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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Compound Motor Action Potential

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Academic literature on the topic 'Compound Motor Action Potential'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 12 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Compound Motor Action Potential"

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Molin, Carl Johan, and Anna R. Punga. "Compound Motor Action Potential." Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology 33, no. 4 (2016): 340–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/wnp.0000000000000252.

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Malessy, Martijn J. A., Willem Pondaag, and J. Gert van Dijk. "ELECTROMYOGRAPHY, NERVE ACTION POTENTIAL, AND COMPOUND MOTOR ACTION POTENTIALS IN OBSTETRIC BRACHIAL PLEXUS LESIONS." Neurosurgery 65, suppl_4 (2009): A153—A159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000338429.66249.7d.

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Abstract OBJECTIVE Obstetric brachial plexus lesions (OBPLs) are caused by traction to the brachial plexus during labor. Typically, in these lesions, the nerves are usually not completely ruptured but form a “neuroma-in-continuity.” Even in the most severe OBPL lesions, at least some axons will pass through this neuroma-in-continuity and reach the tubes distal to the lesion site. These axons may be particularly prone to abnormal branching and misrouting, which may explain the typical feature of co-contraction. An additional factor that may reduce functional regeneration is that improper central motor programming may occur. Surgery should be restricted to severe cases in which spontaneous restoration of function will not occur, i.e., in neurotmesis or root avulsions. A major problem is how to predict whether function will be best after spontaneous nerve outgrowth or after nerve reconstructive surgery. When a decision has been made to perform an early surgical exploration, what to do with the neuroma-in-continuity can be a problem. The intraoperative appraisal is difficult and depends on experience, but even in experienced hands, misjudgment can be made. METHODS We performed an observational study to assess whether early electromyography (at the age of 1 month) is able to predict severe lesions. Additionally, the value of intraoperative nerve action potential and compound motor action potentials was investigated. RESULTS Severe cases of OBPL can be identified at 1 month of age on the basis of clinical findings and needle electromyography of the biceps. This outcome needs independent validation, which is currently in progress. Nerve action potential and compound motor action potential recordings show statistically significant differences on the group level between avulsion, neurotmesis, axonotmesis, and normal. For the individual patient, a clinically useful cutoff point could not be found. Intraoperative nerve action potential and compound motor action potential recordings do not add to the decision making during surgery. CONCLUSION The absence of a “gold standard” for the assessment of the severity of the OBPL lesion makes prognostic studies of OBPL complex. The currently available assessment strategies used to obtain the best possible solutions are discussed.

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Stecker, Mark, Kelly Baylor, Jacob Wolfe, and Matthew Stevenson. "Acute nerve stretch and the compound motor action potential." Journal of Brachial Plexus and Peripheral Nerve Injury 06, no. 01 (2014): e11-e22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1749-7221-6-4.

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Bhatt, Neel K., Wee Tin K. Kao, and Randal C. Paniello. "Compound Motor Action Potential Measures Acute Changes in Laryngeal Innervation." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 127, no. 10 (2018): 661–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003489418784973.

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Objective: Vocal fold paralysis is caused by injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN). Current clinical measures of laryngeal innervation are often nonquantitative. Compound motor action potentials (CMAP) measure motor innervation. The goal of this study was to determine whether CMAP can quantify laryngeal innervation following acute nerve injury. Study Design: Animal study. Methods: Twelve canine hemilaryngeal preparations were used. The RLN was serially stimulated with increasing intensities until the nerve was maximally stimulated. The CMAP amplitude was measured for each intensity stimulation and correlated. Next, the RLN was incompletely transected, and the reduction in CMAP amplitude was correlated to the percentage of transected axons. The percentage of transected axons was determined using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) staining. Results: Combining all hemilaryngeal preparations, the submaximal stimulation of the RLN linearly correlated with the resultant CMAP amplitude (r = 0.83; 95% CI, 0.76-0.88). Following partial RLN transection, the percentage of remaining axons linearly correlated with the CMAP amplitude (r = 0.87; 95% CI, 0.34-0.98). Conclusions: CMAP amplitude is a quantitative measure that may correlate with the degree of vocal fold innervation in canines. Following RLN injury, CMAP may help clinicians quantify the number of intact axons, assess the likelihood of recovery, and counsel patients on their prognosis.

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Bostock, H., A. B. Jacobsen, and H. Tankisi. "Motor unit number index and compound muscle action potential amplitude." Clinical Neurophysiology 130, no. 9 (2019): 1734–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2019.05.031.

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Swenson, M. R., J. Stigler, and D. R. Villasana. "Contour mapping of compound motor action potentials." Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 75 (January 1990): S147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0013-4694(90)92253-s.

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Bostock, H., A. B. Jacobsen, and H. Tankisi. "Reply to “Motor Unit Number Index (MUNIX) and Compound Muscle Action Potential”." Clinical Neurophysiology 130, no. 10 (2019): 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2019.07.022.

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Pondaag, Willem, Lieven P. A. J. van der Veken, Paul J. van Someren, J. Gert van Dijk, and Martijn J. A. Malessy. "Intraoperative nerve action and compound motor action potential recordings in patients with obstetric brachial plexus lesions." Journal of Neurosurgery 109, no. 5 (2008): 946–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns/2008/109/11/0946.

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Object A typical finding in supraclavicular exploration of infants with severe obstetric brachial plexus lesions (OBPLs) is a neuroma-in-continuity with the superior trunk and/or a root avulsion at C-5, C-6, or C-7. The operative strategy in these cases is determined by the intraoperative assessment of the severity of the lesion. Intraoperative nerve action potential (NAP) and evoked compound motor action potential (CMAP) recordings have been shown to be helpful diagnostic tools in adults, whereas their value in the intraoperative assessment of infants with OBPLs remains to be determined. Methods Intraoperative NAPs and CMAPs were systematically recorded from damaged and normal nerves of the upper brachial plexus in a consecutive series of 95 infants (mean age 175 days) with OBPLs. A total of 599 intraoperative NAP and 836 CMAP recordings were analyzed. The severity of the nerve lesions was graded as normal, axonotmesis, neurotmesis, or root avulsion, based on surgical, clinical, histological, and radiographic criteria. Results The correlation of NAP and CMAP recordings with the severity of the lesion was assessed. The specificity of an absent NAP or CMAP to predict a severe lesion (neurotmesis or avulsion) was > 0.9. However, the sensitivity of an absent NAP or CMAP for predicting a severe lesion was low (typically < 0.3). The severity of the nerve lesion was related to CMAP and NAP amplitudes. Cutoff points useful for intraoperative decision making could not be found to differentiate between lesion types in individual patients. Conclusions Intraoperative NAP and CMAP recordings do not assist in decision making in the surgical treatment of infants with OBPLs. The authors' findings in infants cannot be generalized to adults.

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Bhatt, Neel K., Andrea M. Park, Muhammad Al-Lozi, and Randal C. Paniello. "Compound Motor Action Potential Quantifies Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Innervation in a Canine Model." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 125, no. 7 (2016): 584–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003489416637386.

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Axelson, Hans W. "Compound Motor Action Potential Interexaminer Variability in Photoguided Placement of the Recording Electrodes." Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology 29, no. 3 (2012): 256–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/wnp.0b013e3182570f6e.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Compound Motor Action Potential"

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Iyer, Chitra C. "The Role of Muscle and Nerve in Spinal Muscular Atrophy." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1451568269.

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Murnane, Owen D., Beth A. Prieve, and Evan M. Relkin. "Recovery of the Human Compound Action Potential Following Prior Stimulation." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1998. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1793.

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The recovery from prior stimulation of the compound action potential (CAP) was measured using a forward masking stimulus paradigm in four normal-hearing, human subjects. The CAP was recorded using a wick electrode placed on the tympanic membrane. The effects of a 4000-Hz, 97-dB SPL conditioning stimulus on CAP amplitude in response to a 4000-Hz probe were measured as a function of conditioner–probe interval for three probe levels. The normalized probe response amplitude was completely recovered to the control values at an average conditioner–probe interval of 1359 ms, similar to that observed in chinchilla (Relkin, E.M., Doucet, J.R., Sterns, A., 1995. Recovery of the compound action potential following prior stimulation: evidence for a slow component that reflects recovery of low spontaneous-rate auditory neurons, Hear. Res. 83, 183–189). The present results are interpreted as a consequence of the slow recovery of low spontaneous-rate (SR), high threshold neurons from prior stimulation (Relkin, E.M., Doucet, J.R., 1991. Recovery from prior stimulation. I: Relationship to spontaneous firing rates of primary auditory neurons. Hear. Res. 55, 215–222) and may provide indirect physiological evidence for the existence of a class of low-SR auditory neurons in humans.

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Jiang, Dan. "Cochlear compound action potential and pathology following kanamycin ototoxity in the guinea pig." Thesis, Keele University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359039.

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Schweinzger, Ivy A. "Examining the Physiologic Phenotype of Cochlear Synaptopathy Using Narrowband Chirp-Evoked Compound Action Potentials." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1573811742950316.

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Novak, Kevin Richard. "EFFECTS OF SEPSIS ON NERVE EVOKED RESPONSES." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1216123137.

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Linke, Theresa [Verfasser], Uwe [Gutachter] Baumann, and Andreas [Gutachter] Bahmer. "On the relation of electrophysiological compound action potential (ECAP) measurements and perceptive skills in cochlear implant (CI) listeners / Theresa Linke ; Gutachter: Uwe Baumann, Andreas Bahmer." Frankfurt am Main : Universitätsbibliothek Johann Christian Senckenberg, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1139358650/34.

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Delgado, Aros Sílvia. "Effects of Glucagon-like Peptide-1-(7-36)amide (GLP-1) on Gastric Motor Function in Health and Diabetes: Potential Mechanism of Action." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/4416.

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El Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), un pèptid derivat del processament del proglucagó en les cè_lules L del jejúnum i del colon, inhibeix la secreció àcida gàstrica i el buidament gàstric, a més de reduir la capacitat d'ingesta. Els mecanismes d'acció del GLP-1 no estan clars. Hi ha dades que suggereixen que la inhibició de les funcions gàstriques per part del GLP-1 estan mitjançades pel nervi vagus.<br/>L'acomodació o relaxació gàstrica en resposta a la ingesta és un reflex mitjançat pel vagus que dóna lloc a un increment del volum o capacitat gàstrica que impedeix l'increment de la pressió intragàstrica quan mengem, evitant així l'aparició de símptomes. La primera hipòtesi que vàrem plantejar va ser que el GLP-1 inhibeix el reflex d'acomodació gàstrica i que això explicaria en part la reducció de la capacitat d'ingesta que s'observa en administrar el GLP-1. Per provar aquesta hipòtesi vàrem comparar els efectes d'una infusió endovenosa de GLP-1 i placebo, en voluntaris sans, sobre l'acomodació gàstrica postprandial (mesurada amb la tècnica SPECT), l'increment postprandial del polipèptid pancreàtic (marcador de funció vagal abdominal) i el volum d'un nutrient líquid (Ensure®) ingerit fins atansar la sacietat màxima. Els resultats del primer estudi van demostrar que el GLP-1 no inhibeix l'acomodació gàstrica postprandial; al contrari, va augmentar el volum gàstric en dejú i després del menjar. Això es va acompanyar per una marcada inhibició de la secreció de polipèptid pancreàtic, la qual està sota control vagal colinèrgic. Degut a que el to gàstric està mantingut per influència colinèrgica vagal, els resultats obtinguts són compatibles amb la hipòtesi de que el GLP-1 indueix relaxació gàstrica (augment de volum gàstric) per inhibició de les vies colinèrgiques vagals. Si aquesta hipòtesi fos certa, en cas de disfunció vagal o vagotomia, el GLP-1 no produiria relaxació gàstrica (augment de volum gàstric). <br/>Per provar aquesta segona hipòtesi, vàrem estudiar l'efecte de la mateixa infusió endovenosa de GLP-1, comparada amb placebo, en els volums gàstrics de subjectes amb neuropatia vagal diabètica. Vàrem comparar també els volums gàstrics dels malalts diabètics que rebien placebo amb els dels subjectes sans estudiats en el primer estudi presentat en aquesta tesi. Al contrari del que vàrem observar en subjectes sans, el GLP-1 no va augmentar el volum gàstric en malalts diabètics amb neuropatia vagal. Això suggereix que l'efecte del GLP-1 sobre el volum gàstric està mitjançat pel nervi vagus.<br/>Els malalts diabètics avaluats presentaven volums gàstrics, tan en dejú com després del menjar, similars als dels subjectes sans. El nervi vagus participa en el control del to o volum gàstric, però hi ha altres mecanismes que també hi participen. Es més, hi ha evidència de que el to gàstric pot ser controlat adequadament en absència de innervació vagal extrínseca. De manera que la troballa de la existència de volums gàstrics normals en malalts amb neuropatia vagal s'afegeix a la evidència de que, en cas d'alteració del reflex principal vago-vagal, es produeix un mecanisme adaptatiu per preservar la resposta de relaxació gàstrica postprandial.<br>Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), a peptide derived from the processing of the proglucagon molecule in L cells of the jejunum and colon, inhibits gastric acid secretion and gastric emptying rate and it also decreases food consumption. It is still not clear how these effects of GLP-1 are mediated. There are data that suggest that GLP-1 inhibition of upper gastrointestinal functions is mediated through the vagus nerve.<br/>The accommodation or relaxation of the stomach in response to meal ingestion is a vagally-mediated reflex that increases gastric volume. This prevents the increase in intragastric pressure when food and fluid enter in the stomach, avoiding the development of symptoms. <br/>We hypothesized that GLP-1 inhibits the gastric accommodation reflex and that this effect could partly explain the reduced food consumption with GLP-1. To test this hypothesis, we compared, in healthy volunteers, the effects of intravenous infusion of GLP-1 and placebo, on postprandial gastric accommodation (as measured by the SPECT technique), postprandial response of plasma human pancreatic polypeptide (a surrogate marker of vagal abdominal function) and the volume of a nutrient liquid meal (Ensure_) ingested at maximum satiation. The results of the first study showed that GLP-1 does not inhibit postprandial gastric accommodation; on the contrary, it increased fasting and postprandial gastric volumes. This was accompanied by a marked inhibition of the pancreatic polypeptide release, which is under vagal cholinergic control. Since gastric tone is maintained by vagal cholinergic input, the results observed in our first study suggested that GLP-1 could induce gastric relaxation (increase gastric volume) by inhibition of vagal cholinergic pathways. If this hypothesis were true, one would predict that in the presence of vagal dysfunction or vagotomy, GLP-1 would not induce gastric relaxation (increase gastric volume). <br/>To test this second hypothesis we studied the effect of the same intravenous infusion of GLP-1, compared to placebo, on gastric volumes in a sample of subjects with diabetes affected with vagal neuropathy. We also compared gastric volumes in diabetic patients on placebo to those in the healthy subjects who participated in the first study presented in this thesis. In contrast to effects in health, GLP-1 did not increase gastric volume in diabetics with vagal neuropathy. This suggests that the effect of GLP-1 on gastric volume is dependent on vagal function. <br/>The diabetic patients evaluated had gastric volumes similar to those of healthy controls. The vagus nerve participates in the control of gastric volume or tone; however, there are other mechanisms involved. Furthermore, there is increasing evidence that gastric tone may be adequately controlled in the absence of extrinsic vagal innervation. Thus, we believe that the normal gastric volume response to a meal observed in the presence of vagal neuropathy adds to the growing evidence of the existence of an adaptive response preserving postprandial gastric relaxation when the main vago-vagal reflex is impaired.

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Chiou, Li-Kuei. "The effect that design of the Nucleus Intracochlear Electrode Array and age of onset of hearing loss have on electrically evoked compound action potential growth and spread of excitation functions." Diss., University of Iowa, 2016. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/3060.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate how design changes in Cochlear Nucleus cochlear implants (CIs) (CI24M, CI24R, CI24RE and CI422) affected electrode impedance and ECAP measures, and to determine if these design changes affected post-lingually deafened adults and children with congenital hearing loss in a similar way. Results of this study showed that electrode impedance was inversely related to the area of the electrode contacts in the array: lowest for the full-banded CI24M CI and highest for adults who used the CI422 device which has the smallest electrode contacts of all four devices. The noise floor of the NRT system likely plays a significant role in the finding that CI users with older devices (the CI24M, and CI24R CIs) had higher ECAP thresholds than individuals with the CI24RE electrode array. The position of the electrode array in the cochlea was also found to have a significant effect on ECAP measures. CI users with modiolar hugging (the CI24R and CI24RE CIs) electrode arrays were found to have lower ECAP thresholds than CI users whose electrode arrays were seated more laterally in the cochlear duct (e.g. the CI24M and CI422 implants). The position of the electrode contacts relative to the modiolus of the cochlea was found to be related to slope of the ECAP growth functions. The lowest slopes were found in CI24RE users. It also had a significant impact on the width of the channel interaction function. Electrode arrays seated further from the modiolus have significantly more channel interaction than electrode arrays that hug the modiolus of the cochlea. Differences between results recorded from post-lingually deafened adults and children with congenital hearing loss were minimal. The difference only reflected on the ECAP slopes. Slopes in children with congenital hearing loss were significantly steeper than those recorded from adults. This may indicate that children with congenital hearing loss may have better neural survival than adults with acquired hearing loss. In conclusion, the results of the current study show evidence of the effects of variations in design and function of the implanted components of the Nucleus CI. Perhaps the most significant finding from the current data set is that electrode arrays located closer to the modiolus of the cochlea have lower thresholds and exhibit less channel interaction than electrode arrays that are positioned more laterally. An argument could be made that lower stimulation levels and less channel interaction may result in better outcomes and/or longer battery life. For CI candidates who do not have significant residual acoustic hearing, the CI24RE implant might be a better choice than the more recently introduced CI422 electrode array.

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Scheperle, Rachel Anna. "Relationships among peripheral and central electrophysiological measures of spatial / spectral resolution and speech perception in cochlear implant users." Diss., University of Iowa, 2013. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5055.

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The ability to perceive speech is related to the listener's ability to differentiate among frequencies (i.e. spectral resolution). Cochlear implant users exhibit variable speech perception and spectral resolution abilities, which can be attributed at least in part to electrode interactions at the periphery (i.e. spatial resolution). However, electrophysiological measures of peripheral spatial resolution have not been found to correlate with speech perception. The purpose of this study was to systematically evaluate auditory processing from the periphery to the cortex using both simple and spectrally complex stimuli in order to better understanding the underlying processes affecting spatial and spectral resolution and speech perception. Eleven adult cochlear implant users participated in this study. Peripheral spatial resolution was assessed using the electrically evoked compound action potential (ECAP) to measure channel interaction functions for thirteen probe electrodes. We evaluated central processing using the auditory change complex (ACC), a cortical response, elicited with both spatial (electrode pairs) and spectral (rippled noise) stimulus changes. Speech perception included a vowel-discrimination task and the BKB-SIN test of keyword recognition in noise. We varied the likelihood of electrode interactions within each participant by creating three experimental programs, or MAPs, using a subset of seven electrodes and varying the spacing between activated electrodes. Linear mixed model analysis was used to account for repeated measures within an individual, allowing for a within-subject interpretation. We also performed regression analysis to evaluate the relationships across participants. Both peripheral and central processing abilities contributed to the variability in performance observed across CI users. The spectral ACC was the strongest predictor of speech perception abilities across participants. When spatial resolution was varied within a person, all electrophysiological measures were significantly correlated with each other and with speech perception. However, the ECAP measures were the best single predictor of speech perception for the within-subject analysis, followed by the spectral ACC. Our results indicate that electrophysiological measures of spatial and spectral resolution can provide valuable information about perception. All three of the electrophysiological measures used in this study, including the ECAP channel interaction functions, demonstrated potential for clinical utility.

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Brown, Daniel. "Origins and use of the stochastic and sound-evoked extracellular activity of the auditory nerve." University of Western Australia. Dept. of Physiology, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0082.

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[Truncated abstract] The present study investigated whether any of the characteristics of the compound action potential (CAP) waveform or the spectrum of the neural noise (SNN) recorded from the cochlea, could be used to examine abnormal spike generation in the type I primary afferent neurones, possibly due to pathologies leading to abnormal hearing such as tinnitus or tone decay. It was initially hypothesised that the CAP waveform and SNN contained components produced by the local action currents generated at the peripheral ends of the type I primary afferent neurones, and that changes in these local action currents occurred due to changes in the membrane potential of these neurones. It was further hypothesised that the lateral olivo-cochlear system (LOCS) efferent neurones regulate the membrane potential of the primary afferent dendrites to maintain normal action potential generation, where instability in the membrane potential might lead to abnormal primary afferent firing, and possibly one form of tinnitus. We had hoped that the activity of the LOCS efferent neurones could be observed through secondary changes in the CAP waveform and SNN, resulting from changes in the membrane potential of the primary afferent neurones. The origins of the neural activity generating the CAP waveform and SNN peaks, and the effects of the LOCS on the CAP and SNN were experimentally investigated in guinea pigs using lesions in the auditory system, transient ischemia and asphyxia, focal and systemic temperature changes, and pharmacological manipulations of different regions along the auditory pathway. ... Therefore, the CAP and SNN are altered by changes in the propagation of the action potential along the primary afferent neurones, by changes in the morphology of the tissues surrounding the cochlear nerve, and by changes in the time course of the action currents. If the CAP waveform is not altered, the amplitude of the 1kHz speak in the spontaneous SNN can be used as an objective measure of the spontaneous firing rate of the cochlear neurones. However, because the SNN contains a complex mixture of neural activity from all cochlear neurones, and the amplitude of the spontaneous SNN is variable, it would be difficult to use the spontaneous SNN alone as a differential diagnostic test of cochlear nerve pathologies. To record extratympanic electrocochleography (ET ECochG) from humans, a custom-designed, inexpensive, low-noise, optically isolated biological amplifier was built. Furthermore, a custom-designed extratympanic active electrode and ear canal indifferent electrode were designed, which increased the signal-to-noise ratio of the ECochG recording by a factor of 2, decreasing the overall recording time by 75%. The human and guinea pig CAP waveforms recorded in the present study appeared similar, suggesting that the origins of the human and guinea pig CAP waveforms were the same, and that experimental manipulations of the guinea pig CAP waveform can be used to diagnose the cause of abnormal human ECochG waveforms in cases of cochlear nerve pathologies.

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Books on the topic "Compound Motor Action Potential"

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Stanton, Susan Gay. Cochlear nerve compound action potential changes during surgery. National Library of Canada, 1990.

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Redford, Allan Gordon. The response of the averaged compound auditory action potential to high frequency sound in Locusta migratoria. National Library of Canada, 1990.

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Pitt, Matthew. Nerve physiology. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198754596.003.0003.

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The chapter begins with a description of the normal findings in healthy sensory and motor nerves. The distribution of nerve fibres by diameter in the sensory nerve and its effect on the recorded action potential is outlined. The method by which velocity and compound muscle action potential are derived from motor stimulation follows. H-reflex studies and F-wave identification are described. A section on the strategies used for nerve conduction study in children and the nerves chosen for examination leads on to a description of the difficulties of deriving normative data in children. Next follows a detailed description of the findings in both sensory and motor nerves in demyelination where a distinction between patchy and homogenous demyelination is possible. An analysis of the nerve findings in axonal degeneration is then presented. The chapter finishes with a discussion of the variability in nerve testing.

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Kennett, Robin P., and Sidra Aurangzeb. Primary muscle diseases. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199688395.003.0024.

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This chapter on primary muscle diseases explains how analysis of compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude, abnormal spontaneous activity on needle electromyography (EMG), and motor unit action potentials (MUAP) characteristics may be used to give an indication of pathophysiological processes, and goes on to describe the combination and distribution of abnormalities that may be expected in the more commonly encountered myopathies. The conditions considered in detail are inflammatory myopathy (including myositis), critical illness myopathy, disorders with myotonia, inherited myopathy (including muscular dystrophy), and endocrine, metabolic and toxic disorders. Each of these has a characteristic combination of CMAP, spontaneous EMG, and MUAP findings, but the systematic approach to clinical neurophysiology as a way of understanding muscle pathophysiology can be used to investigate the myriad of rare myopathies that may be encountered in clinical practice.

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Pitt, Matthew. Needle EMG findings in different pathologies. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198754596.003.0007.

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In this chapter, the inability of electromyography (EMG) to be able to further progress the diagnosis of myopathy on its own—requiring muscle biopsy and other modalities such as genetics to complete this process—is emphasized. The role of EMG particularly in the era of genetics is discussed. Findings in neurogenic abnormality are next described and the important hereditary conditions such as spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), distal SMA, Brown–Vialetto–Van Laere syndrome, segmental anterior horn cell disease, conditions with progressive bulbar palsy, SMARD1, and pontocerebellar hypoplasia with spinal muscle are discussed in detail. The differential diagnosis of 5q SMA type 1 is specifically outlined. Acquired forms of anterior horn disease, including Hirayama disease, poliomyelitis and enteropathic motor neuropathy, Hopkins syndrome, tumours, and vascular lesions are covered. There is discussion of the use of physiological tests to monitor progress in SMA, with tests including compound muscle action potential amplitude and motor unit number estimation. Finally, the important correlation between muscle biopsy and EMG is highlighted.

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Burke, David, and James Howells. The motor unit. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199688395.003.0002.

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The motor unit represent the final output of the motor system. Each consists of a motoneuron, its axon, neuromuscular junctions, and muscle fibres innervated by that axon. The discharge of a motor unit can be followed by recording its electromyographic signature, the motor unit action potential. Motoneurons are not passive responders to the excitatory and inhibitory influences on them from descending and segmental sources. Their properties can change, e.g. due to descending monoaminergic pathways, which can alter their responses to other inputs (changing ‘reflex gain’). Contraction strength depends on the number of active motor units, their discharge rate, and whether the innervated muscle fibres are slow-twitch producing low force, but resistant to fatigue, fast-twitch producing more force, but susceptible to fatigue, or intermediate fast-twitch fatigue-resistant. These properties are imposed by the parent motoneurons, and the innervated muscle fibres have different histochemical profiles (oxidative, glycolytic, or oxidative-glycolytic, respectively).

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Montgomery, Erwin B. DBS Effects on Motor Control. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190259600.003.0007.

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Use of DBS extends beyond what are typically referred to as “movement disorders,” for which issues of motor control are paramount; currently approved for treatment of refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) disorder, DBS is expected to gain approval as a treatment for epilepsy as well. Indeed, no neurological or psychiatric disorder ought to be excluded a priori from consideration as a potential indication for DBS. Post-operative management of DBS for these other disorders will benefit from a better understanding of the mechanisms of action. An understanding of the ways in which the brain responds to DBS (see Chapter 6—Nervous System Responses to DBS) related to motor control may therefore serve as an important metaphor for understanding the use of DBS for other conditions.

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Patisaul, Heather B., and Scott M. Belcher. Landmark Endocrine-Disrupting Compounds of the Past and Present. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199935734.003.0003.

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This chapter focuses on four of the best known and most well characterized EDCs: the polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), diethylstilbestrol (DES), and bisphenol A (BPA) as prototypical EDCs. For each compound, historical information regarding use, sources of contamination, descriptions of toxic effects, nature of endocrine disruptive mechanisms, and detailed summaries of critical research findings are highlighted. Each of these chemicals are seminal illustrative examples of EDCs that came to be recognized, defined, and considered seriously by the general public and the regulatory community. Continuing work with these well-studied chemicals continues to reveal new mechanisms of EDC action and identifying new potential health outcomes and effects, and have become important “positive control chemicals” for toxicity and chemical testing strategies and identification of emerging EDCs.

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Katirji, Bashar. Case 18. Edited by Bashar Katirji. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190603434.003.0022.

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Immune-mediated polyneuropathies are important to recognize since the majority of them are treatable. Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is the prototype of the acquired chronic demyelinating polyneuropathies. It should be distinguished from other acquired demyelinating polyneuropathy such as those associated with monoclonal gammopathy, myeloproliferative disorder, and myelin-associated glycoprotein. This case presents a patient with a chronic demyelinating polyneuropathy associated with monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance. The discussion includes the clinical and electrodiagnostic criteria for CIDP and distinguishing features from axonal polyneuropathies, other acquired demyelinating polyneuropathies, and inherited demyelinating polyneuropathies such as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type I. The case also highlights the diagnostic criteria for conduction block and temporal dispersion based on analysis of compound muscle action potential amplitude, area, and duration.

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Pitt, Matthew. Pathophysiological associations in paediatric neuromuscular junction disorders. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198754596.003.0010.

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Myasthenia can be caused by acquired or autoimmune conditions and other conditions resulting from genetic abnormalities of the proteins in the neuromuscular junction. The clinical clues to diagnosis in the paediatric population are highlighted in this chapter. Among these are sudden death, episodic apnoea, stridor, association with myopathy, and limb-girdle weakness presentation. Acquired disorders of the neuromuscular junction occur, such as infantile botulism, tick paralysis, and persistence of neuromuscular blocking agents. Some patterns of abnormality are seen in the neurophysiological findings, the most notable of which is a repetitive compound muscle action potential at low rates of stimulation. Decrement only seen after long-duration, high-frequency repetitive nerve stimulation is described in choline acetyltransferase (CHAT) abnormalities. DOK7 myasthenia may demonstrate patchy abnormalities of jitter and this is described along with the profound increment of the high-frequency repetitive nerve stimulation in Lambert–Eaton syndrome.

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Book chapters on the topic "Compound Motor Action Potential"

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Ngo, Shyuan T., and Mark C. Bellingham. "Neurophysiological Recording of the Compound Muscle Action Potential for Motor Unit Number Estimation in Mice." In Stimulation and Inhibition of Neurons. Humana Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-233-9_13.

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Holobar, Aleš. "Decomposition of Compound Muscle Action Potentials by Convolution Kernel Compensation Method: Improved Segmentation of Motor Unit Firings." In 8th European Medical and Biological Engineering Conference. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64610-3_38.

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Toda, Y., T. Tamaki, B. Taylor, and R. Ogawa. "The effect of anaesthetic agents on descending spinal cord evoked potential and the compound muscle action potentials elicited by stimulation at the motor cortex and the spinal cord." In Handbook of Spinal Cord Monitoring. Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1416-5_62.

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Ahmadian, Amir, Angela E. Downes, and A. Samy Youssef. "Compound Muscle Action Potential (CMAP)." In Encyclopedia of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23499-6_200117.

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Pham, Thuy T. "Spike Sorting: Application to Motor Unit Action Potential Discrimination." In Applying Machine Learning for Automated Classification of Biomedical Data in Subject-Independent Settings. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98675-3_6.

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Shimahara, T., G. Czternasty, J. Stinnakre, and J. Bruner. "Calcium Action Potential Induction in a “Nonexcitable” Motor Neuron Cell Body." In Neural Mechanisms of Conditioning. Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2115-6_18.

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Glaser, Vojko, and Aleš Holobar. "A Novel Measure of Motor Unit Action Potential Variability in Nonstationary Surface Electromyograms." In Converging Clinical and Engineering Research on Neurorehabilitation II. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46669-9_23.

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Doguet, Pascal, Thomas Costecalde, Hervé Méve, Jorge Marin Millan, and Jean Delbeke. "Integration of Recording channel for the Evoked Compound Action Potential in an Implantable Neurostimulator." In IFMBE Proceedings. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89208-3_580.

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Kramberger, Matej, and Aleš Holobar. "Multi-run Differential Evolution Improves the Decomposition of Compound Muscle Action Potential in High-Density Surface Electromyograms." In 8th European Medical and Biological Engineering Conference. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64610-3_95.

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Leondes, Cornelius T. "The Compound Action Potential of the Stronger Myelinated Fibers in Peripheral Nerve Trunks and its Diagnostic Interpretation." In Computational Methods in Biophysics, Biomaterials, Biotechnology and Medical Systems. Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-48329-7_31.

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Conference papers on the topic "Compound Motor Action Potential"

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Winkel and Jennum. "Compound Motor Action Potentials Generated By Repetitive Magnetic Stimulation." In Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.1992.589480.

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Winkel, Henrik, and Poul Jennum. "Compound motor action potentials generated by repetitive magnetic stimulation." In 1992 14th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.1992.5761859.

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Siam, Zakaria Shams, Rubyat Tasnuva Hasan, Mohammad Abu Sayem Karal, M. A. Masud, and Zaid Bin Mahbub. "Analysis of Continuous Motor Nerve Conduction Velocity Distribution from Compound Muscle Action Potential." In 2020 11th International Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (ICECE). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icece51571.2020.9393039.

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Holobar, A., and A. Francic. "Motor unit filter prelearning strategies for decomposition of compound muscle action potentials in high-density surface electromyograms*." In 2020 42nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) in conjunction with the 43rd Annual Conference of the Canadian Medical and Biological Engineering Society. IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc44109.2020.9175479.

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Martinez, Doncarli, and Guiheneuc. "Compound Nerve Action Potential Modelization And Synthesis." In Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.1992.589504.

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Martinez, Claude, Christian Doncarli, and Pierre Guiheneuc. "Compound Nerve Action Potential modelization and synthesis." In 1992 14th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.1992.5761873.

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Troiani, Francesca, Konstantin Nikolic, and Timothy G. Constandinou. "Optical coherence tomography for compound action potential detection: a computational study." In Optical Coherence Imaging Techniques and Imaging in Scattering Media II, edited by Stephen A. Boppart, Maciej Wojtkowski, and Wang-Yuhl Oh. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2284697.

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McGill, K. C., and A. Huynh. "A model of the surface-recorded motor-unit action potential." In Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.1988.94923.

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Lee, Chungkeun, Yongho Kim, Hangsik Shin, Yongjun Kim, and Myoungho Lee. "The Measurement of Compound Neural Action Potential in Sciatic nerve Using Microelectrode Array." In Conference Proceedings. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2006.260636.

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Lee, Chungkeun, Yongho Kim, Hangsik Shin, Yongjun Kim, and v. Lee. "The measurement of compound neural action potential in sciatic nerve using microelectrode array." In Conference Proceedings. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2006.260936.

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