Journal articles: 'Compound. eng'

1

Loto, Roland Tolulope, and Asamaige Ogaga. "Inhibition effect of the synergistic properties of 4-methyl-norvalin and 2-methoxy-4-formylphenol on the electrochemical deterioration of P4 low carbon mold steel." Open Engineering 10, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2020-0002.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractStudy of the synergistic inhibition properties of the combined admixture of 4-methyl-norvalin and 2-methoxy-4-formylphenol (non-toxic organic compounds) on the corrosion of P4 low carbon mold steel in 1.5 M H2SO4 and HCl solution was performed with weight loss measurement, potentiodynamic polarization and optical microscopy analysis. Results obtained showed the inhibition efficiency of the admixed compound performed above the value for effective corrosion inhibition at very low concentrations in H2SO4 solution. However, from mid concentration to the highest concentration studied, the inhibition efficiency of the compound was above 85% from electrochemical tests. In HCl solution the inhibition efficiency of the compound was well above 80% and 90% for weight loss and polarization tests at all concentration studied. Anodic corrosion inhibition mechanism was determined for the compound in H2SO4 according to Freundlich and Frumkin adsorption isotherms due to weak Van der Waals attraction between the inhibitor molecules and the steel’s surface. The mechanism of corrosion inhibition in HCl was calculated to be cathodic type according to Langmuir isotherm model.Morphological images of inhibited and non-inhibited steel surfaces significantly contrast each other though the extent of deterioration was much severe for the steel from H2SO4 solution.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Liu, Chao, Yanbo Li, and Yiping Zeng. "Progress in Antimonide Based III-V Compound Semiconductors and Devices." Engineering 02, no. 08 (2010): 617–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/eng.2010.28079.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Ricardo, Bernardo. "Measurements of the Electrical Incidence Angle Modifiers of an Asymmetrical Photovoltaic/Thermal Compound Parabolic Concentrating-Collector." Engineering 05, no. 01 (2013): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/eng.2013.51b007.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Keshavarzi, Alireza, Mehdi Valizadeh, and James Ball. "Experimental Study of the Effects of Submerged Dikes on the Energy and Momentum Coefficients in Compound Channel." Engineering 02, no. 11 (2010): 855–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/eng.2010.211108.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Zhao, Peiteng, Huanhuan Zhang, and Bo Peng. "The Summary of the Research on the Compound Braking Strategy of Four Wheel Hub Motor Drive Electric Vehicle." Engineering 08, no. 07 (2016): 432–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/eng.2016.87040.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Komisarczyk, Katarzyna, Przemyław Czapik, and Kamila Komisarczyk. "Quartz bentonite sandmix in sand-lime products." Open Engineering 9, no. 1 (August 31, 2019): 367–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2019-0042.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThe challenge related to waste management has become a serious worldwide environmental problem. Highly sustainable solutions, which do not involve reworking the material and are based on waste utilization, are sought. Such waste as used casting compounds, which so far has been used, among others, in construction, road construction, mining and cement production. Descriptions of the use of various waste moulding compounds, such as waste quartz compounds with water glass, quartz chamotte and quartz bentonite can be found in the literature. Due to the high content of quartz and low toxicity of bentonite sandmix, an attempt was done to use them for the production of sand-lime products.The aim of this article is to determine the suitability of the waste material as a substitute for quartz sand in the production of sand-lime products. The usability of waste was determined by laboratory tests of physicochemical characteristics of the finished silicates. Sand, which is a carrier of silica, was replaced with used moulding compounds with fractions up to 0.5 mm, in the weight amounts of 5.5, 11 and 16.5%. Applying up to 11% of used casting materials as a substitute for quartz sand with a lime content of 5.5% in the raw material mixture has a clearly positive effect on compressive strength. However, the higher share of sand substitution in the mixture weakens the mechanical features of the obtained materials. The absorptivity of the finished products increases with the increase of the inserted additions’ amounts. The influence of significant amounts of casting compound additives on the microstructure of calcium-silicate products was studied as well. It was stated, that they affect the location of the tobermorite in the volume of the autoclaved material.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Son, Tran Cao, Nguyen Thi Thanh Lam, Vu Ngoc Tu, Bui Quang Dong, Le Thi Hong Hao, Luu Quoc Toan, and N. A. Lebedeva-Neservia. "Exposure assessment and risk characterization of n-nitrosodimethylamine (ndma) in the diet of children from 6 to 36 months in Hanoi, Vietnam." Health Risk Analysis, no. 3 (September 2020): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2020.3.10.eng.

Full text

Abstract:

N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) is a highly hepatotoxic compound and classified as group 2A according to IARC, which is probably carcinogenic to humans. The habit of consumption of grilled meat-based foods may lead to a health risk, especially in children. In this study, a food consumption survey was conducted in 4 districts (2 in urban and 2 in suburban areas) in Hanoi, Vietnam. Food samples in the diet of children from 6 to 36 months was collected and tested for NDMA by GC-MS/MS method. Total exposure dose was calculated and compared to the proposed tolerable daily intake (TDI) to characterize the risk. Among the food tested, NDMA was detected in canned puree, grilled meat and sausage. The average contents of NDMA were 1.50 μg/kg, 1.18 μg/kg and 0.20 μg/kg in grilled meat, sausage and puree, respectively. The average total daily exposure dose of NDMA was 8.23 ng/kg bw/day in all studied group, which were within the upper recommended TDI (9.3 ng/kg bw/day). With a certain assumption, the cancer risk caused by exposure to NDMA were higher than the recommended value of WHO.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Sherko, Esmeralda. "Compound Pronouns in English and Albanian." European Journal of Language and Literature 2, no. 1 (August 30, 2015): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejls.v2i1.p36-41.

Full text

Abstract:

This study concentrates on compound pronouns in English and Albanian. Compounding is considered as one of the most prolific word formation techniques in both languages. The study is made up of three basic parts: compounding is analysed theoretically; compound pronouns collected by the Dictionary of Contemporary Albanian Language and Oxford Student’s Dictionary are analysed; conclusions are drawn as of their similarities and differences. Albanian language provides interesting results as it includes a specific category of pronouns under a different heading than compounding and that is agglutinated pronouns. Compound pronouns are analysed quantitatively and qualitatively in both languages. Quantitative analysis deals with their positioning in relation to all compound words per each dictionary. Qualitative analysis deals with the elements constituting the compound pronouns. The study also pinpoints the differences and similarities between compound pronouns when translated from English into Albanian and vice versa. The study is illustrated with abundant examples in both languages. Statistic results of the study show that Albanian compound (agglutinated) pronouns outnumber the English compound pronouns→ 81: 18; also constituent structures of Alb. vs Eng. pronouns are →9:2. Translation of pronouns from one language into the other: one English pronoun – different Albanian pronouns and vice versa.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Pielecha, Jacek, Kinga Skobiej, and Karolina Kurtyka. "Testing and evaluation of cold-start emissions from a gasoline engine in RDE test at two different ambient temperatures." Open Engineering 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 425–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2021-0047.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract In order to better reflect the actual ecological performance of vehicles in traffic conditions, both the emission standards and the applied emission tests are being developed, for example by considering exhaust emissions for a cold engine start. This article presents the research results on the impact of ambient temperature during the cold start of a gasoline engine in road emission tests. The Real Driving Emissions (RDE) tests apply to passenger cars that meet the Euro 6 emissions norm and they are complementary to their type approval tests. A portable emissions measurement system was used to record the engine and vehicle operating parameters, as well as to measure the exhaust emissions during tests. This allowed for parameters such as engine load, engine speed and vehicle speed to be monitored. The cold start conditions for two different temperatures (8°C and 25°C) were compared in detail. Moreover, the engine operating parameters, exhaust concentration values and road emissions for the 300 s time interval, were compared. The summary of the article presents the share of a passenger car’s cold start phase for each exhaust compound in the urban part of the test and in the entire Real Driving Emissions test depending on the ambient temperature.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Medeiros, Jovany Luis Alves de, João Antonio Maciel Nobrega, Luiz Augusto Franco de Andrade, and Neil Ferreira Novo. "Facial electroneurography in Bell's palsy: variability in the early stage and comparison between interpretation methods." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 54, no. 3 (September 1996): 397–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x1996000300006.

Full text

Abstract:

To determine the variability of the abnormalities found in the electroneurography (ENG) of the facial nerve in cases of Bell's palsy during the initial two week period was one of the objectives of the authors. A second one was to investigate the value of ENG as a tool to determine an early prognosis of recovery utilizing two different methods. In the first one the amplitude of the compound muscular action potential (CMAP) obtained on the paralyzed side was compared to this potential on the opposite (normal) side. The second method compared the CMAP on the paralyzed side to normal standardized data from normal individuals. A group of 33 patients with Bell's palsy was followed until total recovery or for at least 4 months, if the recovery was not achieved earlier. It was observed that amplitude of the CMAP become stable towards the sixth day of palsy and this is a good time to establish the prognosis. Another conclusion is that both methods were equivalent to determine the prognosis in Bell's palsy.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Guo, Fengkai, Haijun Wu, Jianbo Zhu, Honghao Yao, Yang Zhang, Bo Cui, Qian Zhang, et al. "Synergistic boost of output power density and efficiency in In-Li–codoped SnTe." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 44 (October 14, 2019): 21998–2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1911085116.

Full text

Abstract:

We report enhanced thermoelectric performance of SnTe by further increasing its intrinsic high carrier concentration caused by Sn vacancies in contrast to the traditional method. Along with In2Te3 alloying, which results in an enhanced Seebeck coefficient, Li2Te is added to further increase the carrier concentration in order to maintain high electrical conductivity. Finally, a relatively high PFave of ∼28 μW cm−1 K−2 in the range between 300 and 873 K is obtained in an optimized SnTe-based compound. Furthermore, nanoprecipitates with extremely high density are constructed to scatter phonons strongly, resulting in an ultralow lattice thermal conductivity of ∼0.45 W m−1 K−1 at 873 K. Given that the Z value is temperature dependent, the (ZT)eng and (PF)eng values are adopted to accurately predict the performance of this material. Taking into account the Joule and Thomson heat, output power density of ∼5.53 W cm−2 and leg efficiency of ∼9.6% are calculated for (SnTe)2.94(In2Te3)0.02-(Li2Te)0.045 with a leg length of 4 mm and cold- and hot-side temperatures of 300 and 870 K, respectively.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Presley, Gerald N., Allison Z. Werner, Rui Katahira, David C. Garcia, Stefan J. Haugen, Kelsey J. Ramirez, Richard J. Giannone, Gregg T. Beckham, and Joshua K. Michener. "Corrigendum to “Pathway discovery and engineering for cleavage of a β-1 lignin-derived biaryl compound” [Metab. Eng. 65 (2021) 1–10]." Metabolic Engineering 66 (July 2021): 328–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymben.2021.05.003.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Drăghici, Nicu Cătălin, Maria Magdalena Tămaș, Daniel Corneliu Leucuța, Tudor Dimitrie Lupescu, Ștefan Strilciuc, Simona Rednic, and Dafin Fior Mureșanu. "Diagnosis Accuracy of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome in Diabetic Neuropathy." Medicina 56, no. 6 (June 5, 2020): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina56060279.

Full text

Abstract:

Background and objectives: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common pathology, but sometimes the diagnosis is delayed in patients with diabetic neuropathy (DN). The aim of the study is twofold: first, to compare the accuracy of ultrasound (US) with that of electroneurography (ENG) in the diagnosis of CTS associated with DN, using the clinical diagnosis as a reference standard, and second, to investigate the correlation between morphological US parameters and electrodiagnosis (EDX) measurements in patients with CTS and DN. Materials and Methods: This study included patients with DN. They were divided into two groups: Control (patients without CTS) and Cases (patients with CTS). We performed US and ENG in both hands, totaling 56 wrists, with 28 wrists in each group. Results: We found that the difference in the sensory distal latencies between the median and the ulnar nerves (ring finger) exhibited the highest diagnostic accuracy of all the US and ENG parameters, areas under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) = 0.99 (95% CI 0.97–1), and it was significantly different from the best US diagnostic method. The wrist cross-sectional area (CSA) had the most accurate US diagnosis, while the wrist-to-forearm ratio had the worst AUC. Moreover, in the group of CTS and DN patients, the wrist CSA enlargement was statistically directly proportional to the median compound muscle action potential (CMAP) distal latency and inversely proportional to the antidromic median nerve conduction study (NCS) and the orthodromic median palm–wrist NCS. Conclusions: Both examinations can be used with confidence in the diagnosis of CTS overlapping with DN, but the EDX examination seems to be more accurate. Furthermore, we found a positive correlation between the US and EDX parameters.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Jager, Johan, and Sjoerd De Wolf. "Comment on note: “measurement of solid concentration of a soluble compound in a saturated slurry”: Can. J. Chem. Eng. 65, 163-165 (1987)." Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering 66, no. 1 (February 1988): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cjce.5450660131.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Kummer, Ana Carolina Barbosa, Helio Grassi Filho, Thomaz Figueiredo Lobo, and Rodollpho Artur de Souza Lima. "FERTILIZANTE ORGÂNICO COMPOSTO E ÁGUA RESIDUÁRIA NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DE TRIGO IRRIGADO POR GOTEJAMENTO." IRRIGA 22, no. 2 (June 18, 2018): 275–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.15809/irriga.2017v22n2p275-287.

Full text

Abstract:

FERTILIZANTE ORGÂNICO COMPOSTO E ÁGUA RESIDUÁRIA NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DE TRIGO IRRIGADO POR GOTEJAMENTO ANA CAROLINA BARBOSA1 KUMMER; HELIO GRASSI FILHO2; THOMAZ FIGUEIREDO LOBO3 E RODOLLPHO ARTUR DE SOUZA LIMA4 1 Enga. Agrícola, Doutora, Profa. Departamento de Engenharia Civil, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa – UEPG. Av. General Carlos Cavalcanti,4748, CEP 84030-900, Ponta Grossa/ PR; ackummer@hotmail.com.2 Eng. Agrônomo, Doutor, Prof. Departamento de Solos e Recursos Ambientais, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” – FCA/UNESP. Rua José Barbosa de Barros, n.º 1780, CEP 18610-307, Botucatu/SP; heliograssi@fca.unesp.br.3 Eng. Agrônomo, Doutor, Prof. Departamento de Ciência Extas e Sociais Aplicadas, Universidade Sagrado Coração – USC. R. Irmã Arminda, 10-50, Bauru/SP; thomaz.lobo@superig.com.4 Eng. Agrônomo, Doutorando, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produção Vegetal, Universidade Estadual Norte Fluminense – UENF. Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000 – Horto, CEP 28013-602, Campus do Goytacazes/RJ; rodollphoartur@hotmail.com. 1 RESUMO Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar o efeito do uso de fertilizante orgânico composto (lodo de esgoto compostado - LEC) em plantas de trigo irrigadas com água residuária proveniente da saída de uma estação de tratamento de esgotos. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado em parcela subdividida, adotando-se nas parcelas dois tipos de água para a irrigação (água potável – AP e água residuária – AR) e nas subparcelas 7 níveis de adubação nitrogenada, assim descritos: T1, sem adubação nitrogenada; T2, 80 kg ha-1 de N via ureia; T3, 40 kg ha-1 de N via ureia + 40 kg ha-1 de N via LEC; T4, T5, T6 e T7 corresponderam à 80, 120, 160 e 200 kg ha-1 de N via LEC, respectivamente. A irrigação com água residuária na ausência de adubação nitrogenada promoveu incrementos de 36, 100, 48 e 77% na massa seca da parte aérea (MSPA), número de perfilhos (NP), número de espigas por planta (NE) e no rendimento de grãos (RG), respectivamente. O uso conjunto de AR e doses de N acima de 80 kg ha-1 via LEC no solo, promoveu decréscimos no comprimento de espiga (CE), MSPA e RG. Os resultados apontam para a substituição de 100% da adubação nitrogenada química (dose de 80 ka ha-1 de N), pelo equivalente em N via LEC (100% lodo), sem prejuízos à cultura do trigo. Palavras-chave: efluente, lodo, compostado, nitrogênio, irrigação. KUMMER, A. C. B.; GRASSI FILHO, H.; LOBO, T. F.; LIMA, R. A. S.ORGANIC COMPOUND FERTILZER AND WASTEWATER IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF WHEAT IRRIGATED BY DRIPPING 2 ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of organic compound fertilizer use (composted sewage sludge - CSS) in wheat plants irrigated with wastewater from the output of a sewage treatment plant. Completely randomized design was used in a split plot, adopting in the plots two types of water for irrigation (drinking water - DA and wastewater - WW) and in subplots seven nitrogen fertilization levels, described as follows: T1 without nitrogen fertilization; T2, 80 kg ha-1 of N of urea; T3, 40 kg ha-1 N of urea + 40 kg ha-1 N of CSS; T4, T5, T6 and T7 corresponded to 80, 120, 160 and 200 kg ha-1 N of CSS, respectively. Irrigation with WW promoted increments of 36, 100, 48 e 77% of dry matter (DM), number of tillers (NT), number of spikes per plant (NS) and grain yield per plant (GY), respectively. The use of wastewater with doses of nitrogen above 80 kg ha-1 from composed sewage sludge, promoted decreases in spike length, dry mass and grain yield. The results point to the substitution of 100% of the chemical nitrogen fertilization (dose of 80 ka ha-1 of N), by the equivalent in N from CSS (100% sludge), without damages to the wheat crop. Keywords: wastewater, sludge, compound, nitrogen, irrigation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Usha, N., V. R. K. Murthy, and J. Sobhanadri. "Corrigendum to “Optical and low frequency conductivity measurements on pure and mixed stages of graphite-ferric chloride intercalation compound” [Mater. Sci. Eng., B33 (1995) 211]." Materials Science and Engineering: B 38, no. 1-2 (March 1996): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-5107(95)01507-8.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Barba, L. A. "Discussion: “Three-Dimensional Vortex Method for Gas-Particle Two-Phase Compound Round Jet” (Uchiyama, T., and Fukase, A., 2005, ASME J. Fluids Eng., 127, pp. 32–40)." Journal of Fluids Engineering 128, no. 3 (October 25, 2005): 643–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2175173.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Nóbrega, Vitor A., and Phoevos Panagiotidis. "Headedness and exocentric compounding." Word Structure 13, no. 2 (July 2020): 211–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/word.2020.0168.

Full text

Abstract:

Semantic headedness typically serves as the primary criterion for compound endocentricity, i.e. whether a compound has a head. The semantic head is often defined as the hyperonym from which the denotation of the compound is derived, with exocentric compounds being those whose denotation is not a subclass of that of their head element. Headedness, so defined, leads us to analyze every non-compositional compound as exocentric. We explore the boundaries between semantic exocentricity and non-compositionality using established diagnostics in order to decide whether a semantic characterization of headedness is valid, and to determine whether exocentricity and non-compositionality coincide. Assuming a syntactic model of morphological combinatorics we show that exocentricity must be defined configurationally, occurring when the structure of a compound modifies an external entity, frequently instantiated by an empty noun. Hence exocentricity is not the absence of a head, but the realization of the compound's head outside its internal structure. Non-compositionality, in turn, derives from how the root of each constituent member of a compound is compositionally or idiosyncratically interpreted. Finally, we put forth a new typological distribution of exocentric compounds, discriminating real exocentric compounds (bahuvrihi and dvandva) from compounds that are commonly, but wrongly, defined as exocentric (e.g. deverbal and de-prepositional compounds).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Corrêa, Rodrigo S., Lucienir P. Duarte, Grácia D. F. Silva, Djalma M. de Oliveira, Javier Ellena, and Antônio C. Doriguetto. "16α-Hydroxyfriedelin and 3-Oxo-16-methylfriedel-16-ene as Building Blocks: Crystal Structure and Hirshfeld Surfaces Decoding Intermolecular Contacts." Journal of Crystallography 2013 (October 24, 2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/539163.

Full text

Abstract:

In this paper the importance of C–H⋯O intermolecular hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces in crystal packing stabilization of 16α-hydroxyfriedelin (1) and 3-oxo-16-methylfriedel-16-ene (2) is described. Compound 1 is a natural product isolated from the hexane extract of Salacia elliptica branches, whereas compound 2 is obtained from compound 1 after dehydration accompanied by methyl migration of C-17 to C-16. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiments for 1 and 2 were carried out at 150 K, and the crystallographic study demonstrated that these compounds crystallize in noncentrosymmetric space groups, with 1 showing an orthorhombic P212121 space group and 2 a monoclinic P21 one. Compounds 1 and 2 are composed of five fused six-membered rings presenting a chair conformation, except for the central ring of 2, which adopts a half-chair conformation. In addition, the intra- and intermolecular parameters were studied using CCDC MOGUL analyses and Hirshfeld surfaces.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Ariefin, Mokhamat, and Vety Sri Harlinda Ayudha. "Synthesis and Characterization of Benzodithiophene (BDT) Quinoid Compounds as a Potential Compound for n-Type Organic Thin-Film Transistors (OTFT)." Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi 23, no. 7 (July 17, 2020): 261–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jksa.23.7.261-266.

Full text

Abstract:

Two potential compounds as an n-Type organic thin-film transistor (OTFT) from benzodithiophene (BDT) derivatives have been synthesized and characterized. BDT was chosen as the core because it has π-conjugated bonds, rigid structures, and planar. Quinoid structure with end-cap (terminal group) in the form of dicyanomethylene is used because it can lower the LUMO value of the compound, and side chains are selected in the form of alkoxy so that two BDT derivatives are obtained namely BDTQ-6 (hexyloxy) and BDTQ-10 (decyloxy). Based on the results of TGA, BDTQ-6 and BDTQ-10 have decomposition points of 183°C and 203°C, which indicate the compound has excellent thermal stability. From the UV-Vis measurement, the λmax value of the two compounds is 599 nm with optical gap energy (Eg°pt) of 1.7 eV. From the DPV measurement, the LUMO value for the two compounds is -4.3 eV, with an energy gap (Eg) of 1.69 eV (BDTQ-6) and 1.70 eV (BDTQ-10). Based on observations of the crystal structure through x-ray diffraction, it was found that the BDTQ-10 crystal has a "brick type" layer arrangement with a distance between layers of 3.55 Å. With excellent thermal stability and suitable LUMO values and energy gaps, it is expected that BDTQ-6 and BDTQ-10 compounds have the potential to be n-Type OTFT materials.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Libben, Gary, Mira Goral, and R. Harald Baayen. "What does constituent priming mean in the investigation of compound processing?" Mental Lexicon 13, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 269–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ml.00001.lib.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Most dictionary definitions for the term compound word characterize it as a word that itself contains two or more words. Thus, a compound word such as goldfish is composed of the constituent words gold and fish. In this report, we present evidence that compound words such as goldfish might not contain the words gold and fish, but rather positionally bound compound constituents (e.g., gold- and -fish) that are distinct and often in competition with their whole word counterparts. This conceptualization has significant methodological consequences: it calls into question the assumption that, in a traditional visual constituent priming paradigm, the participant can be said to be presented with constituents as primes. We claim that they are not presented with constituents. Rather, they are presented with competing free-standing words. We present evidence for the processing of Hebrew compound words that supports this perspective by revealing that, counter-intuitively, prime constituent frequency has an attenuating effect on constituent priming. We relate our findings to previous findings in the study of German compound processing to show that the effect that we report is fundamentally morphological rather than positional or visual in nature. In contrast to German in which compounds are always head-final morphologically, Hebrew compounds are always head initial. In addition, whereas German compounds are written as single words, Hebrew compounds are always written with spaces between constituents. Thus, the commonality of patterning across German and Hebrew is independent of visual form and constituent ordering, revealing, as we claim, core features of the constituent priming paradigm and compound processing.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Tendong, Wilson, Pierre Lebrun, and Bie Verbist. "Controlling the Reproducibility of AC50 Estimation during Compound Profiling through Bayesian β-Expectation Tolerance Intervals." SLAS DISCOVERY: Advancing the Science of Drug Discovery 25, no. 9 (May 29, 2020): 1009–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2472555220918201.

Full text

Abstract:

During drug discovery, compounds/biologics are screened against biological targets of interest to find drug candidates with the most desirable activity profile. The compounds are tested at multiple concentrations to understand the dose-response relationship, often summarized as AC50 values and used directly in ranking compounds. Differences between compound repeats are inevitable because of experimental noise and/or systematic error; however, it is often desired to detect the latter when it occurs. To address this, the β-expectation tolerance interval is proposed in this article. Besides the classical acceptance criteria on assay performance, based on control compounds (e.g., quality control samples), this metric permits us to compare new estimates against historical estimates of the same study compound. It provides a measure that detects whether observed differences are likely due to systematic error. The challenge here is that limited information is available to build such compound-specific acceptance limits. To this end, we propose the use of Bayesian β-expectation tolerance intervals to validate agreement between replicate potency estimates for individual study compounds. This approach allows the variability of the compound-testing process to be estimated from reference compounds within the assay and used as prior knowledge in the computation of compound-specific intervals as from the first repeat of the compound and then continuously updated as more information is acquired with subsequent repeats. A repeat is then flagged when it is not within limits. Unlike a fixed threshold such as 0.5log, which is often used in practice, this approach identifies unexpected deviations on each compound repeat given the observed variability of the assay.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Denkena, Berend, Thilo Grove, and Eike Hasselberg. "Workpiece Shape Deviations in Face Milling of Hybrid Structures." Materials Science Forum 825-826 (July 2015): 336–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.825-826.336.

Full text

Abstract:

A currently common method to design high-performance workpieces is to combine two or more materials to one compound. This way, workpieces can be composed of the most qualified materials according to local loads.When machining high-performance workpiece compounds (e.g. cylinder crankcases), high quality requirements concerning the accuracy of dimension and shape as well as the surface roughness must be fulfilled. However, machining of workpiece compounds leads to unfavorable changes of the workpiece quality in comparison to machining of the single materials. Significant shape deviations occur when different materials are machined alternately in one cutting operation. This is due to unequal material properties, cutting characteristics, chip formation mechanisms as well as characteristic interactions between the single components.The focus of this research is on the process understanding as well as on the identification of measurable shape deviation indicators that describe the surface finish of hybrid structures. Here, the indicators material height deviation, transition deviation at the material joint, surface roughness deviation as well as surface defects (e.g. scratches) on the surface are presented. The overall aim of this research is to predict the surface finish resulting from face milling an aluminum/cast iron compound or a polyurethane/cast iron compound.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Benamara, Nesrine, Zouaoui Setifi, Chen-I. Yang, Sylvain Bernès, David K. Geiger, Güneş Süheyla Kürkçüoğlu, Fatima Setifi, and Jan Reedijk. "Coexistence of Spin Canting and Metamagnetism in a One-Dimensional Mn(II) Compound Bridged by Alternating Double End-to-End and Double End-On Azido Ligands and the Analog Co(II) Compound." Magnetochemistry 7, no. 4 (April 6, 2021): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry7040050.

Full text

Abstract:

Two new compounds of general formula [M(N3)2(dmbpy)] in which dmbpy = 5,5′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine, and M = Mn(II) or Co(II), have been solvothermally synthesized and characterized structurally and magnetically. The structures consist of zig-zag polymeric chains with alternating bis-µ(azide-N1)2M and bis-µ(azide-N1,N3)2M units in which the cis-octahedrally based coordination geometry is completed by the N,N’-chelating ligand dmbpy. The molecular structures are basically the same for each metal. The Mn(II) compound has a slightly different packing mode compared to the Co(II) compound, resulting from their different space groups. Interestingly, relatively weak interchain interactions are present in both compounds and this originates from π–π stacking between the dmbpy rings. The magnetic properties of both compounds have been investigated down to 2 K. The measurements indicate that the manganese compound shows spin-canted antiferromagnetic ordering with a Néel temperature of TN = 3.4 K and further, a field-induced magnetic transition of metamagnetism at temperatures below the TN. This finding affords the first example of an 1D Mn(II) compound with alternating double end-on (EO) and double end-to-end (EE) azido-bridged ligands, showing the coexistence of spin canting and metamagnetism. The cobalt compound shows a weak ferromagnetism resulting from a spin-canted antiferromagnetism and long-range magnetic ordering with a critical temperature, TC = 16.2 K.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Penov Gaši, Katarina M., Srdjan Z. Stojanović, Marija N. Sakač, Evgenija A. Djurendić, János J. Csanádi, Dora Molnar-Gabor, Dušan Lazar, and Radmila M. Kovačević. "Synthesis and Biological Activity of Some 17a-Substituted Homolactones of Androst-5-ene Derivatives." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 70, no. 9 (2005): 1387–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20051387.

Full text

Abstract:

Some new 17a-homolactones were prepared from 3β-hydroxy-16-(hydroxyimino)androst-5-en-17-one (1) as a starting compound, which was transformed first to the corresponding 17α-phenyl and 17α-benzyl derivatives 2 and 3. The structure of compound 3 was confirmed by X-ray structure analysis. Beckmann fragmentation of compounds 2 and 3 yielded 16,17-seco-cyano ketones 4-7, whose reduction with NaBH4 gave 16,17-seco-cyano alcohols 8-11, whereby the structure of compound 7 was established by X-ray structural analysis. Compounds 8-11 served as the starting compounds for obtaining lactones 12 and 13 in a reaction with potassium hydroxide in ethylene glycol. One-pot procedures were also developed for preparing 17a-homolactones 12, 13 and 16 from the hydroxyimino alcohols 2, 3 and 14. Compounds 12 and 13 showed an inhibitory activity against the enzyme aromatase (63 and 59%, respectively).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

CHENG, CHENXI, MIN WANG, and CHARLES A. PERFETTI. "Acquisition of compound words in Chinese–English bilingual children: Decomposition and cross-language activation." Applied Psycholinguistics 32, no. 3 (June 20, 2011): 583–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716411000221.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACTThis study investigated compound processing and cross-language activation in a group of Chinese–English bilingual children, and they were divided into four groups based on the language proficiency levels in their two languages. A lexical decision task was designed using compound words in both languages. The compound words in one language contained two free constituent morphemes that mapped onto the desired translations in the other language, such as tooth(牙) brush(刷).Two types of compound words were included: transparent (e.g., toothbrush) and opaque (e.g., deadline) words. Results showed that children were more accurate in judging semantically transparent compounds in English. The lexicality of translated compounds in Chinese affected lexical judgment accuracy on English compounds, independent of semantic transparency and language proficiency. Implications for compound processing and bilingual lexicon models are discussed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Awantu, Angelbert F., Bruno N. Lenta, Tobias Bogner, Yanick F. Fongang, Silvère Ngouela, Jean D. Wansi, Etienne Tsamo, and Norbert Sewald. "Dialiumoside, an Olean-18-ene Triterpenoid from Dialium excelsum." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 66, no. 6 (June 1, 2011): 624–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2011-0610.

Full text

Abstract:

Phytochemical investigation of the stem bark and fruits of Dialium excelsum led to the isolation of a new triterpenoid, named dialiumoside (1), together with twelve known compounds (2 - 13). The structure of the new compound as well as those of the known compounds were established by means of spectroscopic methods and by comparison with previously reported data. Compounds 1 - 13 were tested for their cytotoxic activity against the human cervix carcinoma KB-3-1 cells and the related multi drug-resistant P-gp-expressing KB-V1 cells. Compounds 1 and 13 showed weak biological activity in cytotoxicity assays while other compounds were inactive.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Droste, Ronald L., Kevin J. Kennedy, Jingua Lu, and Mercedes Lentz. "Removal of chlorinated phenols in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors." Water Science and Technology 38, no. 8-9 (October 1, 1998): 359–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0826.

Full text

Abstract:

The dechlorination of chlorophenol (CP) compounds was investigated using upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors. A total of five trichlorophenols (TCPs) and a single dichlorophenol (DCP) were individually treated: 2,3,4-TCP; 2,3,5-TCP; 2,3,6-TCP; 2,4,5-TCP; 2,4,6-TCP; and 3,5-DCP. Synthetic wastewater composed of sucrose and acetic acid provided an alternate, readily biodegradable carbon source. Each chlorinated compound was concurrently fed to separate reactors. The parameters that were quantified include biogas composition, acetic acid concentration, COD, and VSS. The degree to which CPs were sorbed to the granular biomass in actively dechlorinating UASB reactors was found to be insignificant. CP compounds were able to be metabolized to mineral end products to a large extent at loadings where reactor performance was not impaired. Ortho chlorine atoms were most readily removed from CPs. CPs containing chlorine atoms in the para position were the most toxic agents with 2,4,5-TCP being the most toxic compound. Toxicity was reversible.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Ehlers, Ralf-Udo, and Jens Aumann. "Physico-chemical properties and mode of action of a signal from the symbiotic bacterium Photorhabdus luminescens inducing dauer juvenile recovery in the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora." Nematology 3, no. 8 (2001): 849–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854101753625344.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractRecovery in entomopathogenic nematodes is the exit from the dauer juvenile stage. It is a response to environmental queues signalling the presence of food sources (e.g., insect haemolymph). The bacterium Photorhabdus luminescens excretes a signal which also induces recovery of its symbiotic Heterorhabditis bacteriophora dauer juveniles. This bacterial signal is composed of at least two compounds with different polarity. The symbiotic bacteria also secrete an antagonistic signal which inhibits nematode recovery. The recovery-inducing signal compounds have a molecular mass of less than 20 kDa and are negatively charged. The data indicate that at least one compound is smaller than 5 kDa. The bacterial signal triggers by receptor binding, the first step in a recovery-inducing muscarinic signalling pathway.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Brunner, H., G. Weißhaar, H. Friebolin, W. Baumann, H. Mann, H. G. Sieberth, and H. J. Opferkuch. "Isolation of Unusually Composed Sialyl-Compounds from Hemofiltrate." International Journal of Artificial Organs 12, no. 12 (December 1989): 755–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039139888901201204.

Full text

Abstract:

Sialyl compounds are essential components of various biological fluids but relatively little is known about their occurrence in the extracellular fluid of patients with end-stage renal disease. As we have developed a macropreparative method for concentrating and desalting a wide range of fractions from diluted biological fluids we have been able to isolate and identify 5 sialooligosaccharides, 3 sialosugarphosphates, 2 monosialoglycopeptides and 1 disialoglycopeptide. The structures have been elucidated predominantly by one and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy, enzymatic degradation and FAB mass spectrometry. The accumulation of these compounds in uremic sera may be of particular interest as they may interact in the molecular biology of diseases typically associated with the uremic state, e.g., immune deficiency, neurological disorders, receptor binding abnormalities, complement system disturbances and cell membrane alterations.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Jöhrer, Karin, and Serhat Sezai Ҫiҫek. "Multiple Myeloma Inhibitory Activity of Plant Natural Products." Cancers 13, no. 11 (May 29, 2021): 2678. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13112678.

Full text

Abstract:

A literature search on plant natural products with antimyeloma activity until the end of 2020 resulted in 92 compounds with effects on at least one human myeloma cell line. Compounds were divided in different compound classes and both their structure–activity-relationships as well as eventual correlations with the pathways described for Multiple Myeloma were discussed. Each of the major compound classes in this review (alkaloids, phenolics, terpenes) revealed interesting candidates, such as dioncophyllines, a group of naphtylisoquinoline alkaloids, which showed pronounced and selective induction of apoptosis when substituted in position 7 of the isoquinoline moiety. Interestingly, out of the phenolic compound class, two of the most noteworthy constituents belong to the relatively small subclass of xanthones, rendering this group a good starting point for possible further drug development. The class of terpenoids also provides noteworthy constituents, such as the highly oxygenated diterpenoid oridonin, which exhibited antiproliferative effects equal to those of bortezomib on RPMI8226 cells. Moreover, triterpenoids containing a lactone ring and/or quinone-like substructures, e.g., bruceantin, whitaferin A, withanolide F, celastrol, and pristimerin, displayed remarkable activity, with the latter two compounds acting as inhibitors of both NF-κB and proteasome chymotrypsin-like activity.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Kuzuhara, Shunsuke, and Ayaka Sano. "Bromination of Pd Compounds during Thermal Decomposition of Tetrabromobisphenol A." Engineering 10, no. 04 (2018): 187–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/eng.2018.104013.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

GOTTFRIED, GAIL M. "Comprehending compounds: evidence for metaphoric skill?" Journal of Child Language 24, no. 1 (February 1997): 163–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000996002942.

Full text

Abstract:

Previous studies of children's comprehension of compound nouns show that three-year-olds can identify the appropriate referent for a compound when shown picture arrays that include salient distractors. The four studies presented here investigate comprehension of one kind of compound, metaphoric compounds (i.e. noun–noun compounds in which one noun expresses similarity to another object, as in catfish). Forty-four three-year-olds, 45 five-year-olds and 22 adults were shown a series of picture arrays and were asked to identify referents of various types of metaphoric compounds. The arrays included target pictures that had metaphoric resemblances based on shape (e.g. bug shaped like a stick) or on colour/pattern (e.g. shells with black and white stripes, like a zebra). Results showed that three- and five-year-olds can comprehend shape-based metaphoric compounds such as stick-bug, even when faced with salient distractors (e.g. a stick, a bug next to a stick). The younger children had some difficulty with colour-based compounds, such as zebra-shells. Overall, five-year-olds outperformed three-year-olds but performed significantly less well than adults. However, even at age 3, children did not show a general expectation to interpret the compounds literally.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Kaduk, James A., Amy M. Gindhart, and Thomas N. Blanton. "Powder X-ray diffraction of capecitabine, C15H22FN3O6." Powder Diffraction 34, no. 3 (July 11, 2019): 282–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0885715619000575.

Full text

Abstract:

Capecitabine (Xeloda) is a chemotherapy drug used to treat breast, gastric, and colorectal cancers. Commercial capecitabine crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P212121 (#19) with a = 5.20587(3), b = 9.52324(4), c = 34.79574(21) Å, V = 1725.062(12) Å3, and Z = 4. A reduced cell search in the Cambridge Structural Database (Groom C. R., Bruno, I. J., Lightfoot, M. P., and Ward, S. C. (2016) Crystallogr. Sect. B: Struct. Sci., Cryst. Eng. Mater.72, 171–179) yielded three previous structure determinations (Rohlicek, J., Husak, M., Gavenda, A., Jegorov, A., Kratochvil, B., and Fitch, A. (2016). Acta Cryst. Sect. E: Crystallgr. Commun.72, 879–880, BOVDUM; Malińska, M., Krzeczyński, P., Czerniec-Michalik, E., Trzcińska, K., Cmoch, P., Kutner, A., and Woźniak, K. (2014). J. Pharm. Sci.103, 587–593, BOVDUM01 and BOVDUM02), using synchrotron powder data and later single crystal data at two temperatures. In this work, the sample was ordered from United States Pharmacopeial Convention (lot # G0J205), and analyzed as-received. The room temperature (295 K) crystal structure was refined using synchrotron (λ = 0.413914 Å) powder diffraction data, density functional theory (DFT), and Rietveld refinement techniques. Hydrogen positions were included as part of the structure, and were re-calculated during the refinement. The diffraction data were collected on a beamline 11-BM at the Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory and the powder X-ray diffraction pattern of the compound is provided. The agreement of the Rietveld-refined and DFT-optimized structures is poorest in the pentyl side chain, consistent with the disorder observed previously.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Mrakic-Sposta, Simona, Alessandra Vezzoli, Luca Maderna, Francesca Gregorini, Michela Montorsi, Sarah Moretti, Fulvia Greco, Emanuela Cova, and Maristella Gussoni. "R(+)-Thioctic Acid Effects on Oxidative Stress and Peripheral Neuropathy in Type II Diabetic Patients: Preliminary Results by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance and Electroneurography." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2018 (2018): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1767265.

Full text

Abstract:

Objectives. Diabetic neuropathy is the most common complication of diabetes. The idea of alterations in energy metabolism in diabetes is emerging. The biogenic antioxidant R(+)-thioctic acid has been successfully used in the treatment of diabetic polyneuropathic (DPN) patients. Methods. The effects of R(+)-thioctic acid (1 tablet, 1.6 g) administration were evaluated in 12 DPN patients at baseline and at 15, 30, 60, and 120 administration days throughout the assessment of oxidative stress (OxS); ROS production rate by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) technique; and oxidative damage biomarkers (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and protein carbonyls (PC)), electroneurography (ENG) and visual analogue scale. Results. Supplementation induced significant changes (p<0.05) at 30 and 60 days. ROS production rate up to −16%; TBARS (−31%), PC (−38%), and TAC up to +48%. Motor nerve conduction velocity in SPE and ulnar nerves (+22% and +16%) and sensor conduction velocity in sural and median nerves (+22% and +5%). Patients reported a general wellness sensation improvement (+35%) at 30 days: lower limb pain sensation (−40%) and upper limbs (−23%). Conclusion. The results strongly indicate that an increased antioxidant capacity plays an important role in OxS, nerve conduction velocity, pain, and general wellness improvement. Nevertheless, the effects of the antioxidant compound were found positive up to 60 days. Then, a hormesis effect was observed. Novelty of the research would be a challenge for investigators to carefully address issues, including dose range factors, appropriate administration time, and targeting population to counteract possible “boomerang effects.” The great number of monitored parameters would firmly stress these conclusions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Gerendas, M., and S. Wittig. "Experimental and Numerical Investigation on the Evaporation of Shear-Driven Multicomponent Liquid Wall Films." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 123, no. 3 (January 1, 2001): 580–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1362663.

Full text

Abstract:

The presented work is concerned with two-phase flows similar to those in prefilming airblast atomizers and combustors employing film vaporization. Correlations for the multicomponent mixture properties and models for the calculations of the multicomponent evaporation were implemented in a well tested elliptic finite-volume code GAP-2D (S. Wittig et al., 1992, “Motion and Evaporation of Shear-Driven Liquid Films in Turbulent Gas,” ASME J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power 114, pp. 395–400) utilizing time-averaged quantities, k,ε turbulence model, wall functions, and curve-linear coordinates in the gas phase, adiabatic or diabatic conditions at the film plate, partially turbulent velocity profile, uniform temperature, and a rapid mixing approach in the wavy film. This new code GAP-2K was tested for stability, precision, and grid independence of the results by applying it to a turbulent hot air flow over a two-component liquid film, a mixture of water and ethanol in different concentrations. Both simulations and experiments were carried out over a wide range of inlet conditions, such as inlet pressure (1–2.6 bar), inlet temperature (298–573 K), inlet air velocity (30–120 m/s), initial liquid flow rate (0.3–1.2 cm2/s), and initial ethanol concentration (20–75 percent mass). Profiles of temperature, gas velocity, and concentration of the evaporating component normal to the film, and the development of the film temperature, the static pressure, the liquid flow rate, and the liquid compound along the film plate have been measured and compared with the simulation, showing a good match.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Mattiello, Elisa, and Wolfgang U. Dressler. "The Morphosemantic Transparency/Opacity of Novel English Analogical Compounds and Compound Families." Studia Anglica Posnaniensia 53, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 67–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/stap-2018-0004.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract This study deals with novel English analogical compounds, i.e. compounds obtained via either a unique model (e.g. beefcake after cheesecake) or a schema model: e.g., green-collar based on white-collar, blue-collar, pink-collar, and other X-collar compounds. The study aims, first, to inspect whether novel analogical compounds maintain the same degree of morphosemantic transparency/opacity as their models, and, second, to find out the role played by the compound constituents in the constitution of compound families, such as X-collar and others. To these aims, the study proposes a scale of morphosemantic transparency/opacity for the analysis of compound constituents. In particular, the compound constituents in our database (115 examples) are analysed in connection with: 1) their degree of transparency (vs. opacity, including metaphorical/metonymic meaning), linked to their semantic contribution in the construction of the whole compound’s meaning, and 2) their part-of-speech. Against the common assumption that productive word-formation rules mostly create morphosemantically transparent new words, or that rule productivity is closely connected with transparency, the study of our database demonstrates that novel analogical compounds tend to maintain the same transparency/opacity degree as their models. It also shows that, in nuclear families and subfamilies of compounds, the part-of-speech of the constituents, their degree of transparency/opacity, and their semantic relation are reproduced in all members of the analogical set.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Ryu, Seung Mok, Hyeon-hwa Nam, Joong Sun Kim, Jun-ho Song, Young Hye Seo, Hyo Seon Kim, A. Yeong Lee, et al. "Chemical Constituents of the Egg Cases of Tenodera angustipennis (Mantidis ootheca) with Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging Activity." Biomolecules 11, no. 4 (April 10, 2021): 556. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11040556.

Full text

Abstract:

As a traditional medicine with potential antioxidant effects, Tenodera angustipennis egg cases (Mantidis ootheca) are a potential source of new bioactive substances. Herein, three new N-acetyldopamine derivatives, namely, (+)-tenoderin A (1a), (−)-tenoderin A (1b), and tenoderin B (2), along with thirteen known compounds (3–15), were isolated from a 70% EtOH extract of T. angustipennis egg cases. Compound 1 was isolated as a racemic mixture, and two enantiomers (1a and 1b) were successfully separated by chiral-phase preparative HPLC. The chemical structures of the new compounds were established by NMR spectroscopy and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and the absolute configurations of enantiomers 1a and 1b were determined by electronic circular dichroism spectroscopy. All the new compounds exhibited antioxidant activities with IC50 values of 19.45–81.98 μM, as evaluated using free-radical scavenging assays, with the highest activity observed for compound 2. In addition, compounds 1a, 1b, and 2 exhibited inhibitory activities on intracellular reactive oxygen species generation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Juhasz, Barbara J., Alexander Pollatsek, Jukka Hyönä, Denis Drieghe, and Keith Rayner. "Parafoveal processing within and between words." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 62, no. 7 (July 2009): 1356–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470210802400010.

Full text

Abstract:

Parafoveal preview was examined within and between words in two eye movement experiments. In Experiment 1, unspaced and spaced English compound words were used (e.g., basketball, tennis ball). Prior to fixating the second lexeme, either a correct or a partial parafoveal preview (e.g., ball or badk) was provided using the boundary paradigm (Rayner, 1975). There was a larger effect of parafoveal preview on unspaced compound words than on spaced compound words. However, the parafoveal preview effect on spaced compound words was larger than would be predicted on the basis of prior research. Experiment 2 examined whether this large effect was due to spaced compounds forming a larger linguistic unit by pairing spaced compounds with nonlexicalized adjective–noun pairs. There were no significant interactions between item type and parafoveal preview, suggesting that it is the syntactic predictability of the noun that is driving the large preview effect.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Bayram, Mustafa, Semra Topuz, Cemal Kaya, and Rahmi Ertan Anlı. "Effect of Oak Chips Application on Phenolic Compounds of Wine Vinegars at Different Maturation Times." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 9, no. 6 (July 2, 2021): 1053–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v9i6.1053-1061.4192.

Full text

Abstract:

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of oak chips-supplementations on phenolic compound profiles of grape vinegar samples. Total acidity, volatile acids, non-volatile acids, pH, dry extract, ash, color, alcohol, total phenolic compound, individual phenolic compounds and aroma compounds of un supplemented control (UC) samples and oak chips-supplemented (OCS) samples were analyzed at the 0th, 1st and 3rd months of ageing. Total phenolic compound of UC vinegar samples was measured as 1256.50 mg GAE/L at the end of the 3rd month. Total phenolic compound of OCS vinegar samples was measured as 1521.03 mg GAE/L at the end of the 1st month and as 1470.67 mg GAE/L at the end of the 3rd month. Gallic acid, catechin and vanillic acid contents of UC vinegar samples were respectively measured as 8.43 mg/L, 22.26 mg/L and 1.78 mg/L at the end of the 3rd month. Gallic acid, catechin and vanillic acid contents of OCS vinegar samples were respectively measured as 19.12 mg/L, 17.98 mg/L and 2.58 mg/L at the end of the 3rd month. The 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid methyl ester and 9-octadecanoic acid methyl ester quantities increased at the end of the 3rd month with oak chips-supplementation to ageing process. It was observed that oak chips-supplementation increased total phenolic compound and some individual phenolics of grape vinegar samples.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Karatzas, Evangelos, Juan Eiros Zamora, Emmanouil Athanasiadis, Dimitris Dellis, Zoe Cournia, and George M. Spyrou. "ChemBioServer 2.0: an advanced web server for filtering, clustering and networking of chemical compounds facilitating both drug discovery and repurposing." Bioinformatics 36, no. 8 (January 8, 2020): 2602–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btz976.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Summary ChemBioServer 2.0 is the advanced sequel of a web server for filtering, clustering and networking of chemical compound libraries facilitating both drug discovery and repurposing. It provides researchers the ability to (i) browse and visualize compounds along with their physicochemical and toxicity properties, (ii) perform property-based filtering of compounds, (iii) explore compound libraries for lead optimization based on perfect match substructure search, (iv) re-rank virtual screening results to achieve selectivity for a protein of interest against different protein members of the same family, selecting only those compounds that score high for the protein of interest, (v) perform clustering among the compounds based on their physicochemical properties providing representative compounds for each cluster, (vi) construct and visualize a structural similarity network of compounds providing a set of network analysis metrics, (vii) combine a given set of compounds with a reference set of compounds into a single structural similarity network providing the opportunity to infer drug repurposing due to transitivity, (viii) remove compounds from a network based on their similarity with unwanted substances (e.g. failed drugs) and (ix) build custom compound mining pipelines. Availability and implementation http://chembioserver.vi-seem.eu.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Müller, Werner G., and Milan Stehlík. "Compound optimal spatial designs." Environmetrics 21, no. 3-4 (July 3, 2009): 354–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/env.1009.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Zitha-Bovens, Emrin, Peter Maas, Dick Wife, Johan Tijhuis, Qian-Nan Hu, Thomas Kleinöder, and Johann Gasteiger. "COMDECOM: Predicting the Lifetime of Screening Compounds in DMSO Solution." Journal of Biomolecular Screening 14, no. 5 (May 29, 2009): 557–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087057109336953.

Full text

Abstract:

The technological evolution of the 1990s in both combinatorial chemistry and high-throughput screening created the demand for rapid access to the compound deck to support the screening process. The common strategy within the pharmaceutical industry is to store the screening library in DMSO solution. Several studies have shown that a percentage of these compounds decompose in solution, varying from a few percent of the total to a substantial part of the library. In the COMDECOM (COMpound DECOMposition) project, the compound stability of screening compounds in DMSO solution is monitored in an accelerated thermal, hydrolytic, and oxidative decomposition program. A large database with stability data is collected, and from this database, a predictive model is being developed. The aim of this program is to build an algorithm that can flag compounds that are likely to decompose—information that is considered to be of utmost importance (e.g., in the compound acquisition process and when evaluation screening results of library compounds, as well as in the determination of optimal storage conditions).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Dolgikh, O. V., D. G. Dianova, and O. A. Kazakova. "Vanadium in the environment as a risk factor causing negative modification of cell death (scientific review)." Health Risk Analysis, no. 4 (December 2020): 156–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2020.4.18.eng.

Full text

Abstract:

The review dwells on results obtained via examinations that focused on effects produced by vanadium and its compounds contaminating the environment on health disorders related to cell death deregulation. Research works that have been performed over the last decades and focused on revealing the essence of apoptosis mechanism under exposure to technogenic chemicals are truly vital due to this phenomenon having great biological significance within a system of a body trying to adapt to influences exerted by environmental factors. The present work focuses on apoptosis peculiarities under exposure to excess technogenic concentrations of vanadium compounds. Published research works have been analyzed, analysis results are outlined, and a scientific hypothesis has been formulated within the subject matter. We have described an immune-modulating effect produced by vanadium compounds that is able to modify apoptosis events due to changes in cell death modes (apoptosis activation/inhibition) and it provides body adaptation to changing environmental conditions. A range in vanadium concentrations between essential and toxic ones predetermines multi-directional changes in apoptosis induction and completion. Thus, induced apoptosis activation makes for development of autoimmune and immune-proliferative processes; at the same time, cell death inhibition can result in immune deficiency, inflammatory reactions, and neurodegenerative diseases. It was shown that vanadium compounds produced modifying effects on mitochondrial functions regulation, changes in phosphorilation/dephosphorilation ratio in protein products, and imbalance in free radical processes; all this ultimately disrupts a balance between pro- and anti-apoptotic signals in a cell. Monitoring over apoptosis parameters that characterize cell death under exposure to vanadium and its compounds will allow timely detecting risks of pre-nosology state occurrence and prevent damage to health

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Dolgikh, O. V., D. G. Dianova, and O. A. Kazakova. "Vanadium in the environment as a risk factor causing negative modification of cell death (scientific review)." Health Risk Analysis, no. 4 (December 2020): 156–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2020.4.18.eng.

Full text

Abstract:

The review dwells on results obtained via examinations that focused on effects produced by vanadium and its compounds contaminating the environment on health disorders related to cell death deregulation. Research works that have been performed over the last decades and focused on revealing the essence of apoptosis mechanism under exposure to technogenic chemicals are truly vital due to this phenomenon having great biological significance within a system of a body trying to adapt to influences exerted by environmental factors. The present work focuses on apoptosis peculiarities under exposure to excess technogenic concentrations of vanadium compounds. Published research works have been analyzed, analysis results are outlined, and a scientific hypothesis has been formulated within the subject matter. We have described an immune-modulating effect produced by vanadium compounds that is able to modify apoptosis events due to changes in cell death modes (apoptosis activation/inhibition) and it provides body adaptation to changing environmental conditions. A range in vanadium concentrations between essential and toxic ones predetermines multi-directional changes in apoptosis induction and completion. Thus, induced apoptosis activation makes for development of autoimmune and immune-proliferative processes; at the same time, cell death inhibition can result in immune deficiency, inflammatory reactions, and neurodegenerative diseases. It was shown that vanadium compounds produced modifying effects on mitochondrial functions regulation, changes in phosphorilation/dephosphorilation ratio in protein products, and imbalance in free radical processes; all this ultimately disrupts a balance between pro- and anti-apoptotic signals in a cell. Monitoring over apoptosis parameters that characterize cell death under exposure to vanadium and its compounds will allow timely detecting risks of pre-nosology state occurrence and prevent damage to health

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Ntumba, Joséphine, Christian Tshiongo, Michel Mifundu, Raphäel Robiette, and Kalulu Taba. "Effective Antimalarial Activities of α-Hydroxy Diynes Isolated from Ongokea gore." Planta Medica 84, no. 11 (January 4, 2018): 806–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-124974.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThree diynes, octadec-17-ene-9,11-diynoate ethyl (1), 8-hydroxy-octadeca-13,17-diene-9,11-diynoate ethyl (2), and 8-hydroxy-octadec-13-ene-9,11-diynoate ethyl (3), were isolated from Ongokea gore seed oil. The structure assignment of these three compounds was based according to chemical and spectroscopic data. They were screened against Plasmodium falciparum, the parasite that causes malaria. In vitro micro-test (Mark III, supported by the World Health Organization) was developed to assess the response of P. falciparum to the isolated three compounds, and statistical analysis were performed for determination of the concentration that inhibits 50% of the parasite maturation (IC50). Two of the three diynes (2 and 3) showed a very effective in vitro antimalarial activity with an IC50 of 4.5 and 1.7 µM, respectively. Compound 3 exhibited better activity than quinine (IC50 1.9 µM), the drug reference, while compound 1 had no antimalarial activity (IC50 > 125 µM). In the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) cytotoxicity screening, all compounds showed no toxicity (mean IC50 of 90 µM for each compound).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Rini, Elizabeth Ika Hesti Aprilia Nindia. "Perbandingan Verba Kompon -Kiru Dan -Nuku Sebagai Penanda Aspek Perfektif Dalam Bahasa Jepang." KIRYOKU 3, no. 1 (June 21, 2019): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/kiryoku.v3i1.28-36.

Full text

Abstract:

(Title: Comparison of Compounds Verbs -Kiru and -Nuku as Perfective Aspects Markers in Japanese) Compound verbs -kiru and -nuku are known as markers of perfective aspects that express the meaning of completion. This study aims to describe the similarities and differences in the meanings of compounds verbs -kiru and -nuku as markers of perfective aspects. The method used in this research is descriptive method. As a result of the study it was found that even though they stated the meaning of completion, the compound verb -kiru had a focus on the end point when the main part separated, while compound verb -nuku had a focus on the process. Besides adverb which follows the compound verb -kiru and -nuku is not the same. Compound verb -kiru followed by adverb saigo made and subete, whereas compound verb -nuku is followed by adverb akumade, tetteiteki, ikkan shite, hitosuji ni, tokoton, and dokomademo.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Abdullah, Asadatun, N. Nurjanah, and Muhammad Reyhan. "Identification and Profiling of Active Compounds from Golden Apple Snail’s Egg Pigments." Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia 20, no. 2 (August 15, 2017): 286. http://dx.doi.org/10.17844/jphpi.v20i2.17909.

Full text

Abstract:

Golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata) has been known as rice corps pest due to high adaptability and reproductive power. Utilization of Pomacea canaliculata’s eggs as raw materials in the food and health industry is one of the efforts to eradicate the pest snail. This study was aimed to identify the active compounds contained in the extract pigments of Pomacea canaliculata’s eggs. The methods of this study were extraction of pigments using acetone and methanol, analyzing the active compound (secondary metabolite) qualitatively, TLC to determine pigment components and LC-MS/MS to identify active compounds semi quantitatively. The results showed that active compounds in the methanol extract contain 11 carotenoid pigments of xanthophyl group, two carotenoid pigments of carotene group, and 2 active compounds in nonpigmented form, whereas the acetone extract contain 11 pigment carotenoids of xanthophyl group and 2 compounds active in non-pigment form.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Pracht, Lara E., Malak M. Tfaily, Robert J. Ardissono, and Rebecca B. Neumann. "Molecular characterization of organic matter mobilized from Bangladeshi aquifer sediment: tracking carbon compositional change during microbial utilization." Biogeosciences 15, no. 6 (March 26, 2018): 1733–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1733-2018.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. Bioavailable organic carbon in aquifer recharge waters and sediments can fuel microbial reactions with implications for groundwater quality. A previous incubation experiment showed that sedimentary organic carbon (SOC) mobilized off sandy sediment collected from an arsenic-contaminated and methanogenic aquifer in Bangladesh was bioavailable; it was transformed into methane. We used high-resolution mass spectrometry to molecularly characterize this mobilized SOC, reference its composition against dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in surface recharge water, track compositional changes during incubation, and advance understanding of microbial processing of organic carbon in anaerobic environments. Organic carbon mobilized off aquifer sediment was more diverse, proportionately larger, more aromatic, and more oxidized than DOC in surface recharge. Mobilized SOC was predominately composed of terrestrially derived organic matter and had characteristics signifying that it evaded microbial processing within the aquifer. Approximately 50 % of identified compounds in mobilized SOC and in DOC from surface recharge water contained sulfur. During incubation, after mobilized SOC was converted into methane, new organosulfur compounds with high S-to-C ratios and a high nominal oxidation state of carbon (NOSC) were detected. We reason that these detected compounds formed abiotically following microbial reduction of sulfate to sulfide, which could have occurred during incubation but was not directly measured or that they were microbially synthesized. Most notably, microbes transformed all carbon types during incubation, including those currently considered thermodynamically unviable for microbes to degrade in anaerobic conditions (i.e., those with a low NOSC). In anaerobic environments, energy yields from redox reactions are small and the amount of energy required to remove electrons from highly reduced carbon substrates during oxidation decreases the thermodynamic favorability of degrading compounds with a low NOSC. While all compound types were eventually degraded during incubation, NOSC and compound size controlled the rates of carbon transformation. Large, more thermodynamically favorable compounds (e.g., aromatics with a high NOSC) were targeted first, while small, less thermodynamically favorable compounds (e.g., alkanes and olefinics with a low NOSC) were used last. These results indicate that in anaerobic conditions, microbial communities are capable of degrading and mineralizing all forms of organic matter, converting larger energy-rich compounds into smaller energy-poor compounds. However, in an open system, where fresh carbon is continually supplied, the slower degradation rate of reduced carbon compounds would enable this portion of the organic carbon pool to build up, explaining the apparent persistence of compounds with a low NOSC in anaerobic environments.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

GOTTFRIED, GAIL M. "Using metaphors as modifiers: children's production of metaphoric compounds." Journal of Child Language 24, no. 3 (October 1997): 567–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000997003176.

Full text

Abstract:

Although much research has investigated children's use of metaphoric language, methodological concerns raise questions about the conclusions, and it remains unclear whether preschoolers can produce metaphors. These studies employed a new methodology to test children's ability to produce metaphors incorporated into metaphoric compounds. In two studies, 59 children aged 2;8–4;3, 63 children aged 4;4–6;1, and 34 adults participated in elicited production tasks. In Study 1, subjects in the COMPOUND condition corrected a puppet's incorrect compound labels for pictures that had metaphoric resemblances to other objects (e.g. ‘leaf-bug’ for a bug shaped like a stick). Subjects in the NON-METAPHORIC condition heard incorrect compounds describing pictures without obvious metaphoric resemblance (e.g. ‘leaf-bug’ for a round black beetle). Children in the REVERSAL condition heard compounds with nouns reversed (e.g. ‘bug-leaf’ for the stick-bug) to discover whether children distinguished between the literal and metaphoric labels. Study 2 provided an additional test of children's metaphoric–literal distinction. Results showed that children as young as 3;0 produced intentional, appropriate metaphors incorporated into compound nouns when the stimuli and puppet's labels primed recognition of metaphoric similarity and compound production. Moreover, children showed evidence of a distinction between literal and metaphoric labels. The data show that preschool children have an early ability to use metaphoric language but that significant developmental change occurs between the ages of 3;0 and 5;0 as well as beyond 5;0. Additionally, metaphoric language in preschoolers is not limited to single-word renamings.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Compound. eng'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles