Academic literature on the topic 'COMPOUND ADJECTIVE'
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Journal articles on the topic "COMPOUND ADJECTIVE"
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Zakharova, Mariya A. "Interpretation von Tiernamen als Teile von zusammengesetzten Adjektiven." Neophilology, no. 20 (2019): 466–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/2587-6953-2019-5-20-466-475.
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This research is based on the modern theory of interpretation. We describe the relationships between both parts of compound adjectives with the animal names. We study the formation of secondary meanings of these animal names, depending on the semantic structure of the adjective. We discover 5 types of structures with an animal name as a first part. The second part contains either the feature of animal or somatic-derived adjective or simply animal name-enhanced trait. This part can have both primary and secondary value. So, the purpose of the research is the analysis of the possibility of forming the secondary meanings of these compound adjectives. Since the adjective denotes not an object but a feature, the research contains several examples of its use in texting. There are also some examples of the language usage of the exploratory adjectives, because the context may affect the peculiarities of meaning of adjectives.
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SPENCER, ANDREW. "What's in a compound?" Journal of Linguistics 47, no. 2 (2011): 481–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226710000411.
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The Oxford Handbook of Compoundingsurveys a variety of theoretical and descriptive issues, presenting overviews of compounding in a number of frameworks and sketches of compounding in a number of languages. Much of the book deals with Germanic noun–noun compounding. I take up some of the theoretical questions raised surrounding such constructions, in particular, the notion of attributive modification in noun-headed compounds. I focus on two issues. The first is the semantic relation between the head noun and its nominal modifier. Several authors repeat the argument that there is a small(-ish) fixed number of general semantic relations in noun–noun compounds (‘Lees's solution’), but I argue that the correct way to look at such compounds is what I call ‘Downing's solution’, in which we assume that the relation is specified pragmatically, and hence could be any relation at all. The second issue is the way that adjectives modify nouns inside compounds. Although there are languages in which compounded adjectives modify just as they do in phrases (Chukchee, Arleplog Swedish), in general the adjective has a classifier role and not that of a compositional attributive modifier. Thus, even if an English (or German) adjective–noun compound looks compositional, it isn't.
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Ali, Akbar, Muhammad Yasir Khan, and Bilal Khan. "Compounding in Pashto: An Analysis of Compound and Compound- Complex Adjectives." Global Language Review II, no. I (2017): 106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/glr.2017(ii-i).08.
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Compounding as the word formation process is common across languages. Pashto language uses it as a productive morphological process. The paper aims at the structural description of compound and compound-complex adjectives in the language. For this purpose the data were collected through discourse centered method, Pashto newspapers and Pashto programmes on T.V and radio. The data is analyzed using Plag’s (2003) work on word formation in English as theoretical framework. The analysis proves that the grammatical categories exploited in order to derive non-simple adjectives are that of noun, verb and adjective. Further, it also reveals the fact that compound-complex adjectives are derived through synthetic compounding. It also denote the fact that in cases where compound-complex words are formed, the suffixed is invariably attached to the element on the right.
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Berg, Thomas. "How nominal compounds are modified by two adjectives." Folia Linguistica 48, no. 1 (2014): 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/flin.2014.001.
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Abstract Basing itself on a corpus of one thousand complex NPs, this study investigates the relationships that two attributive adjectives contract with the constituents of nominal compounds of varying size in English (e.g. new basic safety standards). Essentially, there are four logically possible relationships: (i) both adjectives modify the nominal head, (ii) both adjectives modify the nominal modifier, (iii) the first adjective modifies the head and the second adjective the modifier and (iv) the first adjective modifies the modifier and the second adjective the head (crossed modification). While options (i) and (iii) are strongly represented in the data, crossed modification is not at all present. Across all compound sizes, at least three factors shape the empirical patterns: a functional factor whereby major heads are more easily singled out than minor heads, which in turn are more available than modifiers; a structural factor whereby more deeply embedded constituents are less available than more independent constituents; and a proximity effect which encourages the modification of the first noun by the second adjective. There may be an additional saturation effect which discourages the modification of one noun by two adjectives. On the face of it, the non-occurrence of crossed modification may be connected to the well-known ban on crossing association lines. However, despite its descriptive adequacy, this principle is unconvincing. Instead, a functional explanation is proposed which centres on the possibility of working out modification relationships. Initial steps are taken towards developing a model of when (and why) the no-crossing constraint is inviolable, violable or non-existent
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Drieghe, Denis, Lei Cui, Guoli Yan, Xuejun Bai, Hui Chi, and Simon P. Liversedge. "The morphosyntactic structure of compound words influences parafoveal processing in Chinese reading." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 71, no. 1 (2018): 190–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2017.1307426.
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In an eye movement experiment employing the boundary paradigm, we compared parafoveal preview benefit during the reading of Chinese sentences. The target word was a two-character compound that had either a noun–noun or an adjective–noun structure each sharing an identical noun as the second character. The boundary was located between the two characters of the compound word. Prior to the eyes crossing the boundary, the preview of the second character was presented either normally or was replaced by a pseudocharacter. Previously, Juhasz, Inhoff, and Rayner observed that inserting a space into a normally unspaced compound in English significantly disrupted processing and that this disruption was larger for adjective–noun compounds than for noun–noun compounds. This finding supports the hypothesis that, at least in English, for adjective–noun compounds, the noun is more important for lexical identification than the adjective, while for noun–noun compounds, both constituents are similar in importance for lexical identification. Our results indicate a similar division of the importance of compounds in reading in Chinese as the pseudocharacter preview was more disruptive for the adjective–noun compounds than for the noun–noun compounds. These findings also indicate that parafoveal processing can be influenced by the morphosyntactic structure of the currently fixated character.
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Adikayon, Leonilla Yolanda Kintan. "Compound words on the Jakarta post newspaper and Việtnam news newspaper". Journal of Applied Studies in Language 4, № 2 (2020): 260–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31940/jasl.v4i2.2107.
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A newspaper has become the major news source around the world, either the printed or online newspaper. A newspaper provides many kinds of news and from different perspectives. Words in the newspaper play a significant role to deliver the information to the readers. The morpho-semantic study is needed to find out the uncommon words and their meaning in the newspaper. News in The Jakarta Post newspaper and Việt Nam News newspaper were analyzed, applying Hamawand’s (2001) compound categorization. Endocentric compound and exocentric compound by O’Grady et al (2016) are also being used in this study. The data were taken in a purposive sampling technique by observing eight news in the business column by The Jakarta Post and nine news in the economy column by Việt Nam News, taken from August 28, 2020, until September 4, 2020. Both newspapers contain distinctive compound words related to the economy that is still rarely known by people. From the total seventeen news, only a noun compound and adjective compound are found in the news, while the verb compound does not appear at all. The total of compound words found in the news is 25; there are 18 noun compounds and 7 adjective compounds found in the news. There are 16 endocentric compounds and 9 exocentric compounds found. The result shows that noun compounds and endocentric compounds appear more often than adjective compounds and exocentric compounds.
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Satyawati, Made Sri. "Grammatical Analysis of Balinese Adjectives." International Journal of Linguistics 7, no. 3 (2015): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v7i3.7706.
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This study aims at describing the types of Balinese adjectives, constructions of adjective phrases, and syntactic functions of adjectives. Data was obtained from Balinese speakers living in the island of Bali using Balinese in their daily life. The form of Balinese adjectives is divided into monomorphemic and polymorphemic adjectives, and polymorphemic adjectives can be classified into adjectives with affixes, compound adjectives, and reduplicated adjectives. Meanwhile, adjective phrases in Balines can be constructed by adjectives + adverbs and adjectives + unique morphemes. Adjectives can be also as the base of derived verbs of intransitive, transitive, passive, and resultative passive. Syntactic functions of Balinese adjectives are as modifier of NP, as predicates of intransitive constructions, and used in comparative constructions as well. Balinese adjectives can be also reduplicated with or without affixes. Reduplicated adjectives without affixes are used as the predicate of sentences and have cross reference meaning to subject nouns they modify, in this case the suject nouns have plural meaning. Meanwhile, reduplicated adjectives with affixes <em>se-/-ne</em> do not modify subject nouns but they modify the actions stated by verbs of the sentences. It means combinationn affix <em>se-/-ne</em> has changed adjectives into adverbs of manner. Other uniqueness found in Balinese adjectives is the use of unique morphemes to result in adjective phrases. Balinese has many unique morphemes and each is used for particular adjectives and their uses are not possibly exchanged one to others complementarily.
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Van Goethem, Kristel, and Hendrik De Smet. "How nouns turn into adjectives." Languages in Contrast 14, no. 2 (2014): 251–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lic.14.2.04goe.
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This study focuses on French, English and Dutch adjectives that arise through debonding from N+N (and N+A) compounds or compound-like sequences (e.g. the adjectival uses of English ‘key’ and French clé “key”). Debonding is a type of degrammaticalization defined by Norde as “a composite change whereby a bound morpheme in a specific linguistic context becomes a free morpheme” (Norde, 2009: 186). We investigate for each of the three languages how the debonding process is impacted by three different factors: (1) the semantics of the noun subject to debonding, (2) the degree of prosodic and morphological cohesion of the sequence, (3) the presence of adjective inflection in the language. It is furthermore argued that in the case of Dutch, an additional process should be taken into account, that is the possibility of clipping of N+A compounds (e.g. stapel “lit. pile; madly in love” < stapelverliefd “lit. pile-in love; madly in love”).
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Kishimoto, Hideki. "On the grammaticalization of Japanese verbal negative marker." Journal of Japanese Linguistics 34, no. 1 (2018): 65–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jjl-2018-0005.
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Abstract In Japanese, the verbal negative marker nai appears in both negated verbs (as a sentential negator) and compound negative adjectives (as an affix). Negative nai used as a sentential negator is a syntactically independent word devoid of adjectival properties despite its adjectival inflection, whereas negative nai appearing in negative adjectives is a derivational affix. On the basis of idiomatic expressions, the present article argues that the lexical word nai ‘null, empty’ has developed into the affix nai while retaining its lexical properties via morphologization. On the other hand, the functional negator nai is argued to have emerged from the same lexical word nai via decategorialization, which induces a shift from a lexical to a functional category. The analysis taking the two uses of nai to trace back to the common source of the lexical negative adjective word nai provides a natural account for why nai has these two totally different uses.
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Antonova, Marina. "The Container Image Schema as the Conceptual Basis of English Adjectives’ Semantics." Journal of Language and Education 6, no. 1 (2020): 8–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/jle.2020.9751.
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This paper focuses on the cognitive foundation of the semantics of English adjectives that denote mental and moral characteristics of human beings. Research into these adjectives seems a challenging task because they denote abstract qualities that cannot be perceived through vision, hearing, or touch; and here a question arises: How are abstract qualities interpreted in English encoded through adjectives? To answer it, this study follows the idea of two-level semantics, i.e. word semantics is treated as a two-level phenomenon that comprises the semantic (external) level and the conceptual (deep) one. This study is the first to address adjectival semantics from this perspective. Here a novel approach to revealing the cognitive foundation of adjectives is introduced: given that adjectives originated from old syncretic items and a word cognitive model forms at the moment of word creation, cognitive models underlying adjectives' semantics are unearthed via analysis of their etymological data. Our contribution is two-fold. First, the approach has revealed that the image schema CONTAINER guides semantics of an array of various adjectives independent of their morphemic structure or date of origin. The examples demonstrate that abstract human qualities are interpreted via the following container features: boundary, container substance, size, hardness/softness of a container shell, etc. The semantics of affixed or compound adjectives appear to stem from the integration of concepts represented by an affix and a root or two roots, respectively. Second, the findings show that the value given to every container feature appears to predetermine the evaluation conveyed by an adjective. Container features tend to possess ambivalent value, realizing the positive or negative one due to the interaction with a frame in which the CONTAINER is incorporated, therefore the same polysemantic adjective may develop both positive and negative meanings. To reveal the whole inventory of cognitive models that govern adjectival semantics in English, further research needs to be conducted.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "COMPOUND ADJECTIVE"
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Missud, Jean. "Analyse linguistique, stylistique et prosodique de l'adjectif composé anglais." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0288.
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La première partie, « analyse morphologique, linguistique et stylistique de l’adjectif composé anglais » permet de faire un point sur ce que dit la littérature existante à propos de la manière dont la forme qui nous intéresse est construite. Nous interrogeons la manière dont le processus compositionnel donne naissance aux mots composés, avant de nous concentrer sur l’adjectif composé. Nous faisons une distinction entre composition et affixation ; puis nous établissons une liste des caractéristiques adjectivales de l’adjectif composé anglais. Le deuxième volet de ce premier mouvement est le lieu d’une étape importante de notre étude : la mise en place d’une typologie de l’adjectif composé anglais, construite à partir d’un relevé effectué dans huit œuvres du monde anglophone. Nous déterminons quels sont les cinq formats majeurs que l’adjectif composé adopte : nous mettons en place une analyse des relations syntaxiques et sémantiques au coeur des cinq formats qui dominent notre typologie, puis analysons l’apport stylistique de ces formes adjectivales composées aux oeuvres de notre corpus littéraire.La deuxième partie, « analyse prosodique de l’adjectif composé anglais », fait un état des lieux de la question de l’accentuation des adjectifs composés en lien, comme nous l’avons fait dans la première partie, avec ce qui est établi autour des autres mots composés, notamment les noms composés. L’aspect expérimental de cette deuxième partie prend la forme d’une étude phonologique de l’adjectif composé anglais en contexte théâtral<br>The first part consists in a morphologic, linguistic and stylistic study of the English compound adjective. We draw a summary of what the existing literature has said over the years about the adjectival compound form, which allows us to question the morphology of the compound process and the way this phenomenon produces new items of language by associating two or more existing words. We interrogate the possibility of links between the different compound words, notably the connections between the English compound noun and the English compound adjective. This first part also draws boundaries between different processes of morphology; once the compounding process and the compound adjective are defined, we draw a list of the adjectival characteristics of the compound adjective. After having studied the theories surrounding the English compound adjective, we set a typology of the form. This typology is built using the 1,521 instances found in 8 pieces of literature. We then focus our attention on the five most common syntactic formats found in our corpus: each of them is analyzed syntactically and semantically, then stylistically by examining how the authors of our corpus make use of the English compound adjective. The second part of the dissertation proposes to study the English compound adjective and its accentuation. We investigate what has been said in the existing literature about the accentuation of compound forms, notably on the accentuation of compounds versus phrases and on compound nouns
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Frandsen, Martina. "Rechercheintensive Werbemittelerstellung und sozialversicherungspflichtige Onlinemarketingagenturen : Eine deutsch-schwedische Übersetzungsanalyse von Substantiv- und Adjektivkomposita." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-89569.
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Compounds, i.e. combining two lexical morphemes, are used for various reasons, e.g. naming, reduction of letters and words, drawing attention and producing expressive and humorous effects, etc. Compounding is not a unique concept to the German language, but is regarded as one of its characteristic features. As the stylistic norms differ from language to language, it renders the task of translating compounds challenging. There are various translation strategies for translating compounds, the tendencies of which are explored in this study. The analysis is based on a Swedish translation of Kühn’s (2016) Das Handbuch für digitale Nomaden and focuses on noun and adjective compounds, as they are the most frequent compounds in German. Concerning noun compounds, the study shows a tendency towards translation strategies, which are close to the source text material in form and meaning, whereas translations of adjective compounds tend to use strategies, which are similar in meaning, but not in form, e.g. a paraphrase. On this basis, it is concluded that even though German and Swedish share linguistic similarities, they differ when it comes to stylistic norms, as German is considered more nominal, whereas Swedish has a more verbal mode of expression.
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Al-Muhannah, Amin. "Scientific and technological terms transfer into Arabic : a corpus-based study of Arabic Noun+Noun and Noun+Adjective compounds." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2003. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.498617.
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Bondarenko, Alice. "Lillebröder och småsaker : En studie av förleden lill- och små- i svenska sammansättningar." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Avdelningen för allmän språkvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-170275.
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I suppletion har olika böjningsformer av ett ord olika stammar. Det svenska adjektivet liten har den suppletiva pluralformen små och är det enda svenska adjektivet med numerussuppletion. I sammansättningar förekommer formerna lill- och små-. Då förled i sammansättningar inte förväntas vara suppletiva enligt moderna ordbildningsteorier kan de tänkas ha en annan funktion i sammansättningar. Denna studie undersöker produktivitet, användning och betydelse av förleden lill- och små- i nominala svenska sammansättningar med data från korpusar. Resultaten visar att lill- och små- inte uttrycker grammatiskt numerus i sammansättningar utan sinsemellan uteslutande, lexikaliserade betydelser. Lill- har en hög grad av individualitet och används i betydelsen ’mindre’ och ’imitation’, samt som en ameliorativ diminutivform som syftar på barn. Små- är mer produktivt än lill-, har en lägre grad av individualitet och används med betydelserna ’liten storlek’, ’obetydlig’ och ’ung’. För en begränsad grupp sammansättningar med släktskapsord som huvudled verkar numerus vara den viktigaste faktoren vid val av förled.<br>In suppletion different inflectional forms of a word have different stems. The Swedish adjective liten has the suppletive plural form små and is the only Swedish adjective with number suppletion. In compounds the forms lill- and små- are used. Since non-head elements in compounds are not expected to show suppletion according to modern theories of word formation they may be assumed to express some other meaning. This study examines the productivity, use and meaning of lill- and små- in nominal Swedish compounds, using data from corpora. The results show that lill- and små- do not express grammatical number in compounds, but mutually exclusive, lexicalized senses. Lill- has a high degree of individuality and is used in the senses of ‘smaller’, ‘imitation’ as well as of an ameliorative diminutive referring to children. Små- is more productive than lill-, has a lower degree of individuality and is used with the senses ‘small size’, ‘unimportant’ and ‘young’. For a limited group of compounds with a kinship term as a head, number seems to be the most important factor when determining which first element to chose.
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Ведерникова, Ю. В., та Y. V. Vedernikova. "Композитные прилагательные в англоязычных и немецкоязычных печатных медийных текстах и способы их передачи при переводе на русский язык : магистерская диссертация". Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10995/62202.
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The topic of the present graduation thesis is “Compound Adjectives in English-language and German-language Printed Media Texts and the Means of Their Translation into Russian”.
The purpose of the investigation lies in revealing the functional and stylistic properties of compound adjectives in English- and German-language printed media texts and analyzing the means of their translation into Russian with regard to the abovementioned features.
The subject of the research is compound adjectives in English- and German-language printed media texts and their correspondences in the translations of such texts into Russian published at http://inosmi.ru/.
The scope of the research includes functional and stylistic properties of compound adjectives in English- and German-language printed media texts and the means of their translation into Russian with regard to the abovementioned features.
The methodic system applied results from the targets set and has a complex character. The leading method is a comparative research. The linguistic description is based on general scientific techniques such as induction and deduction as well as synthesis, analysis and classification. Separate tasks of the research required the use of a stylistic and functional analysis of the translation units and statistic method. The linguistic material was collected with the use of the simple random sampling.
The research reveals and systemizes the functions and stylistic properties of compound adjectives in English- and German-language printed media texts and the means of their translation into Russian with regard to the properties revealed.
The results of the research may be used as a teaching material for students majoring in translation at stylistics and translation practice classes and also as a guidance for translation of publicistic texts from English and German into Russian.<br>Тема выпускной квалификационной работы – «Композитные прилагательные в англоязычных и немецкоязычных печатных медийных текстах и способы их передачи при переводе на русский язык».
Цель исследования заключается в выявлении функциональных и стилистических особенностей сложных прилагательных в англо- и немецкоязычных печатных медийных текстах и анализ способов передачи таких сложных прилагательных при переводе на русский язык с учётом выявленных особенностей.
Объектом исследования данной работы послужили сложные прилагательные в англо- и немецкоязычных печатных текстах СМИ и их соответствия в переводах таких текстов на русский язык, опубликованных на сайте http://inosmi.ru/.
Предметом исследования явились функционально-стилистические характеристики сложных прилагательных в англо- и немецкоязычных печатных медийных текстах и способы передачи таких сложных прилагательных при переводе на русский язык с учётом вышеуказанных характеристик.
Методика исследования вытекает из сути поставленных задач и носит комплексный характер. Работа выполнена в русле сопоставительного метода. Лингвистическое описание базируется на общенаучных методах индукции и дедукции, а также анализа, синтеза и классификации. Для решения отдельных задач исследования использованы функционально-стилистический анализ единиц перевода и оригинала, а также статистический метод. Сбор языкового материала осуществлялся методом простой случайной выборки.
В ходе исследования впервые выявляются и систематизируются функции и стилистические черты композитных прилагательных в печатных текстах СМИ и приёмы передачи при переводе таких прилагательных с учётом указанных особенностей.
Результаты исследования могут быть применены для целей обучения студентов переводческих специальностей на занятиях по стилистике и практике перевода, а также при переводе публицистических текстов с английского и немецкого языков на русский язык.
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Schmidtová, Iva. "Syntax složených adjektiv v překladovém slovníku." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-328543.
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The aim of the given thesis is to expound the problem of syntax processing by creating adjectival compounds in dictionary entries for the Large German-Czech Academic Dictionary. Assuming that exactly these words, which belong to the complicated vocabulary items, cause difficulties for foreign speakers with text comprehension and text production. It is based on the nature of German language, which makes many compounds, as opposed to in Czech language. Not only are the meanings of these words revealed to be problematic, but also their usage. The thesis is divided into two parts. The theoretical part deals with characteristics of adjectives as word class, and because each word always has its context, attention will be primarily focused on the adjectival valency. Previously, only the valency of verbs and substantives has been discussed. When a native speaker automatically knows these syntax structures and even when, in case of foreign language, there could exist structural similarities between the source and target language, the structures ought consequently to be given in the dictionary. In some mono- or bilingual dictionary the user should find complex informations for word searched. The practical part involves analysis of ten chosen adjective compounds, which shows how the valency structures are...
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Chang, Chien-Pin, and 張建斌. "Gender Representations Manifested in Chinese Adjectival Compounds." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/w5wsv6.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣師範大學<br>英語學系<br>96<br>In Mandarin Chinese, when a morpheme biased towards a given gender combines with another word to form a compound, this compound tends to maintain the gender connotation of the biased morpheme. However, some compounds do not reveal this tendency. This thesis aims to investigate such unequal phenomena found in some Chinese gendered adjectival compounds and their linguistic effects and connotations. We focus on the following five characters and their adjectival compounds (23 in total): kuang (狂), hao (豪), rou (柔), wen (溫), and zheng (正). This thesis combines two approaches, including a corpus-based approach and questionnaire collection. The two approaches complement each other.
The search engine “Google” was chosen as the tool to access our corpus—the web. Tokens in which a compound was used to modify people were included for analysis, and there were 690 tokens collected in total. In addition, we recruited 108 men and 127 women, and the participants were further divided into two age groups. The participants were asked to judge a compound’s likelihood to collocate with men and women, express their feeling about a compound when it is used to describe them, and provide a representative figure for each compound.
The results of the corpus-based study show that each adjectival compound has its collocational preference, which may result from diverse factors, including the original semantic features of the compounds, the influence of the Internet and mass media, social trends, etc. In addition, it is observed that female-inclined compounds carry negative meanings more often. When a compound co-occurs with different genders, different meanings and connotations might be generated. The results to some degree reflect the stereotypes people generally hold.
The questionnaire reveals the great influence of gender stereotypes on people’s perceptions of the compounds. The female participants’ and the junior group’s answers are also found to be more flexible in that the boundaries between masculine and feminine compounds are not as absolute as before. Additionally, it is found that male-inclined words are usually preferred, while most female-inclined words are dispreferred. However, women are adapted to these words more often. Women’s disadvantageous language position is observed. The different preferences of the junior group and the senior group also suggest the change of social trends. Furthermore, it is also discovered that the female participants are more likely to provide female representative figures for a preferred male-inclined compound. Through the comparison between the junior group’s and the senior group’s answers, it is also found that the images of men and women are changing. Finally, the discrepancies between the two approaches display the influence of the Internet and mass media.
It is hoped that by observing some gendered adjectival compounds in Mandarin Chinese, we can gain a deeper understanding of how lexical meanings can reflect social values.
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NOVÁKOVÁ, Veronika. "Složená adjektiva v době barokní a jejich vývoj v době národního obrození." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-385115.
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Topic of this dissertation are compound adjective, their development and usage during two historical periods. Compounding is on the edge of czech word-formation methods. This method of creating new lexical units has spread the most during Czech National Revival as one way of expanding czech lexicon. Authors used mostly semantic fullness, economy of expression and uncommonness of compounds in both specialized and artistical texts and in both prosaical and poetical texts. Compounding already started to evolve more in Baroque period, compounds were used for their communicative value and unusualness. Basic classification is adopted from monograph Česká kompozita diachronně by Dušan Šlosar (1999), secondarily from monograph Tvoření slov skládáním by Ivana Bozděchová (1994). The aim of the work is to capture development of structures used in adjective compounds formation during these two periods, also to examine their occurences, functions and types, how they developed and changed during the periods of Baroque and Czech National Revival. The work contributes to analytical examination of the historical development of word-formation level of czech language, specifically of the method of compounding.
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ŽIŠKOVÁ, Dana. "Složená adjektiva v dílech obrozenských autorů." Master's thesis, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-45485.
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The topic of this thesis covers the field of word-formation processes and describes the word-formation creativity of second revival generation authors, in particular compound adjectives. The poetry collections of selected second revival generation authors (F. L. Čelakovský, J. K. Chmelenský, J. V. Kamarýt and M. M. Z. Polák) are the source for compound adjectives research. The monograph of Dušan Šlosar Česká kompozita diachronně/Czech Compounds in Diachronic aspect (1999) is the source of methodology for this research. We have worked with terms: compound adjectives, compounding, derivative compounding, linking word, first and second part of a compound. The research target of this thesis is to classify the compound adjectives, to assess the meaning and use of compounds in text, to consider their communicative significance and to observe the frequency of compounds in the text of the authors.
Books on the topic "COMPOUND ADJECTIVE"
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Hu, Xuhui. The syntax and semantics of Chinese resultatives. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808466.003.0004.
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This chapter investigates the syntactic derivation of Chinese resultatives. While in English resultatives the [uDiv] feature is valued with the mechanism of feature sharing, in Chinese resultatives it is valued by a verbal C-functor, by nature equivalent to en in flatten. The Chinese V–V resultative compound is a single de-adjectival verb: the first verb is a verbal C-functor and the second one is an adjective. The V–V resultative construction is therefore analyzed as a causative construction involving a de-adjectival verb. This single hypothesis provides a unified account of the seemingly mysterious properties of Chinese resultatives as well as the differences from English resultatives. This account is based on a general hypothesis of Synchronic Grammaticalization: in an analytical language like Chinese where there is only a very limited array of functional items, lexical items are selected to serve as functional items to meet the universal requirement of feature valuation.
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Snyder, William. Compound Word Formation. Edited by Jeffrey L. Lidz, William Snyder, and Joe Pater. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199601264.013.6.
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Compound word formation is examined from the twin perspectives of comparative grammar and child language acquisition. Points of cross-linguistic variation addressed include the availability of bare-stem endocentric compounding as a “creative” process, head modifier order, the distribution of linking elements in Swedish and German compounds, the possibility of recursion, and the availability of synthetic compounding of the -ER (English dish washer) and bare-stem (French lave-vaisselle) types. Proposals discussed at length include Beard’s Generalization (which links head modifier order in compounds to the position of attributive adjectives), Snyder’s Compounding Parameter (linking syntactic availability of verb-particle constructions and adjectival resultatives to availability of creative endocentric compounding), and Gordon’s acquisitional studies of Kiparsky’s Generalization (concerning restrictions on regular plural-marking within compounds).
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Dworkin, Steven N. Syntactic features of medieval Hispano-Romance. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199687312.003.0004.
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This chapter describes selected issues of noun phrase, verb phrase, and sentential syntax. It emphasizes differences between the selected constructions in Old Spanish and in the modern standard language. Specific issues discussed include the function of determiners, the use of subject pronouns, the preverbal or postverbal placement of clitic object pronouns, direct object marking, and issues involving subject-verb-object and noun-adjective word order. The section on verbal syntax examines the use of the present, imperfect, and preterit tenses in medieval Hispano-Romance, the syntax of analytic or compound tenses, the syntactic differences between the synthetic and analytic futures, the syntax and semantics of the subjunctive, and the syntax of aver/tener and ser/estar.
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Scully, Stephen. Hesiodic Poetics. Edited by Alexander C. Loney and Stephen Scully. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190209032.013.10.
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In terms of poetics, the contest between Hesiod and Homer seems simultaneously natural and surprising: natural because both of them composed in the artificial “song dialect” and highly formulaic medium of epea, and surprising because Homer’s long, heroic poetry differed so greatly in voice, theme, length, structure, and style from Hesiod’s much shorter, catalogic narrative poetry or from his didactic poetry. This chapter examines Hesiod’s poetry alongside Homer’s in terms of voice and theme, length and form, and style and genealogical lists. With examples from both singers, I propose that it may be a stylistic feature of catalogic poetry to interweave the personified names in a list with the corresponding lowercase words (nouns, verbs, adjectives) in the surrounding narrative. I also propose that, to a greater extent than Homer, Hesiod, with his fondness for word play and etymological punning, draws attention upon individual words.
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Dworkin, Steven N. A Guide to Old Spanish. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199687312.001.0001.
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This book describes the linguistic structures that constitute Medieval or Old Spanish as preserved in texts written prior to the beginning of the sixteenth century. It emphasizes those structures that contrast with the modern standard language. Chapter 1 presents methodological issues raised by the study of a language preserved only in written sources. Chapter 2 examines questions involved in reconstructing the sound system of Old Spanish before discussing relevant phonetic and phonological details. The chapter ends with an overview of Old Spanish spelling practices. Chapter 3 presents in some detail the nominal, verbal, and pronominal morphology of the language, with attention to regional variants. Chapter 4 describes selected syntactic structures, with emphasis on the noun phrase, verb phrase, object pronoun placement, subject-verb-object word order, verb tense, aspect, and mood. Chapter 5 begins with an extensive list of Old Spanish nouns, adjectives, verbs, and function words that have not survived into the modern standard language. It then presents examples of coexisting variants (doublets) and changes of meaning, and finishes with an overview of the creation of neologisms in the medieval language through derivational morphology (prefixation, suffixation, compounding). The book concludes with an anthology composed of three extracts from Spanish prose texts, one each from the thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth centuries. The extracts contain footnotes that highlight relevant morphological, syntactic, and lexical features, with cross references to the relevant sections in the body of the book.
Book chapters on the topic "COMPOUND ADJECTIVE"
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Backhuys, Kees-Jan. "Adjectival compounds in Dutch." In Linguistics in the Netherlands 1989, edited by Hans Bennis and Ans van Kemenade. De Gruyter, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110870060-003.
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Zhao, Qingqing. "Mandarin Compound Adjectives Combining Different Modalities." In Embodied Conceptualization or Neural Realization. Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9315-1_6.
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Fabri, Ray. "Compounding and adjective-noun compounds in Maltese." In Studies in Language Companion Series. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/slcs.113.15fab.
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He, Zan, and Caijun Li. "Identification on Semantic Orientation of Adjectives in Nominal Compound Phrases AN1N2." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36337-5_25.
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Miller, D. Gary. "Compounding." In The Oxford Gothic Grammar. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198813590.003.0007.
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Gothic is rich in endocentric N+N compounds. Except for V+N, other kinds of nominal endocentrics are also plentiful. Less frequent are adjectival endocentrics. Most productive of the exocentric compounds is the adjectival type (bahuvrihis). Predominant among the synthetic type are those with -(j)an- and participial heads. Gothic has identificational compounds but possibly no dvandvas. These are difficult to identify due to uncertainties in the meaning of the constituents. Several compounding heads were grammaticalized as suffixes, most notably -laus (free from, deprived of) and -leiks ((a)like, -ly). A composition vowel is normal in endocentrics. Bahuvrihis with a non-n-stem adjectival first component have no juncture -a-, nor do compounds beginning with a P-word or indeclinable numeral. No compound types are shared exclusively by Gothic and North Germanic.
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Efimova, Valeriya S. "On the Role of Old Church Slavonic Suffixation in the Calquing of Greek Compounds." In Slavic and Balkan linguistics. Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2658-3372.2020.1.06.
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The section discusses the translation settings of St. Cyril applicable to the transfer of Greek compounds and derivatives from compounds in the Old Church Slavonic language. The author reveals that initial St. Cyril's setting of translation of the two-root Greek words by simple (single-root) words further evolves towards the transfer by compounds. At the same time, another St. Cyril's setting retained: the use of the productive suffixes in the procedure of calquing of the two-root Greek counterparts. This setting indicated that the newly formed word was associated with adjectives or substantives. The suffixation by productive suffixes distinguished Old Church Slavonic compounding from compounding in Slavic folk speech of the time and was used more widely than in Greek compounding. The author suggests that in the absence of the article as such in the Slavic grammatical system, St. Cyril introduced the suffixation into the procedure for the formation of compounds to distinguish between adjective compounds and substantive compounds nominating objects (most often persons).
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Vlasova, T. "About the history of the compound adjective with the component "natsionalno-" in the Russian language of the 19th century." In Modern Russian lexicology, lexicography and linguistic geography - 2019. Institute for linguistic Studies, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.30842/26583763201902.
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"12. COMPOUND NOUNS & ADJECTIVES." In Minimum competence in scientific English. EDP Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/978-2-7598-0989-9-015.
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"12. COMPOUND NOUNS & ADJECTIVES." In Minimum competence in scientific English. EDP Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/978-2-7598-0989-9.c015.
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Maiden, Martin, Adina Dragomirescu, Gabriela Pană Dindelegan, Oana Uță Bărbulescu, and Rodica Zafiu. "Word formation in diachrony." In The Oxford History of Romanian Morphology. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198829485.003.0007.
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How are affixes structured and segmented? What is the range of diminutive and augmentative suffixes? What suffixes are ethnic and agentive in Romanian? How do suffixes mark distinctions of sex? What suffixes mark abstract nouns, adjectives, and verbs? What are the prefixes of Romanian? What is the nature of Romanian prefixoids and suffixoids? How are compound nouns, adjectives, and verbs formed? What is the morphological history of numerals?
Conference papers on the topic "COMPOUND ADJECTIVE"
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Novello, Alexandre Ferreira, and Marco Antonio Casanova. "A Novel Solution for the Aggregation Problem in Natural Language Interface to Databases (NLIDB)." In XXXV Simpósio Brasileiro de Banco de Dados. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sbbd.2020.13644.
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Natural Language Interface to Databases (NLIDB) systems usually do not deal with aggregations, which can be of two types: aggregation functions (such as count, sum, average, minimum, and maximum) and grouping functions (GROUP BY). This paper addresses the creation of a generic module, to be used in NLIDB systems, that allows such systems to perform queries with aggregations, on the condition that the query results the NLIDB returns are or can be transformed into tables. The paper covers aggregations with specificities, such as ambiguities, timescale differences, aggregations in multiple attributes, the use of superlative adjectives, basic unit measure recognition, and aggregations in attributes with compound names.