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1

Rodas, Méndez Ana Lucía. "MtSUPERMAN controls the number of flowers per inflorescence and floral organs in the inner three whorls of Medicago truncatula." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/171474.

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[ES] Las leguminosas son un grupo de plantas consideradas de gran importancia por su valor nutricional para la alimentación humana y ganadera. Además, las familias de leguminosas se caracterizan por rasgos distintivos de desarrollo como su inflorescencia compuesta y su compleja ontogenia floral. Para comprender mejor estas características distintivas, es importante estudiar los genes reguladores clave involucrados en el desarrollo de la inflorescencia y la flor. El gen SUPERMAN (SUP) es un factor transcripcional de dedos de zinc (Cys2-Hys2) considerado como un represor activo que controla el número de estambres y carpelos en A. thaliana. Además, SUP está involucrado en la terminación del meristemo floral y el desarrollo de los tejidos derivados del carpelo. El objetivo principal de este trabajo fue la caracterización funcional del ortólogo de SUP en la leguminosa modelo Medicago truncatula (MtSUP). Logramos este objetivo en base a un enfoque de genética reversa, análisis de expresión génica y ensayos de complementación y sobreexpresión. Nuestros resultados muestran que MtSUP es el gen ortólogo de SUP en M. truncatula. MtSUP comparte algunos de los roles ya descritos para SUP con algunas variaciones. Curiosamente, MtSUP controla la determinación del meristemo inflorescente secundario (I2) y de los primordios comunes (CP) a pétalos y estambres. Por tanto, MtSUP controla el número de flores y de pétalos-estambres que producen el meristemo I2 y los primordios comunes, respectivamente. MtSUP muestra funciones novedosas para un gen de tipo SUP, desempeñando papeles clave en los meristemos que confieren complejidad de desarrollo a esta familia de angiospermas. Este trabajo permitió identificar a MtSUP, un gen clave que forma parte de la red reguladora genética que subyace al desarrollo de la inflorescencia compuesta y de las flores en la leguminosa modelo M. truncatula.
[CA] Les lleguminoses són un gran grup de plantes considerades de gran importància pel seu valor nutricional per a l'alimentació humana i ramadera. A més, les famílies de lleguminoses es caracteritzen per trets distintius de desenrotllament com la seua inflorescència composta i la seua complexa ontogènia floral. Per a comprendre millor estes característiques distintives, és important estudiar els gens reguladors clau involucrats en la inflorescència i el desenrotllament floral. El gen SUPERMAN (SUP) és un factor transcripcional de dits de zinc (Cys2-Hys2) considerat com un repressor actiu que controla el nombre d'estams i carpels en A. thaliana. A més, SUP està involucrat en la terminació del meristemo floral i el desenrotllament dels teixits derivats del carpel. "L'objectiu principal d'este treball va ser la caracterització funcional de l'ortòleg de SUP en la lleguminosa model Medicago truncatula (MtSUP) . Aconseguim l'objectiu amb base en un enfocament genètic invers, anàlisi d'expressió gènica i assajos de complementació i sobreexpressió. Els nostres resultats mostren que MtSUP és el gen ortòleg de SUP en M. truncatula. MtSUP compartix alguns dels rols ja descrits per a SUP amb variacions. Curiosament, MtSUP està involucrat en la determinació del meristemo de la inflorescència secundària (I2) i els primordios comuns (CP). Per tant, MtSUP controla el nombre de flors i pètals-estams que produïxen el meristemo I2 i els primordios comuns, respectivament. MtSUP mostra funcions noves per a un gen tipus SUP, exercint papers clau en els meristemos que conferixen complexitat de desenrotllament a esta família d'angiospermes. "Este treball va permetre identificar a MtSUP, un gen clau que forma part de la xarxa reguladora genètica darrere de la inflorescència composta i el desenrotllament de flors en la lleguminosa model M. truncatula.
[EN] Legumes are a large group of plants considered of great importance for their nutritional value in human and livestock nutrition. Besides, legume families are characterized by distinctive developmental traits as their compound inflorescence and complex floral ontogeny. For a better understanding of these distinctive features is important to study key regulatory genes involved in the inflorescence and floral development. The SUPERMAN (SUP) gene is a zinc-finger (Cys2-Hys2) transcriptional factor considered to be an active repressor that controls the number of stamens and carpels in A. thaliana. Moreover, SUP is involved in the floral meristem termination and the development of the carpel marginal derived tissues. The main objective of this work was the functional characterization of the SUP orthologue in the model legume Medicago truncatula (MtSUP). We achieved this objective based on a reverse genetic approach, gene expression analysis, and complementation and overexpression assays. Our results show that MtSUP is the orthologous gene of SUP in M. truncatula. MtSUP shares some of the roles already described for SUP with variations. Interestingly, MtSUP controls the determinacy of the secondary inflorescence (I2) meristem and the common primordia (CP). Thus, MtSUP controls the number of flowers and petal-stamens produced by the I2 meristem and the common primordia respectively. MtSUP displays novel functions for a SUP-like gene, playing key roles in the meristems that confer developmental complexity to this angiosperm family. This work allowed to identify MtSUP, a key gene that participates in the genetic regulatory network underlying compound inflorescence and flower development in the model legume M. truncatula.
I would like to thanks the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness for the grant (MINECO; BIO2016-75485-R) that supported this work. Special thanks to the Generalitat Valenciana for funding my doctorate with the Santiago Grisolía predoctoral scholarships
Rodas Méndez, AL. (2021). MtSUPERMAN controls the number of flowers per inflorescence and floral organs in the inner three whorls of Medicago truncatula [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/171474
TESIS
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2

Jerónimo, Isabel Brandão. "Probabilidades de ruína e o modelo binomial." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/918.

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Mestrado em Ciências Actuariais
Nesta dissertação, vamos apresentar o modelo binomial composto em tempo discreto e calcular probabilidades de ruína. Do ponto de vista da probabilidade de ruína em tempo finito, em vez de ter em linha de conta o instante temporal em que a ruína ocorre, estudamos a probabilidade da ruína ocorrer na n-ésima indemnizacão e o número de indem¬nizações ocorridas durante o período de recuperação do processo de risco. O nosso objectivo e, não só, obter resultados numéricos para estas probabilidades no modelo binomial como também conseguir aproximações às quantidades correspondentes no modelo clássico apresentadas em Egídio dos Reis (2002). A aproximação do processo contínuo ao processo discreto correspondente é feita através da discretização do processo de risco.
In this thesis, we present the discrete time compound binomial model and we consider a different approach concerning the probability of ruin in a finite horizon. Instead of taking into account the instant of ruin, we study the probability of ruin occurring at the n-th claim and the number of claims arriving during a recovery time period. Our purpose is, not only, to obtain numerical results for these probabilities in the bino¬mial model but also to get approximations for the corresponding quantities in the classical model presented by Egídio dos Reis (2002). The method used for the approximate calcu¬lation involves the discretization of the risk process.
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3

Zhang, Yujie. "Atmospheric measurements and degradation mechanisms of a number of volatile organic compounds." Thesis, Orléans, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ORLE2048.

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Les composés organiques carbonylés et les BTEX (Benzène, Toluène, Éthylbenzène et Xylènes) représentent une classe importante de composés organiques volatils dans l’atmosphère. Ils sont émis par des sources anthropogénique et biogéniques. Leur dégradation atmosphérique conduit à la formation d’ozone, de phooxidants et d’aérosols organiques affectant ainsi la qualité de l’air aux échelles locales et régionales ainsi que la santé humaine. Il est donc important de mesurer leurs concentrations et évaluer leur devenir atmosphérique. Dans la présente thèse, nous avons conduit une étude systématique qui a permis de mesurer les concentrations de ces composés et identifier leurs sources à Pékin (Juillet 2008-Août 2010) et évaluer l’importance des caractéristiques météo. Nous avons aussi mené des études sur la dégradation atmosphérique de trois formates (isoproyle, isobutyle et n-propyle) en utilisant la chambre de simulation atmosphérique d’ICARE (CNRS, Orléans)
Carbonyls and BTEX (Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, and Xylenes) represent an important class of VOCs (volatile organic compounds) in the atmosphere. They are emitted into the atmosphere through anthropogenic and biogenic sources. Their atmospheric degradation leads to the formation of ozone, photooxidants and organic aerosols affecting the air quality at the local and regional scales and human health. It is, hence, of importance to measure their atmospheric concentrations and investigate their fate. In the present thesis, we have conducted a systematic measurement study of carbonyls and BTEX in Beijing during the period of Jul 2008-Aug 2010 in order to evaluate their ambient levels, possible sources and the influence of characteristic weather conditions. In a separate work, we performed a series of experimental studies on the OH-initiated oxidation of isopropyl formate, isobutyl formate, and n-propyl isobutyrate using the ICARE-CNRS (Orleans) simulation chamber from which we derived the product yields. The data obtained are presented and discussed
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4

Tse, Hiu Wah. "Hydrothermal synthesis of metal carboxylate polymers using high coordination number metals /." View abstract or full-text, 2004. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CHEM%202004%20TSE.

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5

Iyer, Chitra C. "The Role of Muscle and Nerve in Spinal Muscular Atrophy." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1451568269.

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6

Habtu, Michael M. "A study of the transport, extraction and co-ordination chemistry of a number of thiourea ligands with a series of transition and post-transition metal ions." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97374.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In this study, a number of mono- and di-substituted acyl(aroyl)thioureas were investigated for potential application as specific carriers (ionophores) for the transport and extraction of Ag(l) from a mixture of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), and Pb(lI) ions. The experimental arrangement for the transport experiments employed a liquid membrane set up involving a 3-phase system - 2 aqueous phases (source and receiving phase) separated by a chloroform membrane incorporating the ligand. Competitive metal ion transport experiments were conducted using the liquid membrane set up. The aqueous source and receiving phases were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) and results were confirmed by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICPOES). The transport results show that the N,N-dialkyl-substituted-N'-acyl(aroyl) (HL) thioureas studied, with the exception of the N,N-di-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N'-benzoylthiourea (HL3 ) and N-piperidyl-N'-4-nitrobenzoylthiourea (HL9 ), were efficient and selective for Ag(I). HL9 was also selective for Ag(l) but not efficient. HL3 was selective for Cu(II). Under the experimental conditions employed, 13% Cu(lI) was transported by HL3 . Among the N,Ndialkyl- N'-aroylthioureas, maximum Ag(l) transport was obtained by using N,N-diethyl-N'-4- chlorobenzoylthiourea (HL5 ) and N,N-di-n-butyl-N'-benzoylthiourea (HL \ Under the experimental conditions employed, the percentages of Ag(l) transported by HL5 and HL 1 were 48% and 42% respectively. The transport selectivity and efficiency of 3,3,3' ,3'-tetraethyl-1 ,1'-isophthaloylbisthiourea (H2L12 ) and N,N-diethyl-N'-camphanoylthiourea (HL13)for Ag(l) were also studied. We were particularly interested, in comparing the Ag(l) transport and extraction efficiency of these ligands with that of the HL and H2L ligands. The experimental results reveal that, of all the ligands we investigated in this study, HL 13 was the most efficient and selective carrier for Ag(l) transport. The interesting result is that, depending on the ligand concentration used, HL 13 transported 71-81% of Ag(I). Competitive two-phase metal ion solvent extraction experiments were also performed under conditions similar to the transport studies. The results show that by varying the ligand concentration in the membrane phase, up to 100% Ag(l) can be selectively and efficiently extracted from the mixture of the seven metal ions. Finally, the N,N-di-(n)-butyl-N'-benzoylthiourea (HL1) ligand and its complex with Ag(l) were synthesized. Single crystals of the complex were grown for X-ray crystallography and the crystal and molecular structure of the complex was determined. The crystal structure showed that Ag(l) is bonded to the deprotonated ligand through the S,O atoms forming interesting cluster [Ag (L - S, 0)] 4 in the solid state. This structure is monoclinic and crystallizes in the space group P21!c with a = 17.805 (4) A, b = 21.759 (4) A, c = 36.438 (7) A, f3= 96.34(3)°, Z = 8 and a final R-factor of 5.4%.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In hierdie proefskrif is 'n aantal mono- en di-gesubstitueerde asiel(ariel) tioureums ondersoek vir moontlike gebruik as ionofore (spesifieke draers) vir die transportasie en ekstraksie van Ag(l) vanuit 'n mengsel van Co(ll), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), Ag(l) en Pb(lI) ione. 'n Drie-fase selsisteem is gebruik vir die transportasie eksperimente, twee waterige fases (bron- en ontvang-fase) wat geskei is met die chloroform membraan fase wat die ligande bevat. Kompeterende metaalioon transportasie eksperimente is uitgevoer met behulp van hierdie vloeistof membraan stelsel. Die twee waterige fases is deur middel van Atoomabsorpsie Spektroskopie (AAS) ge-analiseer en resultate is bevestig met gebruik van Induktief-gekoppelde Plasma-Optiese Emissie Spektroskopie (IGP-OES). Die resultate het getoon dat elkeen van die N,N-dialkiel-gesubstitueerde-N'-asiel(ariel) (HL) tioureums, met uitsondering van N,N-di(2-hidroksie-etiel)-N'-benzieltioureum(HL 3) en Npiperidiel- N'-4-nitrobenzieltioureum(HL9 ), doeltreffend en selektief was vir Ag(l) transportasie. HL9 was selektief vir Ag(I), maar die transportasie waarde was nie hoog nie, dws. dit was nie doeltreffend nie. HL3 was selektief vir Cu(II). Met gebruik van ons eksperimentele kondisies is 13% Cu(lI) getransporteer deur HL 3. Van die N,N-dialkiel-N'- ariel tioureums, is maksimum transportasie van Ag(l) verkry met gebruik van N,N-dietiel- N'-4-chlorobenzieltioureum (HL5) en N,N-di-n-butiel-N'-benzieltioureum (HL1). Met gebruik van ons eksperimentele kondisies was die persentasie transportasie van Ag(l) deur HL5 en HL 1 48% en 42% onderskeidelik. Die selektiwiteit en doeltreffendheid van 3,3,3' ,3'-tetra-etiel-1 ,t-isoftaltelblstioureumtl+L 12) en N,N-di-etiel-N'-kamfonieltioureum (HL13) vir Ag(l) transportasie is ook onderneem. Ons was besonder ge-interesseerd om die Ag(l) transportasie en ekstraksie van hierdie ligande te vergelyk met dié van die HL en H2L tipe ligande. Die eksperimentele resultate het getoon dat van al die ligande wat bestudeer is, HL 13 die doeltreffendste en mees selektiewe ionofoor was. Van besondere, belang was dat, afhangend van die ligand konsentrasie wat gebruik is, HL13 71-81% Ag(l) getransporteer het. Kompeterende twee-fase metaalioon vloeistof-vloeistof ekstraksie eksperimente is ook uitgevoer onder toestande soortgelyk aan dié van die transportasie eksperimente. Die resultate toon dat met varierende ligand konsentrasie, tot soveel as 100% Ag(l) selektief en doeltreffend geëkstrakeer word vanuit 'n mengsel van die sewe metaal ione. N,N-di-n-butiel-N'-benzieltioureum (HL1 ) ligande en die kompleks daarvan met Ag(l) is ook gesintetiseer. Enkel-kristalle van die kompleks is verkry en X-straal kristallografiese analiese is onderneem. Die kristalstruktuur toon hoedat Ag(l) gebind is aan die gedeprotoneerde ligand deur die S en Q atome en toon ook interessante [Ag(L-S,Q)]4 groepe in die vaste toestand. Hierdie struktuur is monoklinies en kristaliseer in die ruimtegroep P21!c met a = 17.805(4) Á, b = 21.759(4)Á, c = 36.438(7)Á, P = 96.34(3t, z = 8 en 'n finale R-faktor van 5.4%.
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7

Kadri, Mekki. "Speciation d'isotopes d'uranium et de neptunium produits par irradiation neutronique." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR13092.

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Determination de l'etat d'oxydation (speciation) des atomes de **(239)u formes par la reaction **(238)u(n,gamma ) et des atomes de **(239)np formes dans la desintegration beta de **(239)u. Les cibles irradiees sont des composes simples d'u et des complexes d'u avec les ethers crown des cryptanols et cyclam
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8

Er-Rakho, Lahcen. "Oxydes de cuivre a valence mixte : perovskites deficitaires en oxygene." Caen, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987CAEN2036.

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Mise en evidence et etude de deux grandes familles de composes dans le systeme la::(2)o::(3)-ao-cuo(a=ca,ba,sr) : la::(2-x)ba::(1-x)cu::(1-x/2)o::(5-x)(ln=la,nd) ou cu est essentiellement au degre d'oxydation 2 et une seconde famille caracterisee par la valence mixte du cuivre, les quantites de cuivre 3 pouvant atteindre dans certains cas 40%. Tous ces oxydes ont en commum leur appartenance a la structure perovskite. Proprietes electriques et magnetiques
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9

Oginni, Babatunde M. "Study Of Nuclear Level Densities From Evaporation Of Compound Nuclei Of Mass Numbers 61, 64, 65, And 82." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1241791753.

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10

Sheng, Xia. "Competitive transport, extraction and coordination chemistry of a number of ligands with selected transition and post-transition metal ions." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1488.

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11

MONDOLONI, CHRISTIAN. "Contribution a l'etude de la valence anormale de l'ytterbium et du thulium dans yb : :(1-x)tm::(x)se et yb::(1-y)tm::(y)s." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA077122.

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Etude experimentale de l'instabilite de la valence des atomes de tm en fonction de la concentration dans les composes du titre. On mesure la valence des atomes de tm par susceptibilite magnetique et absorption rx, et on met en evidence une divergence de resultats par ces deux methodes. On met en evidence une transition metal-semiconducteur pour x=0,84, un ordre antiferromagnetique a 1,5 k, une magnetoresistivite negative. L'etude des sulfures amene a interpreter les proprietes de transport dans le domaine y >ou= 0,08 pour t>15 k par l'effet kondo
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12

Kili, Koffi Ani. "Preparation, activation, et caracterisation des catalyseurs de metaux de transition associes aux terres rares." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR13030.

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Etude de l'interaction entre les terres rares et les metaux de transition en jouant sur le mode d'impregnation, la nature des sels precurseurs des metaux de transition et des lanthanides et traitement thermique d'activation. Etude sur la dispersion et sur l'etat d'oxydation
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13

Latroche, Michel. "Caracterisations physico-chimiques des bronzes de titane en relation avec leur stoechiometrie." Nantes, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NANT2019.

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Ces bronzes de titane de type hollandite sont des composes a vfalence mixte de formule generale a::(x)tio::(2), avec a=k, rb, cs et 0,125
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14

Vasudevamurthy, Madhusudan. "Betaine analogues and related compounds for biomedical applications." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Chemical and Process Engineering, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1096.

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Living cells accumulate compensatory solutes for protection against the harmful effects of extreme environmental conditions such as high salinity, temperature and desiccation. Even at high concentrations these solutes do not disrupt the normal cellular functions and at times counteract by stabilizing the cellular components. These properties of compensatory solutes have been exploited for stabilizing proteins and cells in vitro. Betaines are widespread natural compensatory solutes that have also been used in other applications such as therapeutic agents and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) enhancers. Some biomedical applications of novel synthetic analogues of natural betaines were investigated. Natural compensatory solutes are either dipolar zwitterionic compounds or polyhydroxyl compounds, and the physical basis of compensation may differ between these, so one focus was on synthetic betaines with hydroxyl substituents. The majority of the synthetic solutes stabilized different model proteins against stress factors such as high and low temperatures. The presence of hydroxyl groups improved protection against desiccation. The observed stabilization effect is not just on the catalytic activity of the enzyme, but also on its structural conformation. Synthetic compensatory solutes have a potential application as protein stabilizers. Dimethylthetin was evaluated as a therapeutic agent and found to be harmful in a sheep model. However, from the study we were able to generate a large-animal continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) model and showed that glycine betaine could be added to the dialysis fluid in chronic renal failure. Some synthetic compensatory solutes reduce the melting temperatures of DNA better than most natural solutes. Synthetic solutes were identified that have potential to enhance PCR and could replace some reagents marketed by commercial suppliers. Density, viscosity and molecular model data on the solutes showed correlations with the biochemical effects of the solutes, but no physical measurements were found that reliably predicted their potential for biotechnological applications.
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15

Zerguine, Mohamed Larbi. "Propriétés magnétiques de quelques composés du cérium : cas particulier du réseau Kondo CePt2Si2." Grenoble 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988GRE10070.

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Etude des composes intermetalliques cecusi, cezn::(5), ceal::(2)ga::(2) et plus particulierement cept::(2)si::(2). Cecusi s'ordonne ferromagnetiquement en dessous de 15,5 k. Les composes de cezn::(5) et ceal::(2)ga::(2) sont des reseaux de kondo presentant une structure antiferromagnetique en dessous de 3,8k et 8,5k respectivement. Description de leur structure magnetique a l'aide d'un vecteur de propagation. Cept::(2)si::(2) est un compose tetragonal de type reseau de kondo non magnetique. Analyse des trois regimes de temperature des proprietes magnetiques. Ce compose est situe entre les fermions lourds et les valences intermediaires
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16

Ammarguellat, Chafika. "Contribution à l'étude des propriétés des composés ternaires intermétalliques de type TM2Si2." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066007.

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Etude du phénomène de valence intermédiaire dans les composés du type CeM2Si2 (m=métal de transition 3d). Mise en évidence d'anomalies lors de l'absorption x ainsi que dans les propriétés magnétiques et de transport. Mesure des seuils d'absorption l(i)ii et classification des composes sur une échelle de valeurs de la valence. Etude des variations thermiques de la valence. L'instabilité de valence a également été mise en évidence qualitativement par des mesures des paramètres de maille.
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Chaillout-Bougerol, Catherine. "Contribution à l'étude du système BaPb(1-x)Bi(x)O(3) : relations entre les propriétés structurales, chimiques et physiques." Grenoble 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986GRE10017.

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Etude de la solution solide du titre du fait de l'interet suscite par ses proprietes physiques : phrase supraconductrice pour 0,05 x 0,30 avec tc# 13k, transition metal-semiconducteur pour x # 0,30. La structure de ces composes est de type perovskite. Selon la concentration en pb et bi, la structure de base cubique se deforme differemment. Etude de la valence de bi et de la stoechiometrie en oxygene, dans babi0::(3) en particulier. Proposition de modeles qui permettent de concilier divers resultats publies anterieurement concernant les proprietes structurales et physiques
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18

Lehmann, Pascale. "Reseau kondo, magnetisme et leur competition dans ceru : :(2)si::(2) et composes derives." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13106.

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Etude par mesures de chaleur massique, d'aimantation, de susceptibilite, de resistivite et d'absorption x, du caractere de systeme kondo a fermions lourds du compose du titre. L'effet d'un champ magnetique pour la transition couplage fort-couplage faible a ete mise en evidence. Effet d'une substitution du cerium par le lanthane ou le cerium. Interpretation des proprietes a basse temperature dans le cadre d'un modele phenomenologique de liquide de fermi reposant sur l'hypothese d'un etat resonnant s-f, non strictement lorentzien situe au niveau de fermi. Ce modele etendu permet de rendre compte des effets de competition entre magnetisme et effet kondo
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19

Lemoine, Pascale. "Combinaisons ternaires soufrées formées par l'europium et un second métal : exemples de dérivés de l'europium à valence mixte; synthèse, structures et propriétés physiques." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066416.

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L'études des combinaisons ternaires soufrées formées par l'europium et un second métal conduit dans de nombreux cas a des composes qui ne contiennent que de l'europium divalent, tels que Eu3Sb4S9, EuLn2S4 (Ln: Dy—Lu, Y) et Eu1,1Bi2S4. . Dans ces trois composes Eu (ii) présente un environnement 8-prismatique et le second métal, un environnement octaédrique. Dans Eu3Sb4S9, le doublet 5s2 non-engagé de Sb (iii) crée de larges tunnels au sein de la structure. Les composés EuLn2S4 ont une structure de type CaFe2O4. Le réseau du composé Eu1, 1Bi2S4 contient de larges canaux partiellement occupés par des atomes d'europium divalent d'environnement 9-prismatique. Dans quelques cas, lorsque le second métal est susceptible de stabiliser partiellement la valence iii de l'europium, des composés à valence mixte sont obtenus, tels Eu2BiS4 et Eu2CuS3 qui contiennent les deux valences de l'europium, mais de façon différenciée par des sites cristallographiques distincts. Dans Eu2BiS4, Eu(ii) a un environnement 7-prismatique, Eu (iii), 7-octaedrique et Bi (iii), octaédrique. Dans Eu2CuS3, Eu (ii) a un environnement 8-prismatique, Eu(iii), octaédrique et Cu (i),tétraédrique. Dans ces deux composés, il existe des feuillets perpendiculaires à l'axe b, de formule Eurs(3) (r = Cu ou Bi). Tous ces composés sont paramagnétiques et semi-conducteurs. Cette étude met en évidence la stabilité de l'état divalent de l'europium dans les sulfures et la nécessité pour obtenir des composes à valeur mixte ou intermédiaire de l'europium, de modifier les conditions d'études, telles que la température et la pression.
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20

Amarouche, Mohand. "Modelisation des agregats de gaz rares et dynamique d'ar : :(3)**(+)." Toulouse 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU30135.

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Calcul de la structure d'equilibre et de l'energie d'agregats ioniques positifs de xe et ar a l'aide d'un hamiltonien de type excitonique, extrait des courbes de potentiel des diatomiques correspondants, en incluant le couplage spin-orbite et les interactions a 3 corps entre dipoles induits instantanement. Emploi de ce modele pour calculer les barrieres de potentiel entre divers isomeres, les diverses possibilites de fragmentation apres photoionisation verticale et les echanges de masse lors de collisions entre agregats; observation d'une stabilite remarquable des agregats a 13 et 19 atomes, formes de couronnes pleines autour de coeurs ionises a 3 ou 4 atomes. Couplage du modele excitonique a la methode de dynamique "hemiquantique" pour etudier la photodissociation de ar::(3)**(+), dont on calcule la section efficace a partir du moment de transition de l'espece diatomique obtenu par des calculs ab initio
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21

Nylén, Ulf. "Development of ring-opening catalysts for diesel quality improvement." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Chemical Engineering and Technology, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-1712.

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The global oil refining industry with its present shift inproduct distribution towards fuels such as gasoline and dieselwill most likely hold the fort for many years to come. However,times will change and survival will very much depend onprocessing flexibility and being at the frontiers of refiningtechnology, a technology where catalysts play leading roles.Today oil refiners are faced with the challenge to producefuels that meet increasingly tight environmentalspecifications, in particular with respect to maximum sulphurcontent. At the same time, the quality of crude oil is becomingworse with higher amounts of polyaromatics, heteroatoms(sulphur and nitrogen) and heavy metals. In order to staycompetitive, it is desirable to upgrade dense streams withinthe refinery to value-added products. For example, upgradingthe fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) by-product light cycle oil(LCO) into a high quality diesel blending component is a veryattractive route and might involve a two-step catalyticprocess. In the first step the LCO is hydrotreated andheteroatoms are removed and polyaromatics are saturated, in thesecond step naphthenic rings are selectively opened to improvethe cetane number of the final product.

The present research is devoted to the second catalytic stepof LCO upgrading and was carried out within the framework of aEuropean Union project entitled RESCATS.

From the patent literature it is evident that iridium-basedcatalysts seem to be good candidates for ring-opening purposes.A literature survey covering ring opening of naphthenicmolecules shows the need for extending investigations toheavier model substances, more representative of the dieselfraction than model compounds such as alkylated mono C5 and C6-naphthenic rings frequently employed in academic studies.

Ring-opening catalysts, mainly Pt-Ir based, were synthesisedat KTH by two different methods: the microemulsion and theincipient wetness methods. Characterization of the catalystswas performed using a number of techniques including TPR,TEM-EDX, AFM and XPS etc. Catalytic screening at atmosphericpressure using pure indan as model substance was utilized todetect ring-opening activity and the magnitude of selectivityto desired cetane-boosting products. The development of suchring-opening catalysts is the topic of Paper I.

When designing a catalytic system aimed at refiningpetroleum, it is crucial to monitor the evolution of thesulphur distribution throughout the different stages of theprocess so that catalyst properties and reaction parameters canbe optimised. The final section of this thesis and Paper II arethus devoted to high-resolution sulphur distribution analysisby means of a sulphur chemiluminescence detector (SCD).

Keywords:ring opening, naphthenes, cetane numberimprovement, indan, light cycle oil (LCO), Pt-Ir catalyst,catalyst characterization, aromatic sulphur compounds, GC-SCD,distribution, analysis.

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22

Chmaissem, Omar. "Détermination structurale des mécanismes de transfert de charges dans le supraconducteur Pb2Sr2Y(1-x)CaxCu3O(8+[delta])." Grenoble 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE10039.

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Le compose pb#2sr#2ln#1##xca#xcu#3o#8#+# est un cuprate supraconduceur a haute tc. L'oxyde pb#2sr#2ycu#3o#8 devient supraconducteur lorsqu'on substitue une partie de l'y par du ca. Nous avons mis au point de nouvelles methodes de synthese de poudres et de monocristaux. Le mecanisme de l'oxydation a ete etudie par thermogravimetrie et analyse structurale des phases oxydees. L'oxygene est intercale sur deux sites situes dans la couche cu, et provoque l'oxydation du cu#1#+ en cu#2#+ et d'une partie du pb#2#+ en pb#4#+. La formation de pb#4#+ desequilibre les charges dans la structure, et l'oxygene apical 01 s'eloigne des plans cuo#2. Plusieurs monocristaux (0
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23

Ramilo-Ríos, Pablo. "La comunidad de coleópteros saproxílicos en bosque mediterráneo: factores ambientales que condicionan sus ensambles." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/86894.

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Los insectos saproxílicos, que dependen de la presencia de madera muerta y/o en descomposición, de hongos de la madera, o bien de la presencia de otros organismos saproxílicos, en algún momento de su ciclo vital, desempeñan una función clave para el correcto funcionamiento de los ecosistemas de bosque, actuando como recicladores de los nutrientes contenidos en la madera en descomposición. La diversidad de insectos saproxílicos, y más concretamente de coleópteros, así como la estructura de los ensambles que conforman, se encuentran condicionadas por una serie de variables de carácter físico, químico y biótico. Comprender cómo este amplio conjunto de variables afecta a los patrones espacio-temporales de las comunidades, resulta esencial a la hora de elaborar estrategias de manejo de los ecosistemas, que permitan preservar este tipo de fauna, en muchas ocasiones, amenazada. Con este marco de fondo, el objetivo general de esta tesis doctoral reside en analizar el conjunto de factores ambientales que afectan a la diversidad y a la distribución espacio-temporal de los ensambles de coleópteros saproxílicos que habitan los bosques mediterráneos de roble melojo ubicados en el oeste de la península ibérica para, de este modo, poder proponer una serie de directrices a seguir, a la hora de manejar este tipo de ecosistemas. Este objetivo general se divide en una serie de objetivos específicos, cada uno de los cuales ha derivado en la redacción de un artículo científico y que pueden ser consultados de manera individualizada en los capítulos II, III y IV. En el capítulo II se evaluó la influencia de un total de 24 variables ambientales a nivel de paisaje y a nivel de árbol, muchas de ellas consecuencia del manejo tradicional del bosque en el oeste ibérico por parte del hombre, analizando la riqueza observada de especies y empleando los estimadores de diversidad verdadera. El estudio permitió demostrar que, son muchas las variables que deben ser tenidas en cuenta a la hora de aplicar estrategias de manejo de los ecosistemas forestales y que no todos los métricos empleados para evaluar la diversidad de los ensambles saproxílicos responden de la misma manera frente a esas variables derivadas del manejo. De acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos, es posible establecer una serie de recomendaciones para la gestión forestal de áreas sometidas a técnicas tradicionales de manejo: favorecer en cierta medida la apertura del medio, reducir la carga ganadera y la explotación de madera a nivel vecinal, mantener en el paisaje un elevado volumen de madera en avanzado estado de descomposición, realizar un trasmoche selectivo de cierta cantidad de árboles para acelerar la aparición de oquedades y conservar los denominados “árboles hábitat”, que presenten microhábitats potenciales para este tipo de fauna, ya sean oquedades o tumores. El capítulo III se centró en analizar la posible influencia de los factores abióticos de temperatura y humedad relativa, en los patrones intranuales mostrados por los ensambles de coleópteros saproxílicos que habitan los bosques de roble melojo en la península ibérica, tanto en términos de riqueza como de composición de especies. Además, se abordó el estudio del tamaño corporal, como un rasgo que puede afectar tanto a la fisiología como a la eficacia biológica (fitness) de las especies y que podría explicar, al menos en parte, la dinámica temporal de estos ensambles. Este estudio permitió demostrar que la dinámica temporal de los ensambles de coleópteros saproxílicos que habitan los bosques de roble en el oeste ibérico está condicionada, al menos en gran medida, por las fluctuaciones anuales de las variables abióticas de temperatura y humedad relativa. Considerando el marco actual de calentamiento global, el hecho de conocer cómo ambas variables abióticas afectan a la estructura y diversidad de estos ensambles, permitirá predecir algunas de las consecuencias que el cambio climático puede tener en la distribución temporal de estas comunidades faunísticas. Además, se observó que no todas las especies de coleópteros saproxílicos muestran la misma plasticidad a la hora de adaptarse a esas fluctuaciones de temperatura y que muchas de ellas pueden permanecer activas únicamente bajo un cierto rango térmico. En este sentido, se recomienda profundizar en el estudio de los rangos térmicos de las especies, ya que proporcionará información muy valiosa a la hora de tratar de entender los patrones temporales mostrados por estos ensambles. Finalmente, en el capítulo IV, se estudió la influencia que pueden tener las emisiones de compuestos orgánicos volátiles (COVs) por parte del roble melojo, en los ensambles de coleópteros saproxílicos que emplean esta especie arbórea como planta hospedadora. Para ello, se partió de la premisa de que los árboles añosos (generalmente de mayor tamaño y en un estado de descomposición avanzado) son más visitados por los insectos saproxílicos, que en el caso de los árboles más jóvenes (generalmente de menor porte y en un estado de descomposición nulo o poco avanzado); las emisiones de COVs podrían explicar, al menos en parte, ciertos aspectos de la etología de este grupo de insectos. A pesar de la ausencia de significación estadística, los resultados mostraron una tendencia clara, que indicó que los árboles de mayor porte (árboles añosos, en un estado de descomposición avanzado) emiten este tipo de compuestos con una mayor intensidad que los árboles de menor tamaño. Si tenemos en cuenta, además, que este estudio demostró que los árboles añosos, de mayor perímetro (generalmente en un estado de senescencia más avanzado) albergaron una mayor riqueza de especies de coleópteros saproxílicos, se llega a la conclusión de que la emisión de COVs debe ser tenida en cuenta como una variable más (dentro del amplio conjunto de las ya comentadas en apartados previos), que puede estar condicionando la dinámica espacio-temporal de los ensambles de coleópteros saproxílicos que habitan los bosques de roble melojo en la península ibérica. Este estudio abre una novedosa vía de investigación que permitirá profundizar en el estudio de la relación directa que puede existir entre los compuestos químicos emitidos por los árboles y la fauna saproxílica circundante.
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24

Gharibi, Elkhadir. "Étude de l'influence de quelques éléments mineurs (AL,TI, CR, K) sur la réduction de l'hématite en magnétite." Nancy 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10167.

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Étude cinétique et mécanisme de la réduction de l'hématite en magnétite sur des cristaux naturels purs ou dopés. Mesures de conductivité électrique en fonction de la pression d'oxygène dans le but d'une corrélation avec les processus de germination
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25

VALADE, FARGES LYDIE. "Conducteurs et supraconducteur moleculaires : complexes de metaux de transition a ligand soufre." Toulouse 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU30008.

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Etude des proprietes electriques et structurales de deux series de composes a coordinat dmit : composes a etat d'oxydation fractionnaire (m(dmit)::(2))c::(x) et composes donneur-accepteur d(m(dmit)::(2))::(y) (avec m = zn,ni,pt,pd; c = nbu**(+)::(4) et asph**(+)::(4); d = ttf, tmttf, ttmttf, bedt-ttf et tmtsf; n dans (m(dmit)::(2))**(n-) etant egal a 2,1,x,0). Mise en evidence de la nature 2d des composes de la premiere serie et quasi 3d de ceux de la deuxieme; relations structure-conductivite. Mise en evicence de la supraconduction dans le cas du complexe ttf(ni(dmit)::(2))::(2), avec une temperature de transition de 1,62 k sous 7 kbar
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26

Fernández-Valverde, Suilma Marisela. "Echange isotopique dans des composes a valence mixte a l'etat solide." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR13030.

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27

Lahiouel, Rachid. "Evolution du réseau Kondo en fonction de l'hybridation : les systèmes CeIn(Ag,Cu)2 et Ce(Ge,Si)2." Grenoble 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987GRE10054.

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Observation du passage d'un regime kondo mixte a un regime kondo pur ou a un regime de valence intermediaire sous l'effet de la pression chimique. Etude du diagramme de phases magnetiques. Determination du coefficient de couplage entre electrons 4 f et la bande de conduction jn(e::(f)). Coefficient de la chaleur specifique, temperature de kondo et coefficient de grueneisen electronique de ceincu::(2)
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28

Moreira, Ana Sofia Pereira. "Study of modifications induced by thermal and oxidative treatment in oligo and polysaccharides of coffee by mass spectrometry." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/17074.

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Doutoramento em Bioquímica
Os polissacarídeos são os componentes maioritários dos grãos de café verde e torrado e da bebida de café. Os mais abundantes são as galactomananas, seguindo-se as arabinogalactanas. Durante o processo de torra, as galactomananas e arabinogalactanas sofrem modificações estruturais, as quais estão longe de estar completamente elucidadas devido à sua diversidade e à complexidade estrutural dos compostos formados. Durante o processo de torra, as galactomananas e arabinogalactanas reagem com proteínas, ácidos clorogénicos e sacarose, originando compostos castanhos de alto peso molecular contendo nitrogénio, designados de melanoidinas. As melanoidinas do café apresentam diversas atividades biológicas e efeitos benéficos para a saúde. No entanto, a sua estrutura exata e os mecanismos envolvidos na sua formação permanecem desconhecidos, bem como a relação estrutura-atividade biológica. A utilização de sistemas modelo e a análise por espectrometria de massa permitem obter uma visão global e, simultaneamente, detalhada das modificações estruturais nos polissacarídeos do café promovidas pela torra, contribuindo para a elucidação das estruturas e mecanismos de formação das melanoidinas. Com base nesta tese, oligossacarídeos estruturalmente relacionados com a cadeia principal das galactomananas, (β1→4)-Dmanotriose (Man3), e as cadeias laterais das arabinogalactanas, (α1→5)-Larabinotriose (Ara3), isoladamente ou em misturas com ácido 5-Ocafeoilquínico (5-CQA), o ácido clorogénico mais abundante nos grãos de café verde, e péptidos compostos por tirosina e leucina, usados como modelos das proteínas, foram sujeitos a tratamento térmico a seco, mimetizando o processo de torra. A oxidação induzida por radicais hidroxilo (HO•) foi também estudada, uma vez que estes radicais parecem estar envolvidos na modificação dos polissacarídeos durante a torra. A identificação das modificações estruturais induzidas por tratamento térmico e oxidativo dos compostos modelo foi feita por estratégias analíticas baseadas principalmente em espectrometria de massa, mas também em cromatografia líquida. A cromatografia de gás foi usada na análise de açúcares neutros e ligações glicosídicas. Para validar as conclusões obtidas com os compostos modelo, foram também analisadas amostras de polissacarídeos do café obtidas a partir de resíduo de café e café instantâneo. Os resultados obtidos a partir dos oligossacarídeos modelo quando submetidos a tratamento térmico (seco), assim como à oxidação induzida por HO• (em solução), indicam a ocorrência de despolimerização, o que está de acordo com estudos anteriores que reportam a despolimerização das galactomananas e arabinogalactanas do café durante a torra. Foram ainda identificados outros compostos resultantes da quebra do anel de açúcares formados durante o tratamento térmico e oxidativo da Ara3. Por outro lado, o tratamento térmico a seco dos oligossacarídeos modelo (individualmente ou quando misturados) promoveu a formação de oligossacarídeos com um maior grau de polimerização, e também polissacarídeos com novos tipos de ligações glicosídicas, evidenciando a ocorrência de polimerização através reações de transglicosilação não enzimática induzidas por tratamento térmico a seco. As reações de transglicosilação induzidas por tratamento térmico a seco podem ocorrer entre resíduos de açúcares provenientes da mesma origem, mas também de origens diferentes com formação de estruturas híbridas, contendo arabinose e manose como observado nos casos dos compostos modelo usados. Os resultados obtidos a partir de amostras do resíduo de café e de café instantâneo sugerem a presença de polissacarídeos híbridos nestas amostras de café processado, corroborando a ocorrência de transglicosilação durante o processo de torra. Além disso, o estudo de misturas contendo diferentes proporções de cada oligossacarídeo modelo, mimetizando regiões do grão de café com composição distinta em polissacarídeos, sujeitos a diferentes períodos de tratamento térmico, permitiu inferir que diferentes estruturas híbridas e não híbridas podem ser formadas a partir das arabinogalactanas e galactomananas, dependendo da sua distribuição nas paredes celulares do grão e das condições de torra. Estes resultados podem explicar a heterogeneidade de estruturas de melanoidinas formadas durante a torra do café. Os resultados obtidos a partir de misturas modelo contendo um oligossacarídeo (Ara3 ou Man3) e 5-CQA sujeitas a tratamento térmico a seco, assim como de amostras provenientes do resíduo de café, mostraram a formação de compostos híbridos compostos por moléculas de CQA ligadas covalentemente a um número variável de resíduos de açúcar. Além disso, os resultados obtidos a partir da mistura contendo Man3 e 5-CQA mostraram que o CQA atua como catalisador das reações de transglicosilação. Por outro lado, nas misturas modelo contendo um péptido, mesmo contendo também 5-CQA e sujeitas ao mesmo tratamento, observou-se uma diminuição na extensão das reações transglicosilação. Este resultado pode explicar a baixa extensão das reações de transglicosilação não enzimáticas durante a torra nas regiões do grão de café mais ricas em proteínas, apesar dos polissacarídeos serem os componentes maioritários dos grãos de café. A diminuição das reações de transglicosilação na presença de péptidos/proteínas pode dever-se ao facto de os resíduos de açúcares redutores reagirem preferencialmente com os grupos amina de péptidos/proteínas por reação de Maillard, diminuindo o número de resíduos de açúcares redutores disponíveis para as reações de transglicosilação. Além dos compostos já descritos, uma diversidade de outros compostos foram formados a partir dos sistemas modelo, nomeadamente derivados de desidratação formados durante o tratamento térmico a seco. Em conclusão, a tipificação das modificações estruturais promovidas pela torra nos polissacarídeos do café abre o caminho para a compreensão dos mecanismos de formação das melanoidinas e da relação estrutura-atividade destes compostos.
Polysaccharides are the major components of green and roasted coffee beans, and coffee brew. The most abundant ones are galactomannans, followed by arabinogalactans. During the roasting process, galactomannans and arabinogalactans undergo structural modifications that are far to be completely elucidated due to their diversity and complexity of the compounds formed. During the roasting process, galactomannans and arabinogalactans react with proteins, chlorogenic acids, and sucrose, originating high molecular weight brown compounds containing nitrogen, known as melanoidins. Several biological activities and beneficial health effects have been attributed to coffee melanoidins. However, their exact structures and the mechanisms involved in their formation remain unknown, as well as the structure-biological activity relationship. The use of model systems and mass spectrometry analysis allow to obtain an overall view and, simultaneously, detailed, of the structural modifications in coffee polysaccharides promoted by roasting, contributing to the elucidation of the structures and formation mechanisms of melanoidins. Based on this thesis, oligosaccharides structurally related to the backbone of galactomannans, (β1→4)-D-mannotriose, and the side chains of arabinogalactans, (α1→5)-Larabinotriose, alone or in mixtures with 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid, the most abundant chlorogenic acid in green coffee beans, and dipeptides composed by tyrosine and leucine, used as models of proteins, were submitted to dry thermal treatments, mimicking the coffee roasting process. The oxidation induced by hydroxyl radicals (HO•) was also studied, since these radicals seem to be involved in the modification of the polysaccharides during roasting. The identification of the structural modifications induced by thermal and oxidative treatment of the model compounds was performed mostly by mass spectrometry-based analytical strategies, but also using liquid chromatography. Gas chromatography was used in the analysis of neutral sugars and glycosidic linkages. To validate the conclusions achieved with the model compounds, coffee polysaccharide samples obtained from spent coffee grounds and instant coffee were also analysed. The results obtained from the model oligosaccharides when submitted to thermal treatment (dry) or oxidation induced by HO• (in solution) indicate the occurrence of depolymerization, which is in line with previous studies reporting the depolymerization of coffee galactomannans and arabinogalactans during roasting. Compounds resulting from sugar ring cleavage were also formed during thermal treatment and oxidative treatment of Ara3. On the other hand, the dry thermal treatment of the model oligosaccharides (alone or when mixed) promoted the formation of oligosaccharides with a higher degree of polymerization, and also polysaccharides with new type of glycosidic linkages, evidencing the occurrence of polymerization via non-enzymatic transglycosylation reactions induced by dry thermal treatment. The transglycosylation reactions induced by dry thermal treatment can occur between sugar residues from the same origin, but also of different origins, with formation of hybrid structures, containing arabinose and mannose in the case of the model compounds used. The results obtained from spent coffee grounds and instant coffee samples suggest the presence of hybrid polysaccharides in these processed coffee samples, corroborating the occurrence of transglycosylation during the roasting process. Furthermore, the study of mixtures containing different proportions of each model oligosaccharide, mimicking coffee bean regions with distinct polysaccharide composition, subjected to different periods of thermal treatment, allowed to infer that different hybrid and non-hybrid structures may be formed from arabinogalactans and galactomannans, depending on their distribution in the bean cell walls and on roasting conditions. These results may explain the heterogeneity of melanoidins structures formed during coffee roasting. The results obtained from model mixtures containing an oligosaccharide (Ara3 or Man3) and 5-CQA and subjected to dry thermal treatment, as well as samples derived from spent coffee grounds, showed the formation of hybrid compounds composed by CQA molecules covalently linked to a variable number of sugar residues. Moreover, the results obtained from the mixture containing Man3 and 5-CQA showed that CQA acts as catalyst of transglycosylation reactions. On the other hand, in the model mixtures containing a peptide, even if containing 5-CQA and subjected to the same treatment, it was observed a decrease in the extent of transglycosylation reactions. This outcome can explain the low extent of non-enzymatic transglycosylation reactions during roasting in coffee bean regions enriched in proteins, although polysaccharides are the major components of the coffee beans. The decrease of transglycosylation reactions in the presence of peptides/proteins can be related with the preferential reactivity of reducing residues with the amino groups of peptides/proteins by Maillard reaction, decreasing the number of reducing residues available to be directly involved in the transglycosylation reactions. In addition to the compounds already described, a diversity of other compounds were formed from model systems, namely dehydrated derivatives formed during dry thermal treatment. In conclusion, the identification of the structural modifications in coffee polysaccharides promoted by roasting pave the way to the understanding of the mechanisms of formation of melanoidins and structure-activity relationship of these compounds.
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29

(8099576), Sang Kyu Kim. "Transient Dynamics of Compound Drops in Shear and Pressure Driven Flow." Thesis, 2019.

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Multiphase flows abound in nature and enterprises. Our daily interactions with fluids - washing, drinking, and cooking, for example - occur at a free surface and within the realm of multiphase flows. The applications of multiphase flows within the context of emulsions, which are caused by mixing two immiscible fluids, have been of interest since the nineteenth century: compartmentalizing one fluid in another is particularly of interest in applications in pharmaceutical, materials, microfluidics, chemical, and biological engineering. Even more control in compartmentalization and delivery can be obtained through the usage of double emulsions, which are emulsions of smaller drops (i.e., inner drop) within larger drops (i.e., outer drop). The goal of this work is to understand the dynamic behavior of compound drops in confined flow at low Reynolds numbers. These behaviors include the migration patterns, limit cycles, and equilibrium locations in confined flows such as channel flows.

Firstly, we look at non-concentric compound drops that are subject to simple shear flows. The eccentricity in the inner drop is either within the place of shear, normal to the plane of shear, or mixed. We show unreported motions that persist throughout time regardless of the initial eccentricity, given that the deformations of the inner and outer drops are small. Understanding the temporal dynamics of compound drops within the simple shear flow, one of the simplest background flows that may be imposed, allows us to probe at the dynamics of more complicated background flows.

Secondly, we look at the lateral migration of compound drops in a Poiseuille flow. Depending on the initial condition, we show that there are multiple equilibria. We also show that the majority of initial configurations results in the compound drop with symmetry about the short wall direction. We then show the time it takes for the interfaces to merge if a given initial configuration does not reach the aforementioned symmetry.

Thirdly, while the different equilibria of compound drops offer some positional differences at different radii ratio, we show that the lift force profiles at non-equilibrium locations offer distinctly different results for compound drops with different radii ratio. We then look at how this effect is greater than changes that arise due to viscosity ratio changes, and offer insights on what may create such a change in the lift force profile.
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WU, HON-JUN, and 吳鴻鈞. "Dust explosion characterstics of polymers derived from low carbon number compounds with carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen elements." Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/22842601813833441089.

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31

Kim, Jeongsoo. "On a Question of Wintner Concerning the Sequence of Integers Composed of Primes from a Given Set." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/3334.

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32

Creaser, Steffen Phillip. "Syntheses and coordination studies of [9]aneN3 substituted with increasing numbers of 2-hydroxyethyl pendant arms / Steffen Phillip Creaser." 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/19540.

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Abstract:
Copies of author's previously published articles inserted.
Bibliography: leaves 176-187.
xiii, 187 leaves ; 30 cm.
Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library.
Describes the syntheses of three 1,4,7-triazayclonane macrocyclic ligands functionalised with increasing numbers of 2-hydroxyethyl pendant arms.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Chemistry, 1999
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33

Grove, Robert Allan. "Evaluation of current agricultural practices and organophosphorus insecticide use in relation to ring-necked pheasant numbers at Klamath Basin Refuges, California." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/35200.

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Abstract:
A declining population of ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) was studied at Tule Lake National Wildlife Refuge (TLNWR) from the summer of 1990 through the spring of 1993. Pheasant densities/50 ha at TLNWR in 1989, 1991, and 1992 were considerably lower (16.86, 8.49, and 6.81) than the >62 density seen in the mid-1950s. Mean body weight of hen pheasants at TLNWR was significantly lower than hens at nearby Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge (LKNWR) which was not intensively farmed. Mean tarsal lengths of hens at TLNWR were also significantly shorter than hens at LKNWR, suggesting reduced skeletal growth and potential nutritional problems. The lack of adequate cover was responsible for poor early nest success at TLNWR. Later in the season, spring planted crops provided adequate cover to conceal nesting hens; however, only 0.21 young in 1991 and 0.02 young in 1992 were produced per radio-equipped hen. These rates are extremely low compared to rates required to maintain a stable population. Most adult mortality occurred during the spring and early summer months at TLNWR before crops provided adequate cover, and long before pesticide applications. The main predator of the pheasants was the golden eagle (Aquila chrvsaetos). Of special concern at TLNWR was pheasant and other wildlife exposure to anticholinesterase (antiChE) insecticides used on agricultural croplands at the refuge. Direct toxicity of antiChE compounds (in this case methamidophos) killed 2 young pheasants, but no adult radio-equipped hens died as a direct result of insecticide intoxication. This finding was of particular interest because 15% of the adult pheasants collected in and around potato fields had 55% brain ChE inhibition. The extent of the effects of insecticide exposure on the survivorship of pheasant young was uncertain as they were not radio-equipped. The overriding factor impacting the pheasant population at TLNWR and to a lesser extent LKNWR was poor habitat, especially in the spring when most mortality occurred. The poor habitat also resulted in extremely low recruitment (up to 1 September). Nearly all adult mortality and most of the low recruitment occurred before the insecticide spray season. The population was nearly extirpated during the severe winter of 1992-93.
Graduation date: 1995
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