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1
İşler, Nurten, and Yasemin Kavdır. "Effect of Compost Addition on Porosity and Hydraulic Properties of Different Textured Soils." Journal of Advanced Research in Natural and Applied Sciences 10, no. 4 (2024): 833–44. https://doi.org/10.28979/jarnas.1537396.
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This research aimed to investigate the temporal variations in soils of three distinct textures that were amended with composts derived from olive pomace (OPC) and vineyard pruning waste (VPC). The compost was prepared in reactors with automatic temperature and aeration control. This research encompasses three distinct soil textures, five varying compost applications, and ten separate sampling intervals following the compost application and replicated four times. After 210 days of incubation, 6% VPC application increased the field capacity value by 27.7% compared to the control, especially in sandy loam soil. At the same treatment and time, total porosity increased by 14.29% in clay soil. The highest increase in hydraulic conductivity was observed in clay and loam soil with 6% VPC and in sandy loam soil with 6% OPC. Compost applications increased field capacity the most in sandy loam soil. The impact of compost on field capacity and porosity of soils varied according to soil texture, compost material, application amount, and time elapsed after compost application. The high BJH surface area of clay soil decreased from 15.830 m2/g to 12.977 m2/g with the addition of OPC.
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Scherer, H. W. "Influence of compost application on growth and phosphorus exploitation of ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)." Plant, Soil and Environment 50, No. 12 (2011): 518–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4068-pse.
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Information on the availability of P following compost addition to soil may help to a better management of P fertilization of the crop in respect to plant growth and the environment. Therefore a greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of compost within the official classes of stability III and V on growth and P exploitation of ryegrass (Lolium perenne L. cv. Turilo). The following result was obtained: As compared to a control without P application, compost application resulted in a significant yield increase. Application of composts of the official class of stability V resulted in higher yields as compared with the application of compost of the official class of stability III. P uptake of ryegrass was higher in the treatments in the class of stability V. Based on CAL-extractable compost P exploitation of P ranged between 8.5 and 104.0% in the first year of compost application and in total (sum of two years) 37.8 and 204.5%. P exploitation on the basis of total compost P ranged between 3.6 and 22.1%.
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Iacomino, Giuseppina, Tushar C. Sarker, Francesca Ippolito, et al. "Biochar and Compost Application either Alone or in Combination Affects Vegetable Yield in a Volcanic Mediterranean Soil." Agronomy 12, no. 9 (2022): 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12091996.
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The aim of this work was to compare the application of biochar, compost, and their mixtures on soil fertility and crop yields using a volcanic Mediterranean soil. For this reason, three types of organic amendments (OAs) were selected: compost1, made from olive mill waste and orchard pruning residues; compost2, made from olive mill waste, animal manure and wool residues; and biochar made from beech wood pyrolyzed at 550 °C. When selected, the OAs were characterized chemically for organic carbon (OC), total N, pH, electric conductivity (EC) and the bulk fraction of organic matter using 13C CPMAS NMR spectroscopy. In addition, soil chemistry was analysed at the end of each year for the following parameters: pH, OC, total N, CaCO3, P2O5, NH4, FDA and EC. Results showed that biochar had the highest OC and the lowest N and EC compared to both composts. Moreover, 13C CPMAS NMR showed that biochar had the lowest content of O-alkyl, methoxyl- and alkyl-C and the highest content of aromatic-C. On the other hand, compost2 and compost2+biochar mixture reduced Aubergine yield by −60% and −40%, respectively, and tomato yield by −50% and −100%, respectively. Nevertheless, a significant increase in onion and rape yields were observed when compost1, compost1+biochar and compost2 were applied, while biochar and compost2+biochar significantly decreased the yield of these crops. Overall, our results highlight that the effect of OAs on crops yield is largely variable and influenced by the interaction with soil chemistry.
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Said Ahmed, Abdelraheim Mohamed. "Integration of Composts with NPK Improved Soil Fertility, Growth and Yield of Sorghum in Sandy Desert Soils of Sudan." International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 23, no. 02 (2020): 373–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17957/ijab/15.1297.
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Sandy desert soil in Sudan are characterised by low content of organic matter, small water holding capacity and low crop productivity. Methods to enhance crop productivity on these environments, such as land application of composts, are of great importance. Field experiments were conducted on a sandy soil to determine the effects of two types of composted manures on growth and yield of two sorghum varieties grown under rainfed conditions. Two sorghum cultivars (Butana and Arfa Gadmak were sown under chicken manure (CM) compost (5 t ha-1), CM compost with NPK (36 kg ha-1), farm manure (FM) compost (20 t ha-1), FM compost with NPK (36 kg ha-1), CM compost with FM compost (1:1, wt/wt, 12.5 t ha-1), CM and FM composts with NPK (36 kg ha-1), only NPK (36 kg ha-1) and control (no composts or NPK). Application of composts increased organic soil carbon by 50% and available phosphorous (P) between 43 to 105%, whereas, pH and bulk density were decreased by 2 and 6%, respectively. Soil moisture contents in compost treated plots were 56–98% higher than control plots. Mixing compost with NPK increased leaf area index over NPK alone by 28% but the highest values were found in plots treated with chicken compost or integrated with NPK compared to NPK application alone. Incorporation of compost increased dry matter yield compared to control by 17–53% and increased grain yield by 1.8 to 3.1 fold in both sorghum varieties. Grain yield from plots treated with NPK, sole chicken compost or combined with NPK were similar for both varieties in both seasons. In general, the trend of grain yield of sorghum was in the order of NPK = chicken compost with NPK = chicken compost = farm manure compost with NPK mixed compost with NPK = farm manure control. In conclusion, integrating composts with NPK improved fertility of sandy soils, sorghum growth and yield. © 2020 Friends Science Publishers
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Roe, Nancy E. "Compost Utilization for Vegetable Crops: Research and Grower Use." HortScience 31, no. 4 (1996): 698e—698. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.698e.
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Utilization of municipal waste composts on vegetable crops may be advantageous if research can determine appropriate product maturity and quality standards, application methods and rates, application timing, and supplemental nutrient requirements. Experiments using compost for seed germination and seedling growth indicate that mixtures of compost with amendments such as perlite and vermiculite result in acceptable growth rates, but often require additional N and K for optimum growth. In the field, compost generally improves soil characteristics for vegetable crop growth. Tests using compost rates from 12 to 336 t·ha–1 either increased or did not change yields of vegetable crops. Highest yields are often produced from a combination of composts with additional nutrient sources. When the composts were used as mulches, vegetable crop growth and production were generally higher than from plants in unmulched plots, but lower than those from plots with polyethylene mulches. If growers are to accept the use of composts, the compost must be a consistent product, and yield increases must be high enough to justify the costs of transporting and applying the compost.
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Gleena Mary, C. F., and Sally K. Mathew. "Efficacy of Lignophenolic Composts for the Management of Bacterial Wilt of Tomato." Journal of Biological Control 30, no. 1 (2016): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/jbc/30/1/6460.
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Bacterial wilt is one of the most dreaded diseases in tomato growing areas all over the world. Though chemical control measures and resistance breeding offers certain degree of protection against wilt pathogen, both have their own limitations such as high cost, environmental impact, non target effect and development of resistance. Hence, biologically safe methods such as use of composts as soil amendments for wilt management was investigated in the present study which revealed the possibility of the use of ligno-phenolic composts in disease management. Among the five composts tested, application of ayurvedic compost at 45 days after planting was found to be the most effective with lowest wilt incidence of 6.94 per cent against 36.10 per cent in control, with 80.77 per cent disease reduction. At 60 DAP, same trend was noticed with minimum disease incidence in ayurvedic compost (13.88 %) which was on par with full basal application of leaf litter compost (15.27 %), and coir pith compost (16.66 %) with 86.79 to 60.02 per cent reduction of wilt incidence. In case of yield, among the different composts, split and basal application of ayurvedic compost recorded highest yield of 8.9 kg/6.48 m<sup>2</sup>.
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Valenzuela, H. R., and C. Crosby. "Effect of Compost Applications on the Yield of Several Vegetables in Long-term Organic Farming Experiments Conducted in the Tropics." HortScience 33, no. 3 (1998): 524b—524. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.3.524b.
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Experiments conducted over 5 years evaluated the effect of compost applications on the yield of several vegetable crops grown under organic farming conditions in the tropics. The yield of organically grown lettuce, basil, Filipino spinach (Corchorus olitorius L.), and zucchini after application of 20 MT compost/ha per crop was compared to yields obtained with standard synthetic fertilizer applications (150 kg N/ha per crop), and with a combination of several compost: synthetic fertilizer ratios. Treatments consisted of 10 by 1.30-meter raised beds replicated four times. Data collected included soil nutrient analysis prior to planting and after the last harvest, tissue analysis of macro- and micronutrients, canopy dimensions, and yields. The tissue nutrient levels collected from crops receiving composts alone were at or above those levels recommended to achieve commercially acceptable yields. Yields of plants receiving composts alone were comparable to those obtained by plants receiving synthetic fertilizer applications. However, the greatest yields were obtained with 20 MT·ha–1 of compost plus supplemental synthetic N applications, depending on the length of the harvesting period. After 5 years cumulative yields ranged from 110 to 124 MT·ha–1 for vegetables receiving compost plus supplemental N, compared to 75 for controls, and to about 100 MT·ha–1 for treatments receiving either synthetic N or compost applications alone.
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Gagnon, B., R. R. Simard, M. Goulet, R. Robitaille, and R. Rioux. "Soil nitrogen and moisture as influenced by composts and inorganic fertilizer rate." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 78, no. 1 (1998): 207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s97-009.
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The addition of compost may mitigate soil degradation and contribute to the soil nutrient supply in spring cereal monoculture. A field study was carried out in eastern Quebec, Canada, to assess the impact of composts from four sources and ammonium nitrate (AN) applied at different rates in spring on soil moisture and inorganic N in spring wheat production (Triticum aestivum L. 'Messier'). The experiment was conducted in 1994 and 1995 on two different soils: a Kamouraska clay (Orthic Humic Gleysol) and a Saint-André sandy loam (Fragic Humo-Ferric Podzol). Composts were applied at rates of 0, 90, 180 and 360 kg total N ha−1. Ammonium nitrate was applied at 0, 45, 90 and 180 kg N ha–1. Treatments in which AN was added to composts were also included. Thirty days after N application, profile soil inorganic N increased linearly with rates of commercial composts and AN but not with farm composts, whereas at harvest, residual soil N was not affected by composts but was increased by AN. The relative contribution of the compost organic fraction was negligible in the first year of application. Soil inorganic N at 30 d after fertilizer applications was significantly related to plant N uptake at harvest (r2 = 0.74), suggesting useful index of compost N availability. Large amounts of compost raised soil moisture content of the sandy loam by 3–5%, particularly under dry climatic conditions. Commercial composts have a small N fertilizer value, whereas composted dairy manure should be considered preferable as a soil amendment. Key words: Dairy manure compost, shrimp wastes, peat moss, wheat
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Kelley, Alicia J., David N. Campbell, Ann C. Wilkie, and Gabriel Maltais-Landry. "Compost Composition and Application Rate Have a Greater Impact on Spinach Yield and Soil Fertility Benefits Than Feedstock Origin." Horticulturae 8, no. 8 (2022): 688. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8080688.
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Rapid urbanization results in the accumulation of food wastes that can be composted and diverted from landfills. Previous lab incubations demonstrated that food-based composts can increase soil N relative to manure-based composts, but these benefits were not tested within a crop system. We assessed soil fertility and yield of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) grown in two different soils in a greenhouse, comparing two food- and two manure-based composts added at the recommended N rate (101 kg N ha−1). We quantified soil N mineralization and resin-extractable phosphorus, spinach biomass (root and shoot), and crop nutrient concentrations and accumulation. Nitrogen mineralization generally peaked four weeks after application, and one food-based compost (but no manure-based composts) increased soil phosphorus at harvest compared to an unamended control. One manure-based compost and one food-based compost produced a higher yield and greater nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium accumulation than the unamended control, whereas only the food-based compost increased spinach phosphorus and potassium concentrations. There was a positive relationship between yield and compost inputs of potassium and plant-available nitrogen (especially nitrate), suggesting that potassium inputs may also explain differences observed among composts. Our results suggest that food-based compost provides more nutrients than composts made from cow manure fiber.
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Islam, MS, M. Hasan, MM Rahman, MN Uddin, and MH Kabir. "Comparison between Vermicompost and Conventional Aerobic Compost Produced from Municipal Organic Solid Waste Used in Amaranthus viridis Production." Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources 9, no. 2 (2017): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v9i2.32150.
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The study was conducted to determine the performance of vermicompost and conventional aerobic compost produced from municipal organic solid waste used in Amaranthus viridis production during the period from October 2014 to June 2015 at the Horticulture Research Centre of the Bangladesh Agriculture Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh. In this study, three compost varieties (vermicompost, conventional aerobic compost, combination of vermicompost and conventional compost) and three levels of compost treatments (0, 100 and 150 g/m2) with three replications were applied. The plots were arranged in randomized complete block design. Vermicompost was prepared by using Eisenia fetida. Different composts (vermicompost and conventional aerobic compost) and plant sample were taken first for chemical and physical analysis to find out the effect of these composts on the growth of amaranth. The result of the study showed that different compost varieties significantly affected the chlorophyll content, dry matter content, height per plant, numbers of leaves, weight per plant, nitrogen, calcium, magnesium, potassium, total phosphorus positively in favour of vermicompost application and sulphur content, sodium, moisture content in conventional aerobic compost application. Vermicompost application showed higher result for growth and yield indices and nutrient content compared with conventional aerobic compost.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 9(2): 43-49 2016
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Herawati, Herawati, St Subaedah, and Saida Saida. "PENGARUH APLIKASI MIKORIZA DAN KOMPOS TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN KEDELAI." AGrotekMAS Jurnal Indonesia: Jurnal Ilmu Peranian 2, no. 1 (2021): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.33096/agrotekmas.v2i1.143.
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The Effect of Mycorrhizal and Compost Applications on the Growth and Production of Soybean Plants. Supervised by St. Subaedah and Saida. This research was conducted with the aim to determine the effect of mycorrhizal applications on the growth and production of soybean plants, to determine the response of soybean plants to compost and mycorrhizal applications and to determine the effect of compost dosage on mycorrhizal media on growth and production of soybean plants. This research was conducted at the Green House and Soil Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Muslim University of Indonesia. It took place from August to November 2020. The materials used in this study were soil, sand, mycorrhizae, compost, NPK, soybean seeds, polybags 30 x 40 cm in size, distilled water and alcohol. This research was designed with a randomized block design consisting of five treatments, namely without mycorrhizal and without compost (M0), mycorrhizal application without compost (M1), mycorrhizal application + compost 10 g / polybag (M2), mycorrhizal application + compost 15 g / polybag. (M3) and mycorrhizal application + compost 20 g / polybag. Each treatment was repeated 3 times to obtain 15 experimental units. The results showed that mycorrhizal application gave a better effect on plant height than without mycorrhizae, mycorrhizal and compost applications had a better effect on pod weight and soybean seed weight per plant, mycorrhizal application and compost at a dose of 20 g / polybag obtained per the tallest plant.
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Ak Çimen, Burcu, Akif Kemal Akay, and Semih Sayinta. "Application of Organic Waste Compost in Seyhan Region." European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences 3, no. 1 (2021): 136–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejfood.2021.3.1.240.
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In this study aims to recycle farmers market and garden waste into compost and bring it back to soil as a useful and valuable organic fertilizer thanks to natural processes in Seyhan Region. With the compost production, it is aimed to promote both soil improvement and organic fertilizer use and recycling. The compost has many benefits for agricultural activities. This review, the main challenges of the process of organic waste compost and explores the crucial aspects related to the quality of the produced the importance of compost. Although the importance of compost production is known, the importance of composting and more information are needed. Therefore, in this study, innovative approaches with different methods have been investigated. Environmental and biodiversity impacts related to organic waste composting detailed in this study. This study investigated the application of blue-green algae to enhance the quality of composts composed from multiple organic waste. This research provides an innovative method for using algae the compost products. The importance of using algae in order to achieve rapid results in innovative and sustainable agriculture areas in composting was explained. A pilot project application was established to optimize organic waste collection and composting for agriculture in Compost Production facility in Seyhan Municipality. In addition, also in this study contributed to the environmental and biodiversity awareness and zero waste projects research of applicability. Studying areas should be created for composting in municipalities.
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Vannucchi, Francesca, Eleonora Peruzzi, Serena Doni, et al. "Biological Assessment of Green Waste and Dredged Sediment Co-Composting for Nursery Plant Cultivation." Applied Sciences 14, no. 13 (2024): 5767. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14135767.
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Co-composting efficiently reclaims dredged sediments (S) and green waste (GW), creating stable products for agricultural applications. However, the use of S-GW co-composts can be limited by legislative thresholds, especially for co-composts with a high S percentage. The evaluation of S-GW co-compost stability by biological assessment can allow for a better understanding of S and GW recycling, as well as the S-GW co-compost application. For this purpose, the microbial biomass, composition, respiration, and eco-enzyme stoichiometry (EST) were assessed, coupled with chemical analysis, in the co-composting of S and GW in different ratios. The Photinia x fraseri and Viburnum tinus L. growth was monitored in a plant trial, comparing the studied co-composts with a control substrate. The EST approach was applied as an indicator of the co-composting stability during the process and after the plant cultivation. The chemical and biological parameters confirmed the suitability of co-composting in the GW and S recovery and the EST approach highlighted a better stability for the 3S:1GW co-compost at the end of the process and after plant cultivation. Viburnum tinus showed a similar growth to the control, while Photinia x fraseri resulted in being more sensitive to the co-compost. The biological assessments were good indicators of the S-GW compost stability for their application in crop cultivation.
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Nguyen, Binh Thanh, Quynh Thi Hoang, Syoko Oshiro, and Kazuto Shima. "Evaluation of sewage sludge compost quality through maturity index and biomass yield of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.)." Science and Technology Development Journal 18, no. 2 (2015): 52–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v18i2.1059.
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Sewage sludge as raw material and Composts was collected from composting plant “Chugoku Yuki” in Okayama prefecture, Japan to evaluate Compost quality at 8, and 50 days in process. Compost quality was assessed by analyzing of chemical properties: pH, total carbon, total nitrogen, C/N ratio, available nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus and P fractions. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of four Compost application rates (1, 2, 4 and 6 tons ha-1) on biomass yields and nitrogen – phosphorus uptake efficiency by Italian Ryegrass. Control treatments included without and with chemical fertilizers supplying equal amounts of N + P2O5. The results showed that Compost reached to degrees of stability and maturity after 50 days of composting. Composts contain high levels of nitrogen and phosphorus, heavy metals contents meet the acceptable standards. Total biomass yields significantly increased with increasing application rates following Mitscherlich’s asymptote regression model, by which the maximum yields were estimated to decrease in following order: Compost 50 days > Chemical fertilizer > Compost 8 days. Nitrogen uptake efficiency by ryegrass were similar between two above Composts, while those of Phosphorus was higher at Compost 50 days.
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Saqib, H. M. U., I. Ahmad, M. H. U. Rashid, et al. "Effect of Compost Application on the Growth of Acacia nilotica." Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova 52, no. 1 (2019): 66–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cerce-2019-0007.
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Abstract Acacia nilotica is an important agroforestry specie, which is used in both compact and linear forms. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effect of compost on the growth performance and biomass production of A. nilotica. Completely randomized design (CRD) was used to analyze the variations among several growth morphological traits. Two parallel trials, pot trial (seedlings), field trial (saplings) were conducted simultaneously. Compost and litter mixture were applied in mentioned trials. Following treatments were used: T0 – control; T1 - 25% of compost and 75% of nursery soil; T2 - mixture of 50% nursery soil and 50% compost; T3 - mixture of 75% compost and 25% of nursery soil; T4 - where 100% compost was applied. Increase in plant growth was observed with the increases in the amount of compost mixture. In field trial maximum plant height, shoot length, root length, rootshoot ratio and biomass production was observed when 100% compost level was applied, while minimum was observed without any compost appli-cation. In pot trials, the maximum plant height, rootshoot ratio and biomass production was recorded when 75% compost level was applied. Overall, Acacia performed better with 100% of compost application in field trail and 75% of compost application in pot trial. The results of this study demonstrated the positive effects of compost on the growth of Acacia. The seedling development was improved considerably with different levels having greater percentage of organic fertilizer and it was concluded that compost improves soil fertility and it should be used as organic fertilizer in farming and forestry practices for improving crop growth and yield.
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Paul, Priyanka, Shaikh Motasim Billah, Bidhan Chandro Sarker, and Fahmida Faiza. "Amelioration of Soil Fertility by the Application of Different Fruit Waste Composts." Asian Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 10, no. 4 (2024): 272–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajsspn/2024/v10i4402.
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The soil health status of Bangladesh decreased day by day, particularly organic matter and major nutrient content. The organic matter content in most of the agricultural soil in Bangladesh is <2%, which indicates poor soil health condition. In Bangladesh, almost every day, an enormous amount of waste material is produced from different kinds of seasonal and unseasonal fruit’s peels. Lack of proper recycling methods, most of these wastes are thrown away in drains, cannels, rivers, etc. which indicates a major threat to environmental safety. Composts derived from the wastes of different fruit’s peels can be an excellent source of organic matter and essential nutrients for soil health improvement. Therefore, the present study was carried out to evaluate the changes in physicochemical properties and nutrient contents of experimental soil treated with compost prepared from different types of fruit’s waste. The compost was prepared accordingly using different types of fruits waste and then the collected compost was thoroughly mixed with the soil and kept for six months. The experimental treatment consisted of three organic composts (jackfruit peel compost, mango peel compost, and banana peel compost) and three rates of application (1000, 1500, and 2000 kg ha-1). The experiment was arranged in a factorial completely randomized design and replicated thrice. The analyzed data showed that, the physicochemical properties and nutrient contents of experimental soil varied significantly with the use of different types of fruit’s wastes compared to no waste added soil, except in the case of particle size. Soil mixed with mango peel compost at a rate of 2000 kg ha-1 resulted in a higher available N content (2520 mg kg-1) and available P content (42.56 mg kg-1), whereas the available K content (219.88 mg kg-1), EC (1.55 dS m-1) and CEC (1209.56 meq 100g-1) were found higher in soil treated with banana peel compost of 2000 kg ha-1. On the other hand, soil treated with jackfruit peel compost of 1500 kg ha-1 showed the higher available Ca content (1533.33 mg kg-1) and the jackfruit peel compost of 2000 kg ha-1 resulted in the higher organic carbon (1.98%) and organic matter (3.41%). The findings of this experiment revealed that, compost prepared from different types of fruit peels can be an excellent source of organic matter and nutrients and among the tested composts, mango peel compost was better to improve the physiochemical properties of soil and supply sufficient nutrients for plant growth.
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TONTTI, T., A. NYKÄNEN, and M. KUISMA. "Waste composts as nitrogen fertilizers for forage leys." Agricultural and Food Science 18, no. 1 (2008): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2137/145960609788066807.
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Two field experiments, conventional grass ley and organic grass-clover ley, were established with barley as a nurse crop in spring 2000 and given either low or high fertilization with mineral fertilizer (Mineral) or composts. The compost types were municipal biowaste (Biowaste), biowaste + sewage sludge (BioSludge) and cattle manure (Manure). Plant yields and nitrogen (N) uptakes were measured for three years and efficiency of N utilization was estimated. In single application of compost, the total N was mainly in organic form and less than 10% was in inorganic form. Along with increasing amount of inorganic N applied in compost, the yield, N uptake and N recovery increased during the application year. The highest compost N recovery in the application year was 12%, found with Biowaste. In the following years the highest N recovery was found where the lowest total N had been applied. Clover performance was improved in the organic grass-clover ley established with BioSludge fertilization, producing total ley yield comparable with Manure compost. High total N application in composts caused high N surplus and low N use efficiency over three years. Generally, moderate compost fertilization is suitable for ley crops when supplemented with mineral N fertilizer or clover N fixation.;
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Waliczek, T. M., and N. C. Wagner. "An Investigation of the Impact of Compost Tea Applications on Turf Quality and Soil Microbial Activity." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 41, no. 1 (2023): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/2573-5586-41.1.1.
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Abstract This study investigated the effect of compost tea applications on turf quality and soil microbial activity. Evaluations of turfgrass quality were based on The National Turfgrass Evaluation Program's guidelines while soil samples were analyzed for chemical attributes and microbial activity. Four sites and treatments for the study included: 1) a soil drench compost tea application with irrigation, 2) a soil drench compost tea application with no irrigation, 3) no compost tea application with irrigation, and 4) no compost tea application nor irrigation. Fifteen soil samples and turf quality observations from each treatment were collected for pretest data. Then, post-test data were collected after each additional seasonal test period over the course of one year for each of the four plots. For the four plots, the site which received compost tea applications and regular irrigation received significantly higher turf quality ratings, and compost tea improved turf quality ratings beyond that of regular irrigation. No differences were found in microbial populations given the compost tea application. While the study results provided evidence of the value of compost tea to overall turf quality aesthetics, more research is recommended regarding compost tea applications and beneficial soil microbial populations in turf. Species used in this study: Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) L. Pers.
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Musa, Aishatu Mala, Che Fauziah Ishak, Noraini Md Jaafar, and Daljit Singh Karam. "Carbon Dynamics of Fruit and Vegetable Wastes and Biodegradable Municipal Waste Compost-Amended Oxisol." Sustainability 13, no. 19 (2021): 10869. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131910869.
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Recycling of wastes via composting is advocated as a means to reduce environmental hazards due to the dumping of wastes. Composting also creates a vital source of organic matter that is important in nutrient and soil moisture retention, soil fertility preservation and improving the physical and chemical properties of soils. This study was conducted to evaluate the short-term effects of four compost amendments in an Oxisol on carbon dynamics (carbon dioxide evolution and carbon transformation). The composts were prepared in 3:1 and 1:2 of fruit and vegetable waste (FVW) to biodegradable municipal waste (BMW) with and without indigenous microorganisms (IMO) (3:1 +IMO, 1:2 +IMO, 3:1 −IMO, 1:2 −IMO). Soil incubation studies were carried out for 35 days at three compost application rates of 0, 5 and 10 Mg ha−1, with measurements done including the CO2 evolution, dehydrogenase enzyme (DHA) assay and compost Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy spectral analysis. At 10 Mg ha−1 compost application rate, increased soil respiration rate was obtained at 3:1 +IMO compost, mostly due to increased labile organic matter and higher amount of FVW in the compost mixture, which stimulated soil microorganisms and/or their activities reflected by increased evolution of CO2 in the process of decomposition of the added composts in the compost-amended soils. The DHA activity increased with compost application rates, and significantly, the highest DHA activity was recorded at 3:1 +IMO compost applied at 10 Mg ha−1 soil at 1.38 triphenylformazan (TPF)/g dry soil/24 h. The compost FTIR spectral analysis showed transformations that occurred due to the composting that was carried out. A broadband between 3279–3347 cm wavelength in the FTIR spectroscopy indicated the presence of carboxylic and hydroxyl functional groups because of carbon transformation that occurred in the composts.
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Creegan, Emily F., Robert Flynn, Catherine E. Brewer, Richard J. Heerema, Murali Darapuneni, and Ciro Velasco-Cruz. "Pecan Biomass and Dairy Manure Utilization: Compost Treatment and Soil In-Situ Comparisons of Selected Pecan Crop and Soil Variables." Processes 11, no. 7 (2023): 2046. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11072046.
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A compost program was developed on-farm, utilizing tree trimming biomass from a commercial pecan farm comprised of 14-year-old improved cultivar Western Schley pecan (Carya illinoinensis) tree stands. The direct soil application of shredded pecan tree biomass (P) and dairy manure (M) served as a standard on-farm practice. Three composts were produced using P and M with varying levels of other inputs and processing. The PM compost contained only P and M and its production included only weekly turning and watering. The other two composts included P, M, unfinished compost, and clay inputs, and either additional landscaping residues (A) (designated PM/A compost) or “green chop” (on-farm grown legumes, G) (designated PMG/A compost); production of PM/A and PMG/A composts included additional processing steps intended to improve compost quality per the recommendations of a compost consulting company. Soil samples were taken at three depths (0–15 cm, 15–30 cm, 30–61 cm) in November 2017 from the 1.3 ha study plot of trees. The standard practice and compost treatments were applied at approximately 18 t/ha in January 2018 and 2019 at a 15 cm depth. Soils were re-sampled at the end of the two-year study. Composts and soils were analyzed for: pH, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), electrical conductivity, and total carbon, organic matter, magnesium, calcium, sodium, nitrate-N, total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), available phosphorus, potassium, zinc, manganese, iron, and copper contents. Pecan tree leaf nutrient content, stem water potential, and leaf greenness were also measured one and two years after soil amendment application. While increases in several soil properties were observed with the treatments, only available phosphorus content was significantly different between pre and post at all depths. Electrical conductivity, TKN, Fe, Cu, SAR, and Na content showed significant differences in the upper soil layers. No differences in leaf properties were observed. This suggests that there are minimal differences in the outcomes for compost application compared to in situ biomass application; additional compost inputs and processing did not provide additional short-term soil or plant benefits for pecan tree production. More work is needed to determine if there are long-term benefits to soil quality, plant health and performance, or carbon sequestration that impact the economic and environmental decision-making processes for composting and application of local organic wastes.
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Hodson, Amanda K., Jordan M. Sayre, Maria C. C. P. Lyra, and Jorge L. Mazza Rodrigues. "Influence of Recycled Waste Compost on Soil Food Webs, Nutrient Cycling and Tree Growth in a Young Almond Orchard." Agronomy 11, no. 9 (2021): 1745. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11091745.
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Composting is an effective strategy to process agricultural and urban waste into forms that may be beneficial to crops. The objectives of this orchard field study were to characterize how a dairy manure compost and a food waste compost influenced: (1) soil nitrogen and carbon pools, (2) bacterial and nematode soil food webs and (3) tree growth and leaf N. The effects of composts were compared with fertilized and unfertilized control plots over two years in a newly planted almond orchard. Both dairy manure compost and food waste compost increased soil organic matter pools, as well as soil nitrate and ammonium at certain time points. Both composts also distinctly altered bacterial communities after application, specifically those groups with carbon degrading potential, and increased populations of bacterial feeding nematodes, although in different timeframes. Unique correlations were observed between nematode and bacterial groups within compost treatments that were not present in controls. Food waste compost increased trunk diameters compared to controls and had greater relative abundance of herbivorous root tip feeding nematodes. Results suggest that recycled waste composts contribute to biologically based nitrogen cycling and can increase tree growth, mainly within the first year after application.
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Helgason, Bobbi L., Francis J. Larney, H. Henry Janzen, and Barry M. Olson. "Nitrogen dynamics in soil amended with composted cattle manure." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 87, no. 1 (2007): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s06-023.
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The amount and pattern of plant-available nitrogen (N) release from composts are variable and not well-defined. We used a 425-d canola (Brassica napus L.) bioassay to follow the release of N from eight composted cattle manures applied to soil at 20 g kg-1. Two stockpiled manures, one inorganic fertilizer and an unamended control were also included for comparison. Eight consecutive 30-d growth cycles were conducted in a controlled environment chamber (20°C) and plant N uptake was measured. Total N uptake was greatest from the N fertilizer and least from the wood-chip bedded manure. Addition of compost increased N uptake by 27–99% compared with that in the control. Nitrogen uptake from compost was directly proportional to its inorganic N content (r2 = 0.98; P < 0.0001) showing that the initial inorganic N content of compost, analyzed prior to its application can be used to predict plant available N. In seven of the eight composts studied, less than 5% of organic N was mineralized over 425 d, suggesting that little of the organic N in compost becomes available in the year of application. Compost is a valuable organic amendment, but co-application of N fertilizer is recommended to supply adequate N and optimize the benefits of compost for crop growth. Key words: Plant-available nitrogen, compost, nitrogen mineralization, beef manure
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Eka Suci, Yanuavitha Triana, Zainal Muktamar, Fahrurrozi Fahrurrozi, et al. "THE USE OF Sphagneticola trilobata L. AND Melastoma affine D. COMPOSTS TO IMPROVE CERTAIN SOIL CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND SWEET CORN GROWTH AND YIELD." International Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Research 11, no. 01 (2025): 185–201. https://doi.org/10.51193/ijaer.2025.11112.
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Crop productivity can be limited by the poor availability of nutrients from soil degradation due to the prolonged and excessive use of synthetic fertilizers. Weed-based organic fertilizers offer a sustainable solution to improve soil fertility in degraded lands. This study was aimed to investigate the chemical properties of selected soils after weed compost application and determine the most effective type of weed-based compost and identify the optimal dose of compost made from Sphagneticola trilobata L. Pruski and Melastoma affine D. Don to improve growth and yield of sweet corn. The experiment was conducted using a Completely Randomized Design. The treatments were consisted of application dosages of weed-based compost S. trilobata L. (S) and M. affine D (M); S0 (control/no treatment), S1 (10 tons/ha), S2 (20 tons/ha), S3 (30 tons/ha), M1 (10 tons/ha), M2 (20 tons/ha), and M3 (30 tons/ha). Results indicated that applying weed compost significantly improved soil properties, including total N, organic C, available P, exchangeable Ca, and soil pH, compared to the unfertilized plot. Likewise, soil treated with S. trilobata L. compost (S) exhibited a higher content of total N, available P, exchangeable Ca, exchangeable Mg, and pH than soil treated with M. affine D. (M) compost. The use of weed composts also significantly enhanced sweet corn growth and yield and S. trilobata L. compost demonstrated superior performance over M. affine D. compost. A weed compost application rate of 10 tons/ha was sufficiently effective to increase sweet corn growth and yield. These findings highlighted the potential of utilizing weed-derived composts as a sustainable approach to soil fertility management and crop production.
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Purnomo, Erry. "Response of Maize Grown on Overburden Soil in a Coal Mining Area without Top Soil to Various Compost Sources." JOURNAL OF TROPICAL SOILS 20, no. 2 (2016): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2015.v20i2.95-99.
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Soil in Kalimantan Island is considered infertile. To obtain a reasonable crop yield a high input fertilizer package should be applied. The situation will be worsening when an open pit system of coal mining adopted. Failure in re-arranging the soil layers can result in decreasing soil fertility compared to original soil prior to mining. This study aimed to determine the improvement of soil fertility of a disposal without top soil by using composts from various sources, namely, the public garbage pile, commercial compost, and compost from kitchen waste. The experiment was conducted in a disposal area of a coal mining of PT AI. A series of application rate of compost was set. This was 0, 5, 10, and 20 tonne compost ha-1. A plot with top soil was involved for another control. Maize was selected as the plant indicator to evaluate the effect of treatments applied. It can be concluded that application of composts to reclamation area without top soil significantly improve soil fertility. Among the composts used, K-compost (compost from kitchen waste) was the best in improving soil fertility. There were some characters of the compost that had not enough to support maize yield. These were P, K, and pH. Addition of P and K fertilizers and lime material are needed. Of the equation coefficients obtained, the b coefficient of equation belong to K-compost was higher than of the others.
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Lebedev, Ivan, Tat'yana Zubkova, and Dmitry Vinogradov. "EFFICIENCY OF ORGANOMINERAL FERTILIZER APPLICATION IN SPRING WHEAT GROWING TECHNOLOGY." Bulletin of KSAU, no. 3 (March 10, 2025): 23–33. https://doi.org/10.36718/1819-4036-2025-3-23-33.
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The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of organomineral fertilizers based on spent fungal compost with different storage periods on the formation of the main quality indicators and grain yield of spring wheat. Objectives: to study the effect of organic fertilizers on the content of pigments in wheat sprouts; to establish the elements of the spring wheat yield structure depending on the nutrition level; to evaluate the wheat yield and product quality in the experiment. The studies were conducted in the Yeletsky District of the Lipetsk Region in 2022 and 2023. Industrial implementation and study of the effect of this organomineral fertilizer was carried out in the conditions of Plamya LLC, the Korablinsky District, the Ryazan Region. The experimental design included two factors: factor A – spring wheat varieties Granni and Arabella; factor B – the variant of the soil used (1 – control – without compost; 2 – semi-rotted compost; 3 – rotted compost). The composition of semi-rotted and rotted composts, respectively: organic matter – 66.3 and 25.9 %; nitrogen – 0.5 and 0.45; phosphorus – 0.63 and 0.51; potassium – 0.44 and 0.39 %. It should be noted that the introduction of organic composts contributed to the accumulation of such pigments as chlorophylls a and b, as well as carotenoids. The total amount of pigments was maximum in the vegetative mass of wheat plants of the Granni variety, obtained in the variant with the introduction of semi-rotted compost 2.171 mg/g of raw mass, in the control variant this figure was 1.857 mg/g of raw mass. The yield of spring wheat varieties, depending on the experimental variants, was in the following ranges: Arabella – 24.7–28.8 c/ha; Granni – 30.4–38.4 c/ha. The highest productivity was demonstrated by the variants where semi-rotted fungal compost was used as fertilizer (Granni – 38.4 c/ha; Arabella – 28.8 c/ha).
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Salman, Muhammad, Inamullah, Aftab Jamal, et al. "Composting Sugarcane Filter Mud with Different Sources Differently Benefits Sweet Maize." Agronomy 13, no. 3 (2023): 748. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13030748.
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Reusing organic wastes in land applications would enhance the recovery of resources, following the concepts of the circular economy. The sugarcane-based sugar industry produces various by-products (e.g., sugarcane filter mud, molasses, and bagasse) that have the potential to contribute to crop production and soil fertility, owing to their high contents of organic matter and nutrients. Although the agricultural benefits of compost utilization in agriculture have been well-documented, to the best of our knowledge, few scientific data are currently available on the effects of sugarcane filter mud combined with the application of compost for increasing crop production. Thus, a field experiment was carried out to study how sugarcane filter mud, in combination with two compost sources, affected the growth and yield of sweet maize (Zea mays var. saccharata). We compared (i) two types of compost made from brassica residue and household waste applied at a rate of 9 t ha−1, and (ii) two application rates of sugarcane filter mud: 0 and 2 t ha−1 to two controls without any compost application: one with (+SFM) and one without (−SFM) sugar filter mud. The results highlighted that all crop growth and yield parameters benefited more from the domestic waste compost than from the brassica straw compost. Moreover, the addition of sugar filter mud to the compost further boosted the crop performance. Based on the above results, we concluded that the addition of sugarcane filter mud to locally available composts is a feasible approach for more sustainable production of sweet maize, combining efficient waste disposal and the provision of organic matter to the soil.
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Ghouili, Emna, Ghassen Abid, Moez Jebara, et al. "Proteomic Analysis of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Leaves in Response to Date Palm Waste Compost Application." Plants 11, no. 23 (2022): 3287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11233287.
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Composts are an emerging biofertilizers used in agronomy that can improve crop performance, but much less is known regarding their modes of action. The current study aimed to investigate the differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) in barley leaves associated with growth promotion induced by application of date palm waste compost. Morphophysiological measurements revealed that compost induced a significant increase in plant height, chlorophyll content, gas exchange parameters and plant biomass. LC-MS/MS analyses indicate that compost induced global changes in the proteome of barley leaves. A total of 62 DAPs (26 upregulated and 36 downregulated) among a total of 2233 proteins were identified in response to compost application. The expression of DAPs was further validated based on qRT-PCR. Compost application showed altered abundance of several proteins related to abiotic stress, plant defense, redox homeostasis, transport, tricarboxylic acid cycle, carbohydrate, amino acid, energy and protein metabolism. Furthermore, proteins related to metabolic processes of phytohormone, DNA methylation and secondary metabolites were induced. These results indicate that barley responds to compost application by complex metabolism pathways and may result in a positive alteration in a physiological and metabolic barley plant state which consequently could lead to improved growth and stress adaptation observed in compost-treated plants.
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Wright, Alan L., Tony L. Provin, Frank M. Hons, David A. Zuberer, and Richard H. White. "Nutrient Accumulation and Availability in Compost-amended Turfgrass Soil." HortScience 42, no. 6 (2007): 1473–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.42.6.1473.
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Compost application to turfgrasses may contribute to accumulation of macronutrients in soil and eventually pose leaching and runoff hazards. The objectives of this study were to determine the influence of compost on soil-dissolved organic C (DOC) and accumulation of NH4OAc-EDTA-extractable and water-soluble nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and sulfur (S) in St. Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze] turf. Dissolved organic C increased from 3 to 29 months after application for unamended and compost-amended soils, indicating contribution from decomposition of both compost and St. Augustinegrass residues. Dissolved organic C was 75%, 78%, and 101% greater 29 months after application of 0, 80, and 160 mg·ha−1 of compost, respectively, than before application. Dissolved organic C and macronutrients exhibited considerable seasonal variation, because DOC and EDTA-extractable P, Ca, Mg, and S increased after compost application, whereas NO3 declined. Water-soluble K, Ca, and Mg declined, whereas P and S increased from 0 to 29 months. Similar seasonal changes in macronutrient concentrations occurred for unamended and compost-amended soil, indicating that composts, in addition to turfgrass residues, influenced DOC and macronutrient dynamics. Long-term nutrient accumulation occurred in compost-amended turfgrass, but seasonal dynamics were more related to the growth stage of turfgrass than compost. Formation of DOC-cation complexes appeared to contribute to macronutrient mobility, because decreases in DOC and nutrient concentrations occurred during turfgrass dormancy in winter and after high precipitation levels, indicating the potential for leaching of DOC-associated nutrients from soil.
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Rahmani, Mohammad, Alan W. Hodges, and Clyde F. Kiker. "Compost Users' Attitudes Toward Compost Application In Florida." Compost Science & Utilization 12, no. 1 (2004): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1065657x.2004.10702158.
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Gaskell, M. L. "Effects of Repeated Application of Four Rates of Two Composts Varying in Carbon: Nitrogen Ratio on Soil Nitrogen and Leaf Lettuce Yield." HortScience 31, no. 4 (1996): 669f—670. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.669f.
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The effects of repeated application of two composts differing in carbon: nitrogen (C: N) ratio on soil NO3-N, soil NH4-N, and leaf lettuce yield was studied over three sequential crop cycles from 1995 to 1996. One compost type (HiCN) was prepared primarily from yard wastes and had a C: N ratio of 29 to 32:1 The other compost (LoCN) was a compost composed of a mixture of crude materials including yard wastes, feedlot manures, and vegetable trimmings and had a C: N ratio of 10 to 12:1. Before transplanting leaf lettuce, both composts were applied and incorporated in the same plots repeatedly over three crop cycles at rates of 9, 18, 36, and 54 Mg·ha–1 (dry mass) in each application. In the first crop cycle, no differences were observed for weekly soil NO3-N, NH4-N, or leaf lettuce yield among compost types or rates. In the second and third crop cycles, weekly soil NO3-N and soil NH4-N were directly related to LoCN compost application rates. First harvest lettuce yield was also directly related to LoCN rate in the second and third cycles, but total yield was not related to LoCN rate. In the second and third cycles, soil NO3-N and early and total lettuce yield were inversely related to rate of application of the HiCN material. Weekly soil NH4–N was not consistently related to application rates of HiCN or LoCN material.
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Khan, MAI, MHR Hira, S. Rahaman, et al. "Way of compost application for organic farming." SAARC Journal of Agriculture 17, no. 1 (2019): 211–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v17i1.42774.
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Application of composts is an alternative of synthetic agrochemicals for eco-friendly farming. Work is limited on the effective and economic way of compost application in Bangladesh. A study was done at the Field Science Center, Saga University, Japan with green tea waste – rice bran compost (GRC) application. Radish (Raphanus sativus L.), spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) and komatsuna (Brassica rapa var. pervidis) were used as test plants. GRC was applied at 1.0 kg m-2 by mulching on soil after seeding. It enhanced seed germination, seedling growth and improved crop yield of spinach and radish grown in a controlled condition. Among the two application methods, post-sowing mulching (PSM) reduced water loss from upper soil surface, thus enhanced seed germination and better growth compared to pre-sowing incorporation (PSI) system. This study also suggests that improper compost incorporation to soil may impair seed germination, seedling growth and likely crop yield.
 SAARC J. Agri., 17(1): 211-217 (2019)
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Mahongnao, Sophayo, Pooja Sharma, Arif Ahamad, et al. "Characterization of the Bacterial Microbiome Structure and Identification of the Beneficial Genera in the Leaf Litter Compost for its Potential Application as a Bioorganic Fertilizer." Nature Environment and Pollution Technology 23, no. 3 (2024): 1301–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.46488/nept.2024.v23i03.005.
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This study investigates the potential of leaf and various organic waste composts as bio-organic fertilizers using 16S rRNA metagenomics. The microbial richness and diversity analysis, employing alpha and beta diversity indices, reveal substantial variations influenced by organic substrates during composting. The leaf compost had a high total OTU (70,554) but low microbial diversity (Chao 1 index = 272.27). The kitchen waste compost had the highest microbial diversity (Chao 1 index = 429.18). Positive correlations between microbial biomass, diversity, and compost quality highlighted the pivotal role of microbial activity. The beneficial genera identified across all the bio-composts were Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, Sphingobacterium, Paenibacillus, Pseudomonas, and Clostridium. Some pathogenic genera were also detected in all the composts analyzed, viz. Prevotella, Agrobacterium, Fusobacterium, and Streptococcus. Nonetheless, the ratio of beneficial to the pathogenic genera was generally high in all compost, highlighting the enrichment with beneficial microorganisms. The leaf compost demonstrated the highest proportion of beneficial genera, about 92%, indicating significant bio-fertilizing potential, with a low % level of pathogenic genera of about 3%. Thus, the leaf compost has excellent potential to be used as a bio-organic fertilizer. Understanding the microbial composition of organic waste composts is crucial for its application as bio-fertilizer for promoting sustainable agriculture.
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Liu, Y. Y., M. Ukita, T. Imai, and T. Higuchi. "Recycling mineral nutrients to farmland via compost application." Water Science and Technology 53, no. 2 (2006): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.044.
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Increased cultivation of farmland has resulted in nutrient deficiency and consequently fertility degradation of soils. This research examined the application of composted wastes in terms of the feasibility and effectiveness of recycling plant essential minerals. Minerals in composts (derived from sewage sludge, livestock excrement, and municipal solid wastes, respectively) and in amended soils were observed. Ca/Mg ratios in amended soils and the effect of compost applications (mineral nutrients and heavy metals) on plant uptake were also studied. Results showed that composts, especially those made from sewage sludge and livestock excrement, were richer in mineral nutrients but also contained more heavy metals than untreated soil. The increase in some elements and plant-growth-essential Ca/Mg ratios were found in amended farmlands, implying that compost applications have made up for the nutrient deficiency and have adjusted chemical conditions of the soil. The soil contamination from heavy metals was noticeable. However, some results showed that the large existence of mineral nutrients and heavy metals in soils has caused no significant increase in the plant uptake of elements. The controlled composting process and farmland uses are believed necessary for reducing the heavy metal accumulation in agricultural plants.
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Huseyin Husnu KAYIKCIOGLU and Nur OKUR. "Evaluation of Soil Microbial Activity and Maize (Zea mays L.) Growth in Soil Amended with Composted Agroindustrial Wastes." ISPEC Journal of Agricultural Sciences 4, no. 2 (2020): 99–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.46291/ispecjasvol4iss2pp99-113.
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The present study was performed to emphasize that tobacco waste compost can be used as an organic material resource in soils under semi-arid climate conditions. We determined soil microbial activity as well as the contents of the nutrition and the biomass of maize plant to indicate which compost is the most suitable one for decomposing by microorganisms in the soil. In the greenhouse experiment, the treatments consisted of tobacco waste compost (TWC), tobacco waste+olive pomace compost (TWOPC), tobacco waste+grape pomace compost (TWGPC), tobacco waste+ farmyard manure compost (TWFYC), inorganic fertilization (NPK) and control soil. Soil respiration was higher in TWC amended soils, followed by TWOPC, TWGPC and TWFYC amended soils compared to non-amended soils. The effect of compost applications on enzyme activity of soil was significant. The activities of protease, urease and dehydrogenase were significantly higher in the soil amended with TWC as compared to those of the other composts. Β-Glucosidase activity was highest (21 %) in TWOPC with respect to control soil. Aryl sulphatase activity in the soils amended with the composts increased between 20 to 26 % with respect to the control. Activity of alkaline phosphatase in soils amended with the composts was not different from the amount obtained for control soil. The maximum values of leaf N, K and biomass weight of maize plant were found in inorganic fertilizer treatment (NPK). The biomass weight increased 115 % and 83 %, respectively, in NPK and TWC treatments compared to the control soil. The results suggested that application of the composts including tobacco waste to soil at a rate of 30 t ha-1 increased the amounts of microbial activity, organic C, available P and K in soil. On the other hand, the amount of total N in the composts is not enough for the growth of maize plant.
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Mira, MILINKOVIĆ, LALEVIĆ Blažo, Oljača Snežana, LIČINA Vlado, JOVIČIĆ PETROVIĆ Jelena, and RAIČEVIĆ Vera. "EFFECTS OF COMPOST PRODUCTS ON SEED GERMINATION OF VEGETABLES." Contemporary Agriculture (2015) 64, no. 3-4 (2015): 235–40. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5813337.
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The aim of this work is determination of influence of different compost leachates and teas types on vegetables seed germination. Composts used for leachate and tea production were produced of municipal waste (MSW) and waste from tobacco industry (TW). Results achieved with MSW products were comparable to control. Compost products derived from TW showed significant phytotoxicity, which can be correlated with their chemical composition. Leachates from MSW compost lead to the lower germination index in comparison to MSW compost teas, which indicates the possibilites their application.
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Anita Szabó, István Gonda, and Inre Vágó. "Compost application in integrated and organic fruit cultivation." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 48 (July 31, 2012): 135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/48/2468.
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Nowadays the success vegetable and fruit production are unimaginable without regular nutrient management. One of the ways to supply the required nutrients in an environmentally friendly way is the application of composts, which is less widespread so far. Compost doses were applied in biological and integrated apple orchards in cooperation with the Institute of Horticultural Science in the years 2010 and 2011. Different changes were resulted by the compost treatments in the examined parameters in case of both apple varieties (Golden Delicious and Pinova). There is no clear effect of compost on the changes of ash-, total acids, Vitamin C and the sugar content until now, because the improvement of the nutritional indicators takes more time. However significant differences were observed after one year between the apple varieties. Higher ash-, total acids and sugar content were measured in case of the apple variety Pinova, while the measurements showed higher Vitamin C content in case of the variety Golden Delicious.
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Palanivell, Perumal, Kasim Susilawati, Osumanu Haruna Ahmed, and Nik Muhamad Majid. "Compost and Crude Humic Substances Produced from Selected Wastes and Their Effects onZea maysL. Nutrient Uptake and Growth." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/276235.
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Production of agriculture and timber commodities leads generation of enormous quantity of wastes. Improper disposal of these agroindustrial wastes pollutes the environment. This problem could be reduced by adding value to them. Therefore, a study was carried out to analyse and compare the nutrients content of RS, RH, SD, and EFB of composts and crude humic substances; furthermore, their effect on growth, dry matter production, and nutrient uptake forZea maysL., and selected soil chemical properties were evaluated. Standard procedures were used to analyze humic acids (HA), crude fulvic acids (CFA), crude humin (CH), soil, dry matter production and nutrient uptake. Sawdust and RS compost matured at 42 and 47 days, respectively, while RH and EFB composts were less matured at 49th day of composting. Rice straw compost had higher ash, N, P, CEC, HA, K, and Fe contents with lower organic matter, total organic carbon, and C/N and C/P ratios. The HA of sawdust compost showed higher carbon, carboxylic, K, and Ca contents compared to those of RS, RH, and EFB. Crude FA of RS compost showed highest pH, total K, Ca, Mg, and Na contents. Crude humin from RS compost had higher contents of ash, N, P, and CEC. Rice straw was superior in compost, CFA, and CH, while sawdust compost was superior in HA. Application of sawdust compost significantly increased maize plants’ diameter, height, dry matter production, N, P, and cations uptake. It also reduced N, P, and K based chemical fertilizer use by 90%. Application of CH and the composts evaluated in this study could be used as an alternative for chemical fertilizers in maize cultivation.
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NAIR, HARITHA THULASEEDHARAN, GOKUL R. NATH, and SIDDHURAJU PERUMAL. "Impact of different organic compost on seed germination and seedling growth performance of mungbean (Vigna radiata)." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 94, no. 2 (2024): 229–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v94i2.136493.
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A better understanding of the physical and biological properties of compost enables us to use the compost wisely in agricultural practices. Besides the bright side of compost on plant growth and soil fertility, immature or unstable compost may be harmful to plants, soil, and soil microorganisms too. Therefore, quality assessment of compost is essential before using it for any type of agricultural activities which will lead to environmentally safe and sustainable farming practices. In the prsent study, compost was used as a substrate for seed germination and not as a fertilizer. So, more investigations must be done in the future to interpret the growth of different crops, their yield and the role of these different composts in it. Using the composts by mixing with soil in different ratios may also give different results, as one of our treatments didn’t show any germination. However, such nutrient-enriched compost materials can appropriately be diluted with a mixture of other organic composts or soil, and further application may provide adequate nutrient sources for crop productivity in the field conditions. This may also reduce the biodegradable waste accumulation in urban and semi-urban vicinity.
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Ahmad, Rizwan, Muhammad Naveed, Muhammad Aslam, Zahir A. Zahir, Muhammad Arshad, and Ghulam Jilani. "Economizing the use of nitrogen fertilizer in wheat production through enriched compost." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 23, no. 03 (2008): 243–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170508002299.
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AbstractManipulation of organic wastes and their composts as a source of organic matter (OM) and nutrients is imperative for sustainable agriculture. Further, the fortification of composts with chemical fertilizer enhances agronomic effectiveness of both by reducing the amount of fertilizer and improving the quality of compost. The present study aimed to explore the potential of organic and chemical nutrient sources with their optimal application and integration for sustainable wheat production. Accordingly, waste fruits and vegetables were collected, dried, ground and processed in a composting vessel. During the enriched composting, waste material (300 kg) was fortified with 30 kg N, i.e. 25% of the standard rate (120 kg N ha−1) of N fertilizer. Treatments for both greenhouse and field experiments using wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) included: control (without any compost or N fertilizer), compost (non-enriched), fertilizer N 120 (120 kg N ha−1), nitrogen-enriched compost (NEC), NEC+N 30 (30 kg N ha−1) and NEC+N 60 (60 kg N ha−1). Application rate of composts (non-enriched or enriched) was 300 kg ha−1in the respective treatments. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were applied at 90 kg P2O5ha−1and 60 kg K2O ha−1, respectively in all treatments. The crop was grown to maturity, and data on wheat growth and yield attributes were recorded. Application of NEC significantly improved the growth, yield and N, P and K contents of wheat compared with compost and control treatments. The performance of NEC+N 60 was statistically similar to that of fertilizer N 120. Economic analysis also revealed the superiority of NEC+N 60 over other treatments in terms of net return and relative increase in income; however, the value/cost ratio was highest with NEC alone. For effective and economical use of N fertilizer, it is suggested to integrate N fertilizer at reduced rates with NEC. Through enriched compost, application rates can be decreased from tonnes to kilograms per hectare, and dependence on chemical fertilizer can be reduced to a certain extent. So the approach is farmer friendly as it lowers compost application rates, and is economically acceptable as it saves N fertilizer. It is also environmentally sustainable due the recycling of organic waste and possible reduction of N losses to the environment. Thus, the study has wide application in the global environment and fertilizer market.
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Lalremruati, Mary, Angom Sarjubala Devi, and Anil Pratap Singh. "Influence of compost Amendments on the germination and Growth performance of Zea mays L." Ecology, Environment and Conservation 28, no. 04 (2022): 2156–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2022.v28i04.078.
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Maize is a highly consumed staple food in developing countries and the demand is predicted to double in the coming years. Therefore, there is a need to improve production through the use of compost amendments for sustainability. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of three compost amendments (lemon peels, vegetable waste, and cooked food waste) on the germination and growth of maize (Zea mays). The results showed that the application of 17% (116 t/ha) of vegetable waste or lemon peel composts supported maximum maize growth. However, vegetable waste compost had the highest potassium content, which supported maximum root growth and biomass yield. Although the addition of 17% cooked food waste compost resulted in excess nitrogen supply, reducing its application to 7% (50t/ha) supplied the required level for maize germination.
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Jiří, Souček, Pražan Radek, Roy Amitava, Plíva Petr, Jelínek Antonín, and Vegricht Jiří. "Comparison of logistic, energy and exploitative parameters of compost and manure application by spreaders." Research in Agricultural Engineering 63, Special Issue (2017): S33—S39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/37/2017-rae.
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This article deals with comparison of composts and manure use from the viewpoint of handling, transport and application on agricultural land. The published values were established by measurements under working conditions and afterwards converted on the basis of the content of nutrients defined in laboratory. Compost contained a greater share of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and had higher dry matter content and lower volume weight. Direct consumed energy expressed by recalculation of the consumed diesel fuel in case of composts moved from 5.12 MJ/kg (potassium) up to 16.19 MJ/kg (phosphorus). In case of manure it was higher and moved from 10.49 MJ/kg (nitrogen) up to 29.79 MJ/kg (phosphorus). The greatest share in energy consumption occupies transport, which was considered uniformly at the distance of 5 km. The study confirmed the feasibility of use of compost in agriculture as a partial substitute of conventional organic fertilizers; for its handling, transport and application the standard mechanization used for manure may be utilized.
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Kamanga, Rowland Maganizo, Isaiah Matuntha, Grace Chawanda, et al. "Exploration of Agronomic Efficacy and Drought Amelioration Ability of Municipal Solid-Waste-Derived Co-Compost on Lettuce and Maize." Sustainability 16, no. 23 (2024): 10548. https://doi.org/10.3390/su162310548.
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Organic soil amendments, such as composts, mitigate the negative impacts on the environment that are caused by poor waste management practices. However, in the sub-Saharan African region, and Malawi in particular, studies investigating the agronomical efficacy and their ability to ameliorate drought stress when used as a soil amendment are minimal. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of sewage sludge and municipal solid waste (MSW) co-compost to ameliorate drought stress and improve crop productivity. Three experiments were conducted (i) to determine optimal application rate for co-compost, (ii) to evaluate yield response of maize and lettuce to co-compost application under contrasting soils, and (iii) to assess the effect of co-compost under water-limited conditions. Our results indicate that an application rate of 350 g co-compost per station was the most effective. This rate is 50% and 37% lower than the currently recommended rate for applying conventional compost to green vegetables and maize, respectively. In addition, under drought conditions, the co-compost application enhanced growth in lettuce, with less wilting, increased biomass and yield, approximately 130% greater leaf yield, and a 138% improvement in root growth. Furthermore, the relative root mass ratio (RRMR) was enhanced with the co-compost application by 103% under drought stress. This suggests that the co-compost amendment resulted in a greater allocation of biomass to the roots, which is a crucial morphological attribute for adapting to drought conditions. The concentration of K in the leaves and roots of plants treated with co-compost was significantly increased by 44% and 61%, respectively, under drought conditions, which may have contributed to osmotic adjustment, resulting in a significant increase in leaf relative water content (RWC) by a magnitude of 11 times. Therefore, in light of the rising inorganic fertilizer costs and the limited availability of water resources, these results demonstrate the potential of MSW and sludge co-composting in ameliorating the drastic effects of water- and nutrient-deficient conditions and optimizing growth and yield under these constraining environments.
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S. Sheikshalik, G. Sivakumar, and M. Meyyappan. "Assessing the Influence of Bio-digested Bone Sludge Compost on Root Morphology in Rice Cultivation." Ecology, Environment and Conservation 30, Suppl (2024): S369—S372. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2024.v30i06s.054.
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This study, conducted in 2022 at the Experimental Farm of the Department of Agronomy, Annamalai University, investigates the impact of bio-digested bone sludge compost on rice root length and volume. Assessing various combinations of organic composts and inorganic fertilizers, the research aims to elucidate their effects on rice growth. Results indicate a significant increase in both root length and volume with the use of bio-digested bone sludge compost, particularly when combined with pressmud compost. This suggests its potential in enhancing sustainable rice cultivation practices by promoting root development, improving nutrient absorption, and enhancing soil structure. Furthermore, the integration of organic composts with inorganic fertilizers ensures a balanced nutrient supply to rice plants, further enhancing growth and productivity. Among the treatments tested, application of bone sludge compost @ 5 t/ha + Pressmud compost @ 5 t/ha, along with balanced N and K through fertilizers (T4 ), demonstrated superior performance in root length and volume. In conclusion, the study highlights the efficacy of incorporating bio-digested bone sludge compost, especially in conjunction with pressmud compost, as a sustainable approach to maximize rice yield. These findings underscore the benefits of utilizing organic soil amendments in rice cultivation, offering valuable insights into environmentally friendly farming practices. Overall, this research contributes to our understanding of optimizing agricultural practices for enhanced crop productivity and sustainability. Considering the results of the present investigation, it can be concluded that the application of bone sludge compost @ 5 t/ha + Pressmud compost @ 5 t/ha, along with balanced N and K through fertilizers, registered the highest values in root length and root volume in rice.
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Barker, Allen V., and Tara A. O'Brien. "Sod Production in Composts." HortScience 33, no. 2 (1998): 203a. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.2.0203a.
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Composts of agricultural by-products (chicken manure and cranberry pomace), biosolids and woodchips, biosolids mixed municipal solid wastes, and autumn leaves were evaluated for production of turfgrass or wildflower sods. The best sods measured by establishment and growth of stands were in the agricultural compost, which was rich in N (avg. 1.7%) and low in NH4+ (avg. 135 mg N/kg). High NH4+ limited stand establishment with immature biosolids-based composts. Some of these immature composts had total N concentrations >2%. Leaf compost was too low in total N (<0.7%) to support sod production without supplemental fertilization. Aging of each compost improved its capacity to support sod production, apparently as a result of changes in the N status of the media. Growth of soilborne weeds was promoted by incorporation of composts into soil or by application of composts as mulches. A barrier mulch of paper or other materials that impeded weed emergence effected weed control. Use of a mature compost with adequate N and control of weeds are essential practices for sod establishment with composts. E-mail barker@pssci.umass.edu
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Stephen Okhumata Dania, Adebimpe Omowumi Ayegbe, and Bright Ehijiele Amenkhienan. "Effect of different rates of sawdust - piggery compost on soil properties and yield of maize in nutrient depleted soil." World Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology and Sciences 3, no. 1 (2021): 016–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjaets.2021.3.1.0042.
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Compost is an important source of organic fertilizer that can be used to amend degraded soil to improve soil nutrient and crops yield. This experiment was to evaluate the effect of sawdust – piggery compost on soil properties, growth and yield of maize and it was carried out at the Ambrose Alli University Teaching and Research Farm, Emaudo, Ekpoma, Edo State. The experiment was fitted in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with seven treatments and three replicates. The treatments were; control (0), 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 tonnes of sawdust – piggery compost per hectares (ha-1). Data collected were analysed using ANOVA and LSD was used to separate means. Soil nutrients were below critical levels and the application of compost improved fertility status of the soil. Growth parameters, dry matter yield, cob weight, grain yield and nutrient uptake were determined. It was observed that application of Sawdust – piggery compost significantly (p 0.05) increased the growth of maize compared to control. The application of 8 to 12 tonnes of sawdust – piggery compost significantly (p 0.05) increased the plant height, leaf area and stem girth of maize compared to other treatments. The application of 8 to 12 tonnes per hectares (ha-1) of sawdust – piggery compost significantly (p 0.05) increased the cob weight, grain and dry matter yield of maize compared to other treatments, however, the application of 10 t ha-1 of compost to maize increased grain yield of maize than others rate of applications with the yield value of 4.60 t ha-1. The uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were higher with application of 12 tonnes of compost. In conclusion, the application rates of 10 t ha-1 of sawdust – piggery compost per hectare on nutrient depleted soils will improve the growth and yield of maize.
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Díaz Fernández, Daniel, and István Csízi. "The effect of compost made of sheep manure on the first cut of a semi-natural grassland." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 75 (December 28, 2018): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/75/1641.
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In an experiment, two types of compost were tested on natural grassland in order to improve the productivity of a natural sward on solonetz soil. Both composts were made of on-farm produced sheep manure, but the second one was enriched in phosphorus. These fertilizers/composts are officially authorized and can be applied in organic farming. Zero application and three rates of fertilizer were tested (10 t ha-1, 20 t ha-1, 30 t ha-1) on 30 m2 experimental plots wit four replications. Dry matter, crude protein and net energy content for maintenance were measured and determined and their yields per unit area were calculated. We found that all the treated plots produced significantly higher yield than the control ones, and in some cases the yields were almost three times higher. However, the optimal compost dose varied, depending on the examined parameter. Based on the evaluation of the experiment results along with rainfall data, it was concluded that, with higher precipitation, the positive effect of the compost application was bigger. The difference between the natural and enriched compost is remarkable, but it has to be mentioned that even the natural compost showed good results; therefore, it is also effective in improving the fertility of grassland.
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Silva, Ana C., Pedro Rocha, Dulce Geraldo, et al. "Developing a Compost Quality Index (CQI) Based on the Electrochemical Quantification of Cd (HA) Reactivity." Molecules 28, no. 3 (2023): 1503. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28031503.
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The present work demonstrates the use of Cd2+ as a reactivity probe of the fulvic acids (FAs), humic acids (HAs) and dissolved organic matter (DOM) compost extracts. Significant differences were observed between the extracts, with the HA extract showing the highest reactivity. Comparing the different composts, the largest reactivity variation was again observed for HA then FA and finally DOM extracts. The Cd2+ binding extent was used to calculate the quality of composts and compared with a reference of uncomposted organic fertiliser (FLW), leading to the definition of an operational scale of compost quality. The parameter equivalent mass of fertiliser (mEF) was used for this scale sorted the seven composts from 0.353 to 1.09 kg FLW, for compost of sewage sludge (CSS) and vermicompost of domestic waste (CVDW), respectively. The significance of this parameter was verified through a correlation analysis between binding extent and the effect of compost application on lettuce crop growth in a field trial. The results demonstrate the potentiality of FA and HA extracts as markers of compost bioactivity and the use of Cd2+ as a reactivity probe.
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Li, Xuan, Huijuan Bo, Jialei Zhu, et al. "Application of Additives in Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco Tending Shreds Compost in Forest." Forests 13, no. 2 (2022): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13020253.
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This study aimed to explore the effects of different additives on tending shreds of Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco. Two different additives (priming 0.2% and common compost 0.2%) combined with C, N, and P adjustment of raw material treatments were tested on the temperature, moisture, EC, pH, lignocellulose degradation rate, nutrient content, and toxicity of compost. Priming made the compost temperature rise rapidly, and the peak temperature of the composting group with priming reached 51 °C. At the end of composting, the moisture in each treatment from high to low was in the order: common compost > priming > C/N, C/P adjustment only > control group. The increase of EC in the treatments with additives was great, and the peak value of EC in the treatment of priming was 1.30 ms·cm−1, which was 3.9 times higher than that of the control group. At the end of composting, the decomposition rate of cellulose in priming compost was 1.7 times higher than that in the control group, and the hemicellulose decomposition rate in the common compost group was 3.2 times higher than that in the control group. By the end of composting, the pH value of the composts in additive treatments was above 7.0, and the pH value of the priming treatment was the highest (7.5). The highest content of organic matter was found in the priming treatment, which was 52%, 1.7 times higher than that in the control group. The total nutrient content (TN + K2O + P2O5) of additive treatments was higher than 5.0%, and the priming treatment was 2.7% higher than that of the control group. By the end of composting, the germination rate and germination index ranged from 88% to 91% and 60% to 81%. Except for the control group, the C/N ratio of other treatments decreased to below 25. Additives can accelerate the decomposition of raw materials, shorten the composting cycle, and improve the quality of composts, and the effect of adding priming is the most significant.
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Fukuda, Akira, Masato Suzuki, Kohei Makita, and Masaru Usui. "Low-frequency transmission and persistence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and genes from livestock to agricultural soil and crops through compost application." PLOS ONE 19, no. 5 (2024): e0301972. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0301972.
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Livestock excrement is composted and applied to agricultural soils. If composts contain antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (ARB), they may spread to the soil and contaminate cultivated crops. Therefore, we investigated the degree of transmission of ARB and related antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and, as well as clonal transmission of ARB from livestock to soil and crops through composting. This study was conducted at Rakuno Gakuen University farm in Hokkaido, Japan. Samples of cattle feces, solid and liquid composts, agricultural soil, and crops were collected. The abundance of Escherichia coli, coliforms, β-lactam-resistant E. coli, and β-lactam-resistant coliforms, as well as the copy numbers of ARG (specifically the bla gene related to β-lactam-resistant bacteria), were assessed using qPCR through colony counts on CHROMagar ECC with or without ampicillin, respectively, 160 days after compost application. After the application of the compost to the soil, there was an initial increase in E. coli and coliform numbers, followed by a subsequent decrease over time. This trend was also observed in the copy numbers of the bla gene. In the soil, 5.0 CFU g-1 E. coli was detected on day 0 (the day post-compost application), and then, E. coli was not quantified on 60 days post-application. Through phylogenetic analysis involving single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and using whole-genome sequencing, it was discovered that clonal blaCTX-M-positive E. coli and blaTEM-positive Escherichia fergusonii were present in cattle feces, liquid compost, and soil on day 0 as well as 7 days post-application. This showed that livestock-derived ARB were transmitted from compost to soil and persisted for at least 7 days in soil. These findings indicate a potential low-level transmission of livestock-associated bacteria to agricultural soil through composts was observed at low frequency, dissemination was detected. Therefore, decreasing ARB abundance during composting is important for public health.
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Carpenter-Boggs, Lynne, John P. Reganold, and Ann C. Kennedy. "Biodynamic preparations: Short-term effects on crops, soils, and weed populations." American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 15, no. 3 (2000): 110–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300008614.
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AbstractBiodynamic agriculture is an organic farming system that utilizes fermented herbal and mineral preparations as compost additives and field sprays. This study was conducted to determine whether biodynamic preparations affect lentil and wheat growth and yield, soil fertility, or weed populations in the short run. Each of four nutrient treatments, biodynamically prepared compost, non-biodynamic compost, mineral NPK fertilizer, and no fertilizer, were tested with and without biodynamic field sprays. Crop yield, crop quality, and soil fertility were similar in plots treated with mineral NPK fertilizers, biodynamic compost, or non-biodynamic compost. Use of compost raised soil pH from 6.0 without compost to 6.5 with compost. Compost application reduced the broadleaf weed population by 29% and reduced the grass weed population by 78%. Biodynamic sprays altered soil and grain N chemistry, but the effects are of unknown biological significance. Use of the biodynamic field sprays correlated with higher yield of lentil per unit plant biomass, lower grain C and crude protein contents, greater content in soft white spring wheat, and greater content in soil. In general, soils and crops treated with biodynamic preparations showed few differences from those not treated. Application of composts with or without the preparations produced similar crop yields with lower weed pressure, compared with equal nutrients supplied by mineral fertilizer, but any additional short-term benefits from biodynamic preparations remain questionable.