To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Composition orale.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Composition orale'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Composition orale.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Duvert, Frédéric. "Composition sémantique pour la langue orale." Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00609520.
Full textAbstract:
La thèse présentée ici a pour but de proposer des systèmes de détection, de composition de constituants sémantiques et d'interprétation dans la compréhension de la langue naturelle parlée. Cette compréhension se base sur un système de reconnaissance automatique de la parole qui traduit les signaux oraux en énoncés utilisables par la machine. Le signal de la parole, ainsi transcrit, comporte un ensemble d'erreurs liées aux erreurs de reconnaissance (bruits, parasites, mauvaise prononciation...). L'interprétation de cet énoncé est d'autant plus difficile qu'il est issu d'un discours parlé, soumis à la disfluence du discours, aux auto-corrections... L'énoncé est de plus agrammatical, car le discours parlé lui-même est agrammatical. L'application de méthodes d'analyses grammaticales ne produit pas de bons résultats d'interprétation, sur des textes issus de transcriptions de la parole. L'utilisation de méthodes d'analyses syntaxiques profondes est à éviter. De ce fait, une analyse superficielle est envisagée. Un des premiers objectifs est de proposer une représentation du sens. Il s'agit de considérer des ontologies afin de conceptualiser le monde que l'on décrit. On peut exprimer les composants sémantiques en logique du premier ordre avec des prédicats. Dans les travaux décrits ici, nous représentons les éléments sémantiques par des frames (FrameNet ). Les structures de frames sont hiérarchisées, et sont des fragments de connaissances auxquels on peut insérer, fusionner ou inférer d'autres fragments de connaissances. Les structures de frames sont dérivables en formules logiques. Nous proposons un système de compréhension de la parole à partir de règles logiques avec le support d'une ontologie, afin de pouvoir créer des liens à partir de composants sémantiques. Puis, nous avons mené une étude sur la découverte des supports syntaxiques des relations sémantiques. Nous proposons une expérience de composition sémantique afin d'enrichir les composants sémantiques de base. Enfin, nous présentons un système de détection de lambda-expression pour mettre en hypothèse les relations à trouver à travers le discours
2
Covarrubias, Acosta Sabina. "Pour une écriture multimédia dans la composition musicale." Thesis, Paris 8, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA080116/document.
Full textAbstract:
Ce travail a pour but principal de répondre à certaines difficultés de notation rencontrées par les compositeurs. Dans un premier temps, nous nous se proposons de montrer les limites du système d’écriture musicale occidentale (SEMO) dans la notation de certains éléments de la musique et, dans un deuxième temps, de montrer les avantages qu’offre l’utilisation de l’écriture multimédia (EM). Les résultats de ce travail, obtenus à partir de six « expériences-projets de composition », montrent l’efficacité de l’EM : un ensemble de procédés qui permettent l'utilisation simultanée de plusieurs modes de représentation de l'information (tels que textes, sons, images fixes ou animées, entre autres), servant à noter un message afin de pouvoir le conserver et le transmettre du compositeur à l’interprète. Dans le cadre de la composition musicale, l’EM, telle que nous l’avons employée ici, s’est montrée efficace pour noter les éléments suivants : le timbre, des nouveaux modes de jeu, des nouvelles techniques vocales, des instructions pour l’emploi des logiciels ; et aussi l’EM s’est montrée efficace pour l’intégration des éléments suivants dans les œuvres de musique mixte : le jeu d’un musicien de tradition orale, des modes de jeu tirés des musiques de tradition orale et exécutés par un musicien de tradition écrite, une langue tonale (et l’expressivité liée aux genres de musique de tradition orale dans les œuvres écrites. À l’ensemble de notations multimédia déjà existantes et disponibles pour la composition musicale, nous ajoutons deux types de notation qui se sont révélés efficaces dans cette recherche : la notation auditive et la notation d’un savoir-faire au moyen de la vidéo<br>The main goal of this work is to solve some of the difficulties that composers encounter when notating music. Firstly, we describe how the Western musical notation (WMN) is limited when attempting to write specific musical elements. Secondly, we show the possible advantages that multimedia writing (MW) could offer on the notation of such elements. To address these issues, we used MW in six “experiments/composition projects” that were conceived to answer specific notation questions. The results obtained thereof allowed us to demonstrate the efficacy of MW for overcoming current limitations in music notation. More specifically, MW constitutes a group of procedures that allows to simultaneously represent information in different ways. This information could be either text, sounds, still or moving images, among others. Such procedures can be used to note down a message to further save it and transfer it from the composer to the performer. In the context of our experimental paradigms, MW has proven to be efficient for: the notation of timber, the integration of musicians from oral tradition in mixed music works, the incorporation of instrumental techniques drawn from oral tradition music into written music, the integration of a tonal language in a music score, the notation of new instrumental and vocal techniques, the guidance at using new software, and the incorporation of expressiveness associated to music styles of oral tradition into written works. We consider that two types of notation that proved to be efficient in this research could be added to the body of already existing MW, namely auditive notation and the notation of a know-how by the means of video
3
Repoux, Marie. "Rôle des caractéristiques de l'aliment (composition, texture,) et de l'individu (flux salivaire, mastication…) sur la libération des composés d'arôme et ébauche du lien libération - perception." Thesis, Dijon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012DIJOS115/document.
Full textAbstract:
La perception aromatique d’un aliment résulte de l’intégration par le cerveau d’un ensemble complexe de stimuli (texture, saveurs, arômes) qui évoluent au cours de la consommation. Elle nécessite, entre autre, la stimulation des récepteurs olfactifs, par les composés d’arôme contenus dans les aliments qui sont libérés lors de la déstructuration de l’aliment en bouche. Dans ce contexte de compréhension de la perception aromatique, ce travail de thèse avait pour objectif de mieux comprendre les mécanismes régissant la libération des composés d’arôme. Il visait plus précisément à mieux comprendre de quelle manière les caractéristiques des aliments et celles du sujet interviennent et interagissent lors du process de déstructuration en bouche de l’aliment et comment elles affectent la libération des composés d’arôme. Pour cela, ce travail de thèse s’est organisé selon trois étapes : 1- développer une gamme de 6 produits fromagers variant en texture et en teneur en matière grasse mais avec une même composition aromatique, 2- sélectionner 50 sujets caractérisés physiologiquement (flux salivaires, efficacité masticatoire,…); 3- mesurer et analyser la libération des composés d’arôme lors de la consommation par les 50 sujets sélectionnés des 6 produits développés. Simultanément le processus de transformation en bouche (« food oral processing ») a été suivi par des mesures de l’activité masticatoire, de la rhéologie du bol alimentaire ainsi que du taux de salive incorporée juste avant déglutition et du tapissage en bouche après déglutition. Ce travail met en évidence le rôle majeur de la fermeté et de la teneur en matière grasse de l’aliment qui influencent davantage la libération des composés d’arôme que les caractéristiques physiologiques des individus. Il montre également que le rôle respectif de ces caractéristiques de l’aliment est fonction de la nature des composés d’arôme. Les caractéristiques physiologiques mises en jeu lors du « food oral processing » influencent la libération de manière directe et au travers de la déstructuration de l’aliment en fonction de sa composition et sa texture. De plus, l’étude de la variabilité inter individuelle en termes de quantités de composés d’arôme libérée a permis d’établir l’existence de faibles et forts libérateurs<br>Pas de résumé en anglais
4
Bouhadiba, Feriel. "Du dire musical comme expression de l'être : culturalité et subjectivité compositionnelles : neuroesthétique, poïétique et sémiotique des musiques modales arabo-musulmanes de tradition orale." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010561.
Full textAbstract:
Sur le fil invisible reliant la temporalité tridimensionnelle de l'ancestral, du présent et du devenir, se profilent les pas du compositeur. Parcours individuel, traversée sociale, épopée humaine, l'acte créatif émane des profondeurs du ressenti de l'être et des profondeurs de la collectivité sociale. Notre recherche se veut un voyage en vue d'une reconstitution du parcours du dire musical en tant qu'expression de l'être impliquant culturalité et subjectivité compositionnelles et aboutissant à l'œuvre musicale en tant qu'entité-signe. En consacrant notre réflexion aux musiques modales arabo-musulmanes de tradition orale, nous développerons dans ce cadre une théorie des strates englobant le processus compositionnel dans sa totalité en le considérant comme un processus préparé par une phase pré-œuvre, élaboré en une phase poïétique et aboutissant à l'émergence d'une entité-signe porteuse de sens. La phase pré-œuvre met à contribution les strates profondes, à savoir la strate psychoperceptive empreinte des composantes immatérielles du ressenti modal, la strate neuroesthétique impliquant les prédispositions génétiques et l'impact du milieu culturel pour une imprégnation modale et la strate d'appropriation du mode d'expression propre au langage modal. La phase poïétique s'articule ensuite autour de l'évolution des strates d'influence constituées d'une strate des facteurs motivationnels, d'une strate permettant l'acheminement vers une amorce de l'œuvre et d'une strate de transduction aboutissant à l'œuvre. Après l'étude de la phase pré-œuvre et de la phase poïétique, nous entreprendrons une analyse sémiotique de l'œuvre en tant qu'entité-signe porteuse d'une mosaïque de sens<br>On the invisible thread connecting the three-dimensional temporality of the ancestral, the present and the becoming, the figure of the composer looms large. At once an individual trajectory, a social crossing, a human epic, the creative act emanates from the depths of the being and from those of the social community. This research aims to be like a journey where we seek to reconstitute the path of musical telling as an expression of the being, involving both the cultural and subjective dimensions of composition, and leading to the musical work as a sign-entity. In this framework, by devoting our reflection to Arab-Muslim modal music of the oral tradition, a theory of strata will be developed to include the totality of the compositional process considered as a process prepared by a pre-work phase, elaborated into a poietic phase and leading to the emergence of a meaningful sign-entity. The pre-work phase engages deep strata, namely the psychoperceptive stratum imprinted with the immaterial components of modal feeling, the neuroaesthetic stratum implying genetic predispositions and the importance of cultural environment for modal impregnation, and the stratum of the appropriation of the expressive mode specific to modal language. The poietic phase is then organised around the development of the affluence strata constituted by a stratum of motivational factors, a stratum enabling the progression towards the onset of a work and a transduction stratum leading to the work. After the study of the pre-work phase and the poietic phase, we undertake a semiotic analysis of the work as a sign-entity carrying a mosaic of meanings
5
Khelaifia, Saber. "Détection et culture des archaea associées aux muqueuses intestinale et orale humaines." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM5029.
Full textAbstract:
Les archaea constituent l'un des quatre domaines connus du vivant. Contrairement à ce que leur nom laisse supposer, elles ont colonisé tous les écosystèmes et les microbiotes de certains hôtes dont l'Homme. Chez l'homme, certaines espèces d'archaea méthanogènes ont été associées aux muqueuses orale, intestinale et vaginale. Ces archaea méthanogènes sont des procaryotes anaérobies stricts et leurs conditions de culture restent fastidieuses et très mal connues. Quatre archaea methanogènes seulement ont été isolées à partir de prélèvements humains y compris dans le microbiote digestif Methanobrevibacter smithii détectée dans 95,7% des individus, Methanosphaera stadtmanae retrouvée chez environ un tiers des individus et plus récemment dans notre laboratoire Methanomassilicoccus luminyensis détectée en moyenne chez 4% des individus avec une prévalence liée à l'âge ; et dans le microbiote orale Methanobrevibacter oralis isolée à partir de la plaque dentaire<br>Archaea is one of four known domains of life. Unlike what their name suggests, they some species of methanogenic archaea have been associated with oral, vaginal and intestinal mucosa. These methanogenic archaea are obligate anaerobic prokaryotes and their culture conditions are fastidious and very poorly known. Only four methanogenic archaea have been isolated from human samples including the digestive microbiota; Methanobrevibacter smithii detected in 95.7% of individuals Methanosphaera stadtmanae found in approximately one third of individuals and more recently in our laboratory Methanomassilicoccus luminyensis detected on average in 4% of individuals with a prevalence of age-related, and in the oral microbiota Methanobrevibacter oralis isolated from dental plaque
6
Willis, Jesse 1990. "Oral microbiome : composition, interactions and shaping factors." Doctoral thesis, TDX (Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa), 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672950.
Full textAbstract:
Microbiome studies have burgeoned in the last few decades, largely thanks to the innovations in high throughput sequencing, affording researchers the opportunity to categorize nearly the entirety of the microbial population in a particular habitat. The oral cavity has been shown to harbor one of the most diverse and unique segments of the human microbiome, and one that has important implications in health and disease, as well as various links to lifestyle habits. In this thesis, we analyzed nearly 3000 oral rinse samples using 16S rRNA gene sequencing from a citizen science project called “Saca La Lengua” (“Stick Out Your Tongue” in English). The study design allowed our team to travel to high schools and other locations all across Spain to collect samples, as well as to disseminate information about the project to the public and to gather their input on interesting ways to analyze the data. Here, we first describe trends in the oral microbiome among youths in relative health, including general stable conformations of its composition and associations with drinking water and lifestyle. Then we focus on the connections between the oral microbiome and a few relevant chronic disorders, including Down Syndrome and cystic fibrosis. Finally, we display trends in abundances of specific taxa and in the overall composition across age, we compare the relative impacts of important health and lifestyle factors, and we highlight the importance of shared environments in shaping the oral microbiome. Taken together, this thesis provides some of the first snapshots of the oral microbiome across the Spanish population, revealing significant connections with oral and systemic health, as well as a multitude of lifestyle factors, ultimately pointing to its inherent ecological tendencies.<br>En las últimas décadas se ha producido un aumento exponencial enel número de estudios sobre el microbioma humano. Este auge, debido en gran medida a los avances en las tecnologías de secuenciación masiva, ha permitido clasificar la mayoría de la población microbiana de cualquier muestra de microbioma. Estudios previos han demostrado que la cavidad oral alberga una de las partes más diversas y características del microbioma humano, han vinculado su composición con hábitos cotidianos y han revelado que tiene importantes implicaciones para la salud. En esta tesis, hemos analizado casi 3.000 muestras de la cavidad oral a través de la secuenciación del gen 16S ARN ribosómico, en un proyecto de ciencia ciudadana titulado “Saca La Lengua.” Primero, describimos las características generales del microbioma oral entre los jóvenes sanos, que presentan conformaciones estables en lo referente a su composición y establecemos asociaciones con la calidad del agua potable y estilo de vida. En segundo lugar, investigamos las conexiones entre el microbioma oral y algunas enfermedades crónicas, tales como el Síndrome de Down y fibrosis quística. Finalmente, examinamos cambios en las tendencias de la composición general y de las abundancias de particulares taxones con la edad, comparamos el impacto relativo de factores importantes para la salud y estilo de vida, y destacamos la importancia de entornos compartidos en la conformación del microbioma oral. En resumen, esta tesis proporciona por primera vez una visión global del microbioma oral de la población Española, revela conexiones significativas con la salud oral y la salud sistémica, y con una multitud de factores del estilo de vida, que en definitiva revelan tendencias ecológicas inherentes del microbioma.
7
Romani, Vestman Nelly. "Lactobacillus characterization and effects on oral biofilm composition." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för odontologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-82412.
Full textAbstract:
The human body is home for millions of bacteria. The largest microbial community is located in the gastro-intestinal (GI) tract, including the oral cavity with >700 identified taxa. Lactobacillus, which is normal inhabitant of the GI tract, contributes to health by possible biofilm and immune modulation. Breast milk is a claimed source for transmittance of Lactobacillus to infants’ GI tract, but there is limited information if breastfeeding affects lactobacilli in the oral cavity. The objectives of Papers I and II of this dissertation were to compare infant oral microbiota by feeding mode, and to characterize oral lactobacilli including potential probiotic properties of the dominant Lactobacillus species. Two cohorts with a total of 340 healthy 3- to 4-month-old infants were investigated. Saliva and oral mucosal swab samples were collected. Bacteria were characterized by culture-dependent and -independent methods, including 16S rRNA genes sequencing, quantitative PCR, and the Human Microbe Identification Microarray (HOMIM). Inhibition of growth and adhesion were also tested. Multivariate modeling of HOMIM-detected oral bacteria clustered breastfed infants separately from formula-fed infants, and linked breastfed infants to a more health-associated flora. Lactobacilli were essentially detected in breastfed infants only. Lactobacillus gasseri was most prevalent out of six identified Lactobacillus species. Infant isolates of L. gasseri bound to saliva gp340 and MUC7 and adhered to gingival epithelial cells. Infant isolates also inhibited adhesion of Streptococcus mutans to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite, and inhibited growth of S. mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, Actinomyces naeslundii, Actinomyces oris, Candida albicans and Fusobacterium nucleatum in a concentration-dependent fashion. Papers III and IV aimed to assess persistence of probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri, if persistence is necessary for a regrowth of mutans streptococci (MS), and if L. reuteri intake affects oral microbiota composition. Two well-documented L. reuteri strains (DSM 17938 and PTA 5289) were used in two double-blind, randomized controlled trials. In the first, 62 subjects (test=32, placebo=30) with high counts of MS were exposed to L. reuteri for 6 weeks. Exposure followed full-mouth disinfection with chlorhexidine. In the second study, 44 healthy subjects (test=22, placebo=22) consumed the L. reuteri for 12 weeks. Saliva and biofilm samples were collected before, during and up to 6 months after exposure. Analyses included culture, strain-specific PCR and 454-pyrosequencing targeting the hypervariable region V3-V4 of the 16S rRNA gene. L. reuteri test strains were detected in the mouth of approximately two thirds of test participants during intake. However, their presence decreased gradually when consumption stopped. Subjects with detectable L. reuteri had slower regrowth of MS compared to non-carriers. Pyrosequencing yielded a total of 812,547 high-quality sequencing reads. Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria and Actinobacteria were the major bacterial phyla recovered. Exposure to L. reuteri strains did not affect overall phylotype abundance, but multivariate modeling clustered 12-week-treated test subjects separately from those who received placebo. Exposure to the test strains was strongly associated with presence and increased levels of F. nucleatum and Streptococcus spp. In conclusion, the oral microbiota differed by feeding mode in infants. One third of breastfed infants had lactobacilli in the mouth, while only single formula-fed infant had it. L. gasseri, predominant in infants, displayed probiotic characteristics in vitro. Retention of probiotic L. reuteri was a prerequisite for delay of MS regrowth after disinfection. However, probiotic bacteria may not be beneficial for all, since L. reuteri DSM 17938 and PTA 5289 were retained in only 2 of 3 consumers. Finally, the altered microbiota after 12 weeks consumption of L. reuteri indicates that intake of probiotic bacteria, or at least L reuteri, has an impact on oral ecology. However, this finding needs further investigation.<br>Vår kropp består av fler mikroorganismer än egna celler. De miljontals bakterier som finns på ut - och insidan av kroppen är som regel harmlösa och vissa är till och med till nytta för oss. Magtarmkanalen, som startar med munnen, är den kroppsdel som härbärgerar flest bakterier. Till exempel har man bara i munnen identifierat totalt mer än 700 olika arter. En av dessa är Lactobacillus, en bakterieart som finns i normalfloran och som har probiotiska egenskaper. Hos spädbarn anses bröstmjölk vara en källa för Lactobacillus i tarmen, men hur amning påverkar laktobacillförekomst i munnen är oklart. Den första delen i denna avhandling syftar till att jämföra mikrofloran i munnen hos spädbarn som ammas kontra de som får ersättning, att karakterisera vilka laktobaciller som finns i munnen hos respektive grupp och undersöka om dessa har probiotiska egenskaper. Totalt studerades saliv och prov från munslemhinnan från 340 friska 3-4 månader gamla spädbarn. Proven karakteriserades med odling, sekvensering, kvantitativ PCR och en microarraymetod (Human Microbe Identification Microarray, HOMIM), och isolerade laktobacillers effekt på växt och vidhäftning av andra munbakterier studerades. Ammade barn hade en mer hälsoassocierad mikroflora i munnen. Laktobaciller fanns bara hos ammade barn, men bara hos vart 3:e ammat barn. Av totalt sex identifierade laktobacillarter var Lactobacillus gasseri den i särklass mest förekommande arten. L. gasseri isolerade från spädbarnen band till salivproteinerna gp-340 och MUC7 samt till orala epitelceller. L. gasseri kunde även förhindra adhesion av Streptococcus mutans till konstgjord tandemalj och hämma växt av S. mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, Actinomyces naeslundii, Actinomyces oris, Candida albicans och Fusobacterium nucleatum. Laktobaciller förekommer i många hälsoprodukter med påstådd probiotisk effekt. Andra delen av denna avhandling syftade till att bedöma om intag av tabletter med den probiotiska arten Lactobacillus reuteri påverkar ekologin i mikrofloran i munnen, om arten etablerar sig hos alla vid exponering, och om etablering är nödvändig för probiotisk effekt (mätt som hämmad återväxt av kariesassocierade mutansstreptokocker efter antimikrobiell behandling). Två stammar L. reuteri (DSM 17938 and PTA 5289) användes i två dubbelblinda, randomiserade studier. I båda studierna intog deltagarna i testgruppen tabletter med L. reuteri-stammarna och de i kontrollgruppen identiska tabletter utan bakterier. I den första studien deltog 62 deltagare (32 test, 30 kontroll) i 6 veckor och i den andra 44 personer (22 test, 22 placebo) under 12 veckor. Saliv och biofilmsprover samlades in vid studiestart, under och upp till 6 månader efter avslutad testperiod. Proverna analyserades med odling, PCR och 454-pyrosekvensering. L. reuteri etablerade sig hos 2/3 av testpersonerna under testperioden men mängden minskade gradvis efter avslutat intag. Bland de som fick L. reuteri hade deltagarna med påvisbara teststammar fördröjd återväxt av mutansstreptokocker jämfört med de som inte hade det. Pyrosekvensering visade att totalantalet phylotyper inte skiljde sig mellan de som fick aktiva kontra placebotabletter, men att ekologin i bakteriefilmerna hos de som ätit de aktiva tabletterna ändrades. Att exponeras för L. reuteri var starkt associerat med förhöjda nivåer av F. nucleatum and Streptococcus spp. Sammanfattningsvis visar dessa studier att amning är associerad med att ha probiotiska laktobaciller i munnen men bara vissa etablerar arten i munnen. Hos vuxna försenade L. reuteri återkolonisation av mutansstreptokocker efter antibakteriell behandling, och påverkade ekologin i bakteriefilmerna i munnen. Även hos vuxna ledde exponering till etablering bara hos vissa individer.
8
Mounayar, Rana. "Oral fat sensitivity in humans : links with salivary composition." Thesis, Dijon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DIJOS074.
Full textAbstract:
La perception du gras chez l’homme est un phénomène complexe du fait de sa nature multi-sensorielle impliquant la perception de la texture, la perception aromatique mais également la perception gustative. Cette dernière a été suggérée après l’identification de récepteurs aux acides gras au niveau des bourgeons gustatifs. Par ailleurs, des études récentes ont montré que la sensibilité au gras est variable entre individus. Des facteurs génétiques ou environnementaux pourraient expliquer en partie cette variation interindividuelle. Cependant, la salive pourrait aussi jouer un rôle dans cette perception. En effet, elle contient des molécules capables d’interagir avec le gras comme la lipase et les lipocalines. C’est aussi un fluide complexe qui contient une large diversité de protéines et de métabolites. De plus, sa régulation est complexe et peut varier à la suite d’une stimulation. En effet, des études récentes ont montré que le protéome salivaire est modifié à la suite d’une stimulation par des molécules correspondant aux saveurs primaires. Dans ce contexte, l’objectif de ce travail était de déterminer dans un premier temps s’il existe des liens entre la composition salivaire et la sensibilité gustative à un acide gras libre: l’acide oléique. Le deuxième objectif était d’étudier les modifications de la composition salivaire à la suite d’une stimulation gustative par l’acide oléique. Pour ceci deux approches ont été utilisées: des approches ciblées (activité enzymatique, capacité antioxydante etc) et des approches non-ciblées (protéomique et métabolomique). Deux groupes de treize sujets (hyper et hyposensible au goût de l’acide oléique) ont été sélectionnés à partir d’un panel de 73 participants. Leur salive a été collectée au repos et après stimulation par l’acide oléique. Les résultats montrent que la composition de la salive au repos est liée à la sensibilité à l’acide oléique. En effet, des marqueurs liés à la perception du goût ont été identifiés au sein du groupe des hypersensibles (anhydrase carbonique, cystatines et zinc alpha 2 glycoprotéine), alors que des marqueurs pouvant indiquer une activité bactérienne élevée (acides organiques) ont été identifiés au sein du groupe des hyposensibles. Par ailleurs, la composition de la salive collectée après stimulation par l’acide oléique est également modifiée et ces modifications sont différentes pour les sujets hyper et hyposensibles à cette stimulation<br>Human fat perception has recently triggered particular interest as it was shown that it does not only involve aroma and texture perception but also taste perception. The latter was supported by the presence of free fatty acids (FFA) taste receptors on the tongue. Recent studies have shown that fat taste sensitivity is variable among individuals. This inter-individual variation could be linked to genetic or environmental factors. However, saliva could also play a role in this perception. The role of saliva in taste perception is increasingly recognized. Saliva contains molecules able of interacting with fat such as lipase and lipocalin. It is also a complex fluid which contains a large diversity of proteins and metabolites. Its regulation is also complex and its composition may vary after a sensory stimulation. Indeed, studies have shown that when giving primary taste stimulations, the whole salivary proteome is modified. Thus, the first aim of the present work was to use both targeted (enzymatic activity, antioxidant capacity etc) and untargeted approaches (proteomics and metabolomics) to identify links between taste sensitivity to a fatty acid, oleic acid, and the salivary composition. The second aim was to investigate whether the salivary composition is modified after an oral stimulation by oleic acid.Two groups of thirteen male subjects (highly and weakly sensitive to the taste of oleic acid) were selected from an initial panel of 73 healthy participants. Their whole saliva was collected in two ways; the first without stimulation in order to study the links between oral sensitivity to oleic acid and saliva composition and the second using a stimulation by the same fatty acid in order to study potential modifications of saliva composition depending on sensitivity. Results show that salivary composition is linked to oral fatty acid perception. Markers previously reported as associated to taste perception were determined in the highly sensitive group (carbonic anhydrase, Zinc Alpha 2 glycoprotein and cystatins) while markers (organic acids) indicating a higher bacterial load were identified in weakly sensitive group. Furthermore, results obtained after stimulation by oleic acid suggest that saliva composition is modified, which confirms its dynamic nature. As different modifications were observed for the highly and weakly sensitive group, our results suggest that saliva is not only modified after a stimulation but also depending on the sensitivity to that particular stimulation
9
CATTANEO, CAMILLA. "NEW PERSPECTIVE ON TASTE: EXPLORING ASSOCIATION AMONG ORAL PERCEPTION, TONGUE PHYSIOLOGY AND ORAL MICROBIOTA COMPOSITION." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/694274.
Full textAbstract:
Introduzione: Le scelte e le abitudini alimentari sono un comportamento complesso mediato da una serie di fattori biologici e ambientali. Tra questi, il gusto è considerato uno dei principali fattori coinvolti nelle scelte alimentari e varia notevolmente da individuo a individuo. Pertanto, vi è un notevole interesse nel comprendere come, e in che misura, la variabilità individuale possa contribuire in modo determinante a spiegare le preferenze e i comportamenti alimentari. Con la crescente prevalenza di malattie legate all'eccessiva alimentazione si è sviluppato, inoltre, un notevole interesse nell'individuare i fattori che potrebbero predisporre gli individui a tali patologie, influenzando le loro scelte. Recentemente, è stato proposto che anche il microbiota potrebbe influenzare i comportamenti e le preferenze alimentari degli individui e che la sua composizione possa avere un ruolo importante, tuttavia ancora poco chiaro, nello sviluppo dell'obesità. Pertanto, ci è apparso necessario e innovativo approfondire l’ancora inesplorata relazione tra la sensibilità gustativa, l’obesità e la composizione batterica orale. Obiettivo: l'obiettivo generale di questa tesi di dottorato è quello di esplorare la percezione sensoriale in relazione a differenti variabili, applicando un approccio multidisciplinare. In particolare, le attività svolte sono state indirizzate a: i) esplorare le differenze inter-individuali nella percezione gustativa e studiare la loro relazione con la composizione batterica orale e l'assunzione di cibo; ii) studiare le differenze interculturali tra consumatori asiatici e caucasici nelle preferenze di consistenza e sensibilità gustativa e tattile; iii) indagare in che misura la percezione gustativa e la composizione del microbiota orale possano essere considerate potenziali cause nell'aumento del peso corporeo in età scolare. Risultati: I risultati hanno confermato come la sensibilità al 6-n-propiltiuracile (PROP) risulti un indice affidabile per valutare la sensibilità gustativa generale. Inoltre, è stato evidenziato come le differenze interindividuali nella percezione gustativa influenzino il consumo e l'assunzione di cibo. Non sono state trovate correlazioni dirette tra sensibilità tattile, sensibilità al PROP o la densità di Papille Fungiformi (FPD). Sono state riscontrate, inoltre, differenze legate alle preferenze di consistenza e sensibilità gustativa tra le due popolazioni considerate, evidenziando come i soggetti asiatici preferiscano manipolare prevalentemente gli alimenti tra la lingua e il palato e presentino una maggiore sensibilità al PROP e una maggiore densità di PF. Per quanto riguarda i fattori che potrebbero predisporre gli individui all’obesità, i risultati attuali hanno mostrato come i soggetti obesi presentino una distorta sensibilità gustativa rispetto ai soggetti normopeso. In particolare, i bambini e gli adolescenti obesi sembrano essere caratterizzati da una minore capacità di identificare correttamente i gusti rispetto al gruppo di normopeso. Inoltre, la composizione del microbiota orale sembra avere un ruolo nell'influenzare e modulare la percezione gustativa e, inoltre, alcuni taxa sono risultati positivamente associati a diete ricche di verdure (Prevotella) o ricche di proteine/grassi (Clostridia). Conclusioni: La presente tesi potrebbe aiutare a comprendendo come e quali fattori abbiano un’influenza sulle scelte e sulle abitudini alimentari delle persone. Questi risultati, inoltre, potrebbero i) essere un punto partenza per le industrie alimentari nello sviluppo di prodotti che soddisfino le diverse esigenze dei consumatori e ii) aiutare a sviluppare ulteriori strategie per la prevenzione e la terapia dell'obesità. Infine, le potenzialità di questo approccio multidisciplinare potrebbero aprire nuove possibilità di ricerca mettendo in luce associazioni ancora non indagate tra le scienze sensoriali, le tecnologie alimentari e la nutrizione.<br>Background: Food choices and eating habits are a complex behavior mediated by a number of biological and environmental factors. Taste is considered one of the main predictor of individual food selection and varies greatly among individuals. Thus, there is a considerable interest in understanding how, and to what extent, individual variability can determinately contribute to explain food preferences and behaviors. Moreover, with increasing prevalence of diseases related to over nutrition, there is considerable interest in identifying the factors that could predispose individuals to such disease by influencing dietary decisions. Given that it has been recently proposed that the microbiota could affect individuals’ eating behaviors and food preferences, and the composition of such microbiota appears to have an important but still unclear role in obesity development, a novel approach to inquiry into the relationship between obesity, taste sensitivity and oral microbiota composition seems required. Aim: The general aim of this thesis is to explore taste perception in relation to different variables, using a multidisciplinary approach. Specifically, the activities were devoted to: i) explore inter individual differences in taste perception and their relationship with the composition of oral bacteria and food intake; iii) investigate cross-cultural preferences in oral processing behaviors in Asian and Caucasian consumers and how these may be related to lingual tactile acuity and the density of fungiform papillae on the anterior part of the tongue; iii) investigate among host related factors (such as taste perception and oral microbiota composition) that are proposed as potential causes affecting childhood weight gain. Results: The findings of the present thesis confirmed that 6-n-propylithiuracil (PROP) responsiveness could be used as an reliable index for general taste sensitivity. Moreover, interindividual differences in taste perception were found to influence habitual food consumption and intake. No direct correlations between tactile acuity and PROP responsiveness or Fungiform Papillae Density (FPD) were found. Moreover, cross-cultural differences in preferred oral processing behaviors and taste sensitivity have been found in the two population cohorts considered, with Asian subjects predominantly preferred to manipulate foods between the tongue and roof of the mouth and showed a greater FPD and PROP responsiveness. Regarding the factors that could predispose individuals to obesity disease, the present results showed that taste sensitivity occurred differently accordingly to subjects’ nutritional status. In particular, obese children and adolescents presented a lower ability in correctly identifying taste qualities compared to the group of normal-weight. Moreover, the oral microbiota composition seems to have a role in influencing and modulating taste perception, as well as some taxa are found to be positively associated with vegetable-rich (Prevotella) or protein/fat-rich diets (Clostridia). Conclusions: The present thesis could help shed light on the complexities of human eating behavior, understanding how and which host-related factors could affect people food choices and habits. Moreover, these outcomes could be used as a starting point to: i) help food industries in developing food products that match different consumers’ needs and ii) aid to develop further strategies for obesity prevention and therapy. Lastly, the potentiality of this multidisciplinary approach opens new avenues of research by highlighting associations between sensory and consumer science, food technology and nutrition.
10
Bogdasarova, Karina. "Oral Microbial Community Composition in Young Children with Cystic Fibrosis." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1404331049.
Full text
11
DeBoer, Angela. "Oral vs. written peer feedback in ESL students's compositions /." Diss., ON-CAMPUS Access For University of Minnesota, Twin Cities Click on "Connect to Digital Dissertations", 2001. http://www.lib.umn.edu/articles/proquest.phtml.
Full text
12
Madhwani, Tejal. "Microbial and immunological influences on the composition of human oral microbiota." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.516826.
Full textAbstract:
Whilst considerable temporal microbial stability has been demonstrated within the oral cavity, the mechanisms responsible for the development, maintenance and stability of individualspecific human oral microbiotas are not fully understood. This doctoral thesis presents a series of in-vitro and ex-vivo investigations that focused on four factors believed to be involved; the microbial factors i) colonisation resistance (CR; a consortial-intrinsic homeostatic mechanism); ii) probiosis (the introduction of bacteria claimed to positively influence the microbial balance of human microbiotas); and the host-derived factors iii) antimicrobial peptides (innate immunity); and iv) secretory antibodies (homoral immunity). To investigate microbial homeostasis in the absence of immunological influences (i.e CR), long-term multiple sorbarod oral microcosms were established using fresh saliva from three volunteers (designated A, B and C). Following the establishment of dynamic steady-states, a reciprocal exchange of pcrfusates (analogous to dispersed plaque bacteria) was performed between MSDs A and B and the resistance of microbial profiles to immigration was tested by differential culture and PCR-DGGE. Fermenter C was maintained to investigate long-term stability of modelled plaque in the absence of host immune factors. 1fSD-C maintained short-term dynamic bacterial stability but streptococci and lactobacilli decreased to undetectable levels after 20d. Whilst increases in streptococci and reductions in lactobacilli occurred in MSDs A and B following mixing, CR was apparent as both communities maint.ained their original DGGE-profiles. CR together with transient stability in unmixed in-vitro plaques indicates the importance of intrinsic homeostatic mechanisms in maintaining short-term stability but that additional factors must be responsible for long-term stability in-vivo, such as the innate and adaptive immune systems and bacterial immigration. The potential influence of the oral probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus reuteri was studied in constant depth film ferrnenter plaques. Dosing in-vitro, plaques with L. reuteri formulations resulted in decreases in Gram-negative anaerobes (6 to 4.5 10glOCFU/mm2) and significant decreases in streptococci (7 to 4 loglOCFU/mm2). Morphological and q-PCR tracking of the probiotic indicated its persistence three weeks after treatment was ceased. Addition of L. reuteri to invitro oral microbiotas therefore markedly influenced microbial composition reaffirming the role of external factors in maintenance of homeostasis. The effect of host defence peptides (HDPs; innate immune factors) on maintenance of stability of in-vitro plaques was therefore tested. The peptides (defensins, histatins and a cathelicidin) caused differential decreases in bacterial viability and the ~ defensins and His-5 additionally inhibited coaggregation. Peptide-exposed plaques exhibited closest similarity to salivary incocula following exposure to the peptides in combination, according to DGGE analyses. These observations indicate a role for physiological levels of host defence peptides in influencing the composition of oral microbiotas. In order to investigate the role of salivary immunoglobulins (adaptive immunity), saliva from three volunteers was fract.ionated by centrifugation into antibody (supernatant) and bacterial (pellet) fractions and streptavidin-coated magnetic bead separation was used to identify and retain bacteria according to their recognition by host-specific Igs. Bead-selected bacteria were then profiled using eubacterial PCR-DGGE and cluster analyses and identified by DNA sequencing. Analyses indicated that whilst a large proportion of oral bacteria (c. 50% of DGGE bands) were recognised by salivary IgA and IgG, the specificity of host antibodies for exogenous oral bacteria and putatively transient species was great.er in all cases. These investigations indicate that the composition and stability of oral microbiotas are variously influenced (individually and probably combinatorially) by the adaptive and innate immune systems, by CR and by bacterial immigration (as occurs naturally and as applied in probiosis).
13
Fey, Marc E., Hugh W. Catts, Kerry Proctor-Williams, J. Bruce Tomblin, and Xuyang Zhang. "Oral and Written Story Composition Skills of Children With Language Impairment." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2004. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1776.
Full textAbstract:
In this study 538 children composed 1 oral and 1 written fictional story in both 2nd and 4th grades. Each child represented 1 of 4 diagnostic groups: typical language (TL), specific language impairment (SLI), nonspecific language impairment (NLI), or low nonverbal IQ (LNIQ). The stories of the TL group had more different words, more grammatical complexity, fewer errors, and more overall quality than either language-impaired group at either grade. Stories of the SLI and LNIQ groups were consistently stronger than were those of the NLI group. Kindergarten children with language impairment (LI) whose standardized test performance suggested normalization by 2nd grade also appeared to have recovered in storytelling abilities at that point. By 4th grade, however, these children's stories were less like the children with TL and more like those of children with persistent LI than they had been in 2nd grade. Oral stories were better than written stories in both grades, although the greatest gains from 2nd to 4th grade were generally made on written stories. Girls told stronger stories than did boys at both grades, regardless of group placement. It is concluded that story composition tasks are educationally relevant and should play a significant role in the evaluation of children with developmental LI.
14
Johnson, Deborah Ann. "Basic writers, oral strategies, and the writing process." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1992. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/782.
Full textAbstract:
Linguistic research (differences and similarities between spoken and written language) -- Features of production (coordinating conjunctions, hedges, neuter pronouns, collocations, etc.) -- Features of interaction (personal pronouns, hyperbole, emphatics) -- Textual analysis evaluation -- Comparison of written words, oral features, and essay grades or scores received.
15
Schoumacker, Rachel. "Perception du gras : variabilité interindividuelle et origine." Thesis, Dijon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016DIJOS030/document.
Full textAbstract:
Pour réduire la teneur en matière grasse des aliments, et suivre en cela les recommandations du Plan National Nutrition Santé, il est nécessaire de bien comprendre les mécanismes de la perception du gras. Dans ce contexte, ce travail de thèse avait pour objectif de contribuer à la compréhension de la perception du gras au travers de l’étude de la variabilité interindividuelle de la perception du gras et de la recherche de son origine.Pour cela, une approche pluridisciplinaire mêlant physico-chimie de molécules aromatiques à connotation grasse, physiologie orale des sujets, processus en bouche et perception sensorielle au cours de la consommation a été mise en place. Une attention toute particulière a été portée sur la composante olfactive de la perception du gras et en particulier sur la potentielle contribution des métabolites produits dans la cavité nasale de l’Homme à partir de composés volatils odorants. Ce travail montre que la réduction du taux de matière grasse dans un fromage blanc diminue la perception de l’arôme crème, augmente l’amertume et l’astringence et diminue le film gras perçu, confirmant ainsi le caractère multidimensionnel de la perception du gras. Il montre également que la perception du gras est liée à la teneur en lipide du tapissage en bouche ainsi qu’à la composition de la matrice en composés d’arômes.Il met en évidence trois groupes de sujets de sensibilité au gras significativement différents. Ces groupes présentent également des différences pour plusieurs paramètres physiologiques et anatomiques pouvant intervenir sur les sensations tactiles, gustatives et olfactives et donc potentiellement sur la perception du gras.Enfin, ce travail prouve l’existence, dans la muqueuse olfactive de l’Homme, d’enzymes capables de métaboliser les composés odorants en métabolites volatils eux-mêmes odorants susceptibles d’intervenir dans la perception du gras ou de la moduler<br>To reduce the fat content in food products as recommended by the National Nutrition and Health Plan, it is necessary to understand the fat perception mechanisms. In this context, this thesis work aimed to contribute to the understanding of fat perception through the study of interindividual variability in fat perception and the research of its origin.For this purpose, a multidisciplinary approach combining physico-chemistry of “fatty” aroma molecules, subjects’ oral physiology, food oral processing and sensory perception during food consumption has been established. A particular focus has been done on the olfactory component of fat perception, especially on the potential contribution of the metabolites produced in the human nasal cavity from odorous volatile compounds.This work shows that reducing fat content in cottage cheese decreases the perception of the cream aroma, increases bitterness and astringency and decreases the perceived greasy film. The results confirmed the multidimensional nature of fat perception. This work also shows that fat perception is related to the lipid content of the mouth coating as well as the aroma compounds composition of the food matrix.It highlights three groups of subjects with significant difference in fat sensitivity. These groups also differ in several physiological and anatomical parameters which can impact tactile, taste and smell sensations and therefore potentially fat perception. Finally, this work proves the existence in the human olfactory mucosa of enzymes capable of metabolizing odorous compounds into volatile metabolites. These metabolites proved to be themselves odorants could be involved in fat perception or its modulation
16
Leiper, John Beattie. "Effects of the composition of solutions on water and solute absorption from the intact human intestine." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1997. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU100312.
Full textAbstract:
In a series of systematic studies using a steady-state jejunal perfusion technique the influence of carbohydrate content and type, osmolality and sodium concentration on jejunal absorption was investigated. Carbohydrate content over the range from 225 to 440 mmol glucosyl units.1-1 did not increase intestinal carbohydrate or water absorption. The type of carbohydrate used also appears to have little effect on the rates of water or solute absorption from moderately hypotonic carbohydrate-electrolyte solutions. Solutions which were moderately hypotonic with respect to normal human serum promoted faster rates of water absorption than isotonic, which in turn were faster than that from hypertonic solutions. Increased rates of solute absorption were associated with faster rates of water uptake from the hypotonic solutions. Sodium chloride concentration over the range 22 to 44 mmol.1-1 did not affect water or carbohydrate absorption, although sodium chloride uptake tended to be faster from the solutions with the higher electrolyte content. Measurement of net and unidirectional water fluxes suggests that the increase in net water absorption in segmental perfusion studies is due mainly to a decrease in mucosa-to-lumen water flux. The pattern of water uptake, as assessed by deuterium accumulation in the circulation, generally appeared to follow the pattern indicated by the combined effect of the measured rate of gastric emptying and segmented water intestinal absorption. In conclusion, intestinal perfusion studies have identified moderate hypotonicity as the major factor in determining the rate of water absorption and an important influence in regulating solute transport from carbohydrate-electrolyte solutions. Although there was a tendency for hypertonicity to be associated with faster rates of deuterium accumulation in the circulation, this model of assessing water uptake indicated that the sodium content of the ingested drink was also an important factor.
17
Shaw, Delphine R. "George Sword's Warrior Narratives: A Study in the Processes of Composition of Lakota Oral Narrative." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/311217.
Full textAbstract:
This research is the result of a long-standing interest in the work of one individual, George Sword who composed two hundred and forty-five pages of text in the Lakota language using the English alphabet in the period 1896 through 1910. In the past scholars have studied Lakota narratives and songs and with each study new insights are gained. However, the focus generally in oral literary research has been in the study of content and not process in Lakota oral traditions. In order to better understand the characteristics of Lakota oral style this study shows how it is composed and structured in the work of George Sword. The research focus is from a qualitative perspective concerned with exploring, describing, and explaining a culturally specific Lakota oral narrative more commonly found in history and ethnographic disciplines, where it is a special type of case study research. The primary method used is an analysis of historic documents and original text in Lakota to address the issues raised in the general research problem: How do you define Lakota literature? In the end this study shows the way in which Lakota oral narrative is composed, how its practice produced a distinct form. During the course of this study, what became apparent in George Sword's Lakota narratives were the formulaic patterns inherent in the Lakota language used to tell the narratives as well as the recurring themes and story patterns. The primary conclusion is that these patterns originate from a Lakota oral tradition. This analysis can be used to determine whether any given written narrative in Lakota oral tradition is oral or not; and leads the way for further research
18
Krepps, Karen. "“I’m Writin’ `Bout Something:” A Case Study of Text Construction in Preschool." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1575278220695339.
Full text
19
Zhang, Xianguang Peter. "Entrepreneurial culture in transition-period China a rhetorical critique /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3337556.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Communication and Culture, 2008.<br>Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Jul 24, 2009). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-11, Section: A, page: 4187. Adviser: Robert L. Ivie.
20
Murphy, James R. "Echo and artifact: the similarities and differences between print codes and oral codes and their implications for the teaching of composition." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1990. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/560.
Full text
21
Bellich, Barbara. "Preparazione e caratterizzazione di forme farmaceutiche solide orali a partire da materiale composito." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trieste, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10077/2568.
Full textAbstract:
2006/2007<br>La somministrazione per via orale è la preferita per il trattamento farmacologico
cronico. Circa il 40% dei nuovi principi attivi, tra i quali numerosi potenti farmaci
lipofilici, è caratterizzato da bassa solubilità in acqua e la somministrazione per via
orale di tali farmaci è frequentemente associata a bassa biodisponibilità. Infatti
l’assorbimento di un principio attivo rilasciato da una forma farmaceutica orale dipende
essenzialmente da due fattori: la dissoluzione del p.a. nel tratto gastrointestinale e la sua
permeabilità attraverso la mucosa. Sulla base di questi due parametri i principi attivi
sono stati distinti in quattro classi (Biopharmaceutical Classification System). In
particolare per la seconda classe di composti, la dissoluzione nel lume gastro-intestinale
è lo step limitante il processo di assorbimento. Per questa classe, numerosi approcci
tecnologici sono riportati in letteratura allo scopo di aumentare la biodisponibilità orale
di farmaci lipofilici come per esempio l’incorporazione in veicoli lipidici inerti come
olii, la formulazione di sistemi auto-emulsificanti, di emulsioni e microemulsioni,
liposomi, complessi di inclusione e sistemi dispersi farmaco-carrier. Rispetto a tali
metodi convenzionali, il lavoro svolto ha riguardato la preparazione di sistemi attivati a
base di ubidecarenone e ciclosporina ricorrendo alla tecnologia NEC (Nanoemulsified
Composites) in collaborazione con la ditta Remedia s.r.l. titolare della tecnologia
brevettata. La tecnologia NEC si basa sull’incorporazione di una doppia
microemulsione (o/a/o) in un carrier microporoso.
Successivamente l’attenzione è stata focalizzata sull’innovativa applicabilità delle
microonde alla preparazione di sistemi binari farmaco:carrier. Il riscaldamento per
mezzo delle microonde sfrutta le proprietà che le sostanze chimiche hanno di assorbire
l’energia direttamente dalle onde elettromagnetiche le quali sono in grado di aumentare
l’agitazione termica, e quindi la temperatura. L’energia fornita dalle radiazioni viene
ceduta direttamente alla sostanza ed in tempi molto brevi. Tutte le sostanze
caratterizzate da un dipolo, anche minimo, possono assorbire microonde.
In tale contesto, oggetto della ricerca è stata l’attivazione dell’ibuprofene e piroxicam.
Per tutti i farmaci considerati è stato inizialmente effettuato uno studio di messa a punto
delle sostanze e delle condizioni operative ottimali, atte a fornire un prodotto finale
lavorabile (prodotto composito). Alla preparazione dei sistemi ha fatto seguito la
caratterizzazione chimico-fisica, necessaria per appurare lo stato solido del principio
attivo. In particolare le tecniche adottate sono state: calorimetria a scansione
differenziale (DSC), raggi X su polvere (PXRD), microscopia elettronica (SEM), hotstage
microscopi (HSM), laser-light scattering. Successivamente le formulazioni
approntate sono state caratterizzate anche dal punto di vista tecnologico e dissolutivo in
termini di studi di cinetica di solubilizzazione e di rilascio. Inoltre in alcuni casi il
prodotto è stato testato in vivo su ratti. Ed è stata anche valutata, in alcuni casi, la
possibilità di realizzare forme farmaceutiche solide ad uso orale quali capsule e
compresse.
I risultati ottenuti sono qui di seguito riassunti.
UBIDECARENONE
La tecnologia preparativa adottata unitamente alla selezione dei componenti, hanno
dimostrato il raggiungimento dell’obiettivo del presente lavoro e cioè l’aumento della
biodisponibilità in vivo dell’Ubidecarenone. Le caratteristiche tecnologiche del materiale
composito hanno permesso un’agevole realizzazione di capsule rigide ma, con un’ulteriore
selezione di eccipienti per compressione diretta, si potrà realizzare anche la forma di dosaggio
in compresse.
CICLOSPORINA
Il prodotto composito preparato è dunque risultato essere in grado di aumentare la
biodisponibilità in vivo della ciclosporina rispetto alla materia prima commerciale.
IBUPROFENE
Dai risultati ottenuti si può concludere che la tecnica utilizzata e i polimeri scelti hanno
portato ad un grado di amorfizzazione del farmaco tale da essere responsabile dell’incremento
del profilo di dissoluzione in vitro delle dispersioni solide (IBU:PVP/VA e IBU: HP-β-CD)
rispetto ai campioni di confronto.
PIROXICAM
Anche in questo studio è stato possibile verificare l’applicabilità delle MW alla creazione di
sistemi dispersi solvent-free. Gli indiscussi vantaggi al ricorso ad un reattore a MW
focalizzate (CEM) in termini di tempi e potenze applicate sono stati verificati. Il
raggiungimento dell’obiettivo del lavoro e cioè l’aumento della biodisponibilità in vitro del
piroxicam è stato ottenuto associando alla tecnologia adottata il polimero PVP/VA 64.<br>XX Ciclo<br>1974
22
Spiritoso, Stephen Spiritoso. "The Oral Microbiome of the Primary Dentition in Health and Disease: A Focus on Streptococcus mutans Strains and Caries." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1498833868865522.
Full text
23
Welsh, Scott Michael. "The rhetorical pursuit of political advantage : toward a rhetorical theory for democratic politics /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3268342.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Communication and Culture, 2007.<br>Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Dec. 5, 2008). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-06, Section: A, page: . Adviser: Robert L. Ivie.
24
Snider, Richard Conrad. "The Effectiveness of Oral Expression through the use of Continuous Speech Recognition Technology in Supporting the Written Composition of Postsecondary Students with Learning Disabilities." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26868.
Full textAbstract:
A large number of individuals who are identified as having learning disabilities have deficits in written expression. Existing theory and research indicate that for those individuals oral expression not only precedes, but also exceeds their written expression capabilities. As a result, dictation has been investigated as an accommodation for these individuals. Research in this area indicates that dictation does tend to increase quality, length, and rate of production of written expression. This mode, however, has a number of shortcomings, including difficulties caused by social skills deficits and a loss of independence. Additionally, for universities providing this accommodation, the annual cost of providing a transcription service is high. Speech recognition has the potential to overcome these shortcomings, but presently little research has been conducted to investigate the advantages and disadvantages of this mode of writing.
The purpose of this study was to examine the compensatory effectiveness of oral expression through the use of continuous speech recognition technology on the written composition performance of postsecondary students with learning disabilities. This writing mode was compared to a popular accommodation involving oral expression, using a human transcriber to create a verbatim transcription, and to a common visual-motor method of writing, using a keyboard without assistance.
Analysis of the data revealed that students with learning disabilities in the area of written expression wrote significantly higher quality essays at a faster rate using the transcription and speech recognition modes of writing than they did using the keyboarding method of writing. There was no significant difference in the length of essays across the three treatment groups.
This study suggests that current continuous speech recognition technology can offer postsecondary students with learning disabilities a method to write that is superior to keyboarding as indicated by measures of quality and rate of production. Since the speech recognition technology does not have the limitations of the transcription process (i.e., loss of independence and high cost), it may be the best alternative for postsecondary students with learning disabilities in the area of written expression to maximize their oral language strengths to more efficiently produce better quality writing.<br>Ph. D.
25
Nikolaitchouk, Natalia. "The female genital tract microbiota : composition, relation to innate immune factors, and effects of contraceptives /." Göteborg : Department of Infectious Diseases/Clinical Bacteriology, Institute of Biomedicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/20102.
Full text
26
Fischer, Carol Lea. "Oral mucosal lipids are antimicrobial against Porphyromonas gingivalis, induce ultrastructural damage, and alter bacterial lipid and protein compositions." Diss., University of Iowa, 2013. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2494.
Full textAbstract:
Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammation of the gingiva and periodontium that leads to progressive destruction and irreversible damage to the supportive structures of the teeth. It affects nearly half of the United States population and is a particular risk factor in adults older than 65 years of age. Oral microorganisms assemble in plaque as a polymicrobial biofilm and Porphyromonas gingivalis, an important secondary colonizer in oral biofilms, has been implicated in periodontal disease. Although the protective functions of various salivary molecules such as antimicrobial proteins have been delineated, lipids present in saliva and on the oral mucosa have been largely ignored and there is growing evidence that the role of lipids in innate immunity is more important than previously realized. In fact, recent studies suggest that sphingoid bases and fatty acids, which exhibit potent broad spectrum antimicrobial activity against a variety of bacteria and fungi, are likely important innate immune molecules involved in the defense against oral bacterial and fungal infections. However little is known about their spectrum of activity or mechanisms of action. In addition, the effects of these lipids that are endogenous to the oral cavity have not been explored against oral bacteria. In this study I hypothesized that oral mucosal and salivary lipids exhibit dose-dependent antimicrobial activity against P. gingivalis and alter cell morphology and metabolic events. To test this hypothesis, I first examined the effects of two fatty acids: sapienic acid and lauric acid, and three sphingoid bases: sphingosine, dihydrosphingosine, and phytosphingosine, against a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria including P. gingivalis. Using broth microdilution assays to determine minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentrations, I show that antimicrobial activity against bacteria is dose-dependent, lipid specific, and microorganism specific. Kill kinetics were also variable across each bacteria-lipid combination. Upon examination of select bacteria-lipid combinations via scanning and transmission electron microscopy, different morphologies were evident across all treatments, demonstrating differential activity of each lipid for a particular bacterium as well as for each bacterium across different lipids. In addition, all sphingoid bases and fatty acids were taken up and retained in association with P. gingivalis cells and could be extracted along with bacterial lipids and separated using thin layer chromatography. Using a combination of two-dimensional in-gel electrophoresis and Western blots followed by mass spectroscopy and n-terminus degradation sequencing, I show that sapienic-acid treatment induces a unique stress response in P. gingivalis, as evidenced by the ability of P. gingivalis to upregulate a set of proteins involved in fatty acid biosynthesis metabolism and energy production, protein processing, cell adhesion, and virulence. Finally, utilizing flow cytometry and confocal microscopy, I assessed the effects of oral antimicrobial lipids against a representative host cell and describe oral lipid concentrations that are both antimicrobial to P. gingivalis cells and non-cytotoxic to the representative host cells tested. Combined, these data strongly suggest that sphingoid bases and fatty acids found within the saliva and on oral mucosa likely do contribute to the innate antimicrobial activity of saliva, mucosal surfaces, and skin and this dose-dependent activity is both lipid specific and bacteria specific. This information adds to current knowledge of the innate functions of endogenous lipids in the oral cavity. With bacterial resistance to current antibiotics increasing, the exploration of new antimicrobial agents is important and these lipid treatments may be beneficial for prophylactic treatments or therapeutic intervention of infection by supplementing the natural immune function of endogenous lipids on skin and other mucosal membranes.
27
Anthony, Brooke Allen Murray Bruce A. "Making students' writing bloom the effect of scaffolding oral inquiry using Bloom's taxonomy on writing in response to reading and reading comprehension of fifth graders /." Auburn, Ala., 2007. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2007/SPRING/Curriculum_and_Teaching/Dissertation/Brooks_Anthony_dissertation.pdf.
Full text
28
Worthington, David L. "American exceptionalism and the Shoah : the case of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3268343.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Communication and Culture, 2007.<br>Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Dec. 5, 2008). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-06, Section: A, page: . Adviser: John Louis Lucaites.
29
Yuen, Dick-yan Dennis, and 源迪恩. "A comparison of oral and written composition in L1 Chinese and L2 English in an L2 English medium school." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31958424.
Full text
30
George, Keith Phillip. "Left ventricular morphology : the impact of menstrual cycle phase, oral contraceptive use, body size, body composition and athletic training." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.246262.
Full text
31
Yuen, Dick-yan Dennis. "A comparison of oral and written composition in L1 Chinese and L2 English in an L2 English medium school." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14036435.
Full text
32
Könönen, Eija. "Oral gram-negative anaerobic microflora in young children composition, development and acquisition as assessed by pheno- and genotypic characterization /." Helsinki : University of Dentistry, Dept. of Periodontology, 1994. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/31119002.html.
Full text
33
Marshall, Molly J. "Relationship between oral health status and body mass index for residents in a transitional care center." Virtual Press, 1999. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1154773.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between oral health status and body mass index for residents in a Transitional Care Center. The population utilized in this study were 193 males and females between the ages of 16-98 years old who were admitted to the Transitional Care Center at Columbus Regional Hospital in Columbus, Indiana. The researcher obtained informed consent from each participant upon admission to the subacute unit. The information used for this study was obtained from the Minimum Data Set located in each resident's medical record. Subjects were divided in two groups according to age, less than 75 years old and > 75 years old to determine whether age had an effect on oral health status and body mass index.The conclusion was that there was a difference between males and females. Women had a higher BMI than males for both age groups. Participants less than 75 years old were more likely to have a higher body mass index compared with subjects > 75 years of age. Seventy-four percent of those aged > 75 years old wore dentures or a removable bridge compared with 56% of younger subjects (< 75 years old).Although no statistically significant relationship was found between oral health status and body mass index, a trend was noted. As the number of oral health problems increased for individuals, body mass index decreased. The types and prevalence of specific oral health problems were reported indicating a need for further research into relationship between obesity, oral health, lifestyle factors, availability of dental care, and nutrient intakes for the elderly population.<br>Department of Family and Consumer Sciences
34
Macintyre, James Gillis. "The effect of oral arginine hydrochloride on growth hormone levels, body composition, performance and biochemical parameters in male recreational runners." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26364.
Full textAbstract:
Many athletes ingest amino acids in the belief that these supplements will result in increased serum growth hormone (GH) levels, with an attendant anabolic effect and improvements in athletic performance. In order to test these hypotheses twelve moderately fit (average V02max 51.2 ml/kg/min) male recreational runners (average age 30.3 years) in a steady state of training ingested 6.0 gm arginine hydrochloride (AA) or lactose placebo (P) daily over two 7 week periods in a double blind cross-over experimental design. Comprehensive anthropometric, physiological and biochemical tests were performed before, at the cross over, and after the administration of the drugs. Data on GH response, performance and body composition was analyzed by MANOVA, and repeated ANOVAs were used for the biochemical data. Although GH levels were increased by the AA, and the GH response to AA was greater than that to P, the increases did not reach statistical significance (p=0.13). The GH response to AA was negatively related to % body fat (r=-0.60, p<0.05) and positively related to maximal oxygen uptake (r=0.69, p<0.05). Oral AA administration did not result in any significant changes in body composition, maximal oxygen uptake, aerobic endurance, anaerobic capacity, strength, or biochemical or hematological parameters. Five of the subjects reported subjective improvements in training while
taking the AA. Arginine hydrochloride ingestion was associated with no significant change in plasma immunoreactive or bioactive growth hormone levels in the 12 male recreational athletes tested. No significant negative or positive biochemical, hematological, strength, body composition or performance changes were documented.<br>Education, Faculty of<br>Curriculum and Pedagogy (EDCP), Department of<br>Graduate
35
Rickenlund, Anette. "Hormonal mechanisms of menstrual disturbances, metabolic disorders and effects of oral contraceptives in female athletes /." Stockholm, 2004. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2004/91-7140-148-2/.
Full text
36
Parnell, Claudia Ann. "The crowd in the voice: An inquiry into the relationship between collaborative learning and composition theory." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1993. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/641.
Full text
37
Wikström-Frisén, Lisbeth. "Training and hormones in physically active women : with and without oral contraceptive use." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Idrottsmedicin, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-124842.
Full textAbstract:
Background: The number of women participating in sports has increased dramatically, though research in sports are often performed on men. Physical exercise is known to increase physical performance and improve well-being. Although exercise has beneficial health effects for most of the women, it is known that strenuous exercise may also have negative health consequences. Common are menstrual dysfunctions and the medical effects of a long-standing amenorrhea are serious. Moreover, strenuous exercise without adequate recovery may lead to overreaching (OR) /overtraining syndrome (OTS). An improved muscle strength are of great importance in many sports, hence an increased understanding on how to generate optimal strength training programs in women without negative side effects are essential. The aims of this thesis were to investigate the effects on strength and power of high frequency periodised leg resistance training to evaluate a training regime and moreover to investigate if the training was well accepted and without potential exercise-related negative consequences. Moreover, to provide normative data on oxytocin and cortisol to elucidate if these hormones could be one diagnostic marker in combination with others to monitor and diagnose female athletes that may be at risk to develop OR/OTS. Methods: Fifty-nine women, participated in the four month intervention study. Two groups performed high frequency leg resistance training for two weeks of each menstrual/oral contraceptive (OC) cycle. The remaining part of the cycle they performed the leg training once a week. Group 1, trained with high frequency (5 times·w-1) during the first two weeks of each cycle, and group 2, during the last two weeks of each cycle. A control group performed regular (3 times·w-1) leg resistance training. Another 33 women participated in the observational study. The OC users and non-users, were followed over a nine-month period with monthly blood sampling of oxytocin and cortisol, and the Profile of Mood State (POMS) as a subjective measure of OR/OTS. Results: The women who performed high frequency leg resistance training, 5 times·w-1, during the first two weeks of each cycle showed significant increase in jump height, peak torque values in hamstrings, increased lean body mass of the legs, and their experiences of the training were positive. These results were not found when the periodised training was performed during the last two weeks of each cycle. In the control group an increase in jump height, and peak torque (left hamstring) was observed. There were no evident differences in the training effects between women with or without OC use. Moreover, no exercise-related negative consequences were detected in any of the three groups. The women in the observational study showed seasonal variations in oxytocin and cortisol, with different pattern in OC users to non-users. No convincing relationships to POMS were found. Conclusions: The high frequency periodised leg resistance training during the first two weeks of the cycle is more beneficial to optimize resistance training, than the last two weeks. The high frequency periodised leg resistance training was not associated with exercise-related negative consequences and was well accepted when performed during the first two weeks of each cycle. Due to seasonality and impact of OC use, oxytocin and cortisol are not suggested to be optimal, diagnostic markers alone/in combination with others, to detect OR/OTS in physically active women.
38
Ali-Haimoud, Djamila. "Etude des effets d'un apport oral d'avoparcine et de monensine sur l'utilisation digestive et métabolique de la ration chez la vache laitière." Toulouse, INPT, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPT006A.
Full textAbstract:
Cette etude realisee in vivo a pour but de caracteriser l'effet de l'avoparcine, nouveau facteur de productivite chez la vache laitiere, sur l'utilisation digestive de rations a base de fourrages, en comparaison avec un antibiotique ionophore connu, la monensine. Les deux antibiotiques sont ajoutes a la ration a raison de 33 ppm. Trois regimes (temoin, avoparcine et monensine) sont ainsi constitues et distribues a trois vaches holstein taries ou lactantes, au cours de six periodes (schema en carre latin). Ces vaches sont canulees au niveau du rumen, du duodenum et de l'ileon. Le cr-edta, l'ybcl#3 et les bases puriques (arn) sont choisis comme marqueurs respectifs des phases liquide et solide du digesta et des proteines microbiennes. Alors que le ph ruminal et les teneurs en acides gras volatils ne sont pas modifies, les concentrations en ammoniac sont reduites par les deux traitements antibiotiques, l'effet de l'avoparcine etant moins prononce que celui de la monensine. Independamment du niveau d'ingestion, la presence d'antibiotique dans la ration provoque une diminution de la digestion ruminale de la matiere organique, des fibres, de l'amidon et des proteines alimentaires. Cette diminution est compensee par une hausse de la digestion intestinale de l'amidon et des proteines alimentaires, la compensation ayant lieu dans le gros intestin pour les fibres. Le flux duodenal des proteines microbiennes, de meme que l'efficacite de la synthese proteique ne sont pas influences par les deux antibiotiques. L'adjonction d'avoparcine ou de monensine a la ration provoque un accroissement du flux duodenal des acides amines totaux independamment du niveau d'ingestion. L'evaluation des disparitions intestinales quotidiennes des acides amines essentiels met en evidence une augmentation de la digestion intestinale avec les rations renfermant les antibiotiques. Cependant, cet effet n'est pas homogene pour l'ensemble des acides amines. Les disparitions intestinales de l'histidine et de la threonine ne sont en effet pas influencees par l'adjonction d'antibiotiques tant chez les vaches taries que lactantes. L'avoparcine ou la monensine, utilisees comme additifs alimentaires permettent une meilleure valorisation des rations a base de fourrages pour vaches laitieres
39
Hawkins, Colleen E. "The effects of oral supplementation of the amino acid arginine on body composition and muscle function during energy restriction in male weight lifters." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41598.
Full textAbstract:
Manufacturers of amino acid supplements claim that they can act as natural stercoids. Eighteen experienced male weight lifters were studied to test this hypothesis for the amino acid arginine.<br>Master of Science
40
Backovic, Jovana. "Between two worlds : approaching Balkan oral music tradition through the use of technology as a compositional and performing medium." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2014. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/53400/.
Full textAbstract:
This text explores the problems of interpreting musical identity, meaning, and sociocultural value of a compositional work influenced by two traditions with different values: the modernist tradition based on Western European classical heritage, and the oral tradition of the Balkans. It also follows the process of transformation and recreation of the author's musical language: from classical, notation-oriented to a more intuitive, improvisational and live-performance based. Through detailing some of the experiences of the author as a composer and a performer, it also discusses some observations on the ways in which this discrepancy between two traditions and practices has affected and still influences those creative practices in Serbia and the former Yugoslavia that relate to traditional music and its derivations. By identifying musical performance within certain socio-cultural contexts this dichotomy can be highlighted. As a result, a substantial part of this text focuses on investigating the capacity of a technologically assisted composition and performance practice to overcome this issue. Technology is here perceived not only as an instrument for recording, improvising, composing and performing but also as a medium which communicates musical value. In this study, the oral tradition from the Balkans was approached not only as a purely acoustic phenomenon, but it also included a raised awareness of the nature of the continuous fusion of various cultures in the region, as well as existing cultural and religious antagonisms. This study investigates the problems of constructing musical identity as well as the meaning of an author’s creative practice in relation to the socio-cultural environment of its origin, whilst observing its reception by audiences outside the Balkan region. Socio-cultural environments are established through exploring the writings of the authors that depict the Balkans historical, cultural and musical spheres in relation to other cultural practices and influences.
41
Sweidan, Alaa. "Antibiofilm activity of lichen secondary metabolites." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1B017/document.
Full textAbstract:
Les bactéries buccales n'infectent pas seulement la bouche mais y resident. Elles peuvent également passer dans la voie sanguine et atteindre des organes secondaires. S’il n'est pas traité, le biofilm dentaire peut provoquer une inflammation destructrice dans la cavité buccale, entrainant de graves complications médicales. Dans ce biofilm, Streptococcus gordonii, colonisateur oral primaire, constitue la plate-forme sur laquelle des colonisateurs pathogènes tardifs comme Porphyromonas gingivalis, l'agent causal des maladies parodontales, se lieront. L'objectif de la première partie de la thèse était de déterminer l'activité antibactérienne de onze composés de lichens appartenant à différentes familles chimiques, pour découvrir de nouveaux antibiotiques pouvant combattre ces bactéries buccales. Nous avons montré que trois composés avaient des activités antibactériennes prometteuses. L'acide psoromique enregistrait les CMIs le plus faibles. De nouveaux analogues de butyrolactone ont ensuite été conçus et synthétisés sur la base des composés antibactériens licheniques connus, les acides lichesteriniques, en substituant différents groupes fonctionnels sur le cycle butyrolactone pour améliorer son activité sur S. gordonii et P. gingivalis. Parmi les dérivés, B-12 et B-13 avaient la plus faible CMI où ils se sont révélés être des bactéricides plus forts, 2 à 3 fois plus, que l'antibiotique, doxycycline. B-12 et B-13 étaient également les plus efficaces vis-à-vis de P. gingivalis. La cytotoxicité de ces 2 composés a ensuite été vérifiée contre les cellulaires épithéliales gingivales humaines et les macrophages. Ils ne présentaient pas de toxicité contre les cellules testées. Une étude préliminaire de relation structure-activité a révélé le double rôle important apporté par deux substituants, chaîne alkyle en C5 et groupe carboxyle en C4 positions, dans leur mécanisme d'action. Ceci a été suivi par l'étude de l’activité antibiofilmique de B-12 et B-13 contre les deux souches orales en utilisant un test de cristal violet et microscopie confocale. Les deux dérivés ont montré, à une concentration plus faible, une inhibition maximale de la formation du biofilm, LCMI, de 9.38 μg/mL contre S. gordonii et 1.17 μg/mL contre P. gingivalis. Cependant, lorsque des concentrations sous-inhibitrices de B-12 et B-13 ont été utilisées, nous avons démontré que les deux souches étudiées pouvaient former des biofilms in vitro, accompagné d’une diminution de l'expression des gènes impliqués dans l'adhésion et la formation de biofilm. Pour mieux comprendre les mécanismes d'action des butyrolactones, nous avons étudié la localisation bactérienne du composé B-13 en synthétisant un B-13 marqué au NBD (4-nitro-benzo [1,2,5] oxadiazole) fluorescent conservant son activité antibactérienne. Par microscopie confocale et HPLC, nous avons montré que ce composé se lie à la surface cellulaire de S. gordonii. Ensuite, B-13 induit une rupture de la paroi cellulaire conduisant à la libération des constituants bactériens et par conséquent, à la mort de S. gordonii, une bactérie Gram-positive. L'expression de deux gènes, murA et alr, impliqués dans la synthèse de la paroi cellulaire, a été modifiée en présence de cette butyrolactone. Les bactéries Gram négatives telles que P. gingivalis ont également montré des cellules abimées présentant une rupture de la paroi en présence de B-13, ce qui suggère que cette butyrolactone agit sur des Gram-positives et Gram-négatives avec une plus grande efficacité contre les Gram-négatives. En outre, nous avons également démontré que l'analogue de B-13, B-12, induit une perturbation de la morphologie de P. gingivalis et S. gordonii. Toutes ces études ont démontré que les butyrolactones dérivées de lichen peuvent être proposés comme des composés antibactériens puissants contre les agents pathogènes oraux qui causent des complications médicales graves<br>The oral bacteria do not only infect the mouth and reside there, but also travel via the blood and reach distant body organs. If left untreated, the dental biofilm that can cause destructive inflammation in the oral cavity may result in serious systemic medical complications. In dental biofilm, Streptococcus gordonii, a primary oral colonizer, constitutes the platform on which late pathogenic colonizers like Porphyromonas gingivalis, the causative agent of periodontal diseases, will bind. The aim of the first study was to determine the antibacterial activity of eleven natural lichen compounds belonging to different chemical families to uncover new antibiotics which can fight against the oral bacteria. Three compounds were shown to have promising antibacterial activities where psoromic acid had the lowest MICs of 11.72 and 5.86 µg/mL against S. gordonii and P. gingivalis, respectively. Novel butyrolactone analogues were then designed and synthesized based on the known lichen antibacterial compounds, lichesterinic acids (B-10 and B-11), by substituting different functional groups on the butyrolactone ring trying to enhance its activity on S. gordonii and P. gingivalis.. Among the derivatives, B-12 and B-13 had the lowest MIC of 9.38 µg/mL where they have shown to be stronger bactericidals, by 2-3 times, than the reference antibiotic, doxycycline. B-12 and B-13 were also the most efficient on P. gingivalis exhibiting MIC of 0.037 and 0.293 µg/mL and MBC of 1.17 and 0.586 µg/mL, respectively. These 2 compounds were then checked for their cytotoxicity against human gingival epithelial cells and macrophages by MTT and LDH assays which confirmed their safety against the tested cell lines. A preliminary study of the structure-activity relationships unveiled the important dual role contributed by two substituents, alkyl chain at C4 and carboxyl group at C5 positions, in their mechanism of action. This was followed by the investigation of B-12 and B-13 for their antibiofilm activity against both oral strains using crystal violet assay and confocal microscopy. Both derivatives displayed a lowest concentration with maximal biofilm inhibition, LCMI, of 9.38 µg/mL against S. gordonii and 1.17 µg/mL against P. gingivalis. However, when sub-inhibitory concentrations of B-12 and B-13 were used, we demonstrated that the two investigated strains were able to form biofilms in vitro. Indeed, this antibiofilm activity decreased as indicated by the expression of the genes implicated in adhesion and biofilm formation. To better understand the mechanism of action of butyrolactones, we have investigated B-13 bacterial localization by synthesizing a fluorescently labeled B-13 with NBD (4-nitro-benzo[1,2,5]oxadiazole) conserving its antibacterial activity. By confocal microscope, we showed that this compound binds to S. gordonii cell surface and this was also demonstrated by HPLC analysis. By adhering to cell surface, B-13 induced cell wall disruption leading to the release of bacterial constituents and consequently, the death of S. gordonii, a Gram-positive bacterium. The expression of two genes, murA and alr, implicated in cell wall synthesis, was modified in the presence of this butyrolactone. Gram-negative bacteria such as P. gingivalis showed also cracked and ruptured cells in the presence of B-13, suggesting that this butyrolactone acts on Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains, but with greater efficacy against the Gram-negatives. Besides, we also demonstrated that the analogue of B-13, B-12, has also induced disruption of P. gingivalis and S. gordonii. All these studies demonstrated that butyrolactones derived from a lichen metabolite can be proposed as potent antibacterial agents against oral pathogens causing serious medical complications
42
Moscowitz, David. "Nice Jewish boys : trope, identity, and politics in the rhetorical representation of contemporary tough Jews /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3162253.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, 2004.<br>Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 66-01, Section: A, page: 0031. Adviser: Robert L. Ivie. Title from dissertation home page (viewed Oct. 12, 2006).
43
CABIDDU, GIANLUIGI. "Bottom-up proteomics: investigating the potential of the salivary proteome as a source of Schizophrenia biomarkers, and exploration of the protein composition of the oral mucosal pellicle." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/284374.
Full textAbstract:
The work presented in this thesis describes the bottom-up mass spectrometry-based techniques which have been applied to saliva samples in order to identify potential biomarkers of Schizophrenia and to characterize the protein composition of salivary film adhering to oral surface. Bidimensional electrophoretic analysis of 17 saliva samples from adult schizophrenic subjects and 17 healthy subjects, combined whit mass spectrometry allowed the identification of different glycolytic enzymes, such as phosphoglycerate kinase 1, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and alpha enolase, with a reduced concentration levels in schizophrenic patients. The altered levels of the glycolytic enzymes may lead to an imbalance in the pathways involved in energy production and in a massive oxidative stress that appears to be a central feature in schizophrenia. In addition, also annexin A2 showed a reduced level in schizophrenic patients and its possible role as a ROS scavenging molecule, due to the presence of a -Cys reactive residue in its structure, may be relevant in schizophrenia since this disease is often associated with a high oxidative stress. Protein S100 A12, often found increased in the serum of patients suffering from neurodegenerative or inflammatory diseases, displayed an increased level in our analysis of schizophrenic saliva samples, in accordance with the data previously obtained by the top-down proteomic analysis on the acid-soluble fraction of saliva. Interleukin-36-α, a potent activator of various chemokines and cytokines such as IL-6, often present at higher concentration in the serum of schizophrenic patients, showed increased levels in our analysis of schizophrenic saliva samples.
Oral mucosal pellicle is a thin layer of salivary proteins lining epithelial oral cells. This layer is involved in oral health by protection from bacterial colonization and maintaining lubrication and it also participates to taste perception. In terms of protein composition, current data based on experiments in vivo highlight the presence of specific salivary components such as S-type Cystatins, Mucins (5B and 7), CAVI and secretory IgA. However, to our knowledge, the mucosal pellicle composition has not been thoroughly described using a proteomic approach. To perform such a characterization, we used a cell model based on TR146 cells that are suitable as a model of oral epithelium. This cell line was stably transfected in order to express MUC1, which can improve MUC5B adhesion on buccal cells. This model presents the advantage of forming the mucosal pellicle if exposed to human saliva. The aim of our work was therefore to isolate and characterize the protein composition of the mucosal pellicle formed in vitro on both TR146 and TR146/MUC1 cells, and to compare by nano-LC MS/MS the mucosal pellicle proteome with the salivary proteome. In this work we present a suitable method for the in vitro isolation of the mucosal pellicle by “shaving” it from the cells using trypsin, which also detaches the cells from the culture plate but does not induce cellular lysis, allowing the subsequent separation of cells and the pellicle. Our analyses on pellicles proteome confirmed the presence of specific salivary proteins in the pellicle like MUC7, but also revealed the adsorption of other proteins onto cells such as BPI fold-containing family B member 1, which was not previously reported in the pellicle composition. To conclude this thesis presents the proteomic mass spectrometry analysis applied to the study of human saliva which demonstrates the versatility of mass spectrometry and has highlighted areas of clinical medicine and oral health where proteomics and a personalized biomedical approach could be further investigated.
44
Desai, Meera Jay. "Development of Chiral LC-MS Methods for small Molecules and Their Applications in the Analysis of Enantiomeric Composition and Pharmacokinetic Studies." Ames, Iowa : Oak Ridge, Tenn. : Ames Laboratory ; distributed by the Office of Scientific and Technical Information, U.S. Dept. of Energy, 2004. http://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/837266-GaBf1y/webviewable/.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph.D.); Submitted to Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA (US); 19 Dec 2004.<br>Published through the Information Bridge: DOE Scientific and Technical Information. "IS-T 2134" Meera Jay Desai. US Department of Energy 12/19/2004. Report is also available in paper and microfiche from NTIS.
45
Meurs, Marie-Jean. "Approche stochastique bayésienne de la composition sémantique pour les modules de compréhension automatique de la parole dans les systèmes de dialogue homme-machine." Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00634269.
Full textAbstract:
Les systèmes de dialogue homme-machine ont pour objectif de permettre un échange oral efficace et convivial entre un utilisateur humain et un ordinateur. Leurs domaines d'applications sont variés, depuis la gestion d'échanges commerciaux jusqu'au tutorat ou l'aide à la personne. Cependant, les capacités de communication de ces systèmes sont actuellement limités par leur aptitude à comprendre la parole spontanée. Nos travaux s'intéressent au module de compréhension de la parole et présentent une proposition entièrement basée sur des approches stochastiques, permettant l'élaboration d'une hypothèse sémantique complète. Notre démarche s'appuie sur une représentation hiérarchisée du sens d'une phrase à base de frames sémantiques. La première partie du travail a consisté en l'élaboration d'une base de connaissances sémantiques adaptée au domaine du corpus d'expérimentation MEDIA (information touristique et réservation d'hôtel). Nous avons eu recours au formalisme FrameNet pour assurer une généricité maximale à notre représentation sémantique. Le développement d'un système à base de règles et d'inférences logiques nous a ensuite permis d'annoter automatiquement le corpus. La seconde partie concerne l'étude du module de composition sémantique lui-même. En nous appuyant sur une première étape d'interprétation littérale produisant des unités conceptuelles de base (non reliées), nous proposons de générer des fragments sémantiques (sous-arbres) à l'aide de réseaux bayésiens dynamiques. Les fragments sémantiques générés fournissent une représentation sémantique partielle du message de l'utilisateur. Pour parvenir à la représentation sémantique globale complète, nous proposons et évaluons un algorithme de composition d'arbres décliné selon deux variantes. La première est basée sur une heuristique visant à construire un arbre de taille et de poids minimum. La seconde s'appuie sur une méthode de classification à base de séparateurs à vaste marge pour décider des opérations de composition à réaliser. Le module de compréhension construit au cours de ce travail peut être adapté au traitement de tout type de dialogue. Il repose sur une représentation sémantique riche et les modèles utilisés permettent de fournir des listes d'hypothèses sémantiques scorées. Les résultats obtenus sur les données expérimentales confirment la robustesse de l'approche proposée aux données incertaines et son aptitude à produire une représentation sémantique consistante
46
Schinköthe, Jan [Verfasser]. "Experimental oral infection of goats with Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis: Pathomorphological characterization of lesions in different courses of disease with special focus on cellular composition of granulomas / Jan Schinköthe." Hannover : Bibliothek der Tierärztlichen Hochschule Hannover, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1080867880/34.
Full text
47
Chevalier, Marlène. "Validation d'un extrait innovant de Solidago virgaurea : inhibition de la conversion levure-filament et de la formation du biofilm à Candida albicans." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0168/document.
Full textAbstract:
Les levures du genre Candida provoquent 70 à 90% des infections fongiques invasives chez l’Homme. Candida albicans est l’espèce de levure la plus souvent isolée et la plus pathogène au niveau de la cavité orale. Cette levure présente des facteurs de virulence multiples, notamment une capacité à modifier sa morphologie (dimorphisme), des adhésines servant à la reconnaissance de l’hôte, la sécrétion de phospholipases et d’aspartyl protéases et une capacité à former des biofilms. L’augmentation constante des infections fongiques et des résistances aux antifongiques, des effets secondaires et du coût des traitements, justifie la recherche de nouvelles molécules actives contre les biofilms impliquant des levures. Après une revue de la littérature sur les modèles de biofilms oraux, nous avons étudié l’effet d’un extrait végétal de Solidago virgaurea sur C. albicans. Une première étude a montré que l’extrait, par ailleurs dépourvu d’effet antibactérien, pouvait agir sur le champignon en : 1) empêchant la conversion de levures en hyphes, 2) inhibant la formation de biofilm, et 3) en dissociant le biofilm déjà formé. La deuxième étude visait à comprendre le mode d’action de cet extrait. Elle a montré que l’extrait de S. virgaurea inhibait l’expression de protéines impliquées dans l’adhésion et la filamentation. Par ailleurs, il exerce un effet synergique sur l’élimination du biofilm lorsqu’il est combiné à des antifongiques. L’ensemble de ces résultats positionne l’extrait de S. virgaurea en candidat prometteur pour une approche innovante du traitement topique des candidoses cutanéomuqueuses<br>Candida yeast cause 70 to 90 % of human invasive fungal infections. In the oral cavity, Candida albicans is the most frequently isolated the most pathogenic species. This yeast has multiple virulence factors, including the capacity to alter its morphology (dimorphism), adhesins for host-recognition, the secretion of phospholipases and aspartyl proteases, and the ability to form biofilms. The search for new anti-biofilms drugs and, in particular, those targeting biofilm involving yeast is justified by the constantly increasing incidence of fungal infections and antifungal resistance, treatments side effects and costs. We first reviewed the literature regarding oral biofilm models. Then, we studied the effect of a Solidago virgaurea extract against C. albicans. A first study showed that this extract, which has no antibacterial effect, could act on the fungus in several ways, including: 1) inhibiting yeast-to-hypha transition, 2) inhibiting biofilm formation, and 3) disrupting existing biofilm. The second study aimed to understand the mode of action of this extract. It showed that it might act via the down-regulation of proteins involved in yeast adhesion and filamentation. Furthermore, it acted in synergy with antifungals to eliminate biofilm. Overall, these findings indicate that this S. virgaurea extract is a promising candidate for an innovative approach of superficial candidiasis topical therapy
48
Ferreira, Raquel Linares. "O gênero crônica e suas peculiaridades tipológicas: texto e discurso nas modalidades oral e escrita." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2016. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/14379.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T19:34:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Raquel Linares Ferreira.pdf: 334496 bytes, checksum: c7a4e201bf5eee222c2a29bf4ff7b1b1 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2016-02-24<br>Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico<br>This work has as its object of analysis the typological peculiarities present in chronicle a written discursive genre. We will treat genre as a multidimensional phenomenon. We are aiming to a social and interactional investigation with the language. We will analyze the textual occurrences that characterize the chronicle genre of discourse; the detailing and deepening of its occurrence peculiarities, depending upon its circulation and social consumption. This work has as its theme the observation of the chronicle genre and their typological peculiarities. We have made the analysis of the corpus with the application of theoretical fundamentation in order to prove the typological differences of reflective, lyrical and humoristic chronicle, analyzing the thematics, verbal style and the peculiarities of the compositional form, suitable to differentiate and characterize them .The basis for description of the discourse genre is founded on scholars such as Luiz Antônio Marcuschi (2003) Textual Production, Genre Analysis and Understanding, Bakhtin (1992, 1997, 2003), & Dolz. Schneuwly (2004, p. 116), Meurer (2000, 2005). The approaches of the perspectives of the genre of discourse are grounded in the article of author Rodrigo Costa. To approach the concept of discursive genres, particularly the chronicle genre and its characteristics, we had look for support in Coutinho (1976,1978,1997), Coaracy (1961), Arrigucci (1987), Sa (1985), Beltran (1992), Candide ( 1980), Fargoni (1993), Konzen (2002), Moses (1987), rabbit (2002), Cony (2002), Mello (2002) and Fávero (2005) among others.
The result of the analysis presents, in fact, the occurrence of the typologies mentioned in the chronicles, both in relation to the textual occurrences and the thematic strategies, verbal style and compositional structure and linguistic resources of orality (dialogues) built into the literature<br>Este trabalho tem como alvo de análise as peculiaridades tipológicas presentes na crônica - gênero discursivo escrito. Trataremos o gênero como um fenômeno multidimensional. Objetivamos investigação sócio-interacionista sobre a linguagem. Analisaremos as ocorrências textuais que caracterizam o gênero do discurso crônica; o detalhamento e aprofundamento de suas peculiaridades de ocorrência, dependendo de sua circulação e de seu consumo social. Este trabalho tem como tema o gênero crônica e suas peculiaridades tipológicas. Efetuamos a análise do corpus com a aplicação da fundamentação teórica, a fim de comprovarmos as diferenças tipológicas da crônica reflexiva, lírica e humorística, analisando as temáticas, o estilo verbal e as peculiaridades da forma composicional, próprios para diferenciá-las e caracterizá-las. A base para descrição do gênero do discurso fundamenta-se em estudiosos como, Luiz Antônio Marcuschi (2003) Produção Textual, Análise de gêneros e compreensão, Bakhtin (1992, 1997, 2003), Dolz &. Schneuwly (2004, p. 116), Meurer (2000, 2005). As abordagens das perspectivas do gênero do discurso estão pautadas no artigo do autor Rodrigo Costa. Para abordarmos o conceito de gêneros discursivos, especialmente do gênero crônica e suas características, buscamos apoio em Coutinho (1976,1978,1997), Coaracy (1961), Arrigucci (1987), Sá (1985), Beltrão(1992), Cândido (1980), Fargoni (1993), Konzen (2002), Moisés (1987), Coelho(2002), Cony(2002), Melo(2002) e Fávero (2005) entre outros.O resultado das análises apresenta, de fato, a ocorrência das tipologias referidas nas crônicas tanto em relação às ocorrências textuais quanto das estratégias temáticas, estilo verbal e estrutura composicionall e nos recursos linguísticos da oralidade (diálogos) construídos na literatura
49
Filipan, Rhonda S. "Shouting from the Basement and Re-Conceptualizing Power: A Feminist Oral History of Contingent Women Faculty Activists in U.S. Higher Education." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1394049837.
Full text
50
Baird, Pauline Felicia. "Towards A Cultural Rhetorics Approach to Caribbean Rhetoric: African Guyanese Women from the Village of Buxton Transforming Oral History." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1458317632.
Full text