Relevant bibliographies by topics / Compound microscopes

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  1. Journal articles

Academic literature on the topic 'Compound microscopes'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 2 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Compound microscopes"

1

Uluç, Kutluay, Gregory C. Kujoth, and Mustafa K. Başkaya. "Operating microscopes: past, present, and future." Neurosurgical Focus 27, no. 3 (2009): E4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2009.6.focus09120.

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The operating microscope is a fixture of modern surgical facilities, and it is a critically important factor in the success of many of the most complex and difficult surgical interventions used in medicine today. The rise of this key surgical tool reflects advances in understanding the principles of optics and vision that have occurred over centuries. The development of reading spectacles in the late 13th century led to the construction of early compound microscopes in the 16th and 17th centuries by Lippershey, Janssen, Galileo, Hooke, and others. Perhaps surprisingly, Leeuwenhoek's simple microscopes of this era offered improved performance over his contemporaries' designs. The intervening years saw improvements that reduced the spherical and chromatic aberrations present in compound microscopes. By the late 19th century, Carl Zeiss and Ernst Abbe ushered the compound microscope into the beginnings of the modern era of commercial design and production. The introduction of the microscope into the operating room by Nylén in 1921 initiated a revolution in surgical practice that gained momentum throughout the 1950s with multiple refinements, the introduction of the Zeiss OPMI series, and Kurze's application of the microscope to neurosurgery in 1957. Many of the refinements of the last 50 years have greatly improved the handling and practical operation of the surgical microscope, considerations which are equally important to its optical performance. Today's sophisticated operating microscopes allow for advanced real-time angiographic and tumor imaging. In this paper the authors discuss what might be found in the operating rooms of tomorrow.
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Jones, D., and J. Reid. "A Comparison of Photomicrographs Imaged Through a Late 18th C. Thomas Ribright, Cuff-Type, Brass Microscope and a Modern Olympus Optical Microscope." Microscopy Today 14, no. 2 (2006): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500055358.

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In 1967, Bradbury published a detailed study of the optical properties of early, compound microscopes using modern photo micrographic techniques. This was followed by Bracegirdle's studies on the performance of 17th and 18th C. microscopes and later by Jones's comparative study of a Victorian microscope with an 18th C. Cuff-type microscope, signed ‘ Dollond ’. On the suggestion of the late Dr. S. Bradbury (personal communication), the present study on the assessment of a Ribright microscope includes photomicrographs of specimens in slides similar to the ones he used, i.e. a blow-fly proboscis and diatoms.
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ENGELHARDT, Eliasz. "Marcello Malpighi: the nervous system under a microscope." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 79, no. 4 (2021): 346–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0004-282x-anp-2020-0309.

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ABSTRACT The longstanding study of gross anatomy experienced a considerable improvement with the advent of the microscope in the early 17th century. The representative personality of this new era certainly was Marcello Malpighi, seen as “founder of microscopic anatomy”. He studied, with a rudimentary compound microscope, numerous tissues and organs of several classes of animals, as well as plants. He described, for the first time, the microscopic structure of the nervous system, identifying in the gray matter of its various levels minute elements he took as “glands”. It should be reminded that the concept of “cell” (and “nerve cell”) was unknown at his time. Many researchers followed, performing microscopic studies, but without better results, and Malpighi’s view was maintained until the beginning of the 19th century, when new histological processing and staining techniques appeared, as well as improved microscopes.
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Flores, Daniela P., and Timothy C. Marzullo. "The construction of high-magnification homemade lenses for a simple microscope: an easy “DIY” tool for biological and interdisciplinary education." Advances in Physiology Education 45, no. 1 (2021): 134–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/advan.00127.2020.

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The rise of microscopy in the seventeenth century allowed scientists to discover a new world of microorganisms and achieve great physiological advances. One of the first microscopes of the epoch was Antonie van Leeuwenhoek’s microscope, a deceptively simple device that contains a single ball lens housed in a metal plate allowing the observation of samples at up to ×250 magnification. Such magnification was much greater than that achieved by rudimentary compound microscopes of the era, allowing for the discovery of microscopic, single-celled life, an achievement that marked the study of biology up to the nineteenth century. Since Leeuwenhoek’s design uses a single ball lens, it is possible to fabricate variations for educational activities in physics and biology university and high school classrooms. A fundamental problem, however, with home-built microscopes is that it is difficult to work with glass. We developed a simple protocol to make ball lenses of glass and gelatin with high magnification that can be done in a university/high school classroom, and we designed an optimized support for focusing and taking photographs with a smartphone. The protocol details a simple, easily accessible, low-cost, and effective tool for the observation of microscopic samples, possible to perform anywhere without the need for a laboratory or complex tools. Our protocol has been implemented in classrooms in Chile to a favorable reception.
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Hinsch, Jan. "Mating Cameras To Microscopes." Microscopy Today 7, no. 4 (1999): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500064245.

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The compound microscope forms images in two stages. The objective (first stage) projects a real image of the specimen into the intermediate image plane (IIP) of the microscope at a ratio of magnification (M). The resolution in the IIP is typically between 40 and 100 line pairs permillimeter (Ip/mm). Since the resolution of the human eye is of the order of 5 Ip/mm, additional virtual magnification (V) by the eyepiece (second stage) is necessary to match the resolution of the eye to that of the microscope. The total microscope magnification (VTOTAL) is the product of W x V. The designation VTOTAL is used because the eye views a virtual image in the microscope.
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6

Simons, Hugh, Sonja Rosenlund Ahl, Henning Friis Poulsen, and Carsten Detlefs. "Simulating and optimizing compound refractive lens-based X-ray microscopes." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 24, no. 2 (2017): 392–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s160057751602049x.

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A comprehensive optical description of compound refractive lenses (CRLs) in condensing and full-field X-ray microscopy applications is presented. The formalism extends ray-transfer matrix analysis by accounting for X-ray attenuation by the lens material. Closed analytical expressions for critical imaging parameters such as numerical aperture, spatial acceptance (vignetting), chromatic aberration and focal length are provided for both thin- and thick-lens imaging geometries. These expressions show that the numerical aperture will be maximized and chromatic aberration will be minimized at the thick-lens limit. This limit may be satisfied by a range of CRL geometries, suggesting alternative approaches to improving the resolution and efficiency of CRLs and X-ray microscopes.
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Revel, Jean-Paul. "Evolution and Revolution in Microscopy - I." Microscopy Today 00, no. 9 (1992): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500070899.

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Disney, Hill and Baker in their 1928 booh on the Origin and Development of the Microscope, quote the 1829 article on Optics of the London Encyclopedia as saying; “Microscopes, though but toys compared with telescopes, nevertheless deserve to be rendered as perfect as possible; for they yield not to them in the quantity and variety of rational amusement which they are capable of introducing to us (though not of the sublime description of the wonders of the heavens). Compound microscopes, though not so much to be depended upon for the purposes of discovery and philosophical investigation as single lenses, are still the best adapted for recreation”. It is hard to imagine that this was written at about the time when Robert Brown of motion fame, was discovering the celt nucleus (1831), the repository of the genetic code and thus arguably laying the foundations for all of modern biology. The sentence quoted might be taken to suggest that there was no evolutionary connection between hand lenses and compound microscopes, since as late as the 1830s the two still competed.In trying to follow the evolution of microscopes it is trite to state that lenses had to come first. It was known for a long time that objects seen through a glass bulb full of water appeared enlarged, but the water was thought the important factor and it was not until the time of Alhazen (962-1038) that the action of a lens was understood. Roger Bacon (1242-1292) wrote “if one looks at letters and other minute things though the medium of a crystal or glass or other lens put over the letters... he will see the letters much better and they will appear much larger to him... and therefore this instrument is useful to old men and to those having feeble sight” Spectacles seem to have been invented by Salvano d'Aramento degli Arrtati of Florence who died in 1317, the secret process of how to make them being revealed by a contemporary, Alessandro della Spina of Pisa. The use of lenses in visualizing small objects made slow progress at first but eventually led to “macroscopy”, in the form of spectacles and then to microscopy.
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8

Andrade, D. S., F. D. R. Sousa, and R. Mugnai. "Compound slides: a new technique for examining branchiopod head pores in optical microscopes." Crustaceana 93, no. 8 (2020): 881–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685403-bja10061.

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Abstract A new technique for the optimization of the taxonomic study of cephalic openings in Branchiopoda is proposed here. The study of the cephalic openings in the various taxa that constitute this clade is of great importance. This is true not only for taxonomic studies, being fundamental for species identification in the Chydoridae, but also for phylogenetic and physiological investigations. For this, currently available protocols include the use of electron microscopic analysis, using the whole specimen, or the use of optical microscopy, by removing the cephalic shield from the specimen and mounting it on slides. This work presents a simple technique for the study of cephalic openings in Branchiopoda, facilitating their study, particularly for those associated with the Chydoridae.
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9

Yasuda, Hidehiro, Tomohiro Nishitani, Shuhei Ichikawa, Shuhei Hatanaka, Yoshio Honda, and Hiroshi Amano. "Development of Pulsed TEM Equipped with Nitride Semiconductor Photocathode for High-Speed Observation and Material Nanofabrication." Quantum Beam Science 5, no. 1 (2021): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/qubs5010005.

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The development of pulsed electron sources is applied to electron microscopes or electron beam lithography and is effective in expanding the functions of such devices. The laser photocathode can generate short pulsed electrons with high emittance, and the emittance can be increased by changing the cathode substrate from a metal to compound semiconductor. Among the substrates, nitride-based semiconductors with a negative electron affinity (NEA) have good advantages in terms of vacuum environment and cathode lifetime. In the present study, we report the development of a photocathode electron gun that utilizes photoelectron emission from a NEA-InGaN substrate by pulsed laser excitation, and the purpose is to apply it to material nanofabrication and high-speed observation using a pulsed transmission electron microscope (TEM) equipped with it.
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10

Lu, Xue, Chen Duan, Yuan Ning, Xiao Hong Jiang, and Xiao Hui Hou. "Morphology of the immature stages of Dasyhelea silvatica Wang, Zhang & Yu with redescriptions of adults (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae)." ZooKeys 961 (August 19, 2020): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.961.53882.

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The immatures of the biting midge Dasyhelea silvatica are described and illustrated for the first time and a complete description of the adult male and female are provided using scanning electron and compound microscopes. The specimens were collected from flooded soil near a pond in Guizhou Province, China, and reared in the laboratory.
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