Journal articles: 'Compound Motor Action Potential'

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Molin, Carl Johan, and Anna R. Punga. "Compound Motor Action Potential." Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology 33, no. 4 (2016): 340–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/wnp.0000000000000252.

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Malessy, Martijn J. A., Willem Pondaag, and J. Gert van Dijk. "ELECTROMYOGRAPHY, NERVE ACTION POTENTIAL, AND COMPOUND MOTOR ACTION POTENTIALS IN OBSTETRIC BRACHIAL PLEXUS LESIONS." Neurosurgery 65, suppl_4 (2009): A153—A159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000338429.66249.7d.

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Abstract OBJECTIVE Obstetric brachial plexus lesions (OBPLs) are caused by traction to the brachial plexus during labor. Typically, in these lesions, the nerves are usually not completely ruptured but form a “neuroma-in-continuity.” Even in the most severe OBPL lesions, at least some axons will pass through this neuroma-in-continuity and reach the tubes distal to the lesion site. These axons may be particularly prone to abnormal branching and misrouting, which may explain the typical feature of co-contraction. An additional factor that may reduce functional regeneration is that improper central motor programming may occur. Surgery should be restricted to severe cases in which spontaneous restoration of function will not occur, i.e., in neurotmesis or root avulsions. A major problem is how to predict whether function will be best after spontaneous nerve outgrowth or after nerve reconstructive surgery. When a decision has been made to perform an early surgical exploration, what to do with the neuroma-in-continuity can be a problem. The intraoperative appraisal is difficult and depends on experience, but even in experienced hands, misjudgment can be made. METHODS We performed an observational study to assess whether early electromyography (at the age of 1 month) is able to predict severe lesions. Additionally, the value of intraoperative nerve action potential and compound motor action potentials was investigated. RESULTS Severe cases of OBPL can be identified at 1 month of age on the basis of clinical findings and needle electromyography of the biceps. This outcome needs independent validation, which is currently in progress. Nerve action potential and compound motor action potential recordings show statistically significant differences on the group level between avulsion, neurotmesis, axonotmesis, and normal. For the individual patient, a clinically useful cutoff point could not be found. Intraoperative nerve action potential and compound motor action potential recordings do not add to the decision making during surgery. CONCLUSION The absence of a “gold standard” for the assessment of the severity of the OBPL lesion makes prognostic studies of OBPL complex. The currently available assessment strategies used to obtain the best possible solutions are discussed.

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Stecker, Mark, Kelly Baylor, Jacob Wolfe, and Matthew Stevenson. "Acute nerve stretch and the compound motor action potential." Journal of Brachial Plexus and Peripheral Nerve Injury 06, no. 01 (2014): e11-e22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1749-7221-6-4.

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Bhatt, Neel K., Wee Tin K. Kao, and Randal C. Paniello. "Compound Motor Action Potential Measures Acute Changes in Laryngeal Innervation." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 127, no. 10 (2018): 661–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003489418784973.

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Objective: Vocal fold paralysis is caused by injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN). Current clinical measures of laryngeal innervation are often nonquantitative. Compound motor action potentials (CMAP) measure motor innervation. The goal of this study was to determine whether CMAP can quantify laryngeal innervation following acute nerve injury. Study Design: Animal study. Methods: Twelve canine hemilaryngeal preparations were used. The RLN was serially stimulated with increasing intensities until the nerve was maximally stimulated. The CMAP amplitude was measured for each intensity stimulation and correlated. Next, the RLN was incompletely transected, and the reduction in CMAP amplitude was correlated to the percentage of transected axons. The percentage of transected axons was determined using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) staining. Results: Combining all hemilaryngeal preparations, the submaximal stimulation of the RLN linearly correlated with the resultant CMAP amplitude (r = 0.83; 95% CI, 0.76-0.88). Following partial RLN transection, the percentage of remaining axons linearly correlated with the CMAP amplitude (r = 0.87; 95% CI, 0.34-0.98). Conclusions: CMAP amplitude is a quantitative measure that may correlate with the degree of vocal fold innervation in canines. Following RLN injury, CMAP may help clinicians quantify the number of intact axons, assess the likelihood of recovery, and counsel patients on their prognosis.

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Bostock, H., A. B. Jacobsen, and H. Tankisi. "Motor unit number index and compound muscle action potential amplitude." Clinical Neurophysiology 130, no. 9 (2019): 1734–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2019.05.031.

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Swenson, M. R., J. Stigler, and D. R. Villasana. "Contour mapping of compound motor action potentials." Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 75 (January 1990): S147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0013-4694(90)92253-s.

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Bostock, H., A. B. Jacobsen, and H. Tankisi. "Reply to “Motor Unit Number Index (MUNIX) and Compound Muscle Action Potential”." Clinical Neurophysiology 130, no. 10 (2019): 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2019.07.022.

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Pondaag, Willem, Lieven P. A. J. van der Veken, Paul J. van Someren, J. Gert van Dijk, and Martijn J. A. Malessy. "Intraoperative nerve action and compound motor action potential recordings in patients with obstetric brachial plexus lesions." Journal of Neurosurgery 109, no. 5 (2008): 946–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns/2008/109/11/0946.

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Object A typical finding in supraclavicular exploration of infants with severe obstetric brachial plexus lesions (OBPLs) is a neuroma-in-continuity with the superior trunk and/or a root avulsion at C-5, C-6, or C-7. The operative strategy in these cases is determined by the intraoperative assessment of the severity of the lesion. Intraoperative nerve action potential (NAP) and evoked compound motor action potential (CMAP) recordings have been shown to be helpful diagnostic tools in adults, whereas their value in the intraoperative assessment of infants with OBPLs remains to be determined. Methods Intraoperative NAPs and CMAPs were systematically recorded from damaged and normal nerves of the upper brachial plexus in a consecutive series of 95 infants (mean age 175 days) with OBPLs. A total of 599 intraoperative NAP and 836 CMAP recordings were analyzed. The severity of the nerve lesions was graded as normal, axonotmesis, neurotmesis, or root avulsion, based on surgical, clinical, histological, and radiographic criteria. Results The correlation of NAP and CMAP recordings with the severity of the lesion was assessed. The specificity of an absent NAP or CMAP to predict a severe lesion (neurotmesis or avulsion) was > 0.9. However, the sensitivity of an absent NAP or CMAP for predicting a severe lesion was low (typically < 0.3). The severity of the nerve lesion was related to CMAP and NAP amplitudes. Cutoff points useful for intraoperative decision making could not be found to differentiate between lesion types in individual patients. Conclusions Intraoperative NAP and CMAP recordings do not assist in decision making in the surgical treatment of infants with OBPLs. The authors' findings in infants cannot be generalized to adults.

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Bhatt, Neel K., Andrea M. Park, Muhammad Al-Lozi, and Randal C. Paniello. "Compound Motor Action Potential Quantifies Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Innervation in a Canine Model." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 125, no. 7 (2016): 584–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003489416637386.

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Axelson, Hans W. "Compound Motor Action Potential Interexaminer Variability in Photoguided Placement of the Recording Electrodes." Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology 29, no. 3 (2012): 256–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/wnp.0b013e3182570f6e.

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Lewelt, Aga, Kristin J. Krosschell, Charles Scott, et al. "Compound muscle action potential and motor function in children with spinal muscular atrophy." Muscle & Nerve 42, no. 5 (2010): 703–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mus.21838.

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Kiers, L., P. Clouston, K. H. Chiappa, and D. Cros. "Assessment of cortical motor output: compound muscle action potential versus twitch force recording." Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology/Electromyography and Motor Control 97, no. 2 (1995): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0924-980x(94)00325-2.

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Nandedkar, Sanjeev D., Paul E. Barkhaus, and Erik V. Stålberg. "Motor unit number index (MUNIX) and compound muscle action potential amplitude: A reappraisal." Clinical Neurophysiology 130, no. 10 (2019): 2010–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2019.07.021.

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Ito, Zenya, Shiro Imagama, Yoshihito Sakai, et al. "A new criterion for the alarm point for compound muscle action potentials." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 17, no. 4 (2012): 348–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2012.6.spine11867.

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Object The purpose of this study was to review the present criteria for the compound muscle action potential (CMAP) alert and for safe spinal surgery. Methods The authors conducted a retrospective study of 295 patients in whom spinal cord monitoring had been performed during spinal surgery. The waveforms observed during spinal surgery were divided into the following 4 grades: Grade 0, normal; Grade 1, amplitude decrease of 50% or more and latency delay of 10% or more; Grade 2, multiphase pattern; and Grade 3, loss of amplitude. Waveform grading, its relationship with postoperative motor deficit, and CMAP sensitivity and specificity were analyzed. Whenever any wave abnormality occurred, the surgeon was notified and the surgical procedures were temporarily suspended. If no improvements were seen, the surgery was terminated. Results Compound muscle action potential wave changes occurred in 38.6% of cases. With Grade 1 or 2 changes, no paresis was detected. Postoperative motor deficits were seen in 8 patients, all with Grade 3 waveform changes. Among the 287 patients without postoperative motor deficits, CMAP changes were not seen in 181, with a specificity of 63%. The false-positive rate was 37% (106 of 287). However, when a Grade 2 change was set as the alarm point, sensitivity was 100% and specificity was 79.4%. The false-positive rate was 20% (59 of 295). Conclusions Neither the Grade 1 nor the Grade 2 groups included patients who demonstrated a motor deficit. All pareses occurred in cases showing a Grade 3 change. Therefore, the authors propose a Grade 2 change (multiphasic waveform) as a new alarm point. With the application of this criterion, the false-positive rate can be reduced to 20%.

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Mohammadi, Bahram, Klaus Krampfl, Katja Kollewe, Amir Seyfadini, Johannes Bufler, and Reinhard Dengler. "Correlation between distal motor latency and compound muscle action potential in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis." Neurological Research 29, no. 5 (2007): 425–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/016164107x159261.

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Bhatt, Neel K., Andrea M. Park, Mohammad T. Al-Lozi, Derrick C. Gale, and Randal C. Paniello. "Compound motor action potential duration and latency are markers of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury." Laryngoscope 127, no. 8 (2017): 1855–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lary.26531.

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Tanaka, Satoshi, Ikuo Kobayashi, Takao Sagiuchi, et al. "Compensation of Intraoperative Transcranial Motor-Evoked Potential Monitoring by Compound Muscle Action Potential After Peripheral Nerve Stimulation." Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology 22, no. 4 (2005): 271–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.wnp.0000166169.25564.f4.

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Maranhão, Analúcia Abreu, Marcia Maria Jardim Rodrigues, Sonia Regina da Silva Carvalho, et al. "Is phrenic nerve conduction affected in patients with difficult-to-treat asthma?" Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 76, no. 3 (2018): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0004-282x20180010.

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ABSTRACT Objective The aim of this study was to obtain data on phrenic neuroconduction and electromyography of the diaphragm muscle in difficult-to-treat asthmatic patients and compare the results to those obtained in controls. Methods The study consisted of 20 difficult-to-treat asthmatic patients compared with 27 controls. Spirometry, maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressure, chest X-ray, phrenic neuroconduction and diaphragm electromyography data were obtained. Results The phrenic compound motor action potential area was reduced, compared with controls, and all the patients had normal diaphragm electromyography. Conclusion It is possible that a reduced phrenic compound motor action potential area, without electromyography abnormalities, could be related to diaphragm muscle fiber abnormalities due to overload activity.

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Kabiraj, M. M., S. Al Rajeh, A. R. Al Tahan, M. Abdulijabbar, and M. Al Bunyan. "Motor terminal latency index in carpal tunnel syndrome." Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 5, no. 2 (1999): 262–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.26719/1999.5.2.262.

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We determined the motor terminal latency index [MTLI]of the median nerve across the carpal tunnel in 41 upper extremities of 31 patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. Changes in motor nerve conduction velocity [MNCV], motor terminal latency [MTL], sensory action potential and the amplitude of the compound muscle action potential recorded from the abductor pollicis brevis muscle were all suggestive of proximal and distal segment involvement of the nerve across the carpal tunnel. There was no correlation between forearm MNCV and MTL [r = 0.40], although MTLI was correlated with MTL [r = 0.67]but not with MNCV, indicating a disproportionate conduction across the carpal tunnel

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Şahin, F., N. Ş. Atalay, N. Akkaya, Ö. Ercidoğan, B. Başakçı, and B. Kuran. "The correlation of neurophysiological findings with clinical and functional status in patients following traumatic nerve injury." Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 39, no. 2 (2013): 199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753193413479507.

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In this study, we aimed to determine whether there is a correlation between the electrodiagnostic findings and the functional status, muscle strength and sensibility in patients with traumatic nerve injury to the wrists. We assessed 50 patients at a mean of 11.6 months (SD 5.85) (range 6–25) after nerve injury. Sensibility was assessed by monofilament testing. Motor function was evaluated by assessing the manual muscle grade of the abductor pollicis brevis and abductor digiti minimi muscles. Function was evaluated by the Sollerman Hand Function Test. The amplitudes of the compound muscle action potential and the sensory nerve action potential were determined by electroneuromyography. While the compound muscle action potential and sensory nerve action potential amplitudes had significant correlation with muscle grade and Semmes Weinstein Monofilament tests, there was no correlation with the functional scores.

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Moldovan, Mihai, and Steve Vucic. "Is Motor Unit Number Index (MUNIX) an index of Compound Muscle Action Potential amplitude rather than motor unit number?" Clinical Neurophysiology 130, no. 9 (2019): 1686–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2019.06.010.

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Li, Xiaoyan, Ya Zong, Cliff S. Klein, and Ping Zhou. "Motor unit number estimation of human abductor hallucis from a compound muscle action potential scan." Muscle & Nerve 58, no. 5 (2018): 735–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mus.26295.

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Lo Monaco, Mauro, Adele D’Amico, Marco Luigetti, Jean-François Desaphy, and Anna Modoni. "Effect of mexiletine on transitory depression of compound motor action potential in recessive myotonia congenita." Clinical Neurophysiology 126, no. 2 (2015): 399–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2014.06.008.

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Barkhaus, P. E., J. C. Kincaid, and S. D. Nandedkar. "4. Compound muscle action potential amplitude drop at knee stimulation in tibial motor conduction study." Clinical Neurophysiology 120, no. 2 (2009): e90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2008.10.022.

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Zhu, Fanfan, Boren Jiang, Rongliang Ren, and Lizhen Yang. "Amplitude of peroneal compound motor action potential increases in type 2 diabetes with thyroid autoimmunity." Science China Life Sciences 61, no. 8 (2018): 988–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11427-017-9316-x.

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Ashrafi, Mahmoud Reza, Ariadokht Mohammadalipoor, Alireza Ranjbar Naeini, et al. "Clinical Characteristics and Electrodiagnostic Features of Guillain-Barré Syndrome Among the Pediatric Population." Journal of Child Neurology 35, no. 7 (2020): 448–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0883073820905157.

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Introduction: Guillain-Barré syndrome is an immune-mediated peripheral neuropathy characterized by different clinical manifestations. We aimed to describe the clinical features, seasonal distribution, subtypes, and electrodiagnostic characteristics of Iranian children with Guillain-Barré syndrome. Methods: In this prospective study, a total of 30 children with Guillain-Barré syndrome were evaluated. All demographic features were collected and electrodiagnostic study was assessed. Results: Twelve participants were diagnosed with acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy and 18 patients were identified with acute motor axonal neuropathy. The initial findings showed that a significant number of patients (23 cases, P = .003) resided in rural areas. Our results showed a higher incidence of Guillain-Barré syndrome in summer and autumn months. No significant difference was observed between the seasonal distribution of acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy and acute motor axonal neuropathy subtypes. Antecedent history of pulmonary infections was recorded in 14 children with Guillain-Barré syndrome. Electrophysiological findings revealed a pattern of prolonged F wave latency with reduced persistency, absence of sensory nerve action potential, reduced compound muscle action potential amplitude, prolonged distal motor latency, reduced nerve conduction velocity, and abnormal temporal dispersion or conduction block in most patients with acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy. However, reduced compound muscle action potential amplitude, F wave with normal latency and reduced persistency, normal sensory nerve action potential amplitude, normal distal latency, normal sensory nerve conduction velocity, and conduction block or temporal dispersion were observed in most acute motor axonal neuropathy patients. Conclusion: The data support a correlation between Guillain-Barré syndrome incidence with seasonal variation and living area. Further studies should assess the Guillain-Barré syndrome features in pediatric population.

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Lo, Rong-Chin, Tung-Tai Kuo, Ren-Guey Lee, Yuan-Hao Chen, and Chuan Chin Lim. "EVOKED POTENTIAL PRIMITIVES OF RAT MOTOR CORTEX SIGNAL ANALYSIS BASED ON ITERATED FUNCTION SYSTEMS." Biomedical Engineering: Applications, Basis and Communications 32, no. 04 (2020): 2050033. http://dx.doi.org/10.4015/s1016237220500337.

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The function of the brain has been the focus of neuroscience studies for nearly half a century. The studies found that the evoked potential signals of the motor cortex are the main source to command action. An action signal is composed of several signal primitives that are mainly generated by the motor cortex. It was found that signal primitives of the motor cortex can be produced by several fixed rules and a group of codes called iterated function systems (IFS) code. The goal of our research is to find the relationships between the signal primitives of the motor cortex and actions. We recorded the action signals of the rat motor cortex using 8-channel micro-electrodes and used independent component analysis (ICA) to find the independent source signals called signal primitives. Then, the IFS algorithm was used to find the signal primitive codes, which is the IFS code. The experimental results showed that the source signals of actions produce the IFS rules and a set of codes by the IFS algorithm and conversely, using the IFS rules and the set of codes can reconstruct the source signals. Every 20-character length of action signals will generate unique 6-character IFS codes, meaning that the action signals can be replaced with IFS codes to achieve the compression. We found that the IFS rules and codes can be used to represent different cortex commands which have distinct IFS codes that can be used to classify the movements of rat. The classification result reached 78.75% for rough movement and nearly 50% for subtle movement, where the rough movement is that the rat performs two motions and the subtle movement is three motions. This result shows that the motor cortex command can consist of distinct signal primitives and the huge file size of the motor cortex command is reduced three times by the IFS algorithm.

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Saitoh, Y., K. Satomi, M. Terasawa, et al. "P347Correlation between compound motor action potential and femoral venous pressure waveform as novel phrenic nerve monitoring." EP Europace 19, suppl_3 (2017): iii61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehjci/eux141.073.

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Rutz, S., V. Dietz, and A. Curt. "Diagnostic and prognostic value of compound motor action potential of lower limbs in acute paraplegic patients." Spinal Cord 38, no. 4 (2000): 203–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.sc.3100979.

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Goldman, Ernesto, Christer Sinderby, Lars Lindstrom, and Alex Grassino. "Influence of Atracurium on the Diaphragm Mean Action Potential Conduction Velocity in Canines." Anesthesiology 90, no. 3 (1999): 855–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199903000-00029.

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Background It has been shown that progressive neuromuscular blockade (NMB) affects the electromyogram power spectrum and compound muscle action potential duration in skeletal muscle. These measures are linked to the mean muscle action potential conduction velocity (APCV), but no studies have confirmed a relation between the mean APCV and NMB. The aim of this study was to determine whether diaphragm mean APCV is affected by NMB. Methods The effects of NMB on diaphragm mean APCV were evaluated in five mongrel dogs. Progressive NMB was induced by slow intravenous infusion of atracurium. During spontaneous breathing, the diaphragm mean APCV was determined by electromyogram signals, in the time and frequency domains. The magnitude of NMB was quantified by the amplitude of the compound muscle action potential and by changes in muscle shortening during supramaximal stimulation of the phrenic nerve. Results Progressive NMB was associated with a decrease in diaphragm mean APCV. At approximately 70% reduction in the compound muscle action potential amplitude, diaphragm mean APCV had decreased more than 20%. Recovery after NMB was characterized by a restoration of the mean APCV to control values. Conclusion This study shows that progressive NMB paralyzes motor units within the diaphragm in an orderly manner, and the blockade first affects muscle fibers with high APCV before it affects fibers with lower APCV.

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Thakur, D., B. H. Paudel, and C. B. Jha. "Nerve Conduction study in healthy individuals, a preliminary age based study." Kathmandu University Medical Journal 8, no. 3 (2012): 311–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v8i3.6218.

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Background Nerve conduction study assesses peripheral nerve functions and has clinical implication. Objectives To study the effect of age on nerve conduction study variables in healthy adults. Methods Cross sectional study was done from Jan 2006 to Dec 2006 in department of Physiology, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal. The study was done in 34 (younger, n= 18, 17 to 29 years; older, n= 16, 30 to 57 years) consenting healthy adults of either sex. The compound muscle action potential and sensory nerve action potential were recorded using standard technique. Due to the non-normal distribution of data, the effect of age on nerve conduction study variables was analyzed using Mann Whitney U test. Results Younger vs. older individuals: older had lower Compound Muscle action potential amplitude (mV) in all motor nerves except radial and left ulnar nerves. Compound Muscle action potential duration (ms) was shorter in older (p<0.05) in ulnar, tibial, right median and left common peroneal motor nerves than the younger: right median (6.92±1.3 vs. 8.5±1.88), right ulnar (7.09±1.54vs. 8.2±1.31), left ulnar (10.56±1.44 vs. 12.06±1.5), right tibial (6.28±0.81vs. 7.28±1.12), and left tibial (9.58±1.52vs.10.78±1.71). Sensory nerve actional potential amplitude (?V) was smaller in older as compared to younger: right median (19.01±7.83 vs. 26.97±10.63), right ulnar (10.9±3.44 vs.16.09±5.85) and right radial (14.31±4.34 vs.19.72±6.47). SNAP duration (ms) was longer in older: right ulnar (1.34±0.17 vs.1.26± 0.18), left ulnar (1.46±0.14 vs. 1.29±0.26), and left median (1.11± 0.14 vs. 1± 0.14). Conclusions Age has definite effects on amplitude and duration of motor and sensory nerves. Different nerves have different timing of aging. Without adjustment for age, the sensitivity and specificity of nerve conduction study will decrease whenusing the same reference data in patients with different age.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v8i3.6218 Kathmandu Univ Med J 2010;8(3):311-6

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Atanassoff, Peter G., Branko M. Weiss, Sorin J. Brull, et al. "Compound Motor Action Potential Recording Distinguishes Differential Onset of Motor Block of the Obturator Nerve in Response to Etidocaine or Bupivacaine." Anesthesia & Analgesia 82, no. 2 (1996): 317–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000539-199602000-00018.

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Atanassoff, Peter G., Branko M. Weiss, Sorin J. Brull, et al. "Compound Motor Action Potential Recording Distinguishes Differential Onset of Motor Block of the Obturator Nerve in Response to Etidocaine or Bupivacaine." Anesthesia & Analgesia 82, no. 2 (1996): 317–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1213/00000539-199602000-00018.

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Gurnett, Christina A., Judy A. Bodnar, Jeffrey Neil, and Anne M. Connolly. "Congenital Myasthenic Syndrome: Presentation, Electrodiagnosis, and Muscle Biopsy." Journal of Child Neurology 19, no. 3 (2004): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0883073804019003011.

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We report 10 children with congenital myasthenic syndromes diagnosed by clinical features, electrodiagnostic studies, and response to acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Age at diagnosis (mean = 4.4 years; range 0.2–10 years) correlated with age fatigue was recognized. Symptoms at presentation included mild gross motor development delay (7/10), speech articulation difficulty (5/10), and respiratory and feeding difficulties resulting in poor growth in 7 of 10 children. None of the five children with possible presynaptic abnormalities had decremental compound muscle action potential responses to 2 Hz repetitive nerve stimulation. Instead, electrodiagnostic studies showed a more than 100% increment of compound muscle action potential amplitude during 50 Hz repetitive nerve stimulation in two children and sustained compound muscle action potential decrement to 2 Hz repetitive nerve stimulation after depletion (10 Hz stimulation for 10 min) in four children. Muscle biopsies ( n = 7) showed mild to severe variation in fiber size. Our experience suggests that many children with congenital myasthenic syndromes might be undiagnosed because of atypical presentation and because additional electrophysiologic studies are required.

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Gurnett, Christina A., Judy A. Bodnar, Jeffrey Neil, and Anne M. Connolly. "Congenital Myasthenic Syndrome: Presentation, Electrodiagnosis, and Muscle Biopsy." Journal of Child Neurology 19, no. 3 (2004): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08830738040190032101.

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We report 10 children with congenital myasthenic syndromes diagnosed by clinical features, electrodiagnostic studies, and response to acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Age at diagnosis (mean = 4.4 years; range 0.2–10 years) correlated with age fatigue was recognized. Symptoms at presentation included mild gross motor development delay (7/10), speech articulation difficulty (5/10), and respiratory and feeding difficulties resulting in poor growth in 7 of 10 children. None of the five children with possible presynaptic abnormalities had decremental compound muscle action potential responses to 2 Hz repetitive nerve stimulation. Instead, electrodiagnostic studies showed a more than 100% increment of compound muscle action potential amplitude during 50 Hz repetitive nerve stimulation in two children and sustained compound muscle action potential decrement to 2 Hz repetitive nerve stimulation after depletion (10 Hz stimulation for 10 min) in four children. Muscle biopsies ( n = 7) showed mild to severe variation in fiber size. Our experience suggests that many children with congenital myasthenic syndromes might be undiagnosed because of atypical presentation and because additional electrophysiologic studies are required.

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Gielen, F. L., R. N. Friedman, and J. P. Wikswo. "In vivo magnetic and electric recordings from nerve bundles and single motor units in mammalian skeletal muscle. Correlations with muscle force." Journal of General Physiology 98, no. 5 (1991): 1043–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.98.5.1043.

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Recent advances in the technology of recording magnetic fields associated with electric current flow in biological tissues have provided a means of examining action currents that is more direct and possibly more accurate than conventional electrical recording. Magnetic recordings are relatively insensitive to muscle movement, and, because the recording probes are not directly connected to the tissue, distortions of the data due to changes in the electrochemical interface between the probes and the tissue are eliminated. In vivo magnetic recordings of action currents of rat common peroneal nerve and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle were obtained by a new magnetic probe and amplifier system that operates within the physiological temperature range. The magnetically recorded waveforms were compared with those obtained simultaneously by conventional, extracellular recording techniques. We used the amplitude of EDL twitch force (an index of stimulus strength) generated in response to graded stimulation of the common peroneal nerve to enable us to compare the amplitudes of magnetically recorded nerve and muscle compound action currents (NCACs and MCACs, respectively) with the amplitudes of electrically recorded nerve compound action potentials (NCAPs). High, positive correlations to stimulus strength were found for NCACs (r = 0.998), MCACs (r = 0.974), and NCAPs (r = 0.998). We also computed the correlations of EDL single motor unit twitch force with magnetically recorded single motor unit compound action currents (SMUCACs) and electrically recorded single motor unit compound action potentials (SMUCAPs) obtained with both a ring electrode and a straight wire serving as a point electrode. Only the SMUCACs had a relatively strong positive correlation (r = 0.768) with EDL twitch force. Correlations for ring and wire electrode-recorded SMUCAPs were 0.565 and -0.366, respectively. This study adds a relatively direct examination of action currents to the characterization of the normal biophysical properties of peripheral nerve, muscle, and muscle single motor units.

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Shefner, Jeremy M., Milind Kothari, and Eric L. Logigian. "Does voluntary muscle contraction cause facilitation of peripherally evoked compound motor action potentials?" Muscle & Nerve 18, no. 5 (1995): 555–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mus.880180515.

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SHARMA, PARIKSHIT S., SANTOSH K. PADALA, J. JENKINS THOMPSON, SAMPATH GUNDA, JAYANTHI N. KONERU, and KENNETH A. ELLENBOGEN. "Factors Influencing Diaphragmatic Compound Motor Action Potentials During Cryoballoon Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation." Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology 27, no. 12 (2016): 1384–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jce.13082.

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Hefny, Mohamed, Asser Sallam, Maii Abdellatif, Shaimaa Okasha, and Marwa Orabi. "Electrophysiological Evaluation and Clinical Implication of Martin-Gruber Anastomosis in Healthy Subjects." Journal of Hand Surgery (Asian-Pacific Volume) 25, no. 01 (2020): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2424835520500125.

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Background: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of Martin-Gruber Anastomosis (MGA) in healthy Egyptian subjects, and to discuss the available literature regarding MGA subtypes and their clinical implications. Methods: An electrophysiological study was conducted in both forearms of 140 healthy subjects. This included the ulnar and median nerves. Compound muscle action potentials were recorded from abductor pollicis brevis, abductor digiti minimi, and first dorsal interosseous muscles. Other measurements included the compound motor action potential amplitude and its innervation ratio. Results: MGA was found in 56 of the 280 forearms. This included 20 men and 36 women. Type II MGA subtype was the most frequent in both genders. The MGA was bilateral in 6 subjects and more frequent on the right side. The highest mean amplitude and innervation ratio were recorded at first dorsal interosseus muscle. Conclusions: The prevalence of MGA in the studied sample of the Egyptian population is 20%. It is important for Hand, Orthopaedic and Neurosurgeons to be aware of this anatomic variation in order to explain paradoxical motor and sensory loss in patients.

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Takano, Masashi, Tatsuhiko Kuramochi, Manabu Hisamatsu, Masahiro Hosokawa, and Hitoshi Hachiya. "Examination of the Compound Motor Action Potential using the V₁ Electrode during Cryoballoon Ablation." Japanese Journal of Electrocardiology 40, no. 4 (2020): 217–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5105/jse.40.217.

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Seror, P., T. Maisonobe, and P. Bouche. "A new electrode placement for recording the compound motor action potential of the first dorsal interosseous muscle." Neurophysiologie Clinique/Clinical Neurophysiology 41, no. 4 (2011): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neucli.2011.06.003.

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Kesim‐Sahin, Ozlem, Nermin Gorkem Sirin, Bahar Erbas, et al. "Compound muscle action potential scan and MScanFit motor unit number estimation during Wallerian degeneration after nerve transections." Muscle & Nerve 62, no. 2 (2020): 239–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mus.26923.

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Aboodarda, Saied Jalal, David B. Copithorne, Kevin E. Power, Eric Drinkwater, and David G. Behm. "Elbow flexor fatigue modulates central excitability of the knee extensors." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 40, no. 9 (2015): 924–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2015-0088.

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The present study investigated the effects of exercise-induced elbow flexor fatigue on voluntary force output, electromyographic (EMG) activity and motoneurone excitability of the nonexercised knee extensor muscles. Eleven participants attended 3 testing sessions: (i) control, (ii) unilateral fatiguing elbow flexion and (iii) bilateral fatiguing elbow flexion (BiFlex). The nonfatigued knee extensor muscles were assessed with thoracic motor evoked potentials (TMEPs), maximal compound muscle action potential (Mmax), knee extensor maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs), and normalized EMG activity before and at 30 s, 3 min, and 5 min postexercise. BiFlex showed significantly lower (Δ = −18%, p = 0.03) vastus lateralis (VL) normalized EMG activity compared with the control session whereas knee extension MVC force did not show any statistical difference between the 3 conditions (p = 0.12). The TMEP·Mmax−1 ratio measured at the VL showed a significantly higher value (Δ = +46%, p = 0.003) following BiFlex compared with the control condition at 30 s postexercise. The results suggest that the lower VL normalized EMG following BiFlex might have been due to a reduction in supraspinal motor output because spinal motoneuronal responses demonstrated substantially higher value (30 s postexercise) and peripheral excitability (compound muscle action potential) showed no change following BiFelex than control condition.

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Vieira, Taian M., Alberto Botter, Marco A. Minetto, and Emma F. Hodson-Tole. "Spatial variation of compound muscle action potentials across human gastrocnemius medialis." Journal of Neurophysiology 114, no. 3 (2015): 1617–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00221.2015.

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The massed action potential (M wave) elicited through nerve stimulation underpins a wide range of physiological and mechanical understanding of skeletal muscle structure and function. Although systematic approaches have evaluated the effect of different factors on M waves, the effect of the location and distribution of activated fibers within the muscle remains unknown. By detecting M waves from the medial gastrocnemius (MG) of 12 participants with a grid of 128 electrodes, we investigated whether different populations of muscle units have different spatial organization within MG. If populations of muscle units occupy discrete MG regions, current pulses of progressively greater intensities applied to the MG nerve branch would be expected to lead to local changes in M-wave amplitudes. Electrical pulses were therefore delivered at 2 pps, with the current pulse amplitude increased every 10 stimuli to elicit different degrees of muscle activation. The localization of MG response to increases in current intensity was determined from the spatial distribution of M-wave amplitude. Key results revealed that increases in M-wave amplitude were detected somewhat locally, by 10–50% of the 128 electrodes. Most importantly, the electrodes detecting greatest increases in M-wave amplitude were localized at different regions in the grid, with a tendency for greater stimulation intensities to elicit M waves in the more distal MG region. The presented results indicate that M waves recorded locally may not provide a representative MG response, with major implications for the estimation of, e.g., the maximal stimulation levels, the number of motor units, and the onset and normalization in H-reflex studies.

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Motewar, Sapana S., and Narendra P. Bachewar. "Effect of pregnancy on median and ulnar nerve conduction." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 5, no. 3 (2017): 978. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20170646.

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Background: Pregnancy causes altered function of excitable membranes such as muscle and nerve, due to hormonal changes and edema. We failed to find any studies focusing on the issue of nerve conduction during pregnancy, in India. Thus present study aims to see the difference between nerve conduction parameters viz. motor and sensory conduction, in pregnant and non-pregnant women.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out in randomly selected 30 pregnant women, of any age, in 28-40 weeks of gestation and age matched non-pregnant controls. We studied distal motor latency, compound muscle action potential amplitude, motor nerve conduction velocity, F-minimum latency, sensory latency, sensory nerve action potential amplitude and sensory nerve conduction velocity in bilateral median and ulnar nerves using Aleron-RMS.Results: Present study found no statistically significant difference between motor and sensory conduction of above said nerves in pregnant and nonpregnant women, except F minimum latency of left median nerve in pregnant women and sensory latency of left ulnar nerve in non-pregnant women were prolonged significantly (p<0.05).Conclusions: All motor and sensory parameters of bilateral median and ulnar nerves were normal as compared to non-pregnant controls.

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Duez, L., E. Qerama, T. S. Jensen, and A. Fuglsang-Frederiksen. "Modulation of the muscle and nerve compound muscle action potential by evoked pain." Scandinavian Journal of Pain 6, no. 1 (2015): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sjpain.2014.05.028.

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AbstractBackground and aimsTo our knowledge there are no studies that have examined the effects of the experimental pain on muscle fibre excitability as measured by the amplitudes of the potentials evoked by direct muscle stimulation (DMS) in a muscle at rest. We hypothesized that evoked pain can modulate the muscle compound action potential (CMAP) obtained by DMS possibly due to changes in muscle fibre excitability.MethodsPain was evoked by intramuscular infusion of hypertonic saline in 50 men. Ten control subjects were infused with isotonic saline. The infusions were given distal to the motor end plate region of the dominant brachial biceps muscle (BBM) in a double-blind manner. The nerve CMAP was obtained by stimulating the musculocutaneous nerve and recording from the BBM using surface-electrodes. Muscle CMAPs were obtained by direct muscle stimulation with subdermal electrodes placed subcutaneously in the distal third of the muscle. A stimuli-response curve of the amplitudes from muscle CMAP was obtained by stimulating from 10 to 90 mA.ResultsThere was a decrease of the nerve CMAP amplitudes after infusion of isotonic saline (from 13.78mV to 12.16 mV), p-value 0.0007 and of hypertonic saline (from 13.35 mV to 10.85 mV), p-value 0.0000. The percent decrease from before to after infusion was larger in the hypertonic saline group (19.37%) compared to the isotonic saline group (12.18%), p-value 0.025.There was a decrease of the amplitudes of the muscle CMAP after infusion of both isotonic (at 90 mA from 13.84mV to 10.32 mV, p value 0.001) and of hypertonic saline (at 90 mA from 14.01 mV to 8.19 mV, p value 0.000). The percent decrease was larger in the hypertonic saline group compared to the isotonic saline group for all the stimulations intensities. At 90 mA we saw a 42% decrease in the hypertonic saline group and 24.5% in the isotonic saline group, p value 0.005.There were no changes in conduction velocity.ConclusionWe found a larger amplitude decrease of the muscle and nerve potentials following hypertonic saline infusion compared with that of isotonic saline. We suggest that this deferential outcome of hypertonic saline on muscle CMAP may be linked to the nociceptive effect on muscle fibre membrane excitability.ImplicationsThe study supplies with some evidence of the peripheral effect of muscle pain. However, further trials with other nociceptive substances such as capsaicin should be performed.

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Kamel, Jordan T., Rory J. Knight-Sadler, and Leslie J. Roberts. "Fibular motor nerve conduction studies: Investigating the mechanism for compound muscle action potential amplitude drop with proximal stimulation." Muscle & Nerve 52, no. 6 (2015): 993–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mus.24671.

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Faden, Alan I., Gerard B. Fox, Lei Fan, et al. "Novel TRH analog improves motor and cognitive recovery after traumatic brain injury in rodents." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 277, no. 4 (1999): R1196—R1204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1999.277.4.r1196.

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Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and certain TRH analogs show substantial neuroprotective effects in experimental brain or spinal cord trauma but also have other physiological actions (autonomic, analeptic, and endocrine) that may be undesirable for the treatment of neurotrauma in humans. We developed a novel TRH analog (2-ARA-53a), with substitutions at the NH2-terminus and imidazole ring, that preserves the neuroprotective action of TRH-like compounds while decreasing or eliminating their autonomic, analeptic, and endocrine effects. Rats administered 2-ARA-53a (1.0 mg/kg, n = 17) intravenously 30 min after lateral fluid percussion brain injury showed marked improvement in motor recovery compared with vehicle-treated controls ( n = 14). Treatment of mice subjected to moderate controlled cortical impact brain injury, at the same dose and time after trauma ( n = 8), improved both motor recovery and cognitive performance in a water maze place learning task compared with vehicle-treated controls ( n = 8). In injured rats, no autonomic or analeptic effects were observed with this compound, and endocrine effects were significantly reduced with 2-ARA-53a, in contrast to those found with a typical NH2-terminal-substituted TRH analog (YM-14673). These findings demonstrate that the neuroprotective effects of TRH-related compounds can be dissociated from their other major physiological actions and suggest a potential role for dual-substituted TRH analogs in the treatment of clinical neurotrauma.

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Trudeau, L. E., and V. F. Castellucci. "Excitatory amino acid neurotransmission at sensory-motor and interneuronal synapses of Aplysia californica." Journal of Neurophysiology 70, no. 3 (1993): 1221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1993.70.3.1221.

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1. Although the gill and siphon withdrawal reflex of Aplysia has been used as a model system to study learning-associated changes in synaptic transmission, the identity of the neurotransmitter released by the sensory neurons and excitatory interneurons of the network mediating this behavior is still unknown. The identification of the putative neurotransmitter of these neurons should facilitate further studies of synaptic plasticity in Aplysia. 2. We report that sensory-motor transmission within this circuit is mediated through the activation of an excitatory amino acid receptor that is blocked by the non-N-methyl-D-aspartate excitatory amino acid receptor antagonists 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX) and 1-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-piperazine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid (CBPD). Compound postsynaptic potentials evoked in motor neurons by electrical stimulation of the siphon nerve were blocked by 92% with CNQX (75 microM) and 89% with CBPD (75 microM). 3. Simultaneous intracellular recordings were obtained from sensory neurons, excitatory interneurons, and motor neurons. Monosynaptic excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) evoked in motor neurons by an action potential in a sensory neuron were blocked by 86% with CNQX (75 microM) and 71% with CBPD (75 microM). The two antagonists also blocked monosynaptic interneuronal EPSPs onto motor neurons by 65% and 67%, respectively. 4. Potential agonists of the synaptic receptors were puff-applied in the intact abdominal ganglion. Homocysteic acid (HCA) was found to mimic the action of the synaptically released transmitter because it strongly excites motor neurons. This effect was blocked by CNQX. Kainate and domoic acid were also effective agonists. 5. The actions of L- and D-glutamate as well as quisqualate were found to be mainly hyperpolarizing, whereas aspartate and (+/-)-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid had no effect. 6. Several reasons may be proposed to explain the inability of puff-applied glutamate to excite effectively the postsynaptic neurons in the intact ganglion. It is possible nonetheless that other endogenous amino acids such as HCA act as neurotransmitters at these synapses.

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Yao, Li-Hua, Hui-Min Yu, Qiu-Ping Xiong, et al. "Cordycepin Decreases Compound Action Potential Conduction of Frog Sciatic Nerve In Vitro Involving Ca2+-Dependent Mechanisms." Neural Plasticity 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/927817.

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Cordycepin has been widely used in oriental countries to maintain health and improve physical performance. Compound nerve action potential (CNAP), which is critical in signal conduction in the peripheral nervous system, is necessary to regulate physical performance, including motor system physiological and pathological processes. Therefore, regulatory effects of cordycepin on CNAP conduction should be elucidated. In this study, the conduction ability of CNAP in isolated frog sciatic nerves was investigated. Results revealed that cordycepin significantly decreased CNAP amplitude and conductive velocity in a reversible and concentration-dependent manner. At 50 mg/L cordycepin, CNAP amplitude and conductive velocity decreased by 62.18 ± 8.06% and 57.34% ± 6.14% compared with the control amplitude and conductive velocity, respectively. However, the depressive action of cordycepin on amplitude and conductive velocity was not observed in Ca2+-free medium or in the presence of Ca2+channel blockers (CdCl2/LaCl3). Pretreatment with L-type Ca2+channel antagonist (nifedipine/deltiazem) also blocked cordycepin-induced responses; by contrast, T-type and P-type Ca2+channel antagonists (Ni2+) failed to block such responses. Therefore, cordycepin decreased the conduction ability of CNAP in isolated frog sciatic nerves via L-type Ca2+channel-dependent mechanism.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Compound Motor Action Potential'

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