 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON11009.
Full textSnyman, Caroline Lucie Charlotte. "The influence of base wine composition and wood maturation on the quality of South African brandy." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53770.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: Brandy production is a multi-step process that involves grape harvesting, base wine fermentation, distillation, wood maturation and blending. Within each of these production process steps there are a number of factors that can influence the composition and resultant quality of the base wine, unaged and wood matured distillates. These factors include geographic and climatic features of the origin of grapes used, viticultural practices, grape maturity, grape variety, vintage variation, vinification techniques, storage of the base wine prior to distillation, distillation technique, age and origin of oak wood used for maturation and barrel toasting levels. The composition of flavour is extremely complex in wine and distilled beverages such as brandy. A multitude of compounds can take part in the formation of flavour, and it is rare that a particular compound, that is solely responsible for nuances of a specific flavour, is identified. Thus, taking brandy production factors and the nature of aroma and flavour into account, it is clear that thorough understanding of the complexities affecting the perception of quality in brandy is difficult. In commercial brandy production, standard operating procedures do not allow for the separate distillation of brandy base wines from different producers and mixing of base wines from different regions and producers thus occurs. This makes it difficult to determine whether the quality determination of the base wine is in fact an indication of the quality of the resultant distillate after the required period of wood maturation. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine whether there is any merit in storing and distilling brandy base wines from different producers and regions separately. This was done by firstly determining the demographic and production factors that influence brandy base wine composition. Secondly, the influence of brandy base wine composition on the quality of the respective unaged potstill distillates as well as the ultimate style and quality of the threeyear old wood matured potstill distillates was determined. For this purpose, four potstills with a capacity of 2000 L each were isolated and used for commercial scale distillations of 33 and 25 brandy base wines in 1999 and 2000, respectively, at the DisteIl distillery in Worcester. The experimental outlay used in the study closely emulated Distell's standard operating procedures for commercial brandy production. Chenin blanc and Colombar are the two most popular grape varietals used in the making of brandy base wine in South Africa. Due to the complexity of the brandy production process, the first part of the study only focussed on South African young Chenin blanc wines, with a predominantly fermentation derived aroma. The concentration of iso-amyl acetate, hexyl acetate, ethyl caprylate, ethyl caprate, 2-phenethyl acetate and octanoic acid was significantly higher in wines awarded gold and silver medals and decreased significantly with subsequent decreases in quality categories. Ethyl lactate exhibited the opposite pattern. A quality predictor model based on the behaviour of 21 volatile compounds quantified in these wines had a resonable prediction accuracy when having to predict the quality of wines made in the same vintages as it had been trained on. It was significantly poorer when tested on a completely different vintage of wines to the ones it had been trained on. The number of vintages, number of wines per vintage and the number of compounds quantified for the model influence its prediction accuracy. Twenty-seven volatile compounds were quantified in 33 and 25 brandy base wines, their unaged and three year old distillates from 1999 and 2000, respectively. ANOVA and CART analysis showed that vintage, region, harvest time, choice of cultivar and yeast strain can have a significant influence on the volatile compound composition of brandy base wines, their unaged and three year old distillates. These factors as well as the volatile compound composition were also found to influence the sensory quality of these products. Base wines, unaged and three year old distillates originating from the De Dooms region, which predominantly cultivates table grapes, were of significantly lower quality than those from the remaining regions. Products made from grapes harvested early in the season were of significantly higher quality. The volatile aroma compound composition was found to differ significantly between the 1999 and 2000 base wines and distillates, irrespective of the exclusion of those samples that had undergone partial or complete malolactic fermentation. Consequently, quality indicating compounds may vary from vintage to vintage. The relationship between the quality of brandy base wines and the concentration of n-butanol, iso-amyl acetate, ethyl lactate, ethyl caprylate, octanoic- and decanoic acid was the same as that reported in young Chen in blanc wines in this study. In unaged distillates, increased levels of ethyl lactate also exert a negative influence on distillate quality. Iso-amyl acetate, hexyl acetate, ethyl caproate, ethyl caprylate, n-butanol, octanoic acid, ethyl caprate and decanoic acid showed some positive correlation, whilst iso-butanol, ethyl lactate, acetic acid, acetaldehyde and ethyl acetate showed a significant negative correlation to three-year old distillate quality. Sensory descriptive analysis on selected good, average and poor quality distillates using the South African brandy aroma wheel showed that there are small differences in profile between the good and average distillates, there were however significant differences between the good and poor quality distillate profiles throughout maturation. After three years of wood maturation, the aroma profile of poor quality distillates can be characterised by prominent herbaceous and woody aromas, which are more intense than the fruity aromas. Good quality distillates contained characteristically intense fruity aromas. Volatile compound concentration differences were noted during the course of and after three years of wood maturation and in barrels of varying ages. Distillates matured in new block barrels exhibited significant differences in volatile and wood compound composition after three years when compared to remaining barrels used. The style classification of the three-year old potstill distillate was influenced by demographic and production factors and volatile compound composition, but not by the sensory quality of the distillates. In summary, vintage, region, cultivar, harvest time and choice of yeast strain have a significant influence on the volatile composition of brandy base wines, their unaged and three year old potstill distillates, which in turn affects the sensory quality of these products. These effects cannot be viewed in isolation as they jointly exert an influence on the composition and quality of these products. From a commercial perspective, this study has provided a valuable indication as to which production and demographic factors can influence the quality and style of potstill brandy. Thus, future brandy base wine intake should, as far as possible, take place in such a manner to allow base wines originating from the same cultivar or region or harvest time or combination thereof (and to a lesser extent yeast strain) to be received simultaneously at the distillery for distillation.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Brandewyn produksie is 'n veelvoudige proses wat die volgende insluit: pars van druiwe, basiswyn fermentasie, verstoking, houtveroudering en versnyding. Binne hierdie stappe is verskeie faktore wat 'n invloed op die samestelling en resultate van die basiswyn, onverouderde en verouderde distillaat kan hê. Hierdie faktore sluit die volgende in: geografiese ligging, klimaat toestande van die streek van herkoms, wingerdboupraktyke, graad van rypheid, druifvarieteit, wynoes variasie, wynbou tegnieke, opberging van basiswyn voor distillasie, distillasie tegnieke, ouderdom en oorsprong van akkerhout vir die veroudering, asook tot watter mate die vat gerooster is. Die samestelling van geur in wyn en gedistilleerde produkte soos brandewyn is uiters kompleks. 'n Menigte samestellings kan deel vorm van die inhoud van die geur, en dit is raar dat 'n bepaalde verbinding alleenlik verantwoordelik is vir 'n kenmerkende geur. Weens die verskeidenheid van produksie faktore, aroma en smaak is volledige kennis van brandewyn ingewikkeld en kompliseerd om te verstaan. In kommersiële brandewynproduksie, maak standaard werksprosedures nie voorsiening vir aparte distillasie van basiswyn van verskillende produsente nie, en die vermenging van basiswyn van verskillende streke en produsente kom voor. Dit maak dit moeilik om te bepaal of die kwaliteit van die basiswyn of die distillaat na die neergelegde periode van houtveroudering, in werklikheid 'n beslissende indikasie op die kwaliteit van die verouderde produk is. Daarom is een van die doele van hierdie studie om te bepaal of daar meriete in is om brandewyn basiswyn van die verskillende produsente en streke apart te berg en te verstook. Dit is gedoen deur eerstens, die effek van demografiese en produksie faktore op die samestelling van brandewyn basiswyn te bepaal. Daarna, om die invloed van brandewyn basiswynsamestelling op die kwaliteit van onderskeidelik die onverouderde distillate sowel as die uiteindelike styl en kwaliteit van die 3 jaar oue houtverouderde potketel distillate, te bepaal. Vir hierdie doel, is vier potketels met 'n kapasiteit van 2000 liters elk geïsoleer en vir kommersiële skaal distillasies van 33 en 25 brandewyn basiswyne in 1999 en 2000, ondeskeidelik, by DisteIl Distillerdery, Worcester verstook. Die eksperimentele uitleg wat in hierdie studie gebruik is, ewenaar DisteIl se standaard verstokingsprosedures vir kommersiële brandewynproduksie. Chenin blanc en Colombar is die twee mees populêre druifvarieteite vir die maak van brandewyn basiswyn in Suid-Afrika. As gevolg van die kompleksiteit van die brandewyn produksieproses, is die eerste gedeelte van die studie gefokus op die Suid-Afrikaanse jong Chenin blanc wyne, met 'n oorheersende fermentasie geur. Die konsentrasie van iso-amyl asetaat, heksiel asetaat, etiel kaprilaat, etiel kapraat, 2-phenetiel asetaat en oktanoë suur was aansienlik hoër in wyne wat met goud en silwer medaljes bekroon is en neem aansienlik af met afname in kwaliteit kategorieë. Etiel laktaat vertoon die teenoorgestelde patroon. 'n Kwaliteit voorspellersmodel, gebaseer op die gedrag van 21 vlugtige komponente was opgestel. Die model het redelike akkuraatheid getoon op wyne van dieselfde oesjaar as waarop oorspronklik opgelei. Die model se voorspellingsakkuraatheid was aansienlik swakker toe dit vergelyk getoets is met wyne van 'n nuwe oesjaar. Die hoeveelheid oesjare, hoeveelheid wyne per oesjaar en die hoeveelheid verbindings gebruik in hierdie model sal die voorspellingsakkuraatheid beïnvloed. Sewe-en-twintig vlugtige komponente was gekwantifiseer in 33 en 25 brandewyn basiswyne, die onverouderde en 3 jaar oue distillate vanaf 1999 en 2000, onderskeidelik. Variasie ontledings (ANOVA) en klassifikasie en regressie ontledings (CART) ontledings wys dat oesjaar, streek, parstyd, keuse van kultivar en gisrasse In aansienlike invloed op die vlugtige samestelling van brandewyn basiswyne asook hul onverouderde en 3 jaar distillate het. Hierdie faktore, sowel as die vlugtige verbinding samestellings, beinvloed ook bevind die sensoriese kwaliteit van hierdie produkte. Basiswyne, onverouderde en 3 jaar oue distillate wat vanuit die De Doorns streek, wat hoofsaaklik tafeldruif kultivars is, is van In swakker kwaliteit as die ander streke. Produkte wat gemaak is van druiwe wat vroeg in die seisoen gepars is, was van beter kwaliteit. Die vlugtige geurkomponentsamestellings het tussen die basiswyne en distillate van die 1999 en 2000 oesjare verskil, ongeag of party van die monsters gedeeltelike of volledige appelmelksuurgisting ondergaan het. Gevolglik, die konsentrasie van kwaliteitaanwysende komponente mag van seisoen tot seisoen verskil. Die verhouding tussen die kwaliteit van die brandewyn basiswyne en die konsentrasie van n-butanol, iso-amiel asetaat, etiel laktaat, etiel kaprilaat, oktanoë- en dekanoë suur was dieselfde soos gerapporteer oor die jong Chenin blanc wyne. In onverouderde distillate, het verhoogde vlakke van etiel laktaat In negatiewe invloed op distillaat kwaliteit veroorsaak. Iso-amiel asetaat, heksiel asetaat, etiel kaproaat, etiel kaprilaat, n-butanol, oktanoë suur, etiel kapraat en dekanoë suur In positiewe korrelasie, terwyl iso-butanol, etiel laktaat, asynsuur, asetaldehied en etiel asetaat betekenisvolle negatiewe korrelasie met 3jaar oue distillaat kwaliteit bewys. Beskrywende sensoriewe analises op geselekteerde, middelmatige en swak kwaliteit distillate (gedoen deur gebruik making van die Suid-Afrikaanse Brandewyn Aromawiel) wys dat daar klein verskille tussen die profiele van goeie en middelmatige distillate is. Daar is egter aansienlike verskille tussen goeie en swak kwaliteit distillataat profiele regdeur die drie jaar verouderingsperiode. Na 3 jaar van houtveroudering kan die geur profiel van swak kwaliteit distillate uitgeken word aan kruid- en houtagtige geure, wat meer intens as die vrugagtige geure is. Goeie kwaliteit distillate het intense vrugagtige-aroma eienskappe. Vlugtige verbinding konsentrasie verskille is waargeneem gedurende en na die 3jaar houtverouderingsperiode in vate wat van ouderdomme verskil. Distillate wat in nuwe blokkies vate verouder is, vertoon aansienlike verskille in vlugtige en houtkomponent samestellings na 3 jaar wanneer dit met die, wat in die oorblywende ouer vate verouder is, vergelyk word. Die styl klassifikasie van die 3 jaar oue potketeldistillaat was deur demografiese en produksie faktore sowel as vlugtige verbinding samestellings beïnvloed, maar nie met die sensoriese kwaliteit van die distillate nie. In opsomming, oesjaar, streek, kultivar, parstyd en keuse van gisrasse het 'n aansienlike invloed op die vlugtige komponent samestelling van die brandewyn basiswyne, onverouderde en 3 jaar oue potketel distillate, wat weer op hul beurt die sensoriese kwaliteit van die onderskeidelike produkte beïnvloed. Die effek van hierdie faktore kan nie in isolasie gemeet word nie, aangesien dit gesamentlik die kwaliteit van die produkte beïnvloed. Van 'n kommersiële perspektief het hierdie studie 'n waardevolle indikasie gelewer van hoe produksie en demografiese faktore die kwaliteit en styl van potketelbrandewyn kan beïnvloed. Daarom word voorgestel dat toekomstige brandewyn basiswyn innames, sover as moontlik, voorsiening moet maak om wyne van dieselfde kultivar, uit dieselfde streek, parsseisoen inaggeneem, of kombinasie daarvan, met 'n mindermate die gisrasse in aanmerking geneem, gelyktydig vir verstoking by die distilleerderye ontvang word sodat hierdie wyne apart van wyne met ander bogenoemde variasies verstook en verouder kan word.
Finet, Laurane. "Stabilité en composition et en température des phases η et δ dans les superalliages base nickel." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEM062.
Full textThe use of polycrystalline nickel base superalloys for turbine discs application is limited to temperatures less than 700 °C because of the loss of the stability of the γ’ and γ’’ phases precipitate distributions at higher temperature. These phases could be partially replaced by other hardening phases known to be potentially stable at temperatures higher than 800 °C, like δ-Ni3Nb, δ-Ni3Ta, η-Ni3Ti or η-Ni3(Al,Nb). However, the crystallographic structure, the composition and the thermodynamic stability of these different phases are not well known. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to determine the composition and temperature stability domains of η and δ phases. Simplified compositions of nickel base superalloys with high Nb and Ta contents (> 4 at. %), inspired from literature data and thermodynamic calculations (Thermo-Calc+TCNI7), were produced by VIM. After homogenization and ageing treatments, the alloys were characterized by SEM and TEM to define the various precipitate morphologies and distributions and to determine the crystallographic structure of the different phases, their composition and their solvus temperature. Synchrotron high energy XRD, with in situ heating, was performed in order to follow the evolution of phase volume fractions in some alloys. First, the influence of the alloy composition on the crystallographic structure and the composition of η and δ phases is studied, and these results allow us to refine the composition criteria for the formation of η and δ phases. And secondly, the effect of the alloy composition on the temperature stability of η and δ phases and their precipitation kinetics are discussed. The experimental results are compared to the thermodynamic calculations and some large inconsistencies are highlighted for alloys with high Nb and Ta contents
Lesnik, Thierry. "Exploitation d'une base de donnees d'escherichia coli : analyse de la composition des genes et leur traduction." Paris 11, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA112475.
Full textMontero, Serrano Jean Carlos. "Sedimentary and paleoclimate dynamics of the Gulf of Mexico during the last glacial cycle." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10059/document.
Full textThe objectives of this thesis are to study the sedimentary features of some basins of the Gulf of Mexico (Pigmy and La Salle basins) in order to reconstitute the variability of the detrital input via the Mississippi River during the last climatic cycle. An integrated approach coupling mineralogy, granulometry, and geochemistry (inorganic and organic), within a precise chronostratigraphic framework, allows to progress in the understanding of the relations between the mid- and high-latitude climatic mechanisms and the subtropical hydrology, as well as to propose synoptic models of the ocean-atmosphere coupling. The contrasting mineralogy of the zones drained by the catchment system of the Mississippi River watershed allows constraining the continental zones which will successively feed the sedimentation of the Gulf of Mexico. The modifications of the detrital sources revealed for the last climatic cycle enabled (1) to track down the localization of the zones of destabilization of the southern margin of the Laurentide Ice Sheet and the sequence of sedimentary processes during the freshwater discharges, which characterized the last deglaciation, (2) to highlight modifications of the precipitation front which were associated with episodes of large Mississippi River floods during interglacial times, and therefore, to deduce information on the hydrological regime, and (3) to suggest schematic models of meridian transfer of moisture contrasted during interglacial stages 1 and 5e, suggesting an appreciable difference in the atmospheric configurations. The confrontation of these results with other paleoclimatic records allowed to propose simple models of the atmosphere-ocean-continent interactions recorded in the Gulf of Mexico, which are based on the modifications of both the atmospheric configurations (Jet Stream and ITCZ) and oceanic (extension of Atlantic Warm Pool). These models confirm the major role of the atmosphere as a vector of rapid climatic variability
Abdou, Bouba Armand. "Contribution à l’étude du développement d’un aliment fonctionnel à base d’épices du Cameroun : caractérisation physico-chimique et fonctionnelle." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPL006N/document.
Full textIncreasing evidences from current research point to the fact that certain disease conditions can be prevented through the consumption of antioxidant rich foods. The present work was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant potentials of twenty Cameroonian spices commonly used in some Cameroonian cuisine. The nutritional properties of spices, the in vitro antioxidant potential of their methanolic extracts as well as the in vivo antioxidant potential of the methanolic extracts of some selected samples were determined. The antioxidant activity brought about by N’ N-diphenyl-N’-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), «trolox antioxidant equivalent capacity» (TEAC) and the total reduction power (PRT) methods have revealed that Z. leprieurii and D. glomerata presented the highest activities. The extracts of the two spices were used to prepare a mixture whose effect was tested on male rats with induced inflammation. The results obtained indicate that the individual spices and their mixture at 100 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg present an important anti-inflammatory activity comparable to that of commercial anti-inflammatory like indomethacin, dexamethasone and celecoxib. The variation of malondialdehyde content (a lipidic oxidant marquer) revealed the in vivo antioxidant action of extracts, thus demonstrating their potential for the development of functional foods with anti-stress effect
Carvalho, Guilherme Mendes de Almeida. "Karyogram, genome size and AT/CG base composition in eucalypts (Eucalyptus spp.) by cytogenetic and flow cytometry." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2016. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/20098.
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O gênero Eucalyptus é um grupo extremamente bem sucedido de plantas arbóreas, compreendendo mais 700 espécies. Além de sua importância em regiões endêmicas como a Austrália, o eucalipto é importante na economia global devido a sua alta taxa de crescimento, adaptabilidade a várias condições ecológicas (elevação, clima e solo) e uso variado (matéria prima, carvão, fibra, polpa e papel). O estudo do genoma contribui para o entendimento de aspectos evolutivos e outros aspectos biológicos básicos do grupo. O entendimento da natureza de um genoma requer informação sobre o conteúdo de DNA e deveria ser considerada crucial em qualquer programa de análise genômica comparativa. O presente estudo determinou e reavaliou o tamanho do genoma e a composição de bases de 25 espécies de Eucalyptus. Além disso, o estudo comparou cariogramas de diferentes espécies, por citogenética clássica e molecular, em busca de possíveis alterações ou regiões não homólogas nos cromossomos de espécies que apresentavam maior diferença no conteúdo de DNA nuclear. No primeiro artigo, foi desenvolvido um protocolo citogenético para a obtenção de cromossomos com uma melhor resolução longitudinal. Assim, foi possível a montagem do cariograma de E. citriodora com 2n = 22 cromossomos. No segundo artigo, o valor 2C e a relação AT/CG foram estimados para as 25 espécies de Eucalyptus. A partir dos valores do tamanho do genoma os quais variaram entre 2C = 0,91 pg e 2C = 1,37 pg, foi feita uma análise comparativa do cariograma de quatro espécies e nenhuma diferença foi identificada. Em uma abordagem citomolecular, com o uso da hibridização in situ do genoma nenhuma região de não homologia cromossômica foi discriminada entre as espécies E. baileyana (1,36 pg) e E. citriodora (1,01 pg). Os resultados alcançados no presente trabalho corroboram para considerar pequenas alterações do conteúdo de DNA dispersas no genoma, possivelmente provenientes da atividade de elementos transponíveis, como a principal causa da variação do tamanho do genoma em Eucalyptus.
The genus Eucalyptus represents an extremely successful group of woody plants covering more than 700 species. Besides its importance in the Australian environment, eucalypts are important in the global economy due to their high growth rates, adaptability to various ecological conditions (e.g. elevation, climates, soils) and multiple uses (e.g. raw material, energy wood, timber, pulp and paper). The study of genome contributes to understanding evolutionary aspects of the group and others basic biological processes. A basic understanding of the nature of a given genome requires information regarding the amount of DNA and it should be considered a crucial aspect of any truly comprehensive program of comparative genomic analysis. The present study determinate, as well as revaluate, the size and genomic base composition of 25 Eucalyptus species. Furthermore, this study compared karyotypes of different species by classical and molecular cytogenetic looking for possible chromosomal alterations or chromosomal non-homologous regions correlated with the genome size variation among the species. In the first paper, a cytogenetic protocol was developed to obtain of chromosomes with improved longitudinal resolution. Thus, E. citriodora karyogram was assembly confirming a karyotype with 2n = 22 chromosomes. In the second paper 2C value and base composition were measured for 25 Eucalyptus species. From the genome size differences that range from 2C = 0.91 pg to 2C = 1.37 pg comparative karyological analysis were conducted and no remarkable differences were indentified. In a molecular cytogenetic approach, a genome in situ hybridization experiment was performed and it was not possible discriminate any non- homologous chromosomal regions, between E. baileyana (1.36 pg) and E. citriodora (1.01 pg). The results achieve in the present work corroborate to considerate small and dispersed DNA content changes, possible due transposable elements activity, as the mainly cause of genome size variation in Eucalyptus.
O autor escreveu a tese toda em inglês, por isso o título ficou no mesmo idioma.
Bock, Wolfgang, Jürgen Braun, and Tobias Schürrmann. "Hydraulic fluids with new, modern base oils – structure and composition, difference to conventional hydraulic fluids; experience in the field." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-199487.
Full textBen, Jamaa Néjib. "Les peridotites de bay-of-islands (terre neuve) et de cap ortegal (espagne) : approche petro-structurale." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA077010.
Full textBouteiller, Paul. "Etude expérimentale de cycles de pompe à chaleur utilisant des mélanges à base de CO2." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CNAM1089/document.
Full textThe aim of this work is to experiment CO2 based mixtures as working fluids for heat pump applications in buildings, in order to enhance their performances compared to pure CO2 dual services heat pumps. Since adding other chemicals to CO2 moves the critical point and generally equilibrium lines, it is expected that lower operating pressures as well as higher global efficiencies can be reached. A simple stage pure CO2 cycle is used as reference, with fixed external conditions. Two scenarios are considered: water is heated from 10 °C to 65 °C for Domestic Hot Water (DHW) scenario and from 30 °C to 35 °C for Central Heating (CH) scenario. In both cases, water at the evaporator inlet is set at 7 °C to account for such outdoor temperature conditions. In order to understand the dynamic behaviour of thermodynamic cycles with mixtures, it is essential to measure the fluid circulating composition. To this end, we have developed a non intrusive method. Online optical flow cells allow the recording of infrared spectra by means of a Fourier Transform Infra Red spectrometer. A careful calibration is performed by measuring a statistically significant number of spectra for samples of known composition. Then, a statistical model is constructed to relate spectra to compositions. After calibration, compositions are obtained by recording the spectrum in few seconds, thus allowing for a dynamic analysis. Mixtures of CO2 & propane and CO2 & R-1234yf have been tested and showed great potential on enhancing performances of the heat pump for central heating applications
Bayle, Alpin Marie-Laure. "Effet de l'exercice sur les concentrations d'androgènes chez la jeune femme : analyse de traces dans les urines : mise au point d'une phase d'extraction à base d'empreinte moléculaire." Lyon 1, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/37/09/44/PDF/these_version_DEFINITIVE.pdf.
Full textThe illegal consumption of nandrolone is determined by the detection of its metabolites, norandosterone and noretiocholanolone, in urine samples. A three-extraction-step method followed by GC-MS analysis was developed in order to assess the influence of physical exercise on their endogen concentrations, as well as on the steroids dehydroepiandrosterone and androsterone, in female urine samples. Data collected from 400 urines were corrected with the creatinine level of the samples, representative of urine dilution, and statistically evaluated. Only a moderate influence of long term exercise on androsterone levels was shown, and no effect on nandrolone metabolites was demonstrated. Hormonal status was also investigated by the evaluation of oral contraceptive intake and menstrual cycle phase effects on the analyte concentrations. A new stationary phase, based on molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP), was synthesised to improve the selectivity of nandrolone metabolite extractions. Non covalent interactions were established between the MIP and androsterone, the template molecule. Theses interactions were used to adsorb nandrolone metabolites and extract them from the sample during percolation on solid phase extraction cartridge. Specific adsorption was observed with the use of an appropriate solvent and the results show the potential for the trace analysis of these metabolites in anti-doping testing
Lespy-Labaylette, Philippe. "Recherches sur les polyamines des baies de raisin au cours de leur développement et des pépins au cours de leur germination." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR20242.
Full textCissé, Papa Alioune. "Simulation à base d'agents de la propagation de la Schistosomiase : une approche de composition et de déploiement de modèles." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066567/document.
Full textOur thesis work focuses on agent-based modeling and simulation of complex systems, applied to the spread of schistosomiasis. Specially, we were interested in the spatial and social aspects of the spread of the disease, using an agent-based coupling approach of models.Indeed, we initially studied the mathematical modeling of schistosomiasis and the complexity of its propagation, which allowed us to identify two epidemiological dynamics (spatial and social dynamics) underlying the spread of schistosomiasis for which mathematical models have limits. This problematic led us to study separately these two dynamics and propose an agent-based model for each. These two agent-based models, representing two complementary dynamics of a system, were implemented according different formalisms and different platforms: one model on GAMA (an agent-based simulation platform); and another on JASON (a programming platform of BDI agents). The GAMA model implements the behavioral aspect (for the spatial dynamic) that focuses on individuals reactivity with regards to the physical environment, and the monitoring of the infection. The JASON model implements the decisional aspect (for the social dynamic) that introduces the cognitive and mental dimension of individuals, ensuring their decision and selection capacities which are determined by their social, cultural and economic environment. To ensure the composition of the two models, we proposed an agent-based coupling solution (co-simulation) of the two platforms (GAMA and JASON). We finally experienced the model with a case of dynamic spread of the disease in Niamey (Niger) for which data were available
Nowak, Sophie. "Effet de la composition et de la technique d'élaboration sur le comportement mécanique des verres metalliques base zirconium." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00505264.
Full textArnaud, Nicole. "Composition minérale des baies de raisins frontonnais : influence des cépages, des porte-greffes, du sol et du climat." Toulouse 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU32123.
Full textGaal, Brian. "Development of a Coating Formulation Procedure for Ni-base Shielded Metal Arc Electrodes with Varying Core Wire Composition." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1354481846.
Full textLiu, Pinhe. "Impacts de la maturité du raisin et du fractionnement au pressage des jus sur la composition des moûts et des vins blancs - Relation avec les propriétés moussantes des vins de base de Champagne." Thesis, Reims, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REIMS045/document.
Full textFoam is a major sensory characteristic of sparkling wines. As part of better controlling the foaming properties of Champagne wines, the goal of this work is to better understand the impact of grape maturity and press fractioning on the composition of grape juices and base wines, especially on the proteins, and their relationships with wines’ foamability.During the maturation of healthy grapes (Chardonnay and Pinot Noir of two vintages), the oenological characteristics of musts evolve in a TAP range from 4% to 11% vol. An increase in protein content was also showed during the ripening of grape berries. In addition, for the grapes harvested at ‘industrial maturity’, essential changes in the biochemical composition of musts were observed with a TAP between 8% and 11% vol.The study of grape maturity that performed on Chardonnay and Pinot Meunier grapes of three vintages, showed that riper and healthy grapes could give their corresponding base wines with higher total protein contents, and better foamability than those wines made from less ripen grapes. Statistical analyses showed significant positive correlations between different oenological characteristics of musts and base wines and, for the first time, a correlation between foamability and protein content of wines, in relation to grape maturity, has been shown. Except for the grape maturity, the protein content and the foamability of Champagne base wines could be strongly influenced, in the concept of ‘Terroir’, by the pair grape variety/vineyard and the climate of the vintage.The study of the press fractioning of grape juices, carried out on Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, Pinot Meunier of five vintages, showed a general evolution of the characteristics in musts and wines, during the pressing cycle that realized on industrial and laboratory scale. The composition of musts and their corresponding wines could be strongly influenced by the variability of vineyards, grape maturity, vintage and the health condition of grapes, but hardly affected by the scale and the type of press. Those sources of variability could lead to differences in protein content and foaming properties for Champagne base wines
Pham, Quynh trang. "Transferts de chaleur et de masse dans un bain liquide avec fusion de la paroi et effets de composition." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00961183.
Full textBurtin, Bernard. "Etude du rôle de la composition ionique de l'eau dans la régulation de l'état acide-base extracellulaire chez l'écrevisse." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375964834.
Full textPham, Quynh Trang. "Transferts de chaleur et de masse dans un bain liquide avec fusion de la paroi et effets de composition." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENI007/document.
Full textThis work deals with the thermal-hydraulics of a melt pool coupled with the physical chemistry for thepurpose of describing the behaviour of mixtures of materials (non-eutectic).Evolution of transient temperature in a liquid melt pool heated by volumetric power dissipation hasbeen described with solidification on the cooled wall. The model has been developed and is validatedfor the experimental results given by LIVE experiment, performed at Karlsruhe Institute ofTechnology (KIT) in Germany. Under the conditions of these tests, it is shown that the interfacetemperature follows the liquidus temperature (corresponding to the composition of the liquid bath)during the whole transient. Assumption of interface temperature as liquidus temperature allowsrecalculating the evolution of the maximum melt temperature as well as the local crust thickness.Furthermore, we propose a model for describing the interaction between a non-eutectic liquid meltpool (subjected to volumetric power dissipation) and an ablated wall whose melting point is below theliquidus temperature of the melt. The model predictions are compared with results of ARTEMIS 2Dtests. A new formulation of the interface temperature between the liquid melt and the solid wall(below liquidus temperature) has been proposed