Journal articles: 'Compost extracts'

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Silva, Ana C., Pedro Rocha, Dulce Geraldo, Ana Cunha, Juan Antelo, José P. Pinheiro, Sarah Fiol, and Fátima Bento. "Developing a Compost Quality Index (CQI) Based on the Electrochemical Quantification of Cd (HA) Reactivity." Molecules 28, no. 3 (February 3, 2023): 1503. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28031503.

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The present work demonstrates the use of Cd2+ as a reactivity probe of the fulvic acids (FAs), humic acids (HAs) and dissolved organic matter (DOM) compost extracts. Significant differences were observed between the extracts, with the HA extract showing the highest reactivity. Comparing the different composts, the largest reactivity variation was again observed for HA then FA and finally DOM extracts. The Cd2+ binding extent was used to calculate the quality of composts and compared with a reference of uncomposted organic fertiliser (FLW), leading to the definition of an operational scale of compost quality. The parameter equivalent mass of fertiliser (mEF) was used for this scale sorted the seven composts from 0.353 to 1.09 kg FLW, for compost of sewage sludge (CSS) and vermicompost of domestic waste (CVDW), respectively. The significance of this parameter was verified through a correlation analysis between binding extent and the effect of compost application on lettuce crop growth in a field trial. The results demonstrate the potentiality of FA and HA extracts as markers of compost bioactivity and the use of Cd2+ as a reactivity probe.

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AKINTOKUN, A. K., P. O. AKINTOKUN, and A. R. OLOYEDE. "INHIBITION OF Fusarium oxysporum Pathogenic Fungus USING COMPOST EXTRACT FROM Chromolaena odorata (SIAM WEED) AND COW DUNG." Journal of Natural Sciences Engineering and Technology 14, no. 2 (July 30, 2018): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.51406/jnset.v14i2.1754.

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The study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of composts extract from cow dung and Chromolae-na odorata in controlling Fusarium oxysporum. Three compost samples were prepared in this study from Siam weed (Chromolaena odorata) and cow dung. Sample A was prepared from Cow dung and siam weed at ratio 100g: 100g, Sample B was prepared from 200g chopped siam weed and sample C contained 200g cow dung. These three samples were composted in plastic drums perforated for aera-tion and each sample were replicated three times. The content in the drums were regularly turned and monitored for 1, 10, 30 and 60 days. The microbiological analysis of the composts were determined using standard procedures. The inhibitory activities of the sterilised compost extracts on the F. ox-ysporum were determined using agar well diffusion method. The bacterial, coliform and fungal loads ranged from 1.50 â€“ 9.0 Ã— 107 cfu/ml, 0.3 â€“ 6.0Ã— 107 cfu/ml and 0.1 â€“ 2.50 Ã— 107 cfu/ml respectively. Inhibitory activities of the compost extracts on F. oxysporum at different days of composting increased with days of composting. The highest zone of inhibition was recorded by extract from compost pre-pared from C. odorata at 60 days of composting, closely followed by extract from compost prepared from mixture of cow dung and C. odorata at 60 days of composting. No antifungal activity was found in all extracts from the 24h-composts. Highest disease severity was recorded in extract of 24 h and on control. All extract at 60 days of fermentation were healthy The study therefore revealed the potentials of extracts from Chromolaena odorata and cow dung for the inhibition of Fusarium oxysporum of many crops.

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Kakimolo, T., Y. Imai, N. Funamizu, T. Takakuwa, and M. Kunimoto. "Toxicity assessment of the extract of compost as a final product from Bio-Toilet." Water Science and Technology 54, no. 11-12 (December 1, 2006): 421–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.922.

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Bio-Toilet is the name of a dry closet or composting toilet using sawdust as an artificial soil matrix for bioconversion of human excrement into compost. Since feces and urine contain several chemicals such as pharmaceutical residues and endocrine disruptors and they may still remain in compost after biological reaction in the Bio-Toilet, it is required to examine the possibility of soil and/or groundwater pollution by applying compost to a soil system in farmland. In this study, toxicity of Bio-Toilet compost was evaluated by measuring the viability of human neuroblast (NB-1). The bio-assay was applied to the water extract of compost from the Bio-Toilets which are in practical use in Japan. The assay results showed that (1) the extract of feces showed no toxicity, and the extracts of unused sawdust had no or low level toxicity and (2) the extracts of composts had heavier toxicity than unused sawdust. These results implied that some chemicals that have toxicity were generated by biological reactions or accumulated in toilet system. The bio-assay results with fractionated organic matter by its molecular weight showed that the small molecular weight fraction had stronger toxicity than other fractions. The effect of inorganic matter on toxicity was examined by comparing the dose-response relationship of the extracts of compost with positive control with 1M of sodium chloride solution. The comparison showed that sodium concentration in the extract was too low to develop the toxicity and the effect of inorganic matter could be neglected in this study.

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ABOUL-EL-HASSAN, Saad, Saad Aly EMAM, and M. H. GAD EL-MOULA. "Effect of sowing date and some organic extracts on organic production of sweet corn." Acta agriculturae Slovenica 116, no. 1 (September 25, 2020): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/aas.2020.116.1.1547.

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Field experiment was conducted at the experimental farm of the Central Laboratory for Agricultural Climate, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt, during two successive seasons of 2017 and 2018. This experiment aims to improve the organic production of sweet corn via some organic extracts under different sowing dates. The seeds of sweet corn (Misthi F1 Hybrid) were planted on three different dates on 15 April, 10 May and 5 June in both seasons. Extracts of compost, vermicompost and chicken manure with applying half dose of compost were compared to full dose of compost. Results showed that early sowing had positive effect on growth, yield and ear properties of sweet corn. Applying half dose of compost with adding vermicompost extract gave the highest growth, yield and ear properties of sweet corn without significant differences compared to 50 % compost + chicken manure extract treatment in plant height and leaves number per plant. The treatments of the half dose of compost with adding any organic extracts were superior to the full dose of compost in all studied traits. This study revealed that early planting (April 15) with applying a half dose of compost + vermicompost extract produced the highest yield and quality of sweet corn ears.

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Ozores-Hampton, Monica, Thomas A. Bewick, Peter Stoffella, Daniel J. Cantliffe, and Thomas A. Obreza. "Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Compost Maturity Influence on Weed Seed Germination." HortScience 31, no. 4 (August 1996): 577e—577. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.577e.

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The influence of compost (derived from MSW and biosolids) maturity on seed germination of several weed species was evaluated. A bioassay was developed by extracting 20 g of compost of different maturities with various volumes of water, then measuring germination percentage of ivyleaf morningglory (Ipomoea hederacea) seeds placed on extract-saturated filter paper in a petri dish. A 20 g (dry weight) compost: 50 mL of water generated an extract that produced the widest percentage seed germination variation in response to composts of different maturity. Ivyleaf morningglory, barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli L.), purslane (Potulaca oleracea L.), and corn (Zea mays L) were selected as plant indicators to determine the compost maturity stage with maximum germination inhibition. Compost 8-week-old decreased percent germination, root growth, and germination index (combines germination rate and root growth), and increased mean days to germination (MDG) of each plant indicator. Immature 8 week-old compost extract effect on MDG and germination percent of 15 weed species was evaluated. Extract from 8-week-old compost inhibited germination in most weed species, except yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus). Compost extracts derided from immature (3-day, 4-, and 8-week-old) compost resulted in delayed and reduced germination percent of important economic weed species.

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Bearce, Bradford C., R. G. Diener, A. R. Collins, and G. Bissonette. "157 SUITABILITY OF A SHREDDED NEWSPAPER, KITCHEN WASTE COMPOST AS A ROOT SUBSTRATE FOR TOMATO SEEDLINGS." HortScience 29, no. 5 (May 1994): 451c—451. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.451c.

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A small, continuous flow compost reactor was employed to produce a compost from a shredded newspaper/kitchen waste mixture. Transit time through the reactor was 4 weeks and the compost was then stockpiled for 5, 7, 8 or 9 weeks prior to evaluation. Cress seed germination was not reduced in graded aqueous compost extracts, however, seedling radicle length was significantly reduced in the nondiluted extract.. Elemental analysis of the compost showed PO4 ond K to be about 20 and 2 times recommended levels and No 5 times the maximum level at 577 mg. liter-1. Electrical conductivity of the compost was 5 dS.m-1 and pH range was 6.2-7.3. Composts were leached with water to E.C.'s of 1-1.5 dS.m-1 before planting tomato seedlings. Dry weights of tomato seedlings grown 5 weeks in the composts were equal to those in a peat vermiculite control, except that dry weights of seedlings in the compost stockpiled for 5 weeks were less than those of control plants. Some residual inhibition of growth may hove remained in the compost for at least 5 weeks after the production dote but by the 7th week, no growth inhibition was apparent.

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Suwandi, Suwandi, Harman Hamidson, and Ahmad Muslim. "Penekanan Penyakit Blas Leher Malai Padi Menggunakan Ekstrak Kompos Jerami Padi." Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia 12, no. 3 (August 3, 2016): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.14692/jfi.12.3.104.

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Blast is the most important disease of rice and may cause significant losses in the reclaimed tidal swamp of South Sumatra. Water extracts of fermented composts prepared from straws of the vigorous rice plant were tested in pot experiment for their ability to control blast. Rice variety Ciherang was grown on mixture of field soil and 1% diseased rice straw (v/v) collected from a tidal swamp rice field. Incidence of panicle blast was reduced by 71−87% in response to application of compost extract. The compost extract did not affect seed germination and plant height, instead, it increased the yield. The rice straw from healthy and vigorous plants is potential as a source for blast disease control.

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Das, MBB, BD Acharya, M. Saquib, and MK Chettri. "Effect of aqueous extract and compost of invasive weed Ageratina adenophora on seed germination and seedling growth of some crops and weeds." Journal of Biodiversity Conservation and Bioresource Management 4, no. 2 (December 17, 2018): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcbm.v4i2.39843.

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A study was conducted to investigate the effects of invasive weed Ageratina adenophora on the seed germination and seedling growth of Triticum aestivum, Brassica campestris and on weeds Ageratum conyzoides, Bidens pilosa, Galinsoga parviflora and Cyperus rotundus. The aqueous extracts of Ageratina plant’s part root, stem and leaf; and compost extract of Ageratina on different concentrations (control, 1, 2.5, 5 and 10%) were used to determine its effect on the seed germination, shoot and root length of Triticum aestivum, Brassica campestris and some common weed seeds under laboratory condition. The compost of A. adenophora at different doses viz. 0, 10, 20, 40 and 50g compost/kg soil was also applied to study the effect on the seed germination and seedling growth of B. campestris and T. aestivum and some weed seeds. The aqueous and compost extracts of Ageratina caused significant reduction in the seed germination and seedling length (shoot and root) which increased progressively on increasing the concentration of invasive plant's extract. The stem and leaf extracts of A. adenophora have more inhibitory effect on the germination percentage of winter crops as compared to root extract on the test crop seeds under study. In the compost of A. adenophora, the weeds showed more reduction in comparison to the crop plants B. campestris and T. aestivum. J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2018, 4(2): 11-20

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Rani, Icha Deska, Dermiyati Dermiyati, Radix Suharjo, Ainin Niswati, and Darwin Hasibaran Pangaribuan. "Soil Organisms Activities in Red Onion Cultivation with Application of Plant Extract Suspension and Compost." JOURNAL OF TROPICAL SOILS 27, no. 2 (May 16, 2022): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2022.v27i2.89-98.

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Agro-industrial waste such as banana weevil, pineapple rhizome, and empty fruit bunches of oil palm has not been utilized properly, even though the waste can be processed into liquid organic fertilizer after extracting the beneficial microorganisms contained in it. This research aimed to observe and study soil organisms’ activity after applying plant extract suspensions and compost types. The research was conducted at the Integrated Field Laboratory and Soil Science Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung. The treatments were designed in a 3 × 3 factorial design in a Randomized Block Design with three replications. The first factor was the plant suspension extracts derived from banana weevil, pineapple rhizome, and oil palm empty fruit bunches, while the second factor was the compost in the form of solid compost and liquid compost. The results showed the activity of soil organisms in the form of respiration, soil microbial carbon biomass, soil microbial population, and mesofauna population, which was applied to a suspension of plant extracts from pineapple rhizome, given the highest yield. Furthermore, the bacterial phosphate dissolution index and the diversity of soil mesofauna applied to liquid compost were higher than those of solid compost or without compost. There was no interaction between the application of plant extract suspension and the compost types on the soil organism’s activity.

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Al-Dahmani, Jaber H., Pervaiz A. Abbasi, Sally A. Miller, and Harry A. J. Hoitink. "Suppression of Bacterial Spot of Tomato with Foliar Sprays of Compost Extracts Under Greenhouse and Field Conditions." Plant Disease 87, no. 8 (August 2003): 913–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2003.87.8.913.

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The efficacy of foliar sprays with compost water extracts (compost extracts) in reducing the severity of bacterial spot of tomato caused by Xanthomonas vesicatoria was investigated. Extracts prepared from composted cow manure, composted pine bark, an organic farm compost, or composted yard waste, applied as foliar sprays on tomato transplants, resulted in a moderate but statistically significant reduction in the severity of bacterial spot. The population of X. vesicatoria in infected leaves was reduced significantly by extracts prepared from composted cow manure. Efficacy of the water extracts was not affected by oxygen concentrations in the suspension during extraction, compost maturity, or sterilization by filtration or autoclaving. The degree of control provided by foliar sprays with the most effective compost extracts did not differ from that obtained with the plant activator acibenzolar-S-methyl. In the field in two growing seasons, foliar sprays with compost water extracts did not reduce the severity of foliar diseases, including bacterial spot. During the 1997 season, when the severity of bacterial spot in the field was high, foliar sprays with compost water extracts significantly reduced the incidence of bacterial spot on tomato fruit. Amending plot soil with several rates of composted yard waste did not lead to additional control of fruit disease over those only sprayed with extracts. Foliar sprays with a mixture of chlorothalonil and copper hydroxide or with acibenzolar-S-methyl reduced the severity of bacterial spot as well as incidence of spot on fruit.

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Kai, Hideaki, Tohru Ueda, and Masahiro Sakaguchi. "Antimicrobial activity of bark-compost extracts." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 22, no. 7 (January 1990): 983–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(90)90140-u.

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Liu, Yuan, Jiahui Liu, Hongyan Cheng, Yuan Luo, Kokyo Oh, Xiangzhuo Meng, Haibo Zhang, Na Liu, and Mingchang Chang. "Seedling Establishment Test for the Comprehensive Evaluation of Compost Phytotoxicity." Sustainability 14, no. 19 (September 21, 2022): 11920. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141911920.

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Application of non-phytotoxic compost is important for soil conservation and crop production. In this study, two treatments were set up to compare the effects of compost water extract on the phytotoxicity of compost based on the dry weight and wet weight of samples and explore the feasibility of seedling establishment test in compost phytotoxicity evaluation—without (CM treatment) and with the addition of a microbial agent (ACM treatment)—based on the addition of corn straw and spent mushroom substrate in cow manure composting. The compost water extracts were prepared as per the wet weight (1:10, w/v) and dry weight (1:20, w/v) of fresh samples. The physicochemical characteristics of the compost water extracts, relative radicle growth, and chlorophyll content of the seed cotyledons of Chinese cabbage were determined. The results demonstrated that the highest electrical conductivity value of 3.95 mS∙cm−1 was obtained for the CM treatment, based on the dry weight of the samples. The contents of nitrate-nitrogen, ammonium-nitrogen, total organic carbon, and total nitrogen under different extraction methods were significantly different between the different extraction methods. The addition of microbial agent effectively promoted compost maturity and increased the relative radicle growth and chlorophyll content of the cotyledons. At the end of composting, the relative radicle growth based on the wet weight of samples was higher—74.69% for the ACM treatment and 71.05% for the CM treatment, respectively. The chlorophyll content of the cotyledons demonstrated a similar pattern. Consequently, the phytotoxicity of the compost may be underestimated when the moisture content of the sample is high. The preparation of compost water extract based on the dry weight of the samples can therefore reflect phytotoxicity more accurately. Seedling establishment tests may be used to comprehensively evaluate compost phytotoxicity.

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Beyer, David M. "The use of ion exchange resins to assess the changes in mineral element availability during the production of the cultivated mushroom Agaricus bisporus." Canadian Journal of Botany 76, no. 12 (December 1, 1998): 2084–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b98-199.

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Nutrient depletion and accumulation of toxic metabolites in compost are believed to be limiting factors and responsible for decreased yields as a mushroom crop ages. The objective of this study was to identify, monitor, and quantify mineral element levels in composted substrate and compost solution extracts during mushroom production. Mineral element changes were assessed by placing ion exchange resin bags in compost saturated paste extracts and directly in composted substrate. The concentration of most cations in compost solution increased as the crop aged. The addition of hypnum peat and rock phosphate to compost at spawning lowered potassium and magnesium concentration in compost solution, which suggested the accumulation of potassium, and possibly, magnesium may limit later yields. Compost solution extracted from hypnum peat moss and rock phosphate supplemented compost had less phosphorus in solution than unsupplemented compost, suggesting an increase in uptake of phosphorus by the mushroom mycelium increased later break yields. Resin-extracted potassium from the saturated paste extract solutions decreased until primordia formation, then increased as the crop aged. Hypnum peat and rock phosphate added to compost at spawning lowered resin-extracted potassium and increased resin-extracted calcium after casing. Most resin-extracted cations from around the mycelium in situ increased as the crop aged. IR-120-Na resins extracted more calcium and less potassium from around the mycelium in hypnum peat supplemented compost. The results suggested that calcium or potassium interfered with the nutrient uptake of phosphorus as the crop aged, thus reducing yield.Key words: Agaricus bisporus, hypnum peat, ion exchange resins, chelation, calcium, potassium, phosphorus.

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Ngakou, A., H. Koehler, and HC Ngueliaha. "The role of cow dung and kitchen manure composts and their non-aerated compost teas in reducing the incidence of foliar diseases of Lycopersicon esculentum (Mill)." International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology 4, no. 1 (December 3, 2014): 88–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v4i1.21100.

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Compost teas are fermented watery extracts of composted materials used for their beneficial effect on plants. A study was conducted in the field to compare the efficacy of cow dung and kitchen manure composts and their derived non-aerated compost teas on disease symptoms expression and severity of Lycopersicon esculentum. The experimental layout was a complete randomised block design comprising six treatments, each of which was repeated three times: the negative control plot (Tm-); the positive control or fungicide plot (Tm+); the cow dung compost plot (Cpi); the kitchen manure compost plot (Cpii); the compost tea derived cow dung plot (Tci); and the compost tea derived kitchen manure plot (Tcii). Compost tea derived cow dung was revealed to be richer in elemental nutrients (N, P, K) than compost tea from kitchen manure, and significantly (p < 0.0001) enhanced fruit yield per plant. Similarly, the two composts and their derived compost teas significantly (p < 0.0001) reduced the incidence and severity of disease symptoms compared to the controls, with the highest efficacy accounting for cow dung compost and compost tea. Although the non-aerated compost teas were not amended with micro-organisms, these results suggest that the two compost teas in use were rich enough in microbial pathogen antagonists, and therefore, are perceived as potential alternatives to synthetic chemical fungicides. Future work will attempt to identify these microbial antagonists with highly suppressive activity in the non-aerated compost teas. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v4i1.21100 Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 4 (1): 88-97, June, 2014

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Fehér, Bernadett, Ibolya Demeter, Tibor Aranyos, Attila Tomócsik, and Mariann Makádi. "The effect of wet compost extract on the root tubers of green pea." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 72 (May 16, 2017): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/72/1586.

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Nitrogen plays significant role in the life of plants, it could be the main limiting factor of plant growth. Sustainable plant nutrition pays attention to satisfy the plants’ nutrient demand without chemical fertilizers, e.g. by bounding the atmospheric nitrogen. The nitrogen fixing organizations play important role in supplying plants with nitrogenbecause the N2-fixingbacteria can fix high amounts of nitrogen.Many effects of the sewage sludge compost extracts is known in the literature. We studied the effect of sewage sludge compost water extract in laboratory conditions on the growth of Rhizobium spp. isolated from green pea, while in a small plot experiment thepea-Rhizobium symbiosis were studied on sandy soil in the Nyírség region. The extract was produced under aerobic conditions. The compost extract was applied before and/or after sowing. In the laboratory experiments we used the sterile version of extract, in different doses.In our work we present the effect of compost water extract on the number of green pea roots nodules, dry weight of the plant and reproduction of the Rhizobium bacteria.

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Tran, Toan D., Luan A. Ha, Ngan T. Long, Nhat X. Doan, and Binh T. Nguyen. "Evaluation of compost quality through germination index, plant yield and nitrogen use efficiency on Japanese Watercress (Nasturtium officinale)." Journal of Agriculture and Development 21, no. 01 (February 28, 2022): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.52997/jad.7.01.2022.

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This study aimed to (i) evaluate phytotoxicity, (ii) and quality of two composts, based on plant yield and nitrogen use efficiency of Japanese watercress (Nasturtium officinale}). The germination index (GI) of seeds of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) was used to assess the phytotoxicity of compost extracts (1:10, w/v) at 0, 10, 20 and 30 days after composting. A separate field experiment growing Japanese watercress was arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with five treatments and three replications. The treatments were: NT1 (soil only), NT2 (100% NPK chemical fertilizer), NT3 (100% compost A), NT (100% compost B) and NT5 (100% commercial micro-organic fertilizer). Treatments from NT2 –NT5 received the same amount of total applied nitrogen. The results showed that composts in the preliminary study reduced the phytotoxicity of the raw materials by improving the GI from 49% to 58% - 90%. Total dissolved solids in compost A and the heavy metals concentration in compost B were both lower than permissible limits but could be responsible for limiting root growth. Two composts A and B in the experiment gave a comparative vegetable yield (1663.2 - 1762.2 kg/1000 m2) to chemical fertilizer, but significantly lower (P < 0.01) than commercial micro-organic fertilizer (2476.3 kg/1000 m2). After 25 days of fertilizer application, the plants used half of the total N from chemical fertilizer or commercial micro-organic fertilizer, which was twice as many as those from two composts.

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Suriani, Ni Luh, Dewa Ngurah Suprapta, Agung Wiwiek Indrayani, Susila Herlambang, Ni Made Delly Resiani, Hind A. AL-Shwaiman, Manal M. Al Khulaifi, et al. "The Synergistic Action of Three Piper Plant Extracts and Biofertilizer for Growth Promotion and Biocontrol of Blast Disease in Red Rice." Sustainability 13, no. 18 (September 18, 2021): 10412. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131810412.

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Bali is a world tourist destination and has many natural resources that need to be developed to support the tourism sector. One of the local Bali resources that has the potential to be developed to support tourism and food is the local red Bali rice. This local Balinese rice is a characteristic of the ecotourism area of the Jatiluwih village of Tabanan, Bali. Balinese rice is grown with inorganic pesticides and there is an urgent need to develop organic pesticides as a sustainable approach to rice farming. In this regard, extracts of piper plants can serve as the best and greenest biopesticides as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), and compost functions as organic fertilizer. The present research aimed to evaluate PGPR, compost, and the synergistic biopesticidal effects of extracts of three piper plants, namely Piper caninum, Piper betle var. Nigra, and Piper betle, against blast disease in Bali red rice plants. The results showed that the synergistic action of PGPR, compost, and crude extract of piper plant provided an inhibitory activity against blast disease in rice plants where the greatest inhibition was found in a mixture of the three extracts with an inhibition of 50 cm. This shows that the mixed compounds of the three piper extracts work synergistically in suppressing blast disease; in addition, PGPR also exhibited a positive impact on the growth of red rice because PGPR produce growth hormones and various antifungal metabolites that help the plant growth and induce systemic resistance against phytopathogens. The active principles were identified as citronella, trans-geraniol, and 4.6-dipropyl-nonan-5-one. A combination of these extracts with compost and PGPR showed potential antifungal activity against blast disease at a concentration of 2%. This application also promoted the growth of Bali red rice. There is a significant increase in the number of leaves and the number of tillers, where the height is inversely proportional to the higher the extract up to 2%, as the height of the red Bali rice plant decreases. This is good because it reduces the red Bali rice stalks’ possibility of falling during small production. The piper extract mixture at a concentration of 2% had the highest effect on grain production/tonne (6.59 tonne/ha) compared to the control at only 3.21–3.41 tonnes/ ha. The 2% concentration of the extracts from the mixture of the three pipers has the highest effect on growth and red Bali rice production, and provides the greatest obstacle to the intensity of blast disease in red Bali rice.

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Martin, A. M., and S. P. Chintalapati. "Fish offal-peat compost extracts as fermentation substrate." Biological Wastes 27, no. 4 (January 1989): 281–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0269-7483(89)90009-8.

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Ros, Margarita, María Hurtado-Navarro, Almudena Giménez, Juan Antonio Fernández, Catalina Egea-Gilabert, Pedro Lozano-Pastor, and José Antonio Pascual. "Spraying Agro-Industrial Compost Tea on Baby Spinach Crops: Evaluation of Yield, Plant Quality and Soil Health in Field Experiments." Agronomy 10, no. 3 (March 23, 2020): 440. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10030440.

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Compost tea is a liquid fraction extracted from composts, and it is of great interest in sustainable agriculture because it reduces the unsustainable use of chemical-based pesticides and fertilizers. In this study, during two spinach field cycles, we evaluated the potential beneficial effect of the foliar application of a compost tea made from onion and vineyard composts either by itself (CT) or implemented with the beneficial microorganism Trichoderma harzianum T78 (CT + Th) on the “healthy quality” and yield of baby spinach. Results showed that both the CT and CT + Th treatments produced a higher spinach yield than the control, but these treatments did not result in an increase in soil dehydrogenase activity (DHA) or soil nutrient content. Furthermore, CT + Th treatment showed the highest yield, phenolic content, antioxidant capacity and flavonoid levels. Nitrate levels were below legal amounts, and they were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) lower in the CT and CT + Th treatments than in the control. Data suggest that compost tea extracts from onion waste and vineyard compost and/or enriched with T. harzianum can be used in a sustainable agriculture to increase yield and quality of baby spinach.

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Suriani, Ni Luh. "Utilization of piper caninum blume leaf extract combined with compost to suppress blast disease and increase the growth of local rice Bali (Oryza sativa) in Vivo." International journal of life sciences 3, no. 2 (August 7, 2019): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.29332/ijls.v3n2.305.

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Blast disease is a disease that attacks rice plants. The control of this disease is still using a synthetic fungicide that is very harmful to the environment. The purpose of this research is to know the effect of the combination of Piper caninum leaf extract with compost to blast disease and rice plant growth. This research was conducted in vivo in the glasshouse of Senganan village, Penebel Tabanan. Bali. This study used a randomized block design. In this study, the extracts were combined with organic fertilizer which was made by biotechnology stater starmic ok. Fo = control (soil 100%). F1= (soil 90% + compost 10% + extract 0,5%) .F2 = (soil 80% + compost 20% + extract 1%) F3 = (soil 70% + 30% + extract 1.5%). F4 = (soil 60% + compost 40% + 2% extract), do repeat 4 times. The results show that the formulas F3 effectively reduce the intensity of blast disease by inhibition of 79.09%, significantly affect the number of rice leaves, and the number of rice tillers increases but in treatment, F4 decreased. The height of the rice plant from F1 to F4 decreases, it is great because it reduces the fall when the rice is fruitfull. This is due to the disruption of growth hormone by the extract.

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Mello, Alexandre Furtado Silveira, Silvia de Afonseca Lourenço, and Lilian Amorim. "Alternative products in the "in vitro" inhibition of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum." Scientia Agricola 62, no. 2 (April 2005): 179–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162005000200014.

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The white mold, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is a very important disease in tomato crops. The objective of this work was to study the effect of plant extracts, animal residues and industrial by-products extracts on the fungus in vitro growth. Treatments consisted of different concentrations of pyrolignous oil, neem oil, monosodium glutamate, sewage sludge and organic compost [coffee residue (50%) coal residue (10%), maize residue (25%), poultry waste (12.5%), poultry meal (2.5%)]. Positive control consisted of Petri dishes with PDA medium and negative control treatment consisted of PDA medium with procymidone. Fungus colonies were incubated at 22ºC and light intensity of 260 lux. Variables such as mycelium growth rate, sclerotia production, and viability 7 and 17 days after the transfer of mycelium disc to neon media were assessed. The extract of organic compost at 30% was effective in controlling mycelial growth and sclerotia production. This treatment, as well as neem oil at 0.5% increased soil respiration.

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Sosnowski, Jacek, Milena Truba, and Katarzyna Jarecka. "Effect of Humus, Compost, and Vermicompost Extracts on the Net Energy Concentration, Net Energy of Lactation, and Energy Yield of Dactylis glomerata and Lolium perenne." Agriculture 12, no. 8 (July 26, 2022): 1092. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12081092.

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The purpose of the research was to examine whether selected organic materials could increase the net energy concentration, net energy of lactation, and energy yield of two grass species. The main factors in the experiment were soil conditioners with the content based on compost, vermicompost and humus extract, applied separately and supplemented with NPK fertilizers. The second factor is grass species, Dactylis glomerata and Lolium perenne. Mineral fertilizer and compost extract resulted in a reduction in net energy concentration by about 5%. The largest value of net energy of lactation (NEL) was obtained after the application of humus extract with NPK. The average value of the energy yield was the biggest on units where biological extracts were applied together with NPK. That increase was from 63% for NPK applied together with humus extract to 76.5% for the NPK applied with compost extract. Of the applied humic substances, those applied together with mineral fertilizer had the greatest impact on net energy value and NEL. The use of compost extract contributed to a substantial increase in the yield of feed energy. Other biological substances applied together with mineral fertilizer also had a positive impact. Weather conditions in various years of the research differentiated feed energy values. Due to the complexity of the environment (soil, climate, plant), it is impossible to provide a universal combination of fertilizers that increases the energy value of forage. Therefore, it is important to carry out practical field experiments that will indicate the optimal fertilizer combinations suitable for the selected region.

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Reeve, Jennifer R., Lynne Carpenter-Boggs, John P. Reganold, Alan L. York, and William F. Brinton. "Influence of biodynamic preparations on compost development and resultant compost extracts on wheat seedling growth." Bioresource Technology 101, no. 14 (July 2010): 5658–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2010.01.144.

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Shrestha, Karuna, Pramod Shrestha, Kerry B. Walsh, Keith M. Harrower, and David J. Midmore. "Microbial enhancement of compost extracts based on cattle rumen content compost – Characterisation of a system." Bioresource Technology 102, no. 17 (September 2011): 8027–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2011.06.076.

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VanderGheynst, Jean S., Stuart Pettygrove, Todd M. Dooley, and Kristine A. Arnold. "Estimating Electrical Conductivity of Compost Extracts At Different Extraction Ratios." Compost Science & Utilization 12, no. 3 (June 2004): 202–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1065657x.2004.10702184.

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Elad, Y., and D. Shtienberg. "Effect of compost water extracts on grey mould (Botrytis cinerea)." Crop Protection 13, no. 2 (March 1994): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0261-2194(94)90160-0.

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Santos, Cátia, Joana Monte, Natália Vilaça, João Fonseca, Henrique Trindade, Isabel Cortez, and Piebiep Goufo. "Evaluation of the Potential of Agro-Industrial Waste-Based Composts to Control Botrytis Gray Mold and Soilborne Fungal Diseases in Lettuce." Processes 9, no. 12 (December 10, 2021): 2231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9122231.

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Composts are widely used in horticulture as organic amendments to improve the properties of soils. Composts have also been reported to enhance the disease suppressive potential of soils and, therefore, could be used as a strategy for managing plant diseases. The aim of this study was to test the ability of soils amended with four different agro-industrial waste-based composts (chestnut peels and shells, spent coffee grounds, grape marc, and olive leaves) to inhibit the growth and activity of Botrytis cinerea and several soilborne pathogens. First, the capacity of aqueous compost extracts to inhibit the growth of Botrytis cinerea and five soilborne fungi was evaluated in vitro using a broth macrodilution method. Second, lettuce plants were grown on soils amended with composts and inoculated either with B. cinerea or the soilborne fungus Fusarium oxysporum Schlechtendahl isolated from lamb’s lettuce. The determination of minimal inhibitory concentrations indicated that none of the composts inhibited the mycelium growth of the selected fungal pathogens. However, the pathogens did not cause any damage on plants grown on the chestnut- and olive-based composts. Lettuce yields were also highest for plants grown with composts made from chestnut and olive, irrespective of the amount of compost incorporated into soils (5% or 10%, weight basis). The grape-based compost also exhibited a fertilization effect, although the effect was associated with increased Fusarium wilt severity. Both N immobilization and symbiosis with the compost’s microflora were used to explain the pathogenicity of F. oxysporum Schlechtendahl in response to amendment with composts made from grape and coffee wastes. The beneficial effects of the chestnut- and olive-based composts reported in this study could be exploited in strategies aimed at reducing reliance on synthetic pesticides for the control of fungi in lettuce cultivation.

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Fitriani, Tri, Darwin Habinsaran Pangaribuan, Ainin Niswati, and Sri Yusnaini. "Improving nitrogen fertilizer efficiency with the addition of compost extracts to kailan (Brassica oleracea L.) plants with wick hydroponic cultivation." SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology 17, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/stjssa.v17i2.41370.

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The goal of this research was to observe the impact of the application of the forms of compost extract and urea fertilizer on the development of kailan plants in the hydroponic wick method. The experiment consisted of a quasi- experimental factorial design with the first element reflecting the compost type: no compost extract, cow manure compost extract, rice straw compost extract, and vermicompost extract. The second element was the use of 0, 100 and 200 kg ha-1 nitrogen fertilizers. The usage of vermicompost extract shows the maximum growth (59.27 cm), amount of leaves (23.00), overall plant weight (93.92 g plant-1), canopy weight (61.37 g plant-1), dried foliage weight (7.17 g plant-1), fresh root weight (33.40 g plant-1), leaf greenness (183.80 SPAD) and nutrient uptake (6.32 g plant-1). (6.32 g plant-1). The optimal nitrogen fertilizer application was found to be 200 kg ha-1, which culminated in the maximum plant height (42.18 cm), number of leaves (17.75), overall plant weight (60.42 g plant-1), leaf greenness (166.23 SPAD) and N uptake (3.73 g plant-1). With the addition of 100 kg of urea ha-1, Vermicompost extract achieved the maximum N adhesion strength of 112.05 per cent. The use of vermicompost extract in the production of crops with a hydroponic wick method could fulfill the nutrient requirements of plants.

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Vehniwal, Sanjamveer S., Raphael Ofoe, Samuel K. Asiedu, Jeff Hoyle, and Lord Abbey. "Extension of Cut Carnation Vase Life Using Compost Tea, Putrescine and Plant Extracts." Sustainable Agriculture Research 10, no. 1 (December 18, 2020): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v10n1p32.

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Cut flower vase life can be extended by various natural products, but their efficacy when mixed with compost tea is not reported. A study was performed to determine cut carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus cv. White Sim) vase life in 1 L of formulations (1) C3.5: 3.5% compost tea + 15 mg putrescine; (2) R5L10: C3.5 + 5 mL rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus) + 10 mL lemon (Citrus limon) extracts; (3) R10L10: C3.5 + 10 mL rosemary + 10 mL lemon extracts; (4) R5L20: C3.5 + 5 mL rosemary + 20 mL lemon extracts; (5) R10L20: C3.5 + 10 mL rosemary + 20 mL lemon extracts; (6) Chrysal: Floral Chrysal Clear (positive control); and (7) Dw: distilled water alone (negative control). The 15 mg putrescine significantly (P=0.002) reduced compost tea turbidity by 34%. The neutral pH of C3.5 and Dw did not change. However, pH increased by 24% in Chrysal and reduced by 39% in R5L10, R10L10 and R5L20 and by 54% in R10L20 on day 11. TDS and EC were highest in Chrysal from days 1 to 11. Petal discoloration, wilt, shrinkage and neck bend were delayed by C3.5 followed by Chrysal and then R5L10, but were accelerated by the other treatments. In conclusion, the cut carnation cv. White Sim longevity as influenced by variations in the vase solutions was Chrysal (14 days) > C3.5 (12.6 days) > R5L10 (10.7 days) but ≤ 9 days in the other treatments. These results were confirmed by a 2-D principal component analysis biplot. Future study will investigate microbial interaction.

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Shrestha, Karuna, Shrestha Shrestha, Kerry B. Walsh, Keith M. Harrower (deceased), and David J. Midmore. "Biodegradation of Sugarcane Trash Through Use of Microbially Enhanced Compost Extracts." Compost Science & Utilization 20, no. 1 (January 2012): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1065657x.2012.10737020.

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Zmora-Nahum, Sharon, Michael Danon, Yitzhak Hadar, and Yona Chen. "Chemical properties of compost extracts inhibitory to germination of Sclerotium rolfsii." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 40, no. 10 (October 2008): 2523–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.06.025.

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Wong, M. H. "Cultivation of microalgae in refuse compost and soy-bean waste extracts." Agricultural Wastes 12, no. 3 (January 1985): 225–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0141-4607(85)90065-4.

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Yohalem, D. S., R. Voland, E. V. Nordheim, R. F. Harris, and J. H. Andrews. "Sample size requirements to evaluate spore germination inhibition by compost extracts." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 28, no. 4-5 (April 1996): 519–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(95)00163-8.

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Corina, Bubueanu, Catalin Ducu, Ioana Tabrea, and Sorin Moga. "HPTLC Profile of Phenolic Compounds Presents in Extracts Obtained from Different Varieties of White and Red Grape Pomace." Malaysian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 8, no. 1 (January 17, 2021): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/mjmbr.v8i1.534.

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Grape pomace is used in different areas in the food and food supplement, cosmetic, pharmaceutic industries, and for compost or animal food. The chemical composition is different between white and red grapes varieties, depending also on the sort of wine obtained. Grape pomace contains various chemical compounds from the following classes: phenolics, proteins, minerals, lipids. Our goal was to show the HPTLC fingerprint for quality evaluation and total phenol content for the quantitative evaluation of extracts obtained from 4 varieties of grape pomace (Feteasca regala, Riesling, Burgund, Cabernet Sauvignon). The extracts were obtained by UAE and MAE. The HPTLC fingerprints of the extract shown that there are 4 compounds present in all samples: rutin, hyperoside and, chlorogenic and caffeic acids. In all samples was observed the presence of resveratrol. Total phenol content expressed as gallic (GAE) acid equivalents per 100ml extract were between 4.75% and 13.08%.

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Iossi, Matheus Rodrigo, Isabela Arruda Palú, Douglas Moraes Soares, Wagner G. Vieira, Lucas Silva Alves, Cassius V. Stevani, Cinthia E. C. Caitano, et al. "Metaprofiling of the Bacterial Community in Colonized Compost Extracts by Agaricus subrufescens." Journal of Fungi 8, no. 10 (September 22, 2022): 995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof8100995.

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It is well-known that bacteria and fungi play important roles in the relationships between mycelium growth and the formation of fruiting bodies. The sun mushroom, Agaricus subrufescens, was discovered in Brazil ca. 1960 and it has become known worldwide due to its medicinal and nutritional properties. This work evaluated the bacterial community present in mushroom-colonized compost extract (MCCE) prepared from cultivation of A. subrufescens, its dynamics with two different soaking times and the influence of the application of those extracts on the casing layer of a new compost block for A. subrufescens cultivation. MCCEs were prepared through initial submersion of the colonized compost for 1 h or 24 h in water followed by application on casing under semi-controlled conditions. Full-length 16S rRNA genes of 1 h and 24 h soaked MCCE were amplified and sequenced using nanopore technology. Proteobacteria, followed by Firmicutes and Planctomycetes, were found to be the most abundant phyla in both the 1 h and 24 h soaked MCCE. A total of 275 different bacterial species were classified from 1 h soaked MCCE samples and 166 species from 24 h soaked MCCE, indicating a decrease in the bacterial diversity with longer soaking time during the preparation of MCCE. The application of 24 h soaked MCCE provided increases of 25% in biological efficiency, 16% in precociousness, 53% in the number of mushrooms and 40% in mushroom weight compared to control. Further investigation is required to determine strategies to enhance the yield and quality of the agronomic traits in commercial mushroom cultivation.

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Sabet, Kamel Kamal, Magdy Mohamed Saber, Mohamed Adel-Aziz El-Naggar, Nehal Samy El-Mougy, Hatem Mohamed El-Deeb, and Ibrahim El-Saied El-Shahawy. "Using Commercial Compost as Control Measures against Cucumber Root-Rot Disease." Journal of Mycology 2013 (May 15, 2013): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/324570.

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Five commercial composts were evaluated to suppress the root-rot pathogens (Fusarium solani (Mart.) App. and Wr, Pythium ultimum Trow, Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn, and Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.) of cucumber plants under in vitro and greenhouse conditions. In vitro tests showed that all tested unautoclaved and unfiltrated composts water extracts (CWEs) had inhibitor effect against pathogenic fungi, compared to autoclaved and filtrated ones. Also, the inhibitor effects of 40 bacteria and 15 fungi isolated from composts were tested against the mycelial growth of cucumber root-rot pathogens. Twenty two bacteria and twelve fungal isolates had antagonistic effect against root-rot pathogens. The antagonistic fungal isolates were identified as 6 isolates belong to the genus Aspergillus spp., 5 isolates belong to the genus Penicillium spp. and one isolate belong to the genus Chaetomium spp. Under greenhouse conditions, the obtained results in pot experiment using artificial infested soil with cucumber root-rot pathogens showed that the compost amended soil reduced the percentage of disease incidence, pathogenic fungi population, and improved the cucumber vegetative parameters as shoot length, root length, fresh weight, and dry weight. These results suggested that composts are consequently considered as control measure against cucumber root-rot pathogens.

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Haque, Tahmina, Mohammad Zashim Uddin, Mihir Lal Saha, Md Abdul Mazid, and Md Abul Hassan. "Propagation, antibacterial activity and phytochemical profiles of Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) C. B. Robinson." Dhaka University Journal of Biological Sciences 23, no. 2 (August 20, 2014): 165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v23i2.20096.

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The propagation, antibacterial activity and phytochemical profiles of Litsea glutinosa have been focused. Percentage of viable seed was 70 by tetrazoliumchloride staining technique, while germination rates were 75, 70, 55 and 20% in clay loam soil, clay loam: compost, compost and sand, respectively. Propagation of basal cutting in clay loam soil under the sun was faster than the apical stem cuttings. Both the ethanolic and water soluble extracts of the leaves and bark showed against Escherichia coli, Enterobacter intermedium, Salmonella sp., Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermis. Phytochemical profiling of the bark of L. glutinosa showed the presence of a number of secondary metabolites including steroids and terpenoids. The isolated compounds from ethanolic bark extract (T?1 and T?3) were identified as stigmasterol and ??sitosterol, respectively by comparing the 1H?NMR data of the isolated compounds with that of the published data. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v23i2.20096 Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 23(2): 165-171, 2014

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Castillo-Castillo, Yamicela, Robin Anderson, Michael Hume, Michael Flythe, David Nisbet, Claudio Arzola-Alvarez, Francisco Castillo, et al. "PSXII-18 Treatment of composted poultry litter with natural hop extracts, effects on nitrogen accumulations, coliforms and select Gram-positive pathogenic and antimicrobial resistant bacteria." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_4 (November 3, 2020): 438–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa278.765.

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Abstract Poultry litter, produced by intensive poultry production systems, is a potentially valuable crude protein feedstuff for ruminants if effectively treated to kill pathogens before feeding. Composting effectively kills pathogens but risks losses of ammonia during uric acid degradation. To test if hop extracts may help preserve uric acid concentrations during composting, 11-g portions of used wood chip litter (WCL, 88% dry matter) were treated with 6 mL water containing Galena or Chinook hop extracts to achieve 0.06 g of either extract/g WCL. Control WCL was treated with buffer alone. The WCL was distributed to 50-mL tubes (3 tubes/treatment), capped and incubated in Gas Pac jars for 8 days at 30oC, followed by 3 days at 37oC and an additional 2 days at 42oC to simulate a 13-day compost period. A repeated measures analysis of variance revealed a treatment by day interaction on uric acid (P < 0.05), with concentrations being highest upon initiation of composting (41.9 ± 3.6 µmol/g), lowest on day 13 for the untreated compost (17.5 ± 9.2 µmol/g) and intermediate for Galena and Chinook hop-treated compost (28.0 ± 4.7 and 25.8 ± 0.8 µmol/g, respectively). Effects of treatment, day of composting or their interaction, however, were not observed (P > 0.05) on concentrations of ammonia and urea, which averaged 1.2 ± 1.0 and 2.9 ± 0.6 µmol/g, respectively. As expected, an effect of day-of composting on survivability (P < 0.05) of select bacterial populations was confirmed, with counts being decreased more than 3.0 log10 units after 13 days composting than on day 0 for enterococci, staphylococci, lactic acid bacteria, coliforms and total aerobes (6.7 ± 0.09, 9.0 ± 0.01, 5.8 ± 0.16, 5.9 ± 0.09 and 9,9 ± 0.06 log10 CFU/g, respectively). These results indicate that hops-treatment may help preserve crude protein within WCL during composting.

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WAHYUNI, WIWIEK SRI, ARIE MUDJIHARJATI, and NIKEN SULISTYANINGSIH. "Compost Extracts of Vegetable Wastes as Biopesticide to Control Cucumber Mosaic Virus." HAYATI Journal of Biosciences 17, no. 2 (June 2010): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.4308/hjb.17.2.95.

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XU, Da-Bing, Qiu-Jun WANG, Yun-Cheng WU, Guang-Hui YU, Qi-Rong SHEN, and Qi-Wei HUANG. "Humic-Like Substances from Different Compost Extracts Could Significantly Promote Cucumber Growth." Pedosphere 22, no. 6 (December 2012): 815–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1002-0160(12)60067-8.

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Mathur, S. P., H. Dinel, G. Owen, M. Schnitzer, and J. Dugan. "Determination of Compost Biomaturity. II. Optical Density of Water Extracts of Composts as a Reflection of their Maturity." Biological Agriculture & Horticulture 10, no. 2 (January 1993): 87–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01448765.1993.9754656.

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Poggi-Varaldo, H. M., J. Trejo-Espino, G. Fernández-Villagómez, F. Esparza-García, S. Caffarel-Méndez, and N. Rinderknecht-Seijas. "Quality of Anaerobic Compost from Paper Mill and Municipal Solid Wastes for Soil Amendment." Water Science and Technology 40, no. 11-12 (December 1, 1999): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0710.

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Our previous work has shown the technical and economic feasibility of the solid substrate anaerobic digestion (DASS) of municipal and non-hazardous industrial solid wastes. However, the anaerobic compost (AnC) quality for direct application as a soil amender or other alternative uses are issues that have received scarce attention. This research aimed at reviewing the advances made by our Group in two areas: anaerobic compost quality determination, and its post-treatment by aerobic composting. A factorial experiment 4×2×2 was run. The factors were feedstock type (4 mixtures of food waste, FW, and lignocellulosic fraction, LG: 100%FW, 67%FW-33%LG, 33%FW-67%LG and 100%LG or FS1, FS2, FS3 and FS4 respectively), temperature (35°C and 55°C), and mass retention time (MRT, 16 and 23 days). The LG fraction consisted of paper mill sludge cake. Anaerobic compost from DASS reactors operated at 23 day/35°C) was fed to lab scale semi-continuous aerobic composters (5 day and 10 day MRT, 35°C and 55°C). The AnC coming from feedstocks with increasing proportion of LG fraction (FS3 and FS4) gave the lowest chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), volatile organic acids (VOA) and total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) concentrations in the extract and the highest germination indices (GI). The AnC from thermo- digesters showed a lower quality than those from mesophilic reactors (presumably associated to higher contents of VOA and TAN in the extracts), while AnC from digesters at 23 day-MRT had a better quality than those from reactors operated at 16-day-MRT. Overall, AnC generated in reactors fed with FS3 and FS4, at 35°C and 23 day-MRT showed the highest quality. Heavy metal concentrations in all the AnC were lower than the maximum levels indicated in USA and European compost quality standards. However, high total oxygen uptake (UAD), moderate-to-high concentrations of VOA and GIs under 60% indicated that the AnC was not suitable for direct use as a soil improver. Regarding the aerobic post-composting, operation at longer MRT (10 day) and 55°C gave aerobic composts of better quality than those coming from 5 day-MRT composters. Aerobic post-composting caused considerable reductions of TAN, VOA, UAD, immediate oxygen demand rate, and increased compost GI up to approximately 100%.

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Sanchez-Escarcega, Alicia, and George C. Elliott. "Nitrogen Mineralization and Immobilization and Plant Growth Response to Nitrogen Fertilization in Potting Media Containing Compost." HortScience 31, no. 4 (August 1996): 674f—674. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.674f.

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The potential for N mineralization or immobilization in potting media containing compost was investigated in experiments using sunflower (Helianthus annuus `Sunrich Yellow') as a test crop with potting media formulated from 3 aged pine bark: 2 sphagnum peat or compost: 1 vermiculite (by volume). Cropped and uncropped media in 350-mL pots were fertilized by subirrigation with complete nutrient solutions containing N at 2, 4, 6, 8 or 12 mmol·L–1 as ammonium nitrate. In control medium without compost, sunflower fresh mass increased linearly with increasing N. In one compost medium (C), growth was stimulated and with N at 6 mmol·L–1 was equal to growth with N at 12 mmol·L–1 in the control medium. With another compost medium (A), growth was inhibited and did not respond to increasing N. In medium C, saturated media extracts (SME) obtained before and up to 12 days after transplanting had higher concentrations of NH4 and NO3 than the control medium. In medium A, NH4 concentrations were similar to controls, but NO3 concentrations were lower. Nitrite concentrations were less than 0.2 mmol·L–1 and were highest in medium C. Nitrogen derived from compost in medium C substantially reduced the soluble fertilizer N requirement for sunflowers, while N immobilization by compost in medium A was not overcome by increasing fertilizer N.

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Vamvuka, Despina, Katerina Esser, and Kostas Komnitsas. "Investigating the Suitability of Grape Husks Biochar, Municipal Solid Wastes Compost and Mixtures of Them for Agricultural Applications to Mediterranean Soils." Resources 9, no. 3 (March 13, 2020): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources9030033.

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Present work aimed at evaluating the leaching potential of grape husks biochar, municipal solid wastes compost and their combined application as amendments of sandy Mediterranean soil, in order to assess their capability of releasing/retaining nutrients or heavy metals and therefore their suitability for agricultural applications. Grape husks biochar was produced by pyrolysis at 500 °C in a fixed bed unit. Column leaching experiments, simulating Mediterranean rainfall conditions, were conducted. For all compost/biochar/soil combinations, alkali and alkaline earth metals showed greater solubility, increasing the pH of the extracts and thus decreasing the leachability of heavy metals Cr, Cu, Zr and Sr. Biochar co-application with compost did not prevent the leaching of nitrates, phosphates or trace elements; however, it did lower the chemical oxygen demand and allowed the slower release of sodium, calcium and magnesium from soil. As compared to compost, addition of biochar to soil increased the concentration of potassium by 76%, whereas it decreased that of heavy metals in the leachates by 40%–95%. Grape husks biochar could serve as a better soil amendment than municipal solid wastes compost and if carefully managed could be used as liming agent or fertilizer on acidic soils.

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Sang, Mee Kyung, Jeong-Gyu Kim, and Ki Deok Kim. "Biocontrol Activity and Induction of Systemic Resistance in Pepper by Compost Water Extracts Against Phytophthora capsici." Phytopathology® 100, no. 8 (August 2010): 774–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-100-8-0774.

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We investigated the effects of water extracts of composts (CWE) from commercial compost facilities for controlling root and foliar infection of pepper plants by Phytophthora capsici. Among 47 CWE tested, CWE from composts Iljuk-3, Iljuk-7, Shinong-8, and Shinong-9 significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited zoospore germination, germ tube elongation, mycelial growth, and population of P. capsici. All selected CWE significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the disease incidence and severity in the seedling and plant assays compared with the controls. However, there were no significant differences in zoospore germination, disease incidence, and disease severity between treatments of untreated, autoclaved, and filtered CWE. In addition, CWE significantly (P < 0.05) suppressed leaf infection of P. capsici through induced systemic resistance (ISR) in plants root-drenched with CWE. The tested CWE enhanced the expression of the pathogenesis-related genes, CABPR1, CABGLU, CAChi2, CaPR-4, CAPO1, or CaPR-10 as well as β-1,3-glucanase, chitinase, and peroxidase activities, which resulted in enhanced plant defense against P. capsici in pepper plants. Moreover, the CWE enhanced the chemical and structural defenses of the plants, including H2O2 generation in the leaves and lignin accumulation in the stems. The CWE could also suppress other fungal pathogens (Colletotrichum coccodes in pepper leaves and C. orbiculare in cucumber leaves) through ISR; however, it failed to inhibit other bacterial pathogens (Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria in pepper leaves and Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans in cucumber leaves). These results suggest that a heat-stable chemical(s) in the CWE can suppress root and foliar infection by P. capsici in pepper plants. In addition, these suppressions might result from direct inhibition of development and population of P. capsici for root infection, as well as indirect inhibition of foliar infection through ISR with broad-spectrum protection.

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Vygrayenko, T. E., and I. E. Sokolova. "Деструкція органічних речовин і продукція біогазу мікроорганізмами, виділеними із природних субстратів." Visnyk of Dnipropetrovsk University. Biology, medicine 1, no. 1 (June 7, 2010): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/021006.

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Gas-producing bacteria were isolated from natural media: soil and compost extracts. The properties of the obtained microorganisms cultures as destructors of organic substances were studied. Studied bacteria werecultivated in experimental semi-synthetic media with saw dust and carboxymethyl cellulose. A growth at different pH values, a dynamics of growth, an amount of utilizated sugar, a volume of released gas during cultivation were studied. Most intensive growth of gas-producing cultures has been observed in a medium with CMC and the ability to gas producing was more manifested in the bacterial culture isolaited from the compost.

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47

PROKKOLA, S., and P. KIVIJÄRVI. "Effect of biological sprays on the incidence of grey mould, fruit yield and fruit quality in organic strawberry production." Agricultural and Food Science 16, no. 1 (December 4, 2008): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2137/145960607781635886.

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Plant diseases, especially grey mould (Botrytis cinerea), may cause severe losses in organic strawberry production. In a two-year period, 20012002, the effects of different biological sprays on grey mould, the fruit yield and fruit quality of organically grown strawberry Jonsok were studied in field trials at MTT Agrifood Research Finland in Ruukki and Mikkeli. In Experiment 1 the biological sprays were seaweed, garlic and compost extracts, silicon and Trichoderma spp. on both trial sites. In Experiment 2, compost extract, Trichoderma spp. and Gliocladium catenulatum sprays were studied in Ruukki. The treatment time was chosen to control grey mould. The effect of different biological sprays on the incidence of grey mould and total and marketable yield was insignificant compared to the untreated control. In both years and in all trials the incidence of grey mould was low and rot occurred mainly in the latter part of the harvesting period, which may partly explain the small differences between treatments. Anyhow, despite of feasible biological control cultural control methods will be important to manage the fungus in organic strawberry production.;

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48

Shrivastava, Ashish. "Effect of oil cake extract and organic manure on wilt of chickpea (Cicer areitinum L.) caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri in vitro." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 17, no. 2 (June 15, 2021): 146–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/ijas/17.2/146-148.

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Studies were conducted to test the effect of oil cakes and organic manures on the growth of wilt pathogen under in vitro conditions. The extract of different oil cakes and organic manures were tested against F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceri by poisoned food techniques in vitro. Least growth of pathogen was recorded in extracts of Neem cake showing excellent inhibitory effect of 70.87 percent reduction over control. Next best in order of mustard cake (65.36 %), linseed (62.99%), groundnut (53.36%) and least by other. Among the organic manures tested, vermi compost and FYM showed maximum growth inhibition of 35.95 and 30.62 percent over control, respectively.

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Verrillo, Mariavittoria, Gunda Koellensperger, Marlene Puehringer, Vincenza Cozzolino, Riccardo Spaccini, and Evelyn Rampler. "Evaluation of Sustainable Recycled Products to Increase the Production of Nutraceutical and Antibacterial Molecules in Basil Plants by a Combined Metabolomic Approach." Plants 12, no. 3 (January 23, 2023): 513. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12030513.

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Background: An important goal of modern medicine is the development of products deriving from natural sources to improve environmental sustainability. In this study, humic substances (HS) and compost teas (CTs) extracted from artichoke (ART) and coffee grounds (COF) as recycled biomasses were employed on Ocimum basilicum plants to optimize the yield of specific metabolites with nutraceutical and antibacterial features by applying sustainable strategies. Methods: The molecular characteristics of compost derivates were elucidated by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy to investigate the structure–activity relationship between organic extracts and their bioactive potential. Additionally, combined untargeted and targeted metabolomics workflows were applied to plants treated with different concentrations of compost extracts. Results: The substances HS-ART and CT-COF improved both antioxidant activity (TEAC values between 39 and 55 μmol g−1) and the antimicrobial efficacy (MIC value between 3.7 and 1.3 μg mL−1) of basil metabolites. The metabolomic approach identified about 149 metabolites related to the applied treatments. Targeted metabolite quantification further highlighted the eliciting effect of HS-ART and CT-COF on the synthesis of aromatic amino acids and phenolic compounds for nutraceutical application. Conclusions: The combination of molecular characterization, biological assays, and an advanced metabolomic approach, provided innovative insight into the valorization of recycled biomass to increase the availability of natural compounds employed in the medical field.

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Susilowati, Nanik. "Effect of Applying Compost Tea Through Leaves and Soil on Soil P availability and P Uptake of Maize (Zea mays L.) at Alfisol Jatikerto Kab. Malang." Contributions of Central Research Institute for Agriculture 17, no. 1 (January 30, 2023): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.35335/cceria.v17i1.41.

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This study aims to determine the effect of the compost application on P availability in Alfisols and to compare the compost application through leaves and soil to the P uptake of corn plants. The low availability of P in Alfisol is due to the bond with Ca to form tricalcium phosphate which is difficult to dissolve. One effort that can be done to overcome the lack of P in Alfisols is the addition of organic matter to the soil, both from plants and animals. The final process of decomposition of organic matter produces humic and fulvic acid compounds which can increase the availability of P. Compost tea is the result of a solution of washing nutrients and extracts of bacteria, fungi, protozoa and nematodes from compost. Compost tea can be given in two ways, namely by spraying it through the leaves and giving it to the soil through the leaves and the soil against the P uptake of corn plants. Compost tea is made using the Bubbler method. Before being applied, the compost must be diluted with distilled water (1:1 ratio) to reduce the concentration. The experimental design used in this study was a completely randomized design with 7 treatments and 3 replications with the following types of treatment: CT0 (control); CT1 (soil + compost tea 130 ml/plant equivalent to 50 l/100 m2); CT2 (soil + compost tea 250 ml/plant equivalent to 100 l/100m2 ); CT3 (soil + compost tea 400 ml/plant equivalent to 150 l/100 m2); CT4 (soil + compost tea 60 ml/plant equivalent to 25 l/100 m2); CT5 (soil + compost tea 130 ml/plant equivalent to 50 l/100 m2); CT6 (soil + compost tea 200 ml/plant equivalent to 75 l/100 m2); The results showed that the application of compost tea through the leaves and soil had a significant effect on the difference in available-P levels. Application of the compost through the leaves increased plant height, number of leaves, plant dry weight and P uptake. There was a positive correlation (r=0.386) which showed that increasing available P levels in the soil would increase plant P uptake.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Compost extracts'

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