To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Compound Noun.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Compound Noun'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Compound Noun.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Ó, Séaghdha Diarmuid Donncha. "Learning compound noun semantics." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.611452.
Full text
2
Mphasha, Lekau Eleazar. "The compound noun in Northern Sotho." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1343.
Full text
3
Cranmer, Laila. "Terminology and Compound nouns in a translation of a financial text." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk och litteratur, SOL, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-23752.
Full text
4
Kharytonava, Olga. "The morphology of affix sharing in Turkish." University of Arizona Linguistics Circle, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/139410.
Full textAbstract:
This paper analyses the phenomenon of Suspended Affixation (SA) which refers to a situation in coordinated constructions when affixes on the final conjunct have scope over all the non-final conjuncts. The main goal of this paper is to look at the structure of SA for Noun Compound Coordination and to find out how pl and poss suffixes behave regarding suspension. Previous studies have shown that in N and NP coordination poss cannot be suspended leaving pl on the non-final conjunct. This study tests the suspendability of poss in the context of Noun Compound coordination. Since SA seems to represent gradient judgment data two acceptability judgment studies were conducted to find out the (un)grammaticality of Noun Compound constructions. The results show that pl and poss suffixes cannot be suspended for independent reasons. The suspendability of poss does not depend on the presence/absence of pl in the structure due to its structural position.
This article proposes an analysis of SA in N and NP coordination which represents a combination of two approaches on SA already proposed in literature and is based on the idea of Parallel Merge proposed by Citko (2005). SA in N and NP coordination is considered to be a coordination of fully inflected conjuncts where the inflections are parallel-merged with two conjuncts (final and non-final). I show that due to the structure of Noun Compound coordination constructions, pl and poss cannot be parallel-merged because of a minimality condition: a non-final conjunct has to be a Minimal Morphological Word.
5
Mheta, Gift. "A contextual analysis of compound nouns in Shona lexicography." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_2459_1320660934.
Full textAbstract:
This research is in the area of lexicography and investigates the relationship between Shona terminology development and the culture of the language community for which the terminology is intended. It is a contextual analysis of compound nouns found in Shona terminological dictionaries. The study specifically explores how lexicographers together with health, music, language and literature specialists make use of their knowledge about Shona cultural contexts in the creation of compound nouns. Thus, this research foregrounds Shona socio-cultural contexts and meaning generation in terminology development. This study employs a quadruple conceptual framework. The four components of the framework that are utilised are the Traditional Descriptive Approach (TDA), Cognitive Approach (CG), Systemic Functional Approach (SFL), and Semiotic Remediation (SRM). TDA is used in the linguistic categorisation of Shona compound nouns. In addition, it provides the metalanguage with which to describe the constituent parts of Shona compound nouns. As TDA is mainly confined to the linguistic dimension, this research employs CG, SFL, and SRM to explore the cultural and socio-cognitive dimensions of terminology development.
6
Mickelsson, Sparv Susanne. "From the midst of darkness to a nugget of hope : Post-nominal of-phrases in translation." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-98238.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this thesis is to analyze how post-nominal of-phrases are translated from English to Swedish in a non-fiction text about the musician Dave Grohl and his band Foo Fighters. The analysis is both quantitative and qualitative. The of-phrases are categorized according to Keizer’s (2007) categories, and the results show that most of-phrases are translated to prepositional phrases, although it differs which prepositions are used, depending on the type of ofphrase. For of-phrases of the possession-type, i is the most common preposition, and for compound-like of-phrases, av is the most common preposition. Of-phrases of possession-type are also frequently translated into genitive constructions, especially if the possessor is animate or syntactically light. Other structural changes also occur in the translation, although no pattern was found for this strategy in the analysis.
7
Asian, Jelita, and jelitayang@gmail com. "Effective Techniques for Indonesian Text Retrieval." RMIT University. Computer Science and Information Technology, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080110.084651.
Full textAbstract:
The Web is a vast repository of data, and information on almost any subject can be found with the aid of search engines. Although the Web is international, the majority of research on finding of information has a focus on languages such as English and Chinese. In this thesis, we investigate information retrieval techniques for Indonesian. Although Indonesia is the fourth most populous country in the world, little attention has been given to search of Indonesian documents. Stemming is the process of reducing morphological variants of a word to a common stem form. Previous research has shown that stemming is language-dependent. Although several stemming algorithms have been proposed for Indonesian, there is no consensus on which gives better performance. We empirically explore these algorithms, showing that even the best algorithm still has scope for improvement. We propose novel extensions to this algorithm and develop a new Indonesian stemmer, and show that these can improve stemming correctness by up to three percentage points; our approach makes less than one error in thirty-eight words. We propose a range of techniques to enhance the performance of Indonesian information retrieval. These techniques include: stopping; sub-word tokenisation; and identification of proper nouns; and modifications to existing similarity functions. Our experiments show that many of these techniques can increase retrieval performance, with the highest increase achieved when we use grams of size five to tokenise words. We also present an effective method for identifying the language of a document; this allows various information retrieval techniques to be applied selectively depending on the language of target documents. We also address the problem of automatic creation of parallel corpora --- collections of documents that are the direct translations of each other --- which are essential for cross-lingual information retrieval tasks. Well-curated parallel corpora are rare, and for many languages, such as Indonesian, do not exist at all. We describe algorithms that we have developed to automatically identify parallel documents for Indonesian and English. Unlike most current approaches, which consider only the context and structure of the documents, our approach is based on the document content itself. Our algorithms do not make any prior assumptions about the documents, and are based on the Needleman-Wunsch algorithm for global alignment of protein sequences. Our approach works well in identifying Indonesian-English parallel documents, especially when no translation is performed. It can increase the separation value, a measure to discriminate good matches of parallel documents from bad matches, by approximately ten percentage points. We also investigate the applicability of our identification algorithms for other languages that use the Latin alphabet. Our experiments show that, with minor modifications, our alignment methods are effective for English-French, English-German, and French-German corpora, especially when the documents are not translated. Our technique can increase the separation value for the European corpus by up to twenty-eight percentage points. Together, these results provide a substantial advance in understanding techniques that can be applied for effective Indonesian text retrieval.
8
Frandsen, Martina. "Rechercheintensive Werbemittelerstellung und sozialversicherungspflichtige Onlinemarketingagenturen : Eine deutsch-schwedische Übersetzungsanalyse von Substantiv- und Adjektivkomposita." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-89569.
Full textAbstract:
Compounds, i.e. combining two lexical morphemes, are used for various reasons, e.g. naming, reduction of letters and words, drawing attention and producing expressive and humorous effects, etc. Compounding is not a unique concept to the German language, but is regarded as one of its characteristic features. As the stylistic norms differ from language to language, it renders the task of translating compounds challenging. There are various translation strategies for translating compounds, the tendencies of which are explored in this study. The analysis is based on a Swedish translation of Kühn’s (2016) Das Handbuch für digitale Nomaden and focuses on noun and adjective compounds, as they are the most frequent compounds in German. Concerning noun compounds, the study shows a tendency towards translation strategies, which are close to the source text material in form and meaning, whereas translations of adjective compounds tend to use strategies, which are similar in meaning, but not in form, e.g. a paraphrase. On this basis, it is concluded that even though German and Swedish share linguistic similarities, they differ when it comes to stylistic norms, as German is considered more nominal, whereas Swedish has a more verbal mode of expression.
9
Davidson, Oliver Geoffrey. "The interpretation of noun noun compounds." Thesis, Durham University, 1996. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5301/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis looks at conceptual combination, in particular it investigates how noun noun compounds are interpreted. Several themes run throughout the work. Real compounds (e.g. coat hanger, crab apple) are compared to novel ones (e.g. banjo cactus, zip violin). Also, compounds are examined in each of the possible permutations of artefacts (A) (e.g. coat, banjo) and natural kinds (N) (e.g. crab, cactus), (AA, AN, NA and NN).Experiments 1 - 4 examine noncompositionality in noun noun compounds. Possible sources of noncompositionality are investigated using both feature listing and feature rating tasks. Although some differences were found, results were similar between different types of compound, evidence of noncompositionality being found in each. The results also confirm that most of the meaning of a noun noim compound is derived from the second constituent (noun2).Experiments 5 and 6 look at two different types of compoimd interpretation - slot filling and property mapping. In experiment 5, slot filling is found to be the preferred interpretation type overall, but property mapping is more common in compounds composed of two natural kinds (NN). Experiment 6 examines possible factors influencing the choice between slot filling and property mapping interpretations. It was found that constituent similarity plays an important role, and also that this interacts with whether or not the constituents have important properties which clash. Experiment 7 looks at compound identification. Results suggest that the first constituent (nounl) may be critical in such tasks. Experiment 8 compares the importance of nounl and noun2 in determining the type of interpretation given to a compound. Neither position is found to be more influential than the other, although relational information does seem to be associated with specific nouns in each position. Throughout the thesis findings are related to current theories of conceptual combination, such as prototype models, the concept specialisation model and theories of compound interpretation by analogy.
10
Kyriakopoulou, Anthoula. "Elaboration de ressources électroniques pour les noms composés de type N (E+DET=G) N=G du grec moderne." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00666189.
Full textAbstract:
L'objectif de cette recherche est la construction manuelle de ressources lexicales pour les noms composés grecs qui sont définis par la structure morphosyntaxique : Nom (E+Déterminant au génitif) Nom au génitif, notés N (E+DET:G) N:G (e.g. ζώνη ασφαλείας/ceinture de sécurité). Les ressources élaborées peuvent être utilisées pour leur reconnaissance lexicale automatique dans les textes écrits et dans d'autres applications du TAL. Notre travail s'inscrit dans la perspective de l'élaboration du lexique-grammaire général du grec moderne en vue de l'analyse automatique des textes écrits. Le cadre théorique et méthodologique de cette étude est celui du lexique-grammaire (M. Gross 1975, 1977), qui s'appuie sur la grammaire transformationnelle harisienne.Notre travail s'organise en cinq parties. Dans la première partie, nous délimitons l'objet de notre travail tout en essayant de définir la notion fondamentale qui régit notre étude, à savoir celle de figement. Dans la deuxième partie, nous présentons la méthodologie utilisée pour le recensement de nos données lexicales et nous étudions les phénomènes de variation observés au sein des noms composés de type N (E+DET:G) N:G. La troisième partie est consacrée à la présentation des différentes sous-catégories des N (E+DET:G) N:G identifiées lors de l'étape du recensement et à l'étude de leur structure lexicale interne. La quatrième partie porte sur l'étude syntaxico-sémantique des N (E+DET:G) N:G. Enfin, dans la cinquième partie, nous présentons les différentes méthodes de représentation formalisée que nous proposons pour nos données lexicales en vue de leur reconnaissance lexicale automatique dans les textes écrits. Des échantillons représentatifs des ressources élaborées sont présentés en Annexe
11
Arenas, Juan José, Cristina Carrasco, Jihyun Kim, Jose Ramírez, Maria José Salas, Francisca Valdés, and Valentina Varela. "Frankenwords: a cognitive perspective on the interpretation of NOUN-NOUN compounds in English." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2017. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/143386.
Full textAbstract:
Informe de Seminario para optar al grado de Licenciado en Lengua y Literatura InglesaNOUN - NOUN compounds have been extensively studied in the past, not only for the reason that they possess a remarkable degree of diversity regarding semantic relationships between their constituents but also because of their complexity as composite structures (Benczes, 2006). In the following study, we intend to delve into English NOUN - NOUN compounds from a cognitive constructional perspective, specifically regarding their form and the emergent structure they create. Previous cognitive linguistic attempts at addressing compounding have yielded a typology based on the occurrence of metaphoric and metonymic extension. Nevertheless, this typology could be improved by addressing heretofore unaddressed vexing matters regarding the complexity of the inner workings of compounding. Hence, we will inquire into NOUN - NOUN compounds as an interpretative result of a blending process, decomposing creativity into observable factors, such as the prototypicality of the components of the compound, their grammatical arrangement, the semantic distance between them, as well as the schematicity of their blending’s generic space. Hence, we will analyse NOUN - NOUN compounds exploring factors such as prototypicality, blending processes, syntactic structure, semantic distance and schematicity of generic space, to see how these factors affect the creation of compounds, the generic space, and the interpretation of the resulting compound. To do this, we selected nouns drawn from 7 superordinate semantic categories, each one with 3 basic level members that were run through the NOW corpus and the online dictionary WordSpy in order to obtain compounds at the subordinate level of a semantic hierarchy. The compounds of each category were then analysed regarding the aforementioned factors in order to reach an intra-categorical and inter-categorical analysis of NOUN - NOUN creative compounding that re-addresses creativity in terms of these factors.
12
Beltz, Katylynn. "The Development of Calibrants through Characterization of Volatile Organic Compounds from Peroxide Based Explosives and a Non-target Chemical Calibration Compound." FIU Digital Commons, 2013. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/817.
Full textAbstract:
Detection canines represent the fastest and most versatile means of illicit material detection. This research endeavor in its most simplistic form is the improvement of detection canines through training, training aids, and calibration. This study focuses on developing a universal calibration compound for which all detection canines, regardless of detection substance, can be tested daily to ensure that they are working with acceptable parameters. Surrogate continuation aids (SCAs) were developed for peroxide based explosives along with the validation of the SCAs already developed within the International Forensic Research Institute (IFRI) prototype surrogate explosives kit. Storage parameters of the SCAs were evaluated to give recommendations to the detection canine community on the best possible training aid storage solution that minimizes the likelihood of contamination. Two commonly used and accepted detection canine imprinting methods were also evaluated for the speed in which the canine is trained and their reliability.
As a result of the completion of this study, SCAs have been developed for explosive detection canine use covering: peroxide based explosives, TNT based explosives, nitroglycerin based explosives, tagged explosives, plasticized explosives, and smokeless powders. Through the use of these surrogate continuation aids a more uniform and reliable system of training can be implemented in the field than is currently used today. By examining the storage parameters of the SCAs, an ideal storage system has been developed using three levels of containment for the reduction of possible contamination. The developed calibration compound will ease the growing concerns over the legality and reliability of detection canine use by detailing the daily working parameters of the canine, allowing for Daubert rules of evidence admissibility to be applied. Through canine field testing, it has been shown that the IFRI SCAs outperform other commercially available training aids on the market. Additionally, of the imprinting methods tested, no difference was found in the speed in which the canines are trained or their reliability to detect illicit materials. Therefore, if the recommendations discovered in this study are followed, the detection canine community will greatly benefit through the use of scientifically validated training techniques and training aids.
13
Mealing, Cathy. "German noun compounds and their role in text cohesion." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=64084.
Full text
14
Taylor, Maureen Deirdre. "Word grammar and the semantics of compound nouns." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1987. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28840/.
Full textAbstract:
This investigation is a mentalistic inquiry into the study of semantic structure for compound nouns in English. The phenomenon of compounding entails competence in both semantic and pragmatic aspects of knowledge. These two aspects of language are generally described by separate grammatical models with the result that traditional analyses have been unable to provide a descriptively adequate account of the meanings of English compound nouns. This inquiry adopts the grammatical model of Word Grammar which incorporates a systematic representation of grammatical competence within a model of performance. The underlying hypothesis of this model is that all prepositional content of language is organised in relation to the word. Therefore, no unit larger than the word itself is required to describe the production and comprehension of compound constituency. The inclusion of pragmatic competence into the framework introduces an indeterminate feature in terms of experiential knowledge but this is offset by knowledge of the word as a common denominator with which all knowledge is projected. It is shown that Word Grammar's mentalistic framework provides an observationally adequate description of speaker competence for the meanings of compound nouns and an alternative approach that offers a credible description of the interrelation between semantic and pragmatic knowledge exploited in the comprehension of compound noun meaning.
15
Meere, Gerard Martin. "Non-linear diffusion mechanisms in compound semiconductors." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335789.
Full text
16
Al-Muhannah, Amin. "Scientific and technological terms transfer into Arabic : a corpus-based study of Arabic Noun+Noun and Noun+Adjective compounds." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2003. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.498617.
Full text
17
Schwarz, Anne. "Aspekte der Morphosyntax und Tonologie im Buli." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät III, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15715.
Full textAbstract:
Gegenstand der Arbeit sind verschiedene Aspekte der Morphosyntax und Tonologie im Buli, einer in Ghana (Upper East Region nahe der Grenze zu Burkina Faso) gesprochenen Gursprache des Niger-Kongo-Phylums, die bisher nur unzureichend beschrieben wurde. Die grammatische Beschreibung gibt einen umfangreichen Einblick in das sprachliche System des Buli und umfasst Kapitel zu den folgenden Themen: Phonologie, Nominalklassensystem, Pronominalsystem, Komplexe Nominalphrasen und nominale Syntagmen, Verbsystem. Dies geschieht in erster Linie anhand des in Wiaga gesprochenen Buli, wird aber durch die Bezugnahme auf andere Dialekte sowie auf verwandte Gursprachen ergänzt, beispielsweise hinsichtlich der Bewertung tonaler Divergenzen in Nominalklassensuffixen oder in Assoziativkonstruktionen. Die autosegmental angelegte Tonstudie verfolgt keine theoretischen Ziele, sondern hat sich unmittelbar aus dem Bedarf einer adäquaten Beschreibung der synchronen Sprache ergeben, in der Ton sowohl in lexikalischer als auch in grammatischer Hinsicht ganz zentrale Aufgaben übernimmt. Dabei wurden neben regelmäßigen Ton–Sandhi-Erscheinungen (Tieftonausbreitung) auch interessante Phänomene an den Schnittstellen der Phonologie zur Syntax und zur Semantik-Pragmatik vorgefunden, z.B. die tonale Kongruenz bestimmter Verbformen mit der Diskursrolle des Subjekts (+/- Diskurspartizipant, d.h. 1./2. Person vs. 3. Person) oder das Vorkommen eines Grenztons an äußerungsfinalen Morphemen, zu denen auch die Klassensuffixe indefiniter Substantive und enklitische Objektpronomen am Verb gehören. Im Rahmen der morphosyntaktischen Analysen wurde unter anderem ein aus typologischer Sicht spannender nominaler Kompositionstyp identifiziert, der sich neben seinen strukturellen Eigenschaften auch durch eine spezifische possessive Semantik auszeichnet und vermutlich an der Entwicklung von attributiven (qualifizierenden) Adjektiven und eines von zwei Zahlwörtern für ‘eins’ beteiligt war.This work deals with different aspects of the morphosyntax and tonology in Buli, a Gur language of the Niger-Congo-Phylum, which is spoken in Ghana (Upper East Region near the border to Burkina Faso) and has so far been described insufficiently. The grammatical description provides an extensive insight into the linguistic system of Buli and contains chapters concerning the following topics: phonology, noun class system, pronominal system, complex noun phrases and nominal syntagmata, and verb system. It is primarily based on the Buli variant spoken in Wiaga and supplemented by reference to other dialects as well as to related Gur languages, for instance with regard to tonal divergencies in noun class suffixes and in associative constructions. Following an autosegmental model, the tonal study does not aim at theoretic enhancement, but results directly from the need of an adequate description of the synchronic language in which tone plays an important role in lexicon and grammar. Besides regular Tone-Sandhi (Low tone spreading), interesting phenomena at the phonology/syntax interface as well as at the phonology/semantics-pragmatics interface were observed – e.g. some verb forms displaying tonal agreement with the discourse role of the subject (+/- discourse participant, i.e. 1st / 2nd vs. 3rd person) or the appearance of a boundary tone on utterance-final morphemes, including the noun class suffixes of indefinite nouns and the enclitic object pronouns at the verb. In the course of the morphosyntactic analysis, a typologically remarkable nominal compound type was identified that is distinguished by structural features as well as by specific possessive semantics and can be assumed to be involved in the development of attributive (qualifying) adjectives and one of two numerals with the meaning ‘one’.
18
Avala, Usha Kranthi. "Ionic Conductivity in Non-Ionic Compounds." TopSCHOLAR®, 2013. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1279.
Full textAbstract:
The main objective of this work is to investigate the ionic conductivity of the drugs under certain conditions and also to compare the ionic conductivities of drugs determined by single surface sensors and parallel plate sensors. The ionic conductivity of various materials at their pre-melt and melt states are studied in order to further study a recently discovered phenomenon. Polar solids like Lidocaine, Ketoconazole, Procainamide and Nifedipine were examined in this study. Experimental studies show an increase in ionic conductivity in both pre-melt (20 -30 °C below melting temperature) and melt transition regions. Results of ionic conductivity of both parallel plate and single surface sensor at different frequencies are compared. At 1000 Hz, all the samples show an increase in ionic conductivity with both parallel plate and single surface sensor, but at 0.1 Hz frequency, no increase in ionic conductivity is observed with parallel plate sensor except for Nifedipine.
19
Martinez, Jorge Matadamas. "AXEL : a framework to deal with ambiguity in three-noun compounds." Thesis, Brunel University, 2010. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/4774.
Full textAbstract:
Cognitive Linguistics has been widely used to deal with the ambiguity generated by words in combination. Although this domain offers many solutions to address this challenge, not all of them can be implemented in a computational environment. The Dynamic Construal of Meaning framework is argued to have this ability because it describes an intrinsic degree of association of meanings, which in turn, can be translated into computational programs. A limitation towards a computational approach, however, has been the lack of syntactic parameters. This research argues that this limitation could be overcome with the aid of the Generative Lexicon Theory (GLT). Specifically, this dissertation formulated possible means to marry the GLT and Cognitive Linguistics in a novel rapprochement between the two. This bond between opposing theories provided the means to design a computational template (the AXEL System) by realising syntax and semantics at software levels. An instance of the AXEL system was created using a Design Research approach. Planned iterations were involved in the development to improve artefact performance. Such iterations boosted performance-improving, which accounted for the degree of association of meanings in three-noun compounds. This dissertation delivered three major contributions on the brink of a so-called turning point in Computational Linguistics (CL). First, the AXEL system was used to disclose hidden lexical patterns on ambiguity. These patterns are difficult, if not impossible, to be identified without automatic techniques. This research claimed that these patterns can assist audiences of linguists to review lexical knowledge on a software-based viewpoint. Following linguistic awareness, the second result advocated for the adoption of improved resources by decreasing electronic space of Sense Enumerative Lexicons (SELs). The AXEL system deployed the generation of “at the moment of use” interpretations, optimising the way the space is needed for lexical storage. Finally, this research introduced a subsystem of metrics to characterise an ambiguous degree of association of three-noun compounds enabling ranking methods. Weighing methods delivered mechanisms of classification of meanings towards Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD). Overall these results attempted to tackle difficulties in understanding studies of Lexical Semantics via software tools.
20
Marek, Ilane. "Syntheses enantioselectives et diastereoselectives d'allenes fonctionnalises ou non." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066392.
Full textAbstract:
Il a ete montre que des allenes pouvaient etre obtenus a partir d'ethers propargyliques et d'organomagnesiens cuprocatalyses. Le mecanisme de cette reaction se decompose en une etape d'addition syn de l'organometallique sur la triple liaison et une etape d'elimination syn ou anti, selon la nature de l'halogene. Cette influence determinante de la nature des halogenes sur le deroulement stereochimique de la reaction a egalement ete observee lors de l'elimination d'organomagnesiens vinyliques. Il a ete montre, de plus, que les reactions de formation d'allenes, a partir de composes propargyliques possedant de bons groupes partants, etaient insensibles aux effets d'halogenes
21
Lawrence, Heather Bunting Elizabeth. "Organometallic compounds with non-linear optical properties." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.276835.
Full text
22
Eguchi, Gaku. "Non-centrosymmetric superconductivity in d-electron compounds." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/175101.
Full text
23
Lu, Yi. "Periodicity and ruin probabilities for compound non-homogeneous Poisson processes." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ59274.pdf.
Full text
24
Trew, David Frank. "Analytical methods for non-volatile N-nitroso compounds." Thesis, Open University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317324.
Full text
25
DINIZ, PAULA SANTOS. "THE SEMANTIC CLASSIFICATION OF TECHNICAL COMPOUND NOUNS AND THEIR TRANSLATION TO PORTUGUESE." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2010. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=30060@1.
Full textAbstract:
PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
Este trabalho propõe uma classificação semântica dos compostos nominais técnicos em língua inglesa e a análise sintática e semântica das traduções para o português. Para tanto, faz-se um panorama da literatura sobre as relações semânticas dos compostos nominais em língua inglesa. A tipologia aqui proposta é, portanto, baseada em estudos clássicos sobre a semântica dos compostos nominais (Levi, 1978; Warren, 1978) e em pesquisas mais recentes — inseridas no escopo da Linguística Computacional e ou influenciadas pela Teoria do Léxico Gerativo, de Pustejovsky (1995) —, e adaptada para a natureza dos compostos nominais selecionados. A presente dissertação também analisa as traduções dos compostos nominais técnicos para o português, bem como a função das preposições nas estruturas com sintagmas preposicionados. O corpus foi retirado de um livro técnico da área de engenharia elétrica/eletrônica traduzido pela autora. Além da classificação semântica dos compostos nominais técnicos, propõe-se a criação de ontologias que contemplem os compostos com os mesmos núcleos ou modificadores, de modo a observar se núcleos ou modificadores iguais implicam a mesma categorização, e se é respeitada a relação de hiperonímia e hiponímia entre os compostos nominais inseridos na mesma ontologia.
The major purpose of this thesis is to suggest a semantic categorization of English technical noun compounds, as well as to analyze the semantics and syntax of the Portuguese renderings. First, the literature on semantic relations in English compound nouns is reviewed. The classification here suggested is therefore based on classic studies on the semantics of compound nouns (Levi, 1978; Warren, 1978) and on more recent research within the scope of Computational Linguistics, which are influenced by the Generative Lexicon Theory (Pustejovsky, 1995). The semantic categorization is also adapted to the data collected in this work. This thesis also analyzes the Portuguese translation of the English compound nouns, as well as the role of the prepositions in prepositional phrases. The data was taken from an electrical/electronics engineering book which was translated by the author. In addition to the semantic classification, the technical compound nouns are grouped together according to the head or modifiers of the structure, and assembled into ontologies. Compound nouns sharing a common head or modifier are grouped together, so as to investigate if there is a hypernym-hyponym relation among the compounds assembled in the same ontology.
26
Kui, Chi-fai. "Non-covalent weak interactions in group IV, PT(II) and AU(I) organometallic complexes synthesis, structures and properties /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B32021331.
Full text
27
高寶鴻 and Po-hung Ko. "Syntheses, structures and reactivities of some ruthenium, manganese and osmium complexes of non-porphyrin chelating multi-anionic ligands." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31235906.
Full text
28
Ko, Po-hung. "Syntheses, structures and reactivities of some ruthenium, manganese and osmium complexes of non-porphyrin chelating multi-anionic ligands /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18611862.
Full text
29
Rezaei, Bahram. "Overbank flow in compound channels with prismatic and non-prismatic floodplains." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.564484.
Full textAbstract:
Two sets of experiments have been undertaken in compound channels with prismatic and nonprismatic floodplains with different floodplain widths and convergence angles in order to investigate flow behaviour in two-stage channels. Measurements were made of water surface profile, depth-averaged velocity, boundary shear stress distributions and velocity distributions and the results are presented in graphical and tabulated form. Empirical equations have been derived from each type of compound channel, allowing predictions to be made concerning the resistance parameters, n and f, the discharge, Q, the proportion of total flow in sub-areas, %Qj, the evolution of flow in the main channel and on the floodplain along the converging part of the flume, the boundary shear forces, SFj, and the apparent shear forces at a vertical and horizontal interface between the main channel and the floodplain, for a given stage, H. The percentage of flow in the main channel and on the floodplain, as well as the percentage of the boundary shear forces carried by each element in different sections of the compound channel with non-prismatic floodplains, were then compared with the prismatic floodplain cases with the same geometry. The results of these two sets of experiments indicate that they follow the same pattern, although there are some differences due to the effects of backwater and convergence in the flume. The apparent shear forces on a vertical interface, ASFv, are however remarkably different. Based on momentum balance, an analytical approach was developed to estimate the water surface profile in non-prismatic compound channels with different convergence angles, 9. The calculated water surface profiles compared well with the measured ones. It is shown that the Shiono and Knight Method (SKM) predicted lateral distributions of the depth-averaged velocity and boundary shear stress well, especially for prismatic compound channels with wide floodplains. Furthermore, there is a good agreement between the measured and predicted distributions in non-prismatic compound channels, provided the energy slope, Se,is used instead of the bed slope, So. The experimental results were then also used to calibrate the two parameter, ",t, and ",g, in the Exchange Discharge Model (EDM). This revealed that the calibration of the turbulent exchange parameter, wt strongly depends on the Manning's roughness coefficient. In term of compound channels with non-prismatic floodplains it is also shown that the EDM always overestimates the flow discharge for a specific stage.
30
Lee, Daniel E. "Development of Non-Traditional Platinum Anticancer Agents: trans-Platinum Planar Amine Compounds and Polynuclear Platinum Compounds." VCU Scholars Compass, 2015. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3809.
Full textAbstract:
Development of Non-Traditional Platinum Anticancer Agents: trans-Platinum Planar Amine Compounds and Polynuclear Platinum Compounds
By Daniel E. Lee, Ph.D.
A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Virginia Commonwealth University.
Virginia Commonwealth University, 2015
Major Director: Nicholas P Farrell, Ph.D., Professor, Department of Chemistry
Platinum anticancer compounds with cis geometry, similar to cisplatin, have been explored to circumvent the cisplatin resistance; however, they were not considered broadly active in cisplatin cells due to exhibiting similar or same cell death mechanism as cisplatin. Platinum compounds with trans geometry were less studied due to transplatin being clinically inactive; but with few structural modifications, they resulted in unaffected cytotoxic activities in cisplatin resistant cells with structural modification by exhibiting different modes of DNA binding. This research focused on further exploring and establishing structure-activity relationship of two promising non-classical series of platinum compounds with trans-geometry: trans-platinum planar amine (TPA) compounds and noncovalently binding polynuclear platinum compounds (PPC-NC).
During this research, further optimizations of the reactivity of TPA compounds were accomplished by modifying the leaving carboxylate groups. The effects of modified reactivity were probed by a systematic combination of chemical and biophysical assays, followed by evaluating their biological effects in cells. To establish the structural-activity relationship of PPC-NCs, Mono-, Di-, Tri-, and Tetraplatin NC with charge of 4+, 6+, 8+, and 10+ were synthesized and evaluated by utilizing biophysical and biological assays. Lastly, a new class of polynuclear platinum compounds, Hybrid-PPCs, were synthesized and evaluated to overcome the pharmacokinetic problems of BBR3464, phase II clinical trial anticancer drug developed previously in our laboratory.
31
Freeman, Richard Neil Templar. "The total synthesis of non-beta-lactam antibiotics." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.257963.
Full text
32
Kashoulis-Koupparis, A. "The photochemistry of non-conjugated naphthyl-vinyl bichromophoric compounds." Thesis, University of Reading, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.354083.
Full text
33
Solling, Daniel. "Zur Getrennt‑, Zusammen‑ und Bindestrichschreibung von Substantivkomposita im Deutschen (1550–1710)." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Tyska, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-179270.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis investigates the changes in whether compound nouns were closed (written as one word), open (written as separate words) or hyphenated in Early New High German between 1550 and 1710. Due to the fact that there were no orthographic norms in the German of this time, graphematic phenomena in this period of the German language are very fruitful to examine. The study is based on a corpus of 249 sermons in 90 different postils. Since this thesis aims to show a diachronic development, the corpus texts originate from six time windows centred around the years 1550, 1570, 1600, 1620, 1660 and 1710. The results of the study show a general development from 1550, when around 80% of the occurrences of compound nouns were written as one word, to 1620, when this way of writing dominated almost entirely. In the texts from the last two time windows, the hyphenation spreads, and by 1710, nearly two thirds of the instances of compound nouns were written with a hyphen. The present study also shows that the geographical origin of a text is of lesser importance for the writing of compound nouns as one word, separate words or with a hyphen. However, the distinction between genuine compound nouns (a compound noun with the modifier in an unmarked case) and artificial ones (a compound noun with the modifier in an oblique case) seems to be of greater relevance. The artificial compound nouns are closed to a lesser extent in the period between 1550 and 1620 and hyphenated to a higher extent from 1660 onwards than the genuine compound nouns. In a second part of the study, the compound nouns of the different time windows are examined from a lexical point of view, showing that many compound noun lexemes were almost consistently written in the same way (either as one word, as separate words, or with a hyphen) in all occurrences within each time window.
34
Kui, Chi-fai, and 居智輝. "Non-covalent weak interactions in group IV, PT(II) and AU(I) organometallic complexes: synthesis,structures and properties." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B32021331.
Full text
35
Wolter, Eike. "Plätscherbrunnen und Fernwehglitzern : Zur Übersetzung von Nominalkomposita aus einem deutschen Reisebericht ins Schwedische." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-65077.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigates strategies used when translating compound nouns from German to Swedish. The source text translated and used for the analysis stems from the travel book Couchsurfing im Iran. Meine Reise hinter verschlossene Türen by Stephan Orth (2015). The focus of the study is twofold: 1) examining established compounds and 2) ad hoc compounds. The quantitative part of the analysis is based on Fleischer/Barz’ (2007) morphological classification of compound nouns and Vinay/Darbelnet’s (1995/2004) translation procedures, and also forms the basis for the qualitative analysis. The quantitative analysis shows that while nearly 60% of the established compound nouns were translated literally, quite a large number were rendered using other strategies, mainly paraphrases with nominal phrases. The translations of the ad hoc compounds showed the reverse pattern: only 36% were translated literally, while nearly 60% were translated with nominal phrases. The qualitative analysis suggests four major explanations for these shifts. The first is morphological limitation, where the Swedish language in some instances does not allow a certain word to be used as a compound modifier. The second is language preference, where a tendency towards a more verbal paraphrase in Swedish was noticed. The third is based on Toury’s law of growing standardization, which states that translations tend to be more explicit, in this case preferring longer and more transparent paraphrases to denser compounds. The fourth explanation is the lexical gap where ad hoc compounds proved to be particularly difficult to translate when one of their units did not have a direct counterpart in Swedish.
36
Chan, Sau-han, and 陳秀嫻. "Non-heme iron(III) and gold(III) complexes with dicarboxamide ligands: synthesis, structures and anti-cancerproperties." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39557984.
Full text
37
Lovén, Åsa. "IP, KI und Robo 3D : Zur Übersetzung von Akronymen − eine deutsch-schwedische Übersetzungsanalyse." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-98036.
Full text
38
Estrela, Pedro Miguel de Lemos Correia. "Non-fermi liquid behaviour in uranium-based heavy-fermion compounds." Amsterdam : Amsterdam : [s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2000. http://dare.uva.nl/document/83462.
Full text
39
Lamberth, Curt. "Design of non-linear optical materials based on inorganic compounds." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:371027ea-771e-495b-96b1-ee35247fe693.
Full textAbstract:
This Thesis is concerned with the prediction, synthesis, characterization and testing of inorganic materials for Second Harmonic Generation (SHG). Chapter One describes the fundamentals of non-linear optics, and poses the problems, and some of their solutions which confront the synthetic chemist and the theoretical prediction of the second order hyperpolarizability constant β using CNDOVSB calculations. Chapter Two describes the design, implementation and calibration of an apparatus for measurements of the second harmonic generating efficiency of solids based on the Kurtz powder technique, and a solvatochromic method for the determination of β. Novel compounds with potential chirality due to atropisomerism, asymmetric octahedral structures, and asymmetric tetrahedral symmetry of metal centers are discussed in Chapters Three to Five. Chapter Three surveys the use of pentane-2,4-dionato- ligands and their coordination compounds as possible NLO active materials. The single crystal X-ray structures of bis(triphenylphosphine)(4-nitrobenzoylacetonato)palladium(II) tetrafluoroborate and tris(triphenylphosphine)[3-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)-pentane-2,4-dionato]palladium(II) tetrafluoroborate were determined. Chapter Four describes the syntheses, characterization and SHG properties of trans-β-ionylidenecyanoacetic acid (2-cyano-3-methyl-5-(2,6,6-trimethyl-l-cyclohexen-1- yl)-2,4-pentadienoic acid) and some of its metal and non-metal salts. Chapter Five describes the synthesis, characterization and second harmonic generation properties of some platinum(II) and palladium(II) complexes of β- ionylidenecyanoacetic acid. Chapter Six describes the use of conventional asymmetric carbon centers to introduce chirality into centrosymmetric compounds. The chiral compound (L)-N-[2-cyano- 3-methyl-5-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1 -cyclohexene-1 -yl)-2,4-pentadiene-1 -one]-L-proline and some of its salts were synthesized from β-ionylidenecyanoaeetic acid and tested for SHG.
40
Davidson, James M. "Non-volatile flavour compounds in foods : their analysis and interactions." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324010.
Full text
41
Chan, Sau-han. "Non-heme iron(III) and gold(III) complexes with dicarboxamide ligands synthesis, structures and anti-cancer properties /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/HKUTO/record/B39557984.
Full text
42
Fernandez, Salazar Franz Rene. "A thermodynamic study on cation dibenzocryptand 222 and cation-dibenzo 18 crown 6 complexation in non-aqueous media." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1988. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/844484/.
Full textAbstract:
A general review on macrocyclic ligands with particular emphasis to dibenzocryptand 222 and dibenzo 18 crown 6 is given in the first part of the thesis (Chapter 1). This is followed by an exhaustive literature survey on the stability constants (hence free energies of complexing), enthalpies and entropies of metal cations with cryptands (dibenzocryptand 222, benzocryptand 222, cryptand 222) and crown ethers (dibenzo 18 crown 6, benzo 18 crown 6, 18 crown 6) in water and in non-aqueous solvents at 298.15 (Chapter 2). The experimental part (Chapter 3) also includes a detailed description of the principals involved in calorimetry as well as the methods used for the calculation of reaction enthalpies. Stability constant data for alkali-metal and silver cations with dibenzocryptand 222 in five dipolar aprotic solvents (N,N dimethyl-formamide, dimethylsulphoxide, acetonitrile, propylene carbonate and nitromethane) at 298.15 K are reported. These data are used to calculate the standard free energies of the complexation process involving metal(I) cations and dibenzocryptand 222 in the dipolar aprotic solvents. Free energy data are combined with enthalpy data obtained in this work in order to evaluate the entropies of complexation of these cations with dibenzocryptand 222 in these solvents. A linear correlation previously shown for metal(I) cations and cryptand 222 in DMF, Me2SO, AN, PC and NM between entropies of complexing and entropies of solvation of metal(I) cations in dipolar aprotic solvents is also found for dibenzocryptand 222. The results obtained in this thesis provide further evidence that the complexation process with metal (I) cations and cryptands is mainly controlled by the state of solvation of the cation in the solvent. Enthalpies of solution of dibenzocryptand 222 in the dipolar aprotic solvents are reported and the thermodynamic parameters for the extraction process in the water + nitromethane solvent system as described by M+(H2O) + 22B2B(NM) → M+22B2B (NM) are calculated (Chapter 4). Thermodynamic parameters of solution and transfer of dibenzo 18 crown 6 are discussed with respect to corresponding data for dibenzocryptand 222. The transfer free energies of metal ion dibenzocoronates from water to a number of solvents are calculated and it is shown that, unlike cryptates, there is an interaction between the complexed cation and the solvent in metal ion dibenzocoronates in dipolar aprotic media. Thermodynamic parameters of complexation for alkali-metal and dibenzo 18 crown 6 in acetonitrile are reported. The complexation process seems to be enthalpically and entropically controlled (Chapter 5). Synthesis of crown compounds and heats of solution of 18 crown 6 carried out at several temperatures as well as DeltaCp values in water are presented in Chapter 6.
43
Kronvall, Maria. "Translating emergency medicine from English to Swedish : A translation study on noun compounds in medical terminology." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-65511.
Full text
44
Green, Brita Elisabet. "Noun compounds in the language of Harry Martinson : a study in creative word-formation and usage." Thesis, University of Hull, 1989. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:13030.
Full textAbstract:
This investigation began as frustration - frustration, during my attempts at translating Harry Martinson's poetry at being unable to find adequate English equivalents for most of his compounds. The frustration developed into curiosity about the nature of the compounds and their use. The thesis is the result of that curiosity. I have studied the compounds from both linguistic and stylistic points of view. One chapter concerns numbers. Very nearly 4,500 (some 3,500 different) noun compounds have been excerpted from almost 92,000 words of Harry Martinson's published poetry. In addition, some thousand compounds have been excerpted from the manuscript poems in the Harry Martinson archive in Uppsala University Library. Whereas every attempt has been made to be accurate in word-counts and calculations, comparisons across tables may reveal minor discrepancies. Manually calculated figures do not always exactly match the numbers indicated by computer calculations. This may be a result of human error, whether in the manual calculations or in the typing in of the data, but it may also be caused by such factors as compounds appearing in prose passages and section titles (included in some calculations, not in others) or in poems included in more than one collection. In small-scale manual calculations, allowance can be made for such factors, but it is not usually possible to foresee all the repercussions of such adjustments on all other calculations and tables. I am confident that the discrepancies are in no case of a magnitude to affect the conclusions drawn from the figures.
45
Marais, Eloise Ann. "Non-methane volatile organic compounds in Africa: a vew from space." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11313.
Full textAbstract:
Isoprene emissions affect human health, air quality, and the oxidative capacity of the atmosphere. Globally anthropogenic non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC) emissions are lower than that of isoprene, but local hotspots are hazardous to human health and air quality. In Africa the tropics are a large source of isoprene, while Nigeria appears as a large contributor to regional anthropogenic NMVOC emissions. I make extensive use of space-based formaldehyde (HCHO) observations from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and the chemical transport model (CTM) GEOS-Chem to estimate and examine seasonality of isoprene emissions across Africa, and identify sources and air quality consequences of anthropogenic NMVOC emissions in Nigeria.Earth and Planetary Sciences
46
Dixon, S. M. "Lyoluminescence of irradiated organic compounds in aqueous and non-aqueous solvents." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.377610.
Full textAbstract:
Lyoluminescence (LL) of the phosphors glutamine and mannose was used to determine instrument stability, reproducibility of readings, sensitivity and lowest detectable dose in order to evaluate the performance of the Aberdeen LL Research Reader (before and after modifications) and compare it with commercially available luminometers. The dependence of the LL yield on mass of dissolved glutamine, the sample's irradiation temperature, and solvent temperature were investigated and correction factors determined. Heat treatment was found to remove the dependence on pre- and post-irradiation storage time. Using aqueous LL dosimetry of glutamine, unknown doses in the range 10Gy to 3kGy were determined with overall accuracy and precision of 2% and 5% respectively during the 1982 IAEA Dose Intercomparison trials. Factors affecting the LL of mannose in water and methanol were compared, and a 20-fold increase in LL yield was reported using the latter solvent. Various attempts to enhance the LL yield from glutamine and mannose were made: Enhancements, of up to 105 times, caused by the oxidation of luminol, lucigenin, lophine and trichlorophenol oxalate by the primary species in LL were observed, but increased background readings due to self-glow caused there to be no advantage in overall sensitivity. Enhancement factors (EF) up to 100 were obtained using glutamine LL in free and chelated rare earth ion solutions, as a result of intermolecular energy transfer from excited organic molecules in solution. However, the enhancement was found to be dose dependent. By employing dibromoanthracene sulphonate, rubrene, eosin and reduced lucigenin, all of which respond to singlet oxygen, EF of up to 10 were achieved in LL of mannose. Finally, as the use of aqueous solutions was found to severely limit the possible phosphor/enhancer combinations, the LL of some carboxylic acids in alcoholic media was investigated. These were found to be less sensitive LL phosphors than either mannose or glutamine.
47
McAdams, Christopher Lee. "Polymers and photoactive compounds for non-chemically amplified deep-UV photoresists /." Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3004335.
Full text
48
Hayes, Lilian M. "Porous complexes for the unambiguous structural determination of non-crystalline compounds." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2017. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1575727/.
Full textAbstract:
The ability of the metal-organic framework (MOF) [{(ZnI2)3(tris(4-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine)2(solvent)}n] (1) to act as a so-called ‘crystalline sponge’ for the analysis of non-crystalline compounds via single-crystal X-ray diffraction has be assessed. A variety of guest-encapsulation studies have been performed to investigate the most reliable protocol for its synthesis, the scope of guest encapsulation and the guest-host interactions formed. Repeat encapsulation experiments demonstrated the reproducibility of the technique and that guest molecules take up specific sites within the unit cell consistently albeit with minor variations in orientation and disorder. Systematic studies of guest-host interactions were subsequently undertaken to develop an understanding of the crystalline sponge and how it displays such unique properties of guest ordering. Analysis of encapsulation compounds with chemically related guests showed many sites within the unit cell are consistently favourable, governed by π···π and CH···π interactions. A minority of positions are taken up by guests only of specific functionality, through the formation of specific guest-host and guest-guest aromatic interactions, van der Waals interactions and hydrogen bonds. Parallel work has sought to develop alternative crystalline sponges through reticular synthesis for the encapsulation of guest molecules of variable steric requirement. Three organic compounds based on the functionality of tris(4-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine (used in 1) have been synthesised using Stille and Suzuki coupling reactions. Together they form an isoreticular series of potential linkers with similar functionality and chemical whilst displaying systematic increases in size. Work focused on developing solvothermal and/or interfacial synthesise to produce novel MOFs in single-crystalline form for future use as crystalline sponges.
49
Lovejoy, Katherine Summer 1981. "Non-traditional platinum compounds for improved cellular accumulation and tumor targeting." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/55091.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemistry, 2009.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Vita.
Includes bibliographical references.
Chapter 1. Introduction to Non-Traditional Platinum Compounds for Improved Uptake, Oral Bioavailability, and Tumor Targeting The path to more potent platinum anticancer drugs with fewer side effects lies in the exploration of non-traditional platinum compounds, which do not necessarily contain the canonical ligand set of two labile leaving groups and two am(m)ine ligands. Cationic, platinum(IV), and multinuclear complexes are considered. Advances in tumor targeting using platinum complexes are also discussed. Chapter 2. Structure-Activity Relationship for the Uptake of Platinum(ll) Compounds by Human Organic Cation Transporters Although the platinum-based anticancer drugs cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin form similar adducts on DNA, only oxaliplatin is active in colorectal cancer. Human organic cation transporters hOCT1 and hOCT2 markedly increase oxaliplatin, but not cisplatin or carboplatin, accumulation and potency in cells. These transporters are also present in human colorectal cancers and are likely to play an important role in the efficacy of oxaliplatin. Chapter 3. Synthesis of Pt(llI) and Pt(IV) Compounds for Uptake by the Organic Cation Transporters: Extension of Structure-Activity Relationships A structure-activity relationship for the cellular accumulation of platinum compounds due to the organic cation transporters was developed and extended to design cationic compounds as particularly potent colorectal cancer drugs.
(cont.) Chapter 4. Pyriplatin, cis-[Pt(NH3)2(pyridine)CI]CI, a Monofunctional, Cationic Platinum(llI) Antitumor Agent A cationic, monofunctional platinum(II) complex, cis-[Pt(NH3)2(py)CI]CI or pyriplatin, was synthesized and found to be an excellent substrate for the human organic cation transporters 1 and 2. Pyriplatin displays what appears to be a unique mechanism of action in cancer cells. The repair of DNA damage induced by pyriplatin and the inhibition of RNA polymerase II by pyriplatin-DNA adducts are implicated in the mechanism. Chapter 5. Characterization of the Role of HMGBI in Cellular Response to Cisplatin Cisplatin-DNA adducts are recognized by the nuclear protein and cytokine HMGB1. The contribution of HMGB1 to the potency of cisplatin is explored in the presence of androgens, retinoic acid, or under reducing conditions. HMGB1 binds more tightly to cisplatin-DNA adducts in the presence of 10 mM DTT. Chapter 6. Pre-Clinical Evaluation of Pyriplatin Pyriplatin was evaluated in human cancer cell lines for the purpose of gathering information for future Phase I trials. Pyriplatin has a unique cytotoxicity profile that is distinct from that of either the "platinum dach" class of compounds or cisplatin. The distinct profile suggests a significantly different mechanism of action than either oxaliplatin or cisplatin. Pyriplatin is about 10-fold less potent than either oxaliplatin or cisplatin. Although the compound shows synergy in combination with taxol or cisplatin in vitro, the drug is unlikely to be developed clinically due to its low potency. Chapter 7. Pre-Clinical Evaluation of Mitaplatin Mitaplatin, c,c,t-[Pt(NH3)2C12(O2CCHC 2)2], was evaluated as a drug for potential Phase I clinical trials.
(cont.) The cytotoxicity profile, cell cycle inhibition results, and potential predictive factors (correlation of mRNA levels vs. IC50 values) suggest that mitaplatin acts very similarly to cisplatin. The results are supported by a correlation factor of 0.719 between the two compounds, found using the NClI's COMPARE algorithm. Although it is a promising dual functional platform for the delivery of both cisplatin and dichloroacetic acid, the results obtained closely resemble those for cisplatin and advantages of the dichloroacetic acid delivery are not apparent in data collected in this work. Appendix A. Examination of the Platination of Plasmid DNA in Carbonate Buffer Appendix B. Cellular Properties of a Cell-Permeable Zn2+-Sensitive MRI Contrast Agent and the Effect of Zinc Chelators on Cisplatin Cytotoxicity
by Katherine Summer Lovejoy.
Ph.D.
50
Abaniwonda, Modupe. "Polycyclic compounds as carriers for neuroactive non- steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs." University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5693.
Full textAbstract:
Magister Pharmaceuticae - MPharmRecent scientific findings have highlighted the beneficial roles of polycyclic cage compounds in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Further interest into the chemistry of these compounds is stimulated by their remarkable ability to improve the pharmacokinetics profile of known neuroprotective agents. As potent lipophilic scaffolds, they can be employed to target the brain delivery of desired compounds. Inflammation is a key mediator of neuronal cell's degeneration as activated microglia and other inflammatory mediators propagate oxidative damage and neuronal loss. Epidemiological and clinical evidence suggests that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) slow down the progression and onset of neurodegenerative diseases. The beneficial effects of NSAIDs in ND can be attributed to their ability to inhibit cyclooxygenase enzymes thereby halting the biosynthesis of prostaglandins (PG) which are powerful mediators of inflammation. NSAIDs also inhibit the expression of pro- inflammatory genes. Despite their potential neuroprotective activity, NSAIDs are poorly lipophilic due to the presence of polar carboxylic acid groups and will therefore ionise at physiological pH, deterring them from reaching the desired site of action in the central nervous system (CNS).