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Journal articles on the topic 'Composits with waste'
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1
Nurhanisa, Mega, and Mikrajuddin Abdullah. "Development of Statues from Domestic Waste Composites Coated with Carboneus Phosphor Materials." Advanced Materials Research 1112 (July 2015): 406–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1112.406.
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Various attempts have been made to solve problems of abundant solid wastes in big cities. One approach is the utilization of domestic waste to make composite materials, such as particle board. To increase the attractiveness of the product in this study we develop prototypes of statues using composites of domestic solid wastes and then coated the statues using carboneus phosphor material to produce artistic color under ultraviolet illumination. The composite materials were derived from domestic waste such as leaves, paper, and plastics as a filler and polyvinil acetate as a matrix. The coated material was a luminescent colloidal carbon particles that have been synthesized from urea ((NH2)2CO) and citric acid (C6H8O7) using a simple heating method. The colloidan carbon emits a luminescence peak at around 457 nm (blue color) under UV illumination. The produced statue from the domectic wastes composites we simply coated by a mixture of epoxy resin and phosphor material. Under UV light, the statue surface shows a bluish white luminescence.
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Surtiyeni, Neni, Raidha Rahmadani, Neny Kurniasih, Khairurrijal, and Mikrajuddin Abdullah. "A Fire-Retardant Composite Made from Domestic Waste and PVA." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7516278.
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We report the synthesis of a composite from domestic waste with the strength of wood building materials. We used original domestic waste with only a simple pretreatment to reduce the processing cost. The wastes were composed of organic components (generally originating from foods), paper, plastics, and clothes; the average fraction of each type of waste mirrored the corresponding fractions of wastes in the city of Bandung, Indonesia. An initial survey of ten landfills scattered through Bandung was conducted to determine the average fraction of each component in the waste. The composite was made using a hot press. A large number of synthesis parameters were tested to determine the optimum ones. The measured mechanical strength of the produced composite approached the mechanical properties of wood building materials. A fire-retardant powder was added to retard fire so that the composite could be useful for the construction of residential homes of lower-income people who often have problems with fire. Fire tests showed that the composites were more resistant to fire than widely used wood building materials.
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Tuna Kayili, Merve, Gülser Çelebi, and Abdulmecit Guldas. "MORPHOLOGICAL, MECHANICAL, THERMAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS: RECYCLED LDPE COMPOSITES FILLED BY BLAST FURNACE DUST." Journal of Green Building 15, no. 3 (June 1, 2020): 159–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.15.3.159.
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ABSTRACT This study focused on developing a sustainable composite material using metallic wastes of the iron-steel industry and plastic wastes of the plastic industry in order to reduce resultant waste from the production processes of various industrial products and to sustain waste management of these industries. In this study, different amounts of blast furnace dust (BFD), which is the major iron-steel industry waste and is used as filler for recycled low-density polyethylene (LDPE), was mixed with LDPE to produce the composite material. The morphology, mechanical, vicat softening temperature thermal conductivity, hardness and wear resistance properties of BFD filled LDPE composites were assessed. The increasing of BFD in recycled LDPE improved the heat resistance, increased thermal conductivity and wear resistance of composite materials. In addition, it was found that the composite materials had sufficient mechanical properties, when mechanical tests were evaluated. These results showed that the produced composite material could be used in buildings as a floor coating material and thereby saving raw materials and resources, as well as potentially reducing environmental problems.
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Olusunmade, Olusola Femi, Sunday Zechariah, and Taofeek Ayotunde Yusuf. "CHARACTERIZATION OF RECYCLED LINEAR DENSITY POLYETHYLENE/IMPERATA CYLINDRICA PARTICULATE COMPOSITES." Acta Polytechnica 58, no. 3 (July 2, 2018): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ap.2018.58.0195.
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Water-sachets made from low density polyethylene (LDPE) form a bulk of plastic wastes which creates environmental challenges, while certain species of plants like Imperata cylindrica constitute large portion of weeds on farm lands. As a technological approach to the reduction and utilization of these materials, composites of Imperata cylindrica (IC) particulate and synthetic polymer (from recycled waste water-sachets) were produced and evaluated for several mechanical and physical properties. The production of the composites and testing were done using the standard methods available in the literature. The results showed an increase in tensile modulus, hardness, impact strength, and water absorption of the composite in comparison with unreinforced polymer, as the IC particulate loading increased from 5 wt% to 30 wt%. However, there was a decrease in tensile strength, percentage elongation at break and density of the composite as the particulate loading increased from 5 wt% to 30 wt%. The combination of the recycled waste water-sachets and IC particulate is really promising for composites development. This creates opportunities to reduce LDPE wastes and add economic importance to an otherwise agricultural menace. It will mean creating an economic value from “wastes”.
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Klushin, Victor, Denis Tokarev, Vera Kashparova, Svetlana Kolesnik, and Ivan Brink. "Fully Renewable Composites Based on Agricultural Waste." Key Engineering Materials 899 (September 8, 2021): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.899.86.
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In the present work, composite materials with a two wastes - waste goose feather as a filler and resinous waste from HMF production as a binder - have been developed. The mechanical properties and water sorption in dependence with feather/HMF resin composite content were studied. The composites containing 50% of feather have high strength properties up to 46 N/mm2 and low water sorption (lower 1%), which results in high water resistance. Due to these properties, they can become an excellent alternative to urea-formaldehyde resins and plastics based on them.
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Kolyada, Lyudmila G., A. V. Smirnova, and Elena V. Tarasyuk. "Development of New Composite Materials from Tetra Pak Packaging Waste." Solid State Phenomena 316 (April 2021): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.316.3.
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Technological parameters of receiving composites from Tetra Pak packaging waste are determined in the work. Physical - mechanical characteristics of the received composites are defined. The analysis of the received results showed that composites from Tetra Pak packaging waste have loose structure and lower strength properties, in comparison with cardboard. Introduction of polyvinyl acetate (PVA) suspension leads to an increase in density of composites and strength properties. Tensile strength increases by 1,9 times, but doesn't reach the level of tensile strength of cardboard composites. Application of hot pressing results in formation of denser composite, thus, tensile strength of a sample increases by 2,8 times. Cumulative effect of PVA glue and hot pressing leads to an increase of composite tensile strength by 5,9 times. It becomes significantly higher than the similar characteristic for a packing cardboard. According to the realized complete factorial (CF), the adequate regression equation was received. It shows that the strength of Tetra Pak wastes composites, in a greater degree, depends on the concentration of PVA suspension.
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Sivakumar, Venkatasubramanian, and Resmi Mohan. "Sustainable Solid Waste Management in Leather and Textile Industry." Textile & leather review 3, no. 2 (June 16, 2020): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31881/tlr.2020.04.
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Proper disposal methods and solid waste management are necessary for all the processing industries such as leather, textile and chemical industry. In this regard, the present paper reviews in detail about the leather and textile waste fibre-polymer composites and nanocomposites as a viable solid waste management strategy. In the paper, several published papers and patents available in this area are reviewed in detail. This approach adopts confinement of leather or textile waste fibres in a polymer matrix as a composite. Nanocomposites of leather waste fibre and polymer with nano-particle reinforcement have been reported to have enhanced physical and other properties. This would not only solve the problem of the disposal issue regarding leather solid wastes containing leather or textile waste fibres, but also provide versatile composite or nanocomposite materials as “Wealth from Waste Approach”. The unique feature of the present analysis and the review paper is that both leather and textile waste management have been covered in the present approach for the first time.
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Dwivedi, Shashi Prakash, and Garima Dwivedi. "Utilization of recycled hazardous waste bagasse as reinforcement to develop green composite material." World Journal of Engineering 17, no. 3 (April 1, 2020): 399–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wje-03-2019-0069.
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Purpose In the current scenario, air pollution and soil pollution from the industries wastes are one of the major problems all over the world. Further, disposal of these wastes from industries are very costly. However, several attempts were carried out by various researchers in the past to use these wastes. One of the most common waste products is bagasse from sugar industries. These hazardous bagasse wastes lead to air and soil pollution. This study aims to recycle bagasse waste in the development of aluminium base composite as partial replacement of ceramic particles. Design/methodology/approach In the present investigation, recycled bagasse waste was used in the development of aluminium base composite as partial replacement of ceramic particles such as SiC, Al2O3 and B4C. Production industries of these ceramic particles (SiC, B4C and Al2O3) emit huge amount of greenhouse gases such as N2O3, CH4, CO2 and H2O. These green house gases produce lots of environment problem. Furthermore, production of these ceramic particles is also costly. AA6061 aluminium alloy was taken as matrix material. Composite material was developed using the stir casting technique. Findings Microstructure results showed proper distribution of bagasse ash and MgO powder in the aluminium base metal matrix composite. It was notified from analysis that minimum corrosion loss and minimum porosity were found for Al/2.5% bagasse ash/12.5% MgO powder composite. For the same composition, hardness and thermal expansion were also observed better as compared to other selected compositions. However, density and cost of composites continuously decrease by increasing percentage of bagasse ash in development of composite. Originality/value Results showed about 11.30% improvement in tensile strength, 11.64% improvement in specific strength and 40% improvement in hardness by using bagasse ash as reinforcement with MgO powder in development of aluminium base composite.
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Kiliç, Eylem, Quim Tarrés, Marc Delgado-Aguilar, Xavier Espinach, Pere Fullana-i-Palmer, and Rita Puig. "Leather Waste to Enhance Mechanical Performance of High-Density Polyethylene." Polymers 12, no. 9 (September 3, 2020): 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12092016.
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Leather buffing dust (BF) is a waste from tannery which is usually disposed on landfills. The interest in using wastes as fillers or reinforcements for composites has raised recently due to environmental concerns. This study investigates the potential use of BF waste as filler for a high density polyethylene matrix (HDPE). A series of HDPE-BF composites, containing filler concentrations ranging from 20 to 50wt%, were formulated, injection molded and tested. The effect of filler contents on the mechanical properties of the composites were evaluated and discussed. Composites with BF contents up to 30wt% improved the tensile strength and Young’s modulus of the matrix, achieving similar mechanical properties to polypropylene (PP). In the case of flexural strength, it was found to be proportionally enhanced by increasing reinforcement content, maintaining high impact strength. These composites present great opportunities for PP application areas that require higher impact resistance. The materials were submitted to a series of closed-loop recycling cycles in order to assess their recyclability, being able to maintain better tensile strength than virgin HDPE after 5 cycles. The study develops new low-cost and sustainable composites by using a waste as composite filler.
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Vachnina, T. N., I. V. Susoeva, A. A. Titunin, and S. V. Tsybakin. "Unused Plant Waste and Thermal Insulation Composition Boards on their Basis." Key Engineering Materials 887 (May 2021): 480–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.887.480.
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Many plant wastes are not currently used in production, they are disposed of in landfills or incinerated. The aim of this study is to develop a composite thermal insulation material from unused spinning waste of flax and cotton fibers and soft wood waste. Samples of thermal insulation materials from plant waste were made by drying using the technology of production of soft wood fiber boards. For composite board defined physico-mechanical characteristics and thermal conductivity. The experiment was carried out according to a second-order plan, regression models of the dependences of the material indicators on the proportion of the binder additive, drying temperature and the proportion of wood waste additives were developed. The study showed that composites from unused spinning waste of plant fibers and soft wood waste have the necessary strength under static bending, the swelling in thickness after staying in water is much lower in comparison with the performance of boards from other plant fillers. The coefficient of thermal conductivity of the boards is comparable with the indicator for mineral wool boards.
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Canbaz, Mehmet, İlkay Kara, and İlker Bekir Topçu. "Effect of high temperature on the mechanical behavior of cement-bonded wood composite produced with wood waste." Challenge Journal of Structural Mechanics 7, no. 1 (March 12, 2021): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.20528/cjsmec.2021.01.005.
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The increase in the population day by day and urbanization has led to a rapid increase in the construction sector. With the increase in demand in construction, the product types of building materials are increasing. It is seen that wastes are formed during and after the production of the materials used in the building. This highlights studies on waste management and recycling of waste. After construction activities, wastes are recycled or converted to secondary products. One of these is wood waste, a traditional building material. In addition to the production of wood furniture, it is used in various areas from the beginning of construction to the end of the building. In this study, sawdust, which is the waste of a woodworking company, was used. Utilizing the advantages of wood, recyclable and sustainable cement bonded wood composite production practices have been explored. It is aimed to produce nature and environment friendly, ecological and economic and durable composite materials. In this research, it is aimed to determine the optimum ratio by using different ratios of sawdust-cement while keeping the water-cement ratio constant in production. The specimens taken from the production were exposed to high temperature after gaining strength. The strength results, unit weights and ultrasonic pulse velocity results of cement bonded wood composite samples exposed to high temperature were examined. Although cement bonded wood composites are exposed to high temperatures such as 400°C, it has been observed that strength is achieved. With this study, an alternative area was proposed for the evaluation of these wastes.
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Judawisastra, Hermawan, Fella Falencia, and Akbar H. D. Abdullah. "Effects of Processing Temperature and Chemical Treatment on Tensile Strength of Kenaf Fiber - Reinforced Polypropylene Waste Composites." Key Engineering Materials 471-472 (February 2011): 963–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.471-472.963.
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In this research, the influence of processing temperatures and fiber chemical treatments to mechanical properties of polypropylene (PP) waste – kenaf fiber composites was investigated. Results from experimental and theoretical calculation of composite tensile strength were compared. The composites were made of PP wastes and unidirectional kenaf fiber, and manufactured by hot press molding. The processing temperature variations were 175 oC, 185oC and 195 oC. The chemical treatment used were alkaline and permanganate treatment. Kenaf fiber – PP composites were successfully made with the void volume fraction less than 5%, maximum fiber volume fraction 48% and maximum longitudinal tensile strength 110 MPa or 238% higher than PP’s strength. For non- and alkali treated fiber composites, 185oC was the optimum processing temperature. Elevated processing temperature up to 195oC could decrease composite strength due to the degradation of fiber-matrix interface. The effect of permanganate treatment did not significantly affect the composites strength. However, the improvement of interfacial properties at elevated temperature was found by the use of permanganate treatment.
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Gao, Hua, Qing Wen Wang, Hai Gang Wang, and Yong Ming Song. "Properties of Highly Filled Wood Fiber-Maleic Anhydride Grafted Thermoplastic Blends Composites." Advanced Materials Research 113-116 (June 2010): 1856–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.113-116.1856.
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In order to make high performance wood-plastic composites (WPCs) from wood-fiber and mixed plastic wastes, virgin resins were compounded to simulate mixed plastic wastes, which included polypropylene, polyethylene and/or polystyrene, then grafted with maleic anhydride (MAH) by reactive extrusion. Highly filled WPCs were prepared by extruding. Mechanical testing results showed that the mechanical properties of the composites based on grafted virgin and waste plastics both significantly enhanced. The compatibility between the different plastics in the blend system and the interfacial adhesion between wood fibers and the blends were both improved with the modification of the blends, as evidenced by SEM. For the composites based on MAH grafted plastics, the water absorption and thickness swell decreased, which is true for the composite made from both virgin and recycled plastics. This blending-grafting modification method can be considered as a feasible approach to use mixed plastic wastes in the manufacture of high performance WPCs.
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Eires, Rute, Aires Camões, and Saíd Jalali. "New Eco-Friendly Gypsum Materials for Civil Construction." Materials Science Forum 587-588 (June 2008): 908–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.587-588.908.
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The sustainable world’s economic growth and people’s life improvement greatly depend on the use of alternative products in the architecture and construction, such as industrial wastes conventionally called “green materials”. This paper concerns the main results of an experimental work carried out with the objective of developing new composite materials based on gypsum and incorporating waste material as granulated cork, a by-product of cork industry, and cellulose fibres, a waste of paper industry. Such materials are intended to be used as composite boards for non structural elements of construction, such as dry walls and ceiling. Cork (bark of the plant Quercus Suber L), a substance largely produced in Portugal, is a material whose characteristics are of considerable interest for the construction industry. It is regarded as a strategic material with enormous potential by its reduced density, elasticity, compressibility, waterproof, vibration absorption, thermal and acoustic insulation efficiency [1]. During the first stage of this research work the gypsum binder and its properties were studied. Then, composites with mineral additions (added to increase the waterproofing and resistance) were also developed and submitted to tests to determine their physical and mechanical properties. In last stage, reinforced composites using different industrial by-products have been developed. This paper will present the properties and the manufacture methods used to produce the above mentioned eco-friendly composites that can ease ways for using industrial wastes as new construction materials, with excellent inherent thermal and acoustic properties.
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Nie, Xiaolin, Andrews Boakye, Zhihong Jia, and Pibo Ma. "The mechanical properties of the multi-axial warp-knit/resin matrix composite containing powder waste." Journal of Industrial Textiles 47, no. 5 (September 16, 2016): 741–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083716670312.
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Extensive use of composite materials leads to an increase in waste materials. Therefore, it is necessary to find a proper way to recycle the composites. In this research, the powder waste of carbon-epoxy resin composites collected from the cutting and grinding process have been added into glass fiber reinforced phenolic resin composite during the preparation process in order to enhance some mechanical characteristics. Thermal behavior, tensile and flexural properties of adding powder composites have been analyzed. Results show that adding powder waste in a certain proportional range can improve the performance of the new composites.
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Barakhtenko, Vyacheslav V., Tatiana H. Sahabutdinova, and Yury V. Novikov. "Comparative Analysis of the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Composites with Functional Fillers Based on Waste." Defect and Diffusion Forum 410 (August 17, 2021): 668–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.410.668.
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The article is devoted to research in the development of composite materials based on polyvinyl chloride and industrial waste from the metallurgical, energy and mining industries. The properties of dispersed waste have been studied, which make it possible to speak of the possibility of their use as fillers for polymer compositions. A comparative analysis of the tested physical and mechanical properties is carried out, depending on the characteristics of the particle size of the fillers. It was revealed that from the point of view of construction materials, all the wastes under study can be used as fillers. The development will make it possible to dispose of industrial waste to obtain useful products and save natural non-metallic materials used in the creation of composites.
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Ezerskiy, V., N. V. Kuznetsova, and A. D. Seleznev. "Justification of the Water-Cement Ratio Decision for Cement Mixtures Using CBPB Wastes." Materials Science Forum 945 (February 2019): 1009–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.945.1009.
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An unconventional approach to the design of cement mixtures with the addition of cement bonded particle board (CBPB) production waste is presented, which is characterized by high water consumption. For various compositions of fine-grained concrete prepared in accordance with the simplex-lattice design of the experiment, compressive strength and bending, as well as density of the samples, depending on the mixture factors, were researched. The fractions of CBPB wastes, water and sand at constant cement consumption were chosen as the influencing factors. For practical purposes, related to the design of cement composite compositions with the addition of CBPB wastes and with the determination of optimal values of the selected factors, mathematical models have been constructed on the basis of laboratory experiment data and with their help, the optimal ratios of components in the mixture have been determined. It was found that the content of water for the mixture mixing in the mixture has a significant effect on the strength characteristics of composites: increase of the strength of materials with a decrease in the water-cement ratio is a characteristic for compositions with the minimum amount of CBPB waste; increasing the content of the CBPB waste in the mixture the increase of the water-cement ratio leads to gain in strength. Optimal ratios of the mixture components providing maximum utilization of CBPB waste without loss of strength of composites are given.
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Kuru, D., A. Akpinar Borazan, and M. Guru. "Effect of chicken feather and boron compounds as filler on mechanical and flame retardancy properties of polymer composite materials." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 36, no. 11 (October 15, 2018): 1029–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x18804041.
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Sustainable utilisation of solid waste has been influenced by the increasing population of the world. Benefits of using solid waste based on natural fibre in polymer material are biodegradability and cost effectiveness. In poultry farms, chicken poultry, one of the slaughterhouse wastes is confronted with 30 106 kg of waste per year in Turkey. The evaluation of this waste, which is quite rich in keratin, is extremely important both for the solution of the waste problem and for maintaining a clean environment, bringing this valuable material to the economy. These fibres are stable, durable and biodegradable because they have a crystalline structure. However, this valuable waste will have a positive effect when used together with boron minerals, which both increase the mechanical properties, flame retardancy and biodegradation of composite material. In this study, it is the aim to manufacture superior polyester-based composite materials reinforced with three kinds of boron minerals, such as boron oxide, borax pentahydrate, borax decahydrate and fibres recycled from waste chicken feathers. The effect of different filling ratios of filling materials on the mechanical and physical properties of composite materials was examined. Flame retardancy properties of the composites with best mechanical results were investigated. After pouring by means of the pre-casting process, the water absorption and swelling thickness of final products, as well as density, bending strength, flexural modulus, limiting oxygen index, thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscope analysis, was performed. Mixing prescriptions and conditions with the best properties were determined.
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Gomes de Paula, Paula, Rubén Jesus Sánchez Rodríguez, Luís Philipe Rangel Duarte, Verônica Scarpini Cândido, and Sergio Neves Monteiro. "Formulation and Characterization of Polypropylene Composites Alkali Treated Bagasse Fiber." Materials Science Forum 775-776 (January 2014): 319–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.775-776.319.
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Polymer composites reinforced with natural fiber that were obtained as industrial wastes, are of particular interest due to both the environmental benefits and economical advantages. In the present work sugarcane bagasse fibers, obtained as a waste from sugar and ethanol production, were incorporated in an amount of 25wt% into a polypropylene matrix. These fibers were previously alkali treated with NaOH to improve their adherence to the composite matrix. Thermal analyses were conducted in both types of composites, with untreated fibers and with alkali treated fiber. The result indicated that the alkali treatment improves the compatibility between the bagasse fiber and the polypropylene matrix, which then provides more thermal resistance.
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Ribeiro, Carlos Eduardo Gomes, Rubén Jesus Sanchez Rodriguez, Carlos Mauricio Fontes Vieira, Eduardo Atem de Carvalho, Veronica Scarpini Candido, and Sergio Neves Monteiro. "Production of Synthetic Ornamental Marble as a Marble Waste Added Polyester Composite." Materials Science Forum 775-776 (January 2014): 341–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.775-776.341.
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The worldwide demand for ornamental stones in building construction is motivating the use of their wastes, generated during fabrication, to produce synthetic stones. This work has as its objective to investigate the production of a synthetic ornamental marble (SOM) under vacuum and vibro-compression processing of a polyester matrix composite with addition of marble waste as a filler. Rectangular SOM composite plates were subjected to compression and flexural mechanical tests. Samples were analyzed to obtain the density, water absorption, and microstructure. The SOM composites presented properties within the expected range of an artificial stone, which indicates that the applied process is suitable for production of this type of material.
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Nimmagadda, Vijaya Kumar, M. M. M. Sarcar, and Ramji Koona. "Investigation of Dielectric Properties of Industrial Waste Reinforced Particulate Polymer Composites." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/319741.
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Environmental awareness today motivates the worldwide researchers on the studies of industrial waste reinforced polymer composites. Rapid industrialization has resulted in the generation of huge quantity of solid and liquid wastes such as sugar, paper and pulp, fruit and food processing, distilleries, dairies, and poultries. The redundancy of industrial waste and government regulations have prompted researchers to try for industrial waste reinforced composites. Being low cost, ease of manufacturing, and high mechanical and other properties, an industrial waste represents a good alternative to the most common composites. In the present study, industrial wastes collected from different industries are used as particulate reinforcement in unsaturated polyester matrix and also in polypropylene and investigated dielectric properties. Results reveal that coupling agent treated composites produce improved dielectric strength due to improvement in compatibility between matrix and reinforcement interface. Results also reveal that industrial waste reinforced in polypropylene has more dielectric strength as compared to reinforcement in polyester.
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Hassan, Tufail, Hafsa Jamshaid, Rajesh Mishra, Muhammad Qamar Khan, Michal Petru, Jan Novak, Rostislav Choteborsky, and Monika Hromasova. "Acoustic, Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Green Composites Reinforced with Natural Fibers Waste." Polymers 12, no. 3 (March 13, 2020): 654. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12030654.
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The use of acoustic panels is one of the most important methods for sound insulation in buildings. Moreover, it has become increasingly important to use green/natural origin materials in this area to reduce environmental impact. This study focuses on the investigation of acoustic, mechanical and thermal properties of natural fiber waste reinforced green epoxy composites. Three different types of fiber wastes were used, e.g., cotton, coconut and sugarcane with epoxy as the resin. Different fiber volume fractions, i.e., 10%, 15% and 20% for each fiber were used with a composite thickness of 3 mm. The sound absorption coefficient, impact strength, flexural strength, thermal conductivity, diffusivity, coefficient of thermal expansion and thermogravimetric properties of all samples were investigated. It has been found that by increasing the fiber content, the sound absorption coefficient also increases. The coconut fiber-based composites show a higher sound absorption coefficient than in the other fiber-reinforced composites. The impact and flexural strength of the cotton fiber-reinforced composite samples are higher than in other samples. The coefficient of thermal expansion of the cotton fiber-based composite is also higher than the other composites. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that all the natural fiber-reinforced composites can sustain till 300 °C with a minor weight loss. The natural fiber-based composites can be used in building interiors, automotive body parts and household furniture. Such composite development is an ecofriendly approach to the acoustic world.
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Chi, Fei Fei, Yong Ling Yu, and Li Hua Lv. "The Technology of Manufacturing Waste Fiber and Flame Retardant TPU Composites by Mixed Hotpressing." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 3557–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.3557.
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For the large number of waste cotton/hemp blend fiber, the molding technology of manufacturing waste blend composites was designed and optimized by mixed hot pressing in this paper, and the mechanical properties of composites were analyzed. Through the orthogonal experiment, the optimum conditions were given as follows: cotton, hemp, TPU fiber composite: the ratio of waste blending fiber 40:60,hotpressing temperature180°C，the concentration of TPU 60%,hotpressing pressure 10Mpa,.The density of composite made by this condition was1.220 g/cm2. Under above conditions, the composites had the density 1.220g/cm2, the tensile strength32.30Mpa, the bending strength 28.51Mpa and the energy absorption of impact 37.25 KJ/m2, heat transfer coefficient 0.0018W/M•K.
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Gavrilov, M. A., and O. V. Tarakanov. "Rheological Properties of Asbestos Waste Filler-Based Epoxy Composite Materials." Key Engineering Materials 737 (June 2017): 231–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.737.231.
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Buildings and structures susceptible to aggressive environmental and industrial factors are often protected by composite materials. The latter most notably include polymer-based composites. The rheological properties of filled epoxy composites with fillers based on construction and chemical industries’ waste, as well as composites based on natural mineral material, have been researched and accessed. Optimal degrees of filling for such composites have been determined. Border values of filling have also been determined. Authors attempt to determine the dependencies of rheological properties upon the degree of filling and technological factors. The microstructure of epoxy composite materials has also been taken into consideration. The specific features of deformability processes in of epoxy composite materials have been predicted. The mathematical processing of test results has been carried out.
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Koleva, Milena, Venceslav Vassilev, and Gergo Vassilev. "Polymer composites containing waste dust from power production I. Influence of particles’ mechanical activation on composite’s strength characteristics." Macedonian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 27, no. 1 (June 15, 2008): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.20450/mjcce.2008.245.
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Polymer composites containing filler of waste dust from power production were studied. Waste particles were mechanically treated at room temperature for 30 minutes and the influence of mechanical activation on particles size distribution, chemical composition, and shape was established. Composites’ strength characteristics (bending, compressive and impact strength) were tested depending on the amount of waste dust in the composite. The optimal results were achieved at waste concentrations up to 10 wt. %.
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Sydow, Zuzanna, Mateusz Sydow, Łukasz Wojciechowski, and Krzysztof Bieńczak. "Tribological Performance of Composites Reinforced with the Agricultural, Industrial and Post-Consumer Wastes: A Review." Materials 14, no. 8 (April 9, 2021): 1863. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14081863.
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Waste management is still one of the leading global challenges in the 21st century. From the European Union’s point of view, the Waste Framework Directive obliges businesses and households to recycle at least 55% of their municipal waste by 2025 and to reach 65% in 2035. Hence there is a great need to seek new solutions for the reuse of various waste materials. One of the most widely used wastes is their utilization as fillers or reinforcements in the metal- or polymer-based composites. The reuse of wastes for the production of tribological materials gives not only environmental benefits related to the transformation of waste into raw materials but also may improve the mechanical and tribological properties of such materials. Moreover, the use of waste reduces the production costs resulting from the lower price of filler materials and longer service life of developed products. The purpose of the current review is, therefore, aimed at the evaluation of the reuse of agricultural, industrial and postconsumer wastes as reinforcements in the composites used for tribological applications. The tribological performance (wear rate, coefficient of friction) of both monolithic and hybrid composites reinforced with waste materials was a particular subject of interest in this review.
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Sulhadi, Susanto, Pradita Ajeng Wiguna, Meiriani Ismu Savitri, Muh Afis Nur Said, and Mahardika Prasetya Aji. "Heating Time Dependent Pore Size of Porous Composite from Waste Glass." Advanced Materials Research 1123 (August 2015): 397–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1123.397.
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Porous composites from waste glass were synthesized by simple heating process. The ability in the control of pore size was controlled by adjusting the time of melting point. In this study, the time of melting process was used a pore-forming agent in composite from waste glass. The composites from waste glass had been synthesized at 750οC with controllable of time 1, 2, and 3 hours. The characterization was showed by BET method. The composites from waste glass have decreased value of surface area. The composites with controllable of time 1, 2, and 3 hours, each other have 0.820 m2/g, 0.734 m2/g, and 0.445 m2/g. Porous composites from waste glass could be used in various applications, such as water filter.
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Mahapatra, Siba Sankar, and Saurav Datta. "Study of Wear Assessment and Optimization of Multiple Properties of Red Mud Filled Polyester Composites." Applied Mechanics and Materials 110-116 (October 2011): 1213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.110-116.1213.
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Polyester matrix composites reinforced by ceramic fillers have significantly better characteristics such as super wear resistance, high strength and low density than unreinforced materials. However, prohibitive costs and stability of properties pose challenge for the researchers in the process of development of composites. To address these issues, composites are being developed using waste materials as reinforcement for effective utilization of industrial wastes. The present investigation aims to develop red mud filled polyester composites (with different weight fraction) and characterize its mechanical and tribological properties. The engineering application of composites demands that it should have high wear resistance, low density and high tensile strength. In order to assess the behavior of composites satisfying multiple performance measures, grey-based Taguchi approach has been adopted in the present work. Optimal factor setting has been suggested to improve multiple responses viz., specific wear rate, density and tensile strength of the composite product. Optimal setting has been validated using confirmatory test.
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Pivák, Adam, Milena Pavlíková, Martina Záleská, Michal Lojka, Anna-Marie Lauermannová, Ondřej Jankovský, and Zbyšek Pavlík. "Low-Carbon Composite Based on MOC, Silica Sand and Ground Porcelain Insulator Waste." Processes 8, no. 7 (July 13, 2020): 829. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8070829.
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Magnesium oxychloride cement-based composites (MOC) with silica sand/porcelain waste blended fillers were designed and tested. The objective of the presented research was to design and test low carbon, eco-friendly and viable alternatives to Portland cement-based materials. To make new materials environmentally acceptable and sustainable, silica sand applied in the reference composite material was partially substituted by ground porcelain waste (PW) coming from used electrical insulators. The sand substitution ratio was 5, 10, and 15 vol.%. The chemical and mineralogical composition, morphology, and particle size distribution of porcelain waste were measured. For silica sand, porcelain waste, and MgO, specific density, loose bulk density, and Blaine fineness were determined. The effect of porcelain waste on the workability of fresh composite mixtures was characterized by spread diameter. The composites were characterized by their basic structural, mechanical, hygric, and thermal properties. The phase composition and thermal stability at high temperatures of MOC/porcelain waste pastes were also analyzed. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis helped to indicate main compounds formed within the precipitation of MOC phases and their reaction with porcelain waste. The usage of porcelain waste greatly decreased the porosity of composite matrix, which resulted in high mechanical resistance and reduced and decelerated water imbibition. The 10% sand substitution with porcelain waste brought the best mechanical resistance and the lowest water absorption due to the formation of amorphous phases, water-insoluble aluminosilicates. In case of the thermal performance of the examined composites, the low thermal conductivity of porcelain waste was the contradictory parameter to porosity and the high thermal stability of the phases present in porcelain slightly decreased the thermal decomposition of composites with porcelain waste dosage. Based on the results emerged from the experimental tests it was concluded that the partial substitution of silica sand in MOC composites enabled the development of materials possessing interesting and advanced function and technical parameters.
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Roik, Tetiana, Ahmad Rashedi, Taslima Khanam, Abhay Chaubey, Gurusami Balaganesan, and Sadaqat Ali. "Structure and Properties of New Antifriction Composites Based on Tool Steel Grinding Waste." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 6, 2021): 8823. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13168823.
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This article investigates the impact of manufacturing technology on the structure, mechanical, and tribological properties of new antifriction composite materials based on R6M5 high-speed tool steel grinding waste. The characteristics of the new composite’s structure formation and its impact on properties after use of the established technological modes, including grinding waste regeneration, were illustrated. It was demonstrated that such technology is capable of ensuring microheterogeneous structure. The material’s structure consists of the metal matrix based on R6M5 high-speed tool steel waste and uniformly distributed CaF2 solid lubricant in the steel matrix. As compared to known iron-based composites, this structure promotes a high degree of mechanical and tribological properties. During tribological tests, anti-seize thin films of 15–20 μm are formed on the contacting surfaces. These constantly renewable films contribute to the high antifriction properties of the composite under the studied friction conditions and provide a self-lubricating effect. Such films fully cover both the material’s surface and the counterface. The formation of antifriction films results in the self-lubrication mode. The findings of the study open up the possibility of predicting the friction behavior of a composite at high temperatures by selecting the initial metal grinding waste to ensure the appropriate level of properties. The extensive use of various alloy steel-based industrial grinding waste in the re-production cycle would significantly contribute to resolving the global environmental problem of protecting the environment from pollution.
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Lăcătuşu, Radu, Romeo Căpăţână, and Anca-Rovena Lăcătuşu. "Composite Compost Produced from Organic Waste." Present Environment and Sustainable Development 10, no. 2 (October 1, 2016): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pesd-2016-0024.
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Abstract The soil fertilization in ecological agriculture is done mostly using organic fertilizers. Some of them are prepared as compost from waste, but other haven’t, until now, any recycling possibility. In this context, for the preparation of new types of compost, we used three type of waste: sewage sludge from waste water treatment, marine algae and farmyard manure. We have made four different composting variants, each consisting of different proportions of the three waste: equal parts (33.33%) of each waste, 50% of each of the three wastes separately, the difference being made up in equal amounts (25%) of the other two wastes. Composting process was performed in Könemann silos (cubs with side by 1.20m) and lasted 60 days, from July 19 until September 16, when the composted material has passed the stages of reduction and oxidation. During composting process, in the reductive stage the material has reached a temperature up to 63°C Celsius, enough heat for its sterilization. Initial material, semi composted and final composted material were been chemical analyzed, especially in terms of macro- and microelements, analytical results revealing high and normal content of such chemicals. Therefore the achieved compost could be used in organic farming systems.
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Jena, Hemalata, and Abinash Panigrahi. "The effect of clam shell powder on kinetics of water absorption of jute epoxy composite." World Journal of Engineering 18, no. 5 (February 4, 2021): 684–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wje-08-2020-0334.
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Purpose Here, attempts have been made to explore the possible use of Marine waste as filler materials into the bio-fibre composites. Clam shell is a type of marine waste which belongs to the class of Bivalvia. It is mainly made of aragonite crystalline polymorphs. This paper aims to develop a new class of natural fibre composite in which jute fibre as reinforcement, epoxy as matrix and clam shell, as particulate microsphere filler. The study investigates the effects of different amounts of clam shell powder on the kinetics of water absorption of jute fibre-reinforced epoxy composite. Two different environmental conditions at room temperature, i.e. distilled water and seawater, are collected for this purpose. Moisture absorption reduces when clam shell is added to the jute-epoxy composite. The curve of water absorption of jute-epoxy composites with filler loading at both environmental conditions follows as Fickian behaviour. Design/methodology/approach Hand lay-up technique to fabricate the composite – Experimental observation Findings The incorporation of Clam shell filler in jute epoxy composite modified the water absorption property of the composite. Hence the present marine waste is an potential filler in jute fibre reinforced polymer composite. Originality/value The paper demonstrates a new class hybrid composite material which uses a marine waste as important phase in the bio-fibre-reinforced composite. It is a new work submitted for original research paper.
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Eşkin Uzun, Seniye, Volkan Enç, and Fatih Hoşoğlu. "Atık Kompozit İçecek Kartonları Geri Dönüşüm Yöntemleri /." Journal of History Culture and Art Research 1, no. 4 (January 5, 2013): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.7596/taksad.v1i4.60.
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Kağıt, plastik ve alüminyum malzeme katmanlarından oluşan kompozit kartonlar özellikle sıvı gıdaların muhafazası için tercih edilen bir ambalaj türüdür. İlk olarak süt için tasarlanan ve geliştirilen kompozit kartonlar, günümüzde sütün yanı sıra pek çok gıda ve içeceğin ambalajlanmasında yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Kullanım sürecini tamamladıktan sonra atık halini alan kompozit içecek kartonlarının geri dönüşümünde ise ciddi sıkıntılar bulunmaktadır. Özellikle ülkemizde bu tür atıkların geri dönüşümünün sağlanması sınırlı olarak yapılmakta, bu atıkların büyük bir kısmı depolama alanlarına gönderilmektedir. Bu nedenle bu atıkların yönetimine yönelik öncelikli bilimsel çalışmaların yapılarak, uygun yönetim alternatiflerinin uygulamaya aktarılması ihtiyacı doğmuştur. Bu çalışmada, atık kompozit içecek kartonlarının değerlendirme yöntemleri ve süreçleri araştırılarak bu yöntemler sonucunda elde edilen ürünler ile kullanım alanlarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Recycling Methods of Composite Beverage Carton Waste Composite cartons which consist of paper, plastic and aluminum, are used in packaging of drinks. However composite cartons are designed and developed for the milk packaging, now days it has been widely used in packaging of many food and drink. There are serious problems in recycling of composite cartons. Since recycling of packaging wastes is limited in Turkey, most of the packaging waste is been landfilled. Therefore, primarily there has been a need to scientific studies done about the management of packaging wastes and implementation of appropriate packaging waste management alternatives. In this study, detailed and technical data about recycling of composite beverage cartons has been obtained from the previous studies, printed - digital databases, company, Environmental Agency and web pages. The project about the Management of Packaging Wastes has been carried out in coordination with ISTAC Co. in 26 districts in İstanbul. Every step including public training to acceptance of packaging waste to recycling facility has been observed. Many analyses are done to determine the amount and character of waste. Technical reports are presented about the results of the technical visits to waste collecting-separation and recycling facilities. The data presented in the study is obtained from the project about Management of Packaging Wastes which is done between in 2005-2012. Wafer board production is the simplest and cheapest recycling method of packaging wastes where the separation of components cannot be done by handling. First step of recycling of packaging waste is the recovery of %75 paper by hidropulper method. An extra recovery process should be done for recycling of aluminum and plastic. Many technologies such as pyrolysis, gasification and plasma are been investigated as alternative recycling methods for recycling of packaging wastes. Since there have been some regulations regarding the certification of packaging waste management. Even the amount of the packaging waste is less than %1 of the solid waste, an assessment for packaging wastes has been vital. However recycling of packaging waste has started with wafer production by using simple physical processes, now days many complex methods are developed. Unfortunately none of the new Technologies has been used in Turkey. With the adaption of appropriate technologies to our country and new investments as a result of investigation of new Technologies will provide an economical benefit while reducing the environmental impact. This study aims to create awareness for composite packaging waste in following researches and studies
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Shishelova, Tamara I., Vadim V. Fedchishin, and Mikhail A. Khramovskih. "Heat-Resistant Composite Materials on the Base of Mica and Glass." Solid State Phenomena 316 (April 2021): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.316.46.
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Present-day materials science requires development of compositions and technologies for production of composites with enhanced physical and technical properties. One of requirements towards such materials is an elevated heat strength. Materials, earlier used in electrothermy (ceramics, porcelain, asbestos and items made of them), have operating temperature of 400-500°С, high cost, low mechanical strength and a number of other drawbacks. Therefore, development of heat-resistant, mechanically strong and inexpensive insulation materials is an immediate problem. Mica’s characteristics to the maximum extent meet the requirements to a filler for the composite materials. Its use would enhance electric and physical properties of composites, contribute to development of waste-free technology, thus favoring the environment. Objectives of the paper: development of technology for production of heat-resistant materials on the base of heat-proof mica and special glass with elevated softening point; study of the interaction between composite components and high-temperature medium; giving recommendations on technology for fabricating heat-resistant composites with enhanced physical and technical properties. Objects of study: specimens of heat-proof mica (phlogopite), wastes of abrasive production, modifiers, glasses with high softening point. Methods of investigation: methods of thermodynamic and quantum-chemical studies were used with involvement of a complex of state-of-art physical and chemical methods. Results of study: development of theoretical grounds for forming the heat-resistant composite materials on the base of experimental studies and scientific generalizations. The technology for production of new heat-resistant materials on the base of rational use of mineral raw material and production wastes is proposed.
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Loonpun, Chonpicha, Arisara Chaikittiratana, Utid Suripa, and Atitaya Tohsan. "Eco-Friendly Composites Derived from Natural Rubber and Wasted Materials." Key Engineering Materials 856 (August 2020): 261–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.856.261.
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The fillers from agriculture and industrial wastes filled natural rubber (NR) have been prepared to clarify their properties and develop to be the eco-friendly composites. This research aims to study the composites namely rice husk ash (RHA)/NR, clay/NR and crumb rubber/NR composites on the curing characteristics, mechanical and morphological properties. The results indicated that depending on a chemical composition of fillers, the properties of the composites are varied. For clay/NR composite, the occurrence of vulcanization was delayed comparing to the others. In term of mechanical properties, crumb/NR composite shows a toughest characteristic, for examples, it has the highest tensile strength, elongation at break and tear resistance, whereas hysteresis loss was found to be lowest among the composites. The toughness of crumb/NR composite can be influenced by a better interfacial interaction between filler and matrix comparing to the others as revealed by SEM. The clay/NR composite, on the other hand, has the highest hardness among the composites due to the hardness of clay itself and its uniformity of particle size. In the case of RHA/NR composite, from morphological observation by SEM shows that RHA particles have very poor dispersion in NR matrix which resulted in poor mechanical properties. However, the presence of RHA agglomerates was found to be beneficial for loading a high stress under a small deformation, for example, at 25% elongation. Therefore, these three difference composites from wasted materials were found to have unique characteristics which can be chosen and applied for some specific applications.
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Wang, Xiao Mei, Jun Tao Mei, Qing Tang Zhang, Hui Xia Feng, Ming Yang Li, Yong Liang Guo, and Yong Le Zhao. "Synthesis and Characterization of Li2FeSiO4/C Composite as Cathode for Lithium Ion Batteries from Silica Waste." Applied Mechanics and Materials 448-453 (October 2013): 2974–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.2974.
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Li2FeSiO4/C composites were prepared from silica waste by a traditional solid-state reaction method. The as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), elementary analyzer, galvanostatic charge-discharge test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. XRD results reveal that Li2FeSiO4/C composites fabricated from silica waste have some impurity. SEM results indicate that the particle size of Li2FeSiO4 composites is nearly accord with the particle size of silica waste. Electrochemical measurements indicate that Li2FeSiO4/C composite prepared from silica waste have comparatively good electrochemical performance. It can deliver a specific discharge capacity of 137.6 mAh g-1 at a charge-discharge rate of 0.1 C.
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Kyzioł, Lesław, Katarzyna Panasiuk, Michał Barcikowski, and Grzegorz Hajdukiewicz. "The influence of manufacturing technology on the properties of layered composites with polyester–glass recyclate additive." Progress in Rubber, Plastics and Recycling Technology 36, no. 1 (December 17, 2019): 18–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477760619895003.
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The article describes the technologies of recycling polyester–glass waste and the influence of manufacturing technology on the properties of layered composites with polyester–glass recyclate additive. Milled polyester–glass waste was used as the recyclate. Polyester–glass composites with a specific content of recyclate were manufactured by means of manual laminating and vacuum bagging. The influence of the recyclate content and manufacturing method on the mechanical properties of composites was determined with the aid of specimens exposed to static tensile testing. Test results indicated that the composite without recyclate additive manufactured by means of vacuum bagging exhibits higher strength properties than the same composite manufactured by means of manual laminating. Additionally, its plasticity is much higher than that of the composite manufactured by means of manual laminating. The tests indicated that the tensile properties of the composite are, essentially, influenced by the content of recyclate (apart from the manufacturing method). Adding recyclate to the manufactured composite in the amount of 10% and 20% causes a significant decrease in its tensile properties in relation to the composite without the recyclate.
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Islam, MK, A. Sharif, M. Hussain, and I. Hassan. "Synergic effect of recycled cotton fabric and wood saw dust reinforced biodegradable polypropylene composites." Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 54, no. 1 (March 25, 2019): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v54i1.40727.
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Hybrid polymer matrix composites of waste cotton fabric and wood saw dust reinforcements were studied with a view to recycling the wastes from garments and carpentry industries. Polymer composites with cotton fabric and wood-saw-dust reinforcements were fabricated using hot press machine. Their physical, thermal and mechanical behaviors were discussed in terms of moisture absorption, thermal stability, tensile strength, elastic modulus, flexural strength and flexural modulus. Compositional analyses of fibers, matrix and composites were carried out with FTIR spectroscopy. Experimental results revealed that tensile and flexural strength of the composites increased with cotton fabric reinforcement. On the other hand, with increasing wood saw dust strength decreased up to a certain limit and then increased again. Water absorption of the hybrid composites increased substantially with increasing natural filler contents. Maximum water absorption was observed in 20% fabric/wood-saw-dust reinforced polymer composite. Furthermore, TGA graphs suggest better thermal stability of the hybrid composites than that of pure polypropylene.
Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.54(1), 21-30, 2019
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Zelca, Zane, Silvija Kukle, Janis Kajaks, and Marija Geikina-Geimana. "Hemp Fibers Waste and Linear Low Density Polyethylene Composite Properties." Key Engineering Materials 721 (December 2016): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.721.33.
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Influence of the composite preparing technology and filler type (hemp waste and hemp fibres) on the performance characteristics (melt flow index and water resistance) of the composites based on a linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) was investigated. The best melt flow index (MFI) results were achieved when as composites preparing method extrusion and two rolls mill with lubricant additive combination were used. It is established that usage of extrusion mixing method of the hemp fibers containing LLDPE composites significantly affects materials melts fluidity evaluated by values of MFI and quality of extruded profile. The lowest fluidity was observed for composite with hemp waste prepared by two rolls mill processing method. The best water resistance was observed for composites with lubricant and for their preparing two rolls mill and extrusion processing methods combination was used.
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Lebedev, Vladimir, Tetiana Tykhomyrova, Oleksii Shestopalov, Olexiy Troshin, and Tamara Melnik. "Modeling the Optimal Composition of Structural Epoxy Composites Filled with Dispersed Metal Waste." Key Engineering Materials 864 (September 2020): 250–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.864.250.
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Processes of modeling the optimal composition of structural epoxy composites filled with dispersed metal waste are investigated in the article. The influence character of dispersed metal wastes introduction on the operational and strength properties of cold-cured structural epoxy composites is shown. A model for predicting the operational and strength properties of structural epoxy composites depending on dispersed solid phase of metal waste content and a highly active accelerator in them is designed.
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Nosbi, Norlin, Haslan Fadli Ahmad Marzuki, Muhammad Razlan Zakaria, Wan Fahmin Faiz Wan Ali, Fatima Javed, and Muhammad Ibrar. "Structure Property Investigation of Glass-Carbon Prepreg Waste-Polymer Hybrid Composites Degradation in Water Condition." Processes 8, no. 11 (November 10, 2020): 1434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8111434.
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The limited shelf life of carbon prepreg waste (CPW) from component manufacturing restricts its use as a composite reinforcement fibre on its own. However, CPW can be recycled with glass fibre (GF) reinforcement to develop a unique remediate material. Therefore, this study fabricated (1) a glass fibre-carbon prepreg waste reinforced polymer hybrid composite (GF-CPW-PP), (2) a polypropylene composite (PP), (3) a carbon prepreg waste reinforced composite (CPW-PP), and (4) a glass fibre reinforced composite (GF-PP) and reported their degradation and residual tension properties after immersion in water. The polymer hybrid composites were fabricated via extrusion technique with minimum reinforce glass-carbon prepreg waste content of 10 wt%. The immersion test was conducted at room temperature using distilled water. Moisture content and diffusion coefficient (DC) were determined based on water adsorption values recorded at 24-h intervals over a one-week period. The results indicated that GF-PP reinforced composites retained the most moisture post-168 h of immersion. However, hardness and tensile strength were found to decrease with increased water adsorption. Tensile strength was found to be compromised since pores produced during hydrolysis reduced interfacial bonding between glass fibre and prepreg carbon reinforcements and the PP matrix.
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Sadrolodabaee, Payam, Josep Claramunt, Mònica Ardanuy, and Albert de la Fuente. "A Textile Waste Fiber-Reinforced Cement Composite: Comparison between Short Random Fiber and Textile Reinforcement." Materials 14, no. 13 (July 4, 2021): 3742. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14133742.
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Currently, millions of tons of textile waste from the garment and textile industries are generated worldwide each year. As a promising option in terms of sustainability, textile waste fibers could be used as internal reinforcement of cement-based composites by enhancing ductility and decreasing crack propagation. To this end, two extensive experimental programs were carried out, involving the use of either fractions of short random fibers at 6–10% by weight or nonwoven fabrics in 3–7 laminate layers in the textile waste-reinforcement of cement, and the mechanical and durability properties of the resulting composites were characterized. Flexural resistance in pre- and post-crack, toughness, and stiffness of the resulting composites were assessed in addition to unrestrained drying shrinkage testing. The results obtained from those programs were analyzed and compared to identify the optimal composite and potential applications. Based on the results of experimental analysis, the feasibility of using this textile waste composite as a potential construction material in nonstructural concrete structures such as facade cladding, raised floors, and pavements was confirmed. The optimal composite was proven to be the one reinforced with six layers of nonwoven fabric, with a flexural strength of 15.5 MPa and a toughness of 9.7 kJ/m2.
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Kayili, Merve Tuna, and Gülser Celebi. "ENVIRONMENTAL PROPERTIES OF ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS: RECYCLED LDPE COMPOSITES FILLED BY BLAST FURNACE DUST." Journal of Green Building 16, no. 3 (June 1, 2021): 135–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.16.3.135.
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ABSTRACT This study focused on creating a sustainable composite material using blast furnace dust of the iron-steel industry and plastic wastes of the plastic industry in order to reduce the embodied energy of the material and generate more sustainable material. In this study, varying amounts of blast furnace dust (BFD), which is the primary iron-steel industry waste and which is used as filler for recycled low-density polyethylene (LDPE), was mixed to create the composite material. The embodied energy, emissions to water and air (volatile organic compounds) of BFD filled LDPE composites were determined. It was found that the composite materials had less embodied energy compared with polymer-based flooring materials such as epoxy, polyurethane (PU) and polyvinylchloride (PVC). In addition, it was determined that the composite material did not release emissions to water and have fewer total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs). These results showed that the produced composite material could be used in buildings as a sustainable floor coating material, thus saving raw materials and supporting indoor air quality and recycling.
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Hyvärinen, Marko, and Timo Kärki. "The Mechanical and Physical Properties of Construction and Demolition Waste - Epoxy Composites." Key Engineering Materials 759 (January 2018): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.759.9.
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Due to the increasing concern about the environment and depleting conventional materials, a lot of research is going on in the field of material science to develop environment friendly materials, and to improve the recycling and reusing of waste materials. Composites are material providing possibilities to reach these targets. In this experimental study, the possibilities and potential in the utilization of mixed waste from recycling in the manufacturing of epoxy composites are studied. The studied properties are flexural properties, i.e. flexural strength and flexural modulus, and hardness as mechanical properties, and water absorption and thickness swelling as physical properties. Element analysis was used to determine the composition of construction and demolition waste used in manufacturing. The analysis revealed a large proportion of mineral elements with high hardness. Consequently, this had a clear impact on the hardness of the composite. The flexural properties were found to be on a reasonable level. The waste-epoxy composite showed a low uptake of water due to the minor content of hydrophilic materials present in the composite.
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Puskás, Attila, Ofelia Corbu, Andrei Victor Sandhu, and Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah. "Cementitious Composites Using Recycled Waste." Applied Mechanics and Materials 754-755 (April 2015): 833–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.754-755.833.
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European Union faces challenge in the waste management practices. Despite the economic downturn and the decrease in consumption at European Union level the waste generation stays stable, and the recycling disposal stagnates. Since the level of the recycling and recovery is set at 70% for the year 2020 for the construction and demolition waste for achieving the proposed level practical possibilities for recycling of large quantities are necessary. The paper presents cementitious composites using recycled waste which might represent practical solution for increasing the rate of recycling of construction and demolition waste and of textile industry waste. Mechanical characteristics of two different composites using recycled wastes are presented. The first cementitious composition incorporates recycled aggregates substituting new, non-renewable natural aggregates, while the second composition – beside the recycled aggregates – contains also textile industrial waste. The mechanical characteristics of the obtained compositions are comparable with the ones of the road concrete, in the same time fulfilling also the norm requirements for composites used for road concrete. The proposed cementitious composites represent significant potential for recycling, and as consequence, potential for achieving the targeted rate of the recycling.
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Batista, Salomão Sávio, Luiz Guilherme Meira de Souza, Denis Max de Lima Bezerra, and Raimundo Vicente Pereira Neto. "Viabilities for obtaining, manufacturing and applying composites using bamboo powders and ophthalmic lens waste." Research, Society and Development 9, no. 9 (September 6, 2020): e775997455. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i9.7455.
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The objective of this research was to obtain composites using petioles bamboo and ophthalmic lens waste powders and polyester resin. Such materials have no defined application, they are produced in large quantities and their waste is discarded irregularly in landfills. Bamboo and ophthalmic lens rejects powders were produced, with particle sizes of 2.07 mm and 1.14 mm, respectively. Preliminary tests were carried out to determine the maximum quantities of each material to be mixed with the polyester resin matrix, in order to guarantee the good processability of the new material produced. The mass quantities used were 10 and 15% bamboo, 15 and 40% tailings and a hybrid composition with 5% bamboo and 20% tailings, to obtain the desired composites. The composite plates were manufactured by the cold compression wet molding process in closed mold. Several tests were carried out to characterize the composites that were produced. It was found a decrease in the mechanical strength of the composite in comparison to the matrix, concluding that the bamboo powders and ophthalmic lens waste had a filling load function in the composites produced. The most expressive result of the composites was in the impact resistance, corresponding to 0.55 J/cm2 for OLWP 40% higher in 39.6% in relation to the polyester resin matrix. As a practical application, table and bench tops were manufactured with the most economically and ecologically viable composite, 40% OLWP.
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Kirushanthi, T., Thusitha N. Etampawala, Dilhara Edirisinghe, Jagath Pitawala, and D. R. Ratnaweera. "Development of Agro-Industrial Waste Reinforced Natural Rubber Composite: A Potential Formulation for Rubber Flooring Product." Journal of Advanced Chemical Sciences 4, no. 3 (September 19, 2018): 571–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.30799/jacs.190.18040302.
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Agro-industrial waste has become a major environmental issue in most parts of the world. Rice husk is one of the major agricultural wastes especially in Asian countries. It is currently thrown away into landfills or rarely use as an alternative energy source, which in turn produce another waste, rice husk ash (RHA). Silica is the major component in well-burnt RHA. This work was aimed to evaluate the feasibility of utilizing silica extracted from RHA and another industrial waste, used tyre treads, with natural rubber to develop composite with enhanced mechanical properties especially for flooring products such as rugs, pavement blocks, door mats, etc. In this work extracted silica was characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry (XRD), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The SEM images confirmed that the extracted silica is in the nanometer to sub-micrometer length scale in size. Further our results confirmed that extracted silica has comparable chemical composition and amorphous nature as commercially used silica in rubber compounding. Composites were first formulated using crumb rubber to identify the optimum crumb rubber loading. It is found that 25 phr of crumb rubber provides the optimal mechanical properties. Finally, extracted silica was incorporated to 25 phr crumb rubber loaded composite to further reinforcement. SEM images confirm that 10 phr of silica have enhanced matrix-filler interactions to produce continuous structure, which was not observed in crumb rubber loaded rubber composite.
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Jili, Qu, Wang Junfeng, Batugin Andrian, and Zhu Hao. "Characterization and Comparison Research on Composite of Alluvial Clayey Soil Modified with Fine Aggregates of Construction Waste and Fly Ash." Science and Engineering of Composite Materials 28, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 83–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/secm-2021-0008.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Fine aggregates of construction waste and fly ash were selected as additives to modify the characteristics of Shanghai clayey soil as a composite. The laboratory tests on consistency index, maximum dry density, and unconfined compressive strength were carried out mainly for the purpose of comparing the modifying effect on the composite from fine aggregates of construction waste with that from fly ash. It is mainly concluded from test results that the liquid and plastic limit of the composites increase with the content of two additives. But their maximum dry density all decreases with the additive content. However, fine aggregates of construction waste can increase the optimum water content of the composites, while fly ash on the contrary. Finally, although the two additive all can increase the unconfined compressive strength of composites, fly ash has better effect. The current conclusions are also compared with previous studies, which indicates that the current research results are not completely the same as those from other researchers.
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Zelinskaya, Elena, N. A. Tolmacheva, V. V. Barakhtenko, A. E. Burdonov, N. E. Garashchenko, and A. A. Garashchenko. "Waste-Based Construction Materials." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 41 (February 2019): 88–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.41.88.
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The article is devoted to the research into the utilization of large volume industrial wastes to produce mineral-polymer composite construction materials. To produce the composites, polyvinyl chloride wastes have been suggested as binding thermoplastic matrix and ash-and-slag wastes, which are the by-product of coal combustion at TPP of Irkutsk Oblast, as mineral filler. Since the problem of accumulation and storage, such as large volumes of power generation industry wastes is becoming more and more serious, the recycling of these wastes with the production of useful products is the vital task. Plants that manufacture products from PVC also produce plastic wastes in the form of rejected and substandard raw material, which can be recycled. At the same time, the problem of production available construction materials for the Baikal region from the local cheap raw material is solved. The team of Irkutsk National Research Technical University has conducted a number of the industrial trials on the production of mineral-polymer composites by the method of extrusion. As a result, the principal opportunity of co-utilization of PVC wastes and ash-and-slag materials during the production of composite construction materials has been testified. Local construction companies can use the produced materials.
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Parthasarathy, Meera. "Challenges and Emerging Trends in Toner Waste Recycling: A Review." Recycling 6, no. 3 (August 29, 2021): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/recycling6030057.
Full textAbstract:
Toner waste is one of the major electronic waste materials posing serious environmental threat and health hazards. Globally, only about 20–30% of toner waste is recycled, while the remaining percentage is dumped in landfills. Recycling options are limited due to the desirably engineered durability of toners, ascribed to a complicated composition of chemicals, carbon black, and plastic particles, which in turn creates critical challenges in recycling. The World Health Organization has classified toner waste as class 2B carcinogen due to its potential health hazard. In this review, the existing challenges in toner waste recycling are discussed from the perspective of environmental, health, and feasibility aspects. In parallel, the challenges have been opening up alternative strategies to recycle toner wastes. Emerging trends in toner waste recycling include transformation of toner waste into value-added products, utilization as raw material for nanomaterial synthesis, generation of composite electrodes for power generation/storage devices, integration into construction materials, and development of microwave absorbing composites. Considering the enormous volume of toner waste generated globally every year, better recycling and transformation strategies are needed immediately. A circular economy could be established in the future by transforming the enormous toner waste into a resource for other applications. For an effective management of toner waste in the future, an integrated approach involving policies and legislations, infrastructure for collection and treatment, and financial planning among the stakeholders is needed in addition to technological innovations.