Journal articles: 'Compound number'

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Collings, Bruce Jay. "Compound Random Number Generators." Journal of the American Statistical Association 82, no. 398 (June 1987): 525–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1987.10478457.

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Pesonen, Martti I. "Random number generators for compound distributions." Scandinavian Actuarial Journal 1989, no. 1 (January 1989): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03461238.1989.10413854.

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Li, Guangle, Gabriel Robles Del Hierro, Jimmy Z. Di, and Yi Y. Zuo. "Compound Drop Shape Analysis with the Neumann Number." Langmuir 36, no. 26 (June 10, 2020): 7619–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01216.

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Burger, Edward B. "On Mahler's compound bodies." Journal of the Australian Mathematical Society. Series A. Pure Mathematics and Statistics 55, no. 2 (October 1993): 183–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s144678870003202x.

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AbstractLet 1 ≤ M ≤ N − 1 be integers and K be a convex, symmetric set in Euclidean N-space. Associated with K and M, Mahler identified the Mth compound body of K, (K)m, in Euclidean (MN)-space. The compound body (K)M is describable as the convex hull of a certain subset of the Grassmann manifold in Euclidean (MN)-space determined by K and M. The sets K and (K)M are related by a number of well-known inequalities due to Mahler.Here we generalize this theory to the geometry of numbers over the adèle ring of a number field and prove theorems which compare an adelic set with its adelic compound body. In addition, we include a comparison of the adelic compound body with the adelic polar body and prove an adelic general transfer principle which has implications to Diophantine approximation over number fields.

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Sukuru, Sai Chetan K., Jeremy L. Jenkins, Rohan E. J. Beckwith, Josef Scheiber, Andreas Bender, Dmitri Mikhailov, John W. Davies, and Meir Glick. "Plate-Based Diversity Selection Based on Empirical HTS Data to Enhance the Number of Hits and Their Chemical Diversity." Journal of Biomolecular Screening 14, no. 6 (June 16, 2009): 690–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087057109335678.

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Typically, screening collections of pharmaceutical companies contain more than a million compounds today. However, for certain high-throughput screening (HTS) campaigns, constraints posed by the assay throughput and/or the reagent costs make it impractical to screen the entire deck. Therefore, it is desirable to effectively screen subsets of the collection based on a hypothesis or a diversity selection. How to select compound subsets is a subject of ongoing debate. The authors present an approach based on extended connectivity fingerprints to carry out diversity selection on a per plate basis (instead of a per compound basis). HTS data from 35 Novartis screens spanning 5 target classes were investigated to assess the performance of this approach. The analysis shows that selecting a fingerprint-diverse subset of 250K compounds, representing 20% of the screening deck, would have achieved significantly higher hit rates for 86% of the screens. This measure also outperforms the Murcko scaffold-based plate selection described previously, where only 49% of the screens showed similar improvements. Strikingly, the 2-fold improvement in average hit rates observed for 3 of 5 target classes in the data set indicates a target bias of the plate (and thus compound) selection method. Even though the diverse subset selection lacks any target hypothesis, its application shows significantly better results for some targets—namely, G-protein-coupled receptors, proteases, and protein-protein interactions—but not for kinase and pathway screens. The synthetic origin of the compounds in the diverse subset appears to influence the screening hit rates. Natural products were the most diverse compound class, with significantly higher hit rates compared to the compounds from the traditional synthetic and combinatorial libraries. These results offer empirical guidelines for plate-based diversity selection to enhance hit rates, based on target class and the library type being screened. ( Journal of Biomolecular Screening 2009:690-699)

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Antoniová, Vesna Kalafus. "An onomasiological approach to nominal compound semantics." Word Structure 13, no. 3 (November 2020): 316–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/word.2020.0174.

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This paper addresses the semantics of compounding from an onomasiological point of view. It reports on the results of a corpus-based study of 500 English N+N compounds, the primary goal of which is to delimit a set of onomasiological structure rules on the basis of the admissible and inadmissible combinations of cognitive categories at the onomasiological level. The question of the semantics of nominal compounds has been considered in a number of theoretical frameworks; nevertheless, the difficulties related to the interpretation of N+N compounds have not been satisfactorily clarified. The application of the onomasiological approach to nominal compound semantics proves powerful as it sheds more light on the meaning relationships between constituents of these units. At the same time, it allows for the identification of the tendencies for the coinage of N+N compounds based on their internal semantic structure and narrows down the number of possible combinations of semantic categories thereby increasing the meaning predictability of this compound type.

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Lu, C. T., Y. J. Hu, Y. S. Liu, T. S. Huang, H. W. Tseng, C. Y. Chen, and C. Y. Liu. "Effective Charge Number of Cu in Cu-Sn Compound." ECS Solid State Letters 1, no. 5 (August 29, 2012): P73—P75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/2.006205ssl.

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Korol, Svitlana. "COMPOUND NOUNS IN GERMAN LANGUAGE." Naukovì zapiski Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu «Ostrozʹka akademìâ». Serìâ «Fìlologìâ» 1, no. 10(78) (February 27, 2020): 124–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2519-2558-2020-10(78)-124-127.

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The article deals with one of the most common types of word formation in German as word compounding. Compound nouns have become the object of study, as this part of the language leads the way in the formation of new words in this way. The relevance of the research is reinforced by the fact that German compound nouns differ by their multicomponent structure and are in the process of regular growth of their numbers, so they are attracting the attention of Germanists of different generations continuously. The study has examined the nature of the component composition of composites, the types of bonding between components, the types of constituent components, the role of the connecting element, the syllable’s accentuation of components of the compound noun etc. The compound can be built from nouns, adjectives, verbs or an invariable element (prepositions). There is no limit of the number of the associated words. The last word in the compound always determines the gender and plural form of the compound noun. The connectors or linking elements in existing German compound words often correspond to old case endings (e.g., plural, genitive). These endings expressed the relationship of the compound parts to one another. The article considers the causes of the formation of complex nouns. Compounds make the German language more flexible. In general, compounds are used to convey more information in one word and for reasons of language economy. Special attention deserves such a phenomenon as Denglish. This is the mashing of words from the two languages to create new hybrid words.

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Gunawan, Ramdhan, and Asep Bayu Dani Nandiyanto. "How to Read and Interpret 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR Spectrums." Indonesian Journal of Science and Technology 6, no. 2 (May 15, 2021): 267–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/ijost.v6i2.34189.

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Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy or NMR is a chemical instrument that can be used to evaluate the structure of a chemical compound other than FTIR, GC-MS, and HPLC. NMR spectroscopy commonly used for compound analysis is 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR. Techniques can be used to determine the structure conformation, the number of protons, and the number of carbons in the structure of a chemical compound. So far, there have been many publications related to the use of this spectroscopic technique. However, the steps in reading and interpreting the spectra of both 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR are not described in detail. Thus, in this paper, we described the steps in reading and interpreting the 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectra based on the level of difficulties: (1) simple compounds, (2) fairly complex compounds, (3) more complex compounds, and (4) very complex compounds.

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Maschmeyer, Elizabeth M., Liurukara D. Sanjeewa, and Kulugammana G. S. Ranmohotti. "Crystal structure of BaMnB2O5containing structurally isolated manganese oxide sheets." Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 72, no. 9 (August 19, 2016): 1315–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989016013074.

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In an attempt to search for mixed alkaline-earth and transition metal pyroborates, the title compound, barium manganese(II) pyroborate, has been synthesized by employing a flux method. The structure of BaMnB2O5is composed of MnO5square pyramids that form Mn2O8dimers by edge-sharing and of pyroborate units ([B2O5]4−) that are composed of two corner-sharing trigonal–planar BO3units. These building blocks share corners to form∞2[MnB2O5]2−layers extending parallel to (100). The Ba2+cations reside in the gap between two manganese pyroborate slabs with a coordination number of nine. The title compound forms an interesting spiral framework propagating along the 21screw axis. The structure is characterized by two alternating layers, which is relatively rare among known transition-metal-based pyroborate compounds.

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SPENCER, ANDREW. "What's in a compound?" Journal of Linguistics 47, no. 2 (June 3, 2011): 481–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226710000411.

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The Oxford Handbook of Compoundingsurveys a variety of theoretical and descriptive issues, presenting overviews of compounding in a number of frameworks and sketches of compounding in a number of languages. Much of the book deals with Germanic noun–noun compounding. I take up some of the theoretical questions raised surrounding such constructions, in particular, the notion of attributive modification in noun-headed compounds. I focus on two issues. The first is the semantic relation between the head noun and its nominal modifier. Several authors repeat the argument that there is a small(-ish) fixed number of general semantic relations in noun–noun compounds (‘Lees's solution’), but I argue that the correct way to look at such compounds is what I call ‘Downing's solution’, in which we assume that the relation is specified pragmatically, and hence could be any relation at all. The second issue is the way that adjectives modify nouns inside compounds. Although there are languages in which compounded adjectives modify just as they do in phrases (Chukchee, Arleplog Swedish), in general the adjective has a classifier role and not that of a compositional attributive modifier. Thus, even if an English (or German) adjective–noun compound looks compositional, it isn't.

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Setyawati, Harsasi. "SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI SENYAWA KOMPLEKS Zn(II)-EDTA SEBAGAI SENAYAWA ANTIALGA PADA COOLING WATER INDUSTRI." Jurnal Kimia Riset 2, no. 1 (June 13, 2017): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jkr.v2i1.3689.

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ABSTRACTA research on the synthesis and characterization of complex compounds of Zn (II)-EDTA as antialgae compound is applied to the cooling water industry. This research aims to determine the activity of complex compounds of Zn (II)-EDTA against algae that live in the water cooling water. The activity antialgae assay of comple compound of Zn(II)-EDTA with luminescence method and dry cell weight method. Complex compound of Zn (II)-EDTA made with mole ratio of ZnCl2: Na2EDTA is 1:1. Complex compound of Zn (II)-EDTA analyzed using UV-Vis spectrophotometer and FTIR spectrophotometer. The results of UV-Vis spectrophotometer analysis showed that the complex compounds of Zn (II)-EDTA has a maximum wavelength at 752 nm. While the results of FTIR analysis showed Zn-O vibration absorption at wave number 478.35 cm-1 and Zn-N vibration absorption at wave number 516.92 cm-1. In the activity antialgae assay of complex compound of Zn (II)-EDTA made with a concentration of 5 ppm, 10 ppm, 50 ppm and 100 ppm. The test results showed that the activity of complex compounds of Zn (II) -EDTA can kill green algae and brown algae. Of the four concentrations of complex compounds of Zn (II)-EDTA, green algae and brown algae can be killed optimally at a concentration of 50 ppm.Keywords: complex Zn(II)-EDTA, cooling water, antialgae, green algae, brown algae

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13

Gao, Wei, and Weifan Wang. "The Vertex Version of Weighted Wiener Number for Bicyclic Molecular Structures." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/418106.

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Graphs are used to model chemical compounds and drugs. In the graphs, each vertex represents an atom of molecule and edges between the corresponding vertices are used to represent covalent bounds between atoms. We call such a graph, which is derived from a chemical compound, a molecular graph. Evidence shows that the vertex-weighted Wiener number, which is defined over this molecular graph, is strongly correlated to both the melting point and boiling point of the compounds. In this paper, we report the extremal vertex-weighted Wiener number of bicyclic molecular graph in terms of molecular structural analysis and graph transformations. The promising prospects of the application for the chemical and pharmacy engineering are illustrated by theoretical results achieved in this paper.

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Al-darraji, Asmaa Safwan, and Mohamed H.Mohamed. "The Synthesis and Preliminary Anticancer Evaluation of 6-Mercaptopurine -Methotrexate Conjugate as Possible Mutual Prodrug." Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-ISSN: 1683 - 3597 , E-ISSN : 2521 - 3512) 28, no. 1 (June 12, 2019): 114–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31351/vol28iss1pp114-124.

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Small molecules drug conjugate mutual prodrug design (SMDC) composed of folate &lethal agent conjugate , rigidly bonded via hydrophilic bridge& self immolative disulfide bond ; represent new interesting approaches for cancer treatment , the component of SMDC intended to be as possible suit targeted folate receptor , along with greater conservation of component until reaching targeting tumor tissue . The designing & synthesis of compound VI & IIX derived from 6-MP & MTX conjugate altogether as mutual prodrug were processed forward successfully by multiple steps procedure , and by TLC spectrophotometry preliminary analysis assess in detection of products & their intermediate , along with their purity . The structure of two final compounds & their intermediate were proclaimed by melting point measurement , infrared spectrometry & HNMR analysis given results greatly correspond with theoretical proposed chemical structure of synthesized compounds . Furthermore anticancer evaluation on cell line level had been done for two final compound against MCF-7& SKO-3 types of cancer cell & the result were confirmed which show greater cytotoxic tumor activity of two final compound ,while compound IIX possess optimal activity proportional with increase number of 6-MP residue .

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PEDERSEN, BOLETTE SANDFORD. "Using shallow linguistic analysis to improve search on Danish compounds." Natural Language Engineering 13, no. 1 (June 9, 2006): 75–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1351324906004256.

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In this paper we focus on a specific search-related query expansion topic, namely search on Danish compounds and expansion to some of their synonymous phrases. Compounds constitute a specific issue in search, in particular in languages where they are written in one word, as is the case for Danish and the other Scandinavian languages. For such languages, expansion of the query compound into separate lemmas is a way of finding the often frequent alternative synonymous phrases in which the content of a compound can also be expressed. However, it is crucial to note that the number of irrelevant hits is generally very high when using this expansion strategy. The aim of this paper is therefore to examine how we can obtain better search results on split compounds, partly by looking at the internal structure of the original compound, partly by analyzing the context in which the split compound occurs. In this context, we pursue two hypotheses: (1) that some categories of compounds are more likely to have synonymous ‘split’ counterparts than others; and (2) that search results where both the search words (obtained by splitting the compound) occur in the same noun phrase, are more likely to contain a synonymous phrase to the original compound query. The search results from 410 enhanced compound queries are used as a test bed for our experiments. On these search results, we perform a shallow linguistic analysis and introduce a new, linguistically based threshold for retrieved hits. The results obtained by using this strategy demonstrate that compound splitting combined with a shallow linguistic analysis focusing on the argument structure of the compound head as well as on the recognition of NPs, can improve search by substantially bringing down the number of irrelevant hits.

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J.A Musa, Weny, Suleman Duengo, Ahmad Kadir Kilo, and Boima Situmeang. "Alkaloid compound from Tombili (Caesalpinia bonduc) as biopesticide agent on rice plants." Jurnal Pendidikan Kimia 12, no. 3 (December 30, 2020): 156–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/jpkim.v12i3.21165.

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The purpose of these study is to determine the effect of active compound from tombili seed extract as a vegetable pesticide in the prevention of soil pest in rice plants. The method of these researches is isolation to obtain pure isolates, characterization by using infrared spectrophotometer (IR) and UV-VIS spectrophotometer then following biological test. The isolates obtained were tested positive for phytochemical containing alkaloid compounds and characterized as amorphous crystals. Identification of IR spectrophotometer generate a functioning -NH wave group of the wavelengths region of 3423.4 cm-1, bend C-N at wave number 1242.1 cm-1, C-H stretch at wave number 2925.8 and 2854.5 cm-1, bend C-H at 1475 wave numbers 1540 cm-1, carbonyl group (C = O) at the 1720.4 cm-1 wave number which is probably an alkaloid compound. The UV-VIS spectrophotometer results in a maximum absorption at 209.9 nm wavelengths indicated the presence of double bonds between the C = O functional group suspected as a result of the successive electronic transitions to n-π * and n-σ *. The result of biological test showed that methanol extracts of tombili seed can be used as a vegetable pesticide in pest prevention on rice plants, the most effective concentration used in this biological test is at 0.1% concentration, with very high effectiveness in eradicating pest on rice plants.

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Paal, Michael, Katharina Habler, and Michael Vogeser. "Mass spectrometric sample identification with indicator compounds introduced via labeled sample tubes." Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) 59, no. 1 (January 26, 2021): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2020-0667.

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AbstractObjectivesThe risk of sample confusion continues to be a challenge for the pre-analytical part of the overall testing process. We here describe a novel system to track samples based on a chemical code labeling of test tubes with unique combinations of indicator compounds, which are naturally not present in specimens of human origin. As part of the sample vessel filling, the liquid specimens are permanently labeled with the compound code that can be tracked back to the primary tube.MethodsAs a proof of concept we used 10 stable-isotope-labeled derivates of medical drugs as indicator substances to create a combinatory 10-digit binary number ID for individual test tubes, i.e. presence/absence of the respective compound. For this purpose, combinations of indicator compounds were provided in evaporated form in polypropylene tubes prior to filling with anonymized patient whole blood and corresponding plasmas subjected to liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry designed to detect the 10 indicator compounds.ResultsIn the blind analysis, we correctly identified 307 different whole blood samples by readout of a 10-digit binary number ID based on the detection of indicator compounds with respect to their presence and number.ConclusionsWe have demonstrated the feasibility of an internal labeling procedure for diagnostic samples with mass spectrometry-based readout of dissolved indicator compound combinations as a binary number ID. With an increasing number of coding compounds (≫10) a vast number of combinations for sample labeling can be realized beyond the proof of concept setting studied herein.

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Singh, Vivek, and Jasmeet Singh. "Compound odontoma with unususal number of denticles- a case report." Journal of Chitwan Medical College 10, no. 2 (June 25, 2020): 81–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v10i2.29681.

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The term odontoma refers to hamartomatous lesions (malformations) rather than true neoplasms. They are the most common odontogenic tumour of jaws. They are slow growing in nature. Missing permanent tooth or retained deciduous tooth brings the patient to the clinician usually during second decade of life. Two types of odontomas has been described: complex and compound. The compound type is more common and frequently found in the anterior maxilla. A 15-year-old male patient reported to department Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, with missing permanent right central and lateral incisor with retained deciduous in place. Intraoral radiographs were done and multiple small denticles were seen. A total of 39 denticles of various sizes were enucleated from the lesion making this case very unusual.

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Power, Henry. "Low Reynolds number deformation of compound drops in shear flow." Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 16, no. 1 (January 1993): 61–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mma.1670160106.

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Wang, Xin, and Junxiang Yang. "Marathon athletes number recognition model with compound deep neural network." Signal, Image and Video Processing 14, no. 7 (April 10, 2020): 1379–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11760-020-01677-5.

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Bostock, H., A. B. Jacobsen, and H. Tankisi. "Motor unit number index and compound muscle action potential amplitude." Clinical Neurophysiology 130, no. 9 (September 2019): 1734–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2019.05.031.

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Jamei, Saeed, Agoes Priyanto, Adi Maimun, Mohammad Mobassher Tofa, Nor Azwadi, and Shuhaimi Mansor. "Ground Viscous Effect on Aerodynamics of a Compound Wing with Different Reynolds Number." Applied Mechanics and Materials 465-466 (December 2013): 379–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.465-466.379.

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The fly of wing-in-ground effect (WIG) crafts can be affected by ground boundary layers. In this study, the effect of ground viscous on aerodynamic coefficients of a compound wing of WIG craft was numerically investigated. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used for numerical study. The simulations were done respect to different ground clearance and Reynolds number. A realizable k-ε turbulent model was employed for the modelling flow field around the wing area. The numerical results of the compound wing for fixed ground validated with the experimental data. Aerodynamic coefficients of the compound wing were determined for fixed and moving ground. Accordingly, the numerical result presented that lift and drag coefficients and lift to drag ratio has been affected by ground boundary layers while moment coefficient and centre of pressure of compound wing had no more variation due to remove ground viscous. The effect of ground viscous on aerodynamics of the compound wing had a slight changes respect to Reynolds number. CFD can be employed as a good method to find the influence of ground viscous on aerodynamics of WIG crafts.

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GÖHLICH, H., T. LANGE, T. BERGMANN, and T. P. MARTIN. "EVIDENCE FOR MAGIC NUMBERS IN THE ELECTRONIC SHELL STRUCTURE OF LARGE CESIUM AND SODIUM CLUSTERS." Modern Physics Letters B 05, no. 02 (January 20, 1991): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984991000137.

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Magic numbers in cluster mass spectra can be caused by either geometric or electronic structure. The study of metallic compound clusters allows the number of atoms and the number of electrons in clusters to be controlled independently. We report magic numbers in the mass spectra of Cs-compound clusters and pure Na clusters containing up to 700 free electrons.

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Zuo, Yong, Shuai Ju, Li Ping Liu, Yang Li, and Hui Xie. "Analysis of Volatile Compounds in Bean Sprout by Simultaneous Distillation Extraction and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry." Advanced Materials Research 396-398 (November 2011): 1570–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.396-398.1570.

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Simultaneous distillation and extraction (SDE), Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) are used to analyze the volatile flavor compounds of bean sprouts, which are fermented with composite strains of different compatibility .The results showed that bean sprouts fermented by compound bacteria AN1: AE produced maximum flavor compounds. The number of the flavor compounds is 22, of which 5 were alcohols, 11 were esters and 6 others. Combined with organoleptic investigation, compound bacteria AN1: AE were preliminarily picked up as the best fermentation strain of bean sprouts

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Tanbin, Suriyea, Fazia Adyani Ahmad Fuad, and Azzmer Azzar Abdul Hamid. "Virtual Screening for Potential Inhibitors of Human Hexokinase II for the Development of Anti-Dengue Therapeutics." BioTech 10, no. 1 (December 28, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biotech10010001.

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Dengue fever, which is a disease caused by the dengue virus (DENV), is a major unsolved issue in many tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. The absence of treatment that effectively prevent further viral propagation inside the human’s body resulted in a high number of deaths globally each year. Thus, novel anti-dengue therapies are required for effective treatment. Human hexokinase II (HKII), which is the first enzyme in the glycolytic pathway, is an important drug target due to its significant impact on viral replication and survival in host cells. In this study, 23.1 million compounds were computationally-screened against HKII using the Ultrafast Shape Recognition with a CREDO Atom Types (USRCAT) algorithm. In total, 300 compounds with the highest similarity scores relative to three reference molecules, known as Alpha-D-glucose (GLC), Beta-D-glucose-6-phosphate (BG6), and 2-deoxyglucose (2DG), were aligned. Of these 300 compounds, 165 were chosen for further structure-based screening, based on their similarity scores, ADME analysis, the Lipinski’s Rule of Five, and virtual toxicity test results. The selected analogues were subsequently docked against each domain of the HKII structure (PDB ID: 2NZT) using AutoDock Vina programme. The three top-ranked compounds for each query were then selected from the docking results based on their binding energy, the number of hydrogen bonds formed, and the specific catalytic residues. The best docking results for each analogue were observed for the C-terminus of Chain B. The top-ranked analogues of GLC, compound 10, compound 26, and compound 58, showed predicted binding energies of −7.2, −7.0, and −6.10 kcal/mol and 7, 5, and 2 hydrogen bonds, respectively. The analogues of BG6, compound 30, compound 36, and compound 38, showed predicted binding energies of −7.8, −7.4, and −7.0 kcal/mol and 11, 9, and 5 hydrogen bonds, while the top three analogues of 2DG, known as compound 1, compound 4, and compound 31, showed predicted binding energies of −6.8, −6.3, and −6.3 kcal/mol and 4, 3, and 1 hydrogen bonds, sequentially. The highest-ranked compounds in the docking analysis were then selected for molecular dynamics simulation, where compound 10, compound 30, and compound 1, which are the analogues of GLC, BG6, and 2DG, have shown strong protein-ligand stability with an RMSD value of ±5.0 A° with a 5 H bond, ±4.0 A° with an 8 H bond, and ±0.5 A° with a 2 H bond, respectively, compared to the reference molecules throughout the 20 ns simulation time. Therefore, by using the computational studies, we proposed novel compounds, which may act as potential drugs against DENV by inhibiting HKII’s activity.

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Wang, Lanlan, Hongzhong Liu, Weitao Jiang, Rui Li, Fang Li, Zhongbo Yang, Lei Yin, Yongsheng Shi, and Bangdao Chen. "Capillary number encouraged the construction of smart biomimetic eyes." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 3, no. 23 (2015): 5896–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5tc00270b.

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Quintero, Catherine, and Ilona Kariv. "Design and Implementation of an Automated Compound Management System in Support of Lead Optimization." Journal of Biomolecular Screening 14, no. 5 (June 2009): 499–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087057109335326.

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To meet the needs of the increasingly rapid and parallelized lead optimization process, a fully integrated local compound storage and liquid handling system was designed and implemented to automate the generation of assay-ready plates directly from newly submitted and cherry-picked compounds. A key feature of the system is the ability to create project- or assay-specific compound-handling methods, which provide flexibility for any combination of plate types, layouts, and plate bar-codes. Project-specific workflows can be created by linking methods for processing new and cherry-picked compounds and control additions to produce a complete compound set for both biological testing and local storage in one uninterrupted workflow. A flexible cherry-pick approach allows for multiple, user-defined strategies to select the most appropriate replicate of a compound for retesting. Examples of custom selection parameters include available volume, compound batch, and number of freeze/thaw cycles. This adaptable and integrated combination of software and hardware provides a basis for reducing cycle time, fully automating compound processing, and ultimately increasing the rate at which accurate, biologically relevant results can be produced for compounds of interest in the lead optimization process.

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White, N. J., A. R. Gibb, L. D. Stringer, L. M. Manning, C. R. Unelius, K. C. Park, D. M. Suckling, and A. M. El-Sayed. "New attractants for Vespula vulgaris from honeydew." New Zealand Plant Protection 61 (August 1, 2008): 387. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2008.61.6857.

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The common wasp (Vespula vulgaris) is a major pest species in New Zealands forests and urban areas Attractants for wasps could enable new environmentallyfriendly management techniques against this invasive species Beech forest honeydew known to be attractive to vespid wasps was analysed using Solid Phase Micro Extraction Several volatile compounds were identified and two compounds (I and II) were tested for attraction in a Canterbury beech forest Four different lures (manuka honey; compound I; compound II; and a blend of compounds I and II) were placed in delta traps and the number of V vulgaris trapped recorded Compound II trapped significantly more V vulgaris than manuka honey and compound I and had significantly less honey bee (Apis mellifera) bycatch than the other three lures A controlled release experiment was carried out by placing 05 ml of compound II in vials with a 2 4 or 6 mm diameter hole or no hole in the lid The 4 mm treatment caught significantly more V vulgaris than the control no hole and 2 mm treatments A gravimetric release rate experiment on compound II in the laboratory showed a significant difference in weight loss between treatments These results suggest that compound II deserves further research as a wasp attractant

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Popa-Burke, Ioana, Steven Novick, Charles A. Lane, Robin Hogan, Pedro Torres-Saavedra, Brian Hardy, Brenda Ray, Melissa Lindsay, Iris Paulus, and Luke Miller. "The Effect of Initial Purity on the Stability of Solutions in Storage." Journal of Biomolecular Screening 19, no. 2 (June 19, 2013): 308–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087057113492201.

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Many modern compound-screening technologies are highly miniaturized, resulting in longer-lasting solution stocks in compound management laboratories. As the ages of some stocks stretch into years, it becomes increasingly important to ensure that the DMSO solutions remain of high quality. It can be a burden to check the quality of a large library of compound solutions continuously, and so a study was devised to link the effects of initial compound purity and physicochemical properties of the compounds with the current purity of DMSO solutions. Approximately 5000 compounds with initial purity of at least 80% were examined. Storage conditions were held or observed to be relatively constant and so were eliminated as potential predictors. This allowed the evaluation of the effects of other factors on the stability of solutions, such as initial purity, number of freeze-thaw cycles, age of the solution, and multiple calculated physicochemical parameters. Of all the factors investigated, initial purity was the only one that had a clear effect on stability. None of the other parameters investigated (physicochemical properties, number of freeze-thaw cycles, age of solutions) had a statistically significant effect on stability.

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30

Tempone, André Gustavo, Ana Cláudia Melo Pompeu da Silva, Carlos Alberto Brandt, Fernanda Scalzaretto Martinez, Samanta Etel Treiger Borborema, Maria Amélia Barata da Silveira, and Heitor Franco de Andrade. "Synthesis and Antileishmanial Activities of Novel 3-Substituted Quinolines." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 49, no. 3 (March 2005): 1076–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.49.3.1076-1080.2005.

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ABSTRACT The antileishmanial efficacy of four novel quinoline derivatives was determined in vitro against Leishmania chagasi, using extracellular and intracellular parasite models. When tested against L. chagasi-infected macrophages, compound 3b demonstrated 8.3-fold greater activity than did the standard pentavalent antimony. No significant activity was found for compounds 3a, 4a, and 4b. The antilesihmanial effect of compound 3b was independent of host cell activation, as demonstrated by nitric oxide production. Ultrastructural studies of promastigotes treated with compound 3b showed mainly enlarged mitochondria, with matrix swelling and reduction in the number of cristae. Synthetic analogues based on the quinoline ring structure, already an established template for antiparasitic drugs, could provide further useful compounds.

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31

Zhang, Yu-Liang, and Wen-Guang Li. "An analytical method for determining the optimum number of blades of the compound impeller in a low specific speed centrifugal pump." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering 234, no. 6 (June 21, 2020): 576–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954408920934665.

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Reasonable methods for determining the optimum number of blades in a low specific speed centrifugal pump with closed-type impeller with splitters, i.e. compound impeller have been rather rare in the literature so far. In the article, a new analytical method was put forward to determine such an optimum number of blades by including the effect of turbulent boundary layer over impeller blades. Three conventional impellers with different numbers of full-length blades and two compound impellers with different numbers of splitters were designed and manufactured. The corresponding performance tests were then conducted. Results showed that the optimum numbers of blades exist for two kinds of impeller in terms of head at design point, pump efficiencies at design point and best efficiency point, and slope of head-flow rate curve at shut-off point. The estimated optimum numbers of blades are in good agreement with the numbers based on the experiments. The conventional impellers with full-length blades are more prone to the hump phenomenon than the compound impellers at the optimum numbers of blades. For the compound impellers, however, the hump effect is negligible at the optimum number of blades, and their head and efficiency are higher than those for the impellers with full-length blades. The method is applicable to compound impeller design in low specific speed centrifugal pumps.

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32

Fawzy, Hamza, Qun Zheng, Naseem Ahmad, and Yuting Jiang. "Optimization of A Swirl with Impingement Compound Cooling Unit for A Gas Turbine Blade Leading Edge." Energies 13, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13010210.

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In this article, a compound unit of swirl and impingement cooling techniques is designed to study the performance of flow and heat transfer using multi-conical nozzles in a leading-edge of a gas turbine blade. Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes equations and the Shear Stress Transport model are numerically solved under different nozzle Reynolds numbers and temperature ratios. Results indicated that the compound cooling unit could achieve a 99.7% increase in heat transfer enhancement by increasing the nozzle Reynolds number from 10,000 to 25,000 at a constant temperature ratio. Also, there is an 11% increase in the overall Nusselt number when the temperature ratio increases from 0.65 to 0.95 at identical nozzle Reynolds number. At 10,000 and 15,000 of nozzle Reynolds numbers, the compound cooling unit achieves 47.9% and 39.8% increases and 63.5% and 66.3% increases in the overall Nusselt number comparing with the available experimental swirl and impingement models, respectively. A correlation for the overall Nusselt number is derived as a function of nozzle Reynolds number and temperature ratio to optimize the results. The current study concluded that the extremely high zones and uniform distribution of heat transfer are perfectly achieved with regard to the characteristics of heat transfer of the compound cooling unit.

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33

Habib, M. Anwar, ASM Anisuzzaman, RK Barman, M. Abdul Gafur, and M. Tofazzal Haque. "Isolation and Characterization of Hypolipidemic Compound from Cajanus cajan." TAJ: Journal of Teachers Association 24, no. 1 (June 30, 2011): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/taj.v24i1.37441.

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The study was carried out to identify the compound responsible for hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic effects of Cajanus cajan (redgram). The methanol extract of redgram seeds was found to decrease fasting blood glucose and lipid profile (p<0.001) on streptozotocin-induced mice compared to control. This activity- guided fraction led to the isolation of a compound, substituted benzene containing polyhydroxy functions fused with lactone (CCA3) by analysis of 1H and 13C-NMR data. Biological studies of the isolated compound possessed prominent hypolipidemic activity. Although a number of hypoglycemic compounds are reported, yet not any hypolipidemic compound from redgram. The compound CCA3 seems to be the first report on hypolipidemic activity from methanol extract of redgram. TAJ 2011; 24(1): 6-10

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34

Sharma, Urvashi, Rahul Sharma, Anubha Gulati, Renu Yadav, and Krishan Gauba. "Compound composite odontoma with unusual number of denticles – A rare entity." Saudi Dental Journal 22, no. 3 (July 2010): 145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sdentj.2010.04.009.

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35

Villars, P., K. Brandenburg, M. Berndt, S. LeClair, A. Jackson, Y. H. Pao, B. Igelnik, et al. "Binary, ternary and quaternary compound former/nonformer prediction via Mendeleev number." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 317-318 (April 2001): 26–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8388(00)01410-9.

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36

Sheng, Lijuan, Maoan Han, and Yun Tian. "On the Number of Limit Cycles Bifurcating from a Compound Polycycle." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 30, no. 07 (June 15, 2020): 2050099. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127420500996.

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This paper focuses on the number of limit cycles bifurcating from a symmetrical compound polycycle with three saddles. We use two methods, the Melnikov function method and the method of stability-changing of a homoclinic loop or a double homoclinic loop to study this problem. We find 15 limit cycles and 16 limit cycles respectively with four alien limit cycles under certain conditions.

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37

Al-Darraji, Asmaa S., and Mohamed H.Mohamed. "Synthesis and Preliminary Anticancer Evaluation of 6-Mercaptopurine –Methotrexate Conjugate as Possible Mutual Prodrug." Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-ISSN: 1683 - 3597 , E-ISSN : 2521 - 3512) 28, no. 1 (June 9, 2019): 113–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31351/vol28iss1pp113-123.

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Small molecules drug conjugate mutual prodrug design (SMDC) composed of folate and lethal agent conjugate, rigidly bonded via hydrophilic bridge and self immolative disulfide bond ; represent new interesting approaches for cancer treatment , the component of SMDC intended for targeting folate receptor , along with greater conservation of component until reaching the target tumor tissue . The designing and synthesis of compound VI and VIII derived from 6-Mercaptopurine (6-MP) and Methotrexate ( MTX) conjugate altogether as mutual prodrugs were processed forward successfully by multistep reaction procedures , and by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) for preliminary detection of products and their intermediates, along with their purity. The structures of two final compounds and their intermediates were proclaimed by melting point measurement, infrared spectrometry and ¹HNMR analysis given results greatly correspond with theoretical proposed chemical structure of synthesized compounds. Furthermore, cytotoxic activity evaluation on cell line level had been done for two final compounds against human breast tumor cell (MCF-7) and human ovarian tumor cell (SKO-3) types of cancer cell line and the results were confirmed which show greater cytotoxic tumor activity of two final compounds, while compound VI possess optimal activity proportional with increased number of 6-MP molecules.

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38

Strandjord, Andrew, Thorsten Teutsch, Axel Scheffler, Bernd Otto, Anna Paat, Oscar Alinabon, and Jing Li. "Wafer Level Packaging of Compound Semiconductors." Journal of Microelectronics and Electronic Packaging 7, no. 3 (July 1, 2010): 152–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/imaps.263.

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The microelectronics industry has implemented a number of different wafer level packaging (WLP) technologies for high volume manufacturing, including: UBM deposition, solder bumping, wafer thinning, and dicing. These technologies were successfully developed and implemented at a number of contract manufacturing companies, and then licensed to many of the semiconductor manufacturers and foundries. The largest production volumes for these technologies are for silicon-based semiconductors. Continuous improvements and modifications to these WLP processes have made them compatible with the changes observed over the years in silicon semiconductor technologies. These industry changes include: the move from aluminum to copper interconnect metallurgy, increases in wafer size, decreases in pad pitch, and the use of Low-K dielectrics. In contrast, the direct transfer of these WLP technologies to compound semiconductor devices, like GaAs, SiC, InP, GaN, and sapphire; has been limited due to a number of technical compatibility issues, several perceived compatibility issues, and some business concerns From a technical standpoint, many compound semiconductor devices contain fragile air bridges, gold bond pads, topographical cavities and trenches, and have a number of unique bulk material properties which are sensitive to the mechanical and chemical processes associated with the standard WLP operations used for silicon wafers. In addition, most of the newer contract manufacturing companies and foundries have implemented mostly 200 and 300 mm wafer capabilities into their facilities. This limits the number of places that one can outsource the processing of 100 and 150 mm compound semiconductor wafers. Companies that are processing large numbers of silicon based semiconductor wafers at their facilities are reluctant to process many of these compound semiconductors because there is a perceived risk of cross contamination between the different wafer materials. Companies are not willing to risk their current business of processing silicon wafers by introducing these new materials into existing process flows. From a business perspective, many companies are reluctant to take the liability risks associated with some of the very high-value compound semiconductors. In addition, the volumes for many of the compound semiconductor devices are very small compared with silicon based devices, thus making it hard to justify interruption in the silicon wafer flows to accommodate these lower volume products. In spite of these issues and perceptions, the markets for compound semiconductors are expanding. Several high profile examples include the increasing number of frequency and power management devices going into cell phones, light emitting diodes, and solar cells The strategy for the work described in this paper is to protect all structures and surfaces with either a spin-on resist or a laminated film during each step in the process flow. These layers will protect the wafer from mechanical and chemical damage, and at the same time protect the fab from contamination by the compound semiconductor.

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39

Tutel, Yusuf, Gökhan Sevinç, Betül Küçüköz, Elif Akhuseyin Yildiz, Ahmet Karatay, Fatih Mehmet Dumanoğulları, Halil Yılmaz, Mustafa Hayvali, and Ayhan Elmali. "Ultrafast Electron/Energy Transfer and Intersystem Crossing Mechanisms in BODIPY-Porphyrin Compounds." Processes 9, no. 2 (February 8, 2021): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9020312.

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Meso-substituted borondipyrromethene (BODIPY)-porphyrin compounds that include free base porphyrin with two different numbers of BODIPY groups (BDP-TTP and 3BDP-TTP) were designed and synthesized to analyze intramolecular energy transfer mechanisms of meso-substituted BODIPY-porphyrin dyads and the effect of the different numbers of BODIPY groups connected to free-base porphyrin on the energy transfer mechanism. Absorption spectra of BODIPY-porphyrin conjugates showed wide absorption features in the visible region, and that is highly valuable to increase light-harvesting efficiency. Fluorescence spectra of the studied compounds proved that BODIPY emission intensity decreased upon the photoexcitation of the BODIPY core, due to the energy transfer from BODIPY unit to porphyrin. In addition, ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy measurements indicated that the energy transfer of the 3BDP-TTP compound (about 3 ps) is faster than the BDP-TTP compound (about 22 ps). Since the BODIPY core directly binds to the porphyrin unit, rapid energy transfer was seen for both compounds. Thus, the energy transfer rate increased with an increasing number of BODIPY moiety connected to free-base porphyrin.

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40

Wahyuningsih, Tutik Dwi, and Yehezkiel Steven Kurniawan. "Synthesis of Dioxo-Dioxane and Dioxo-Dioxepane Ethyl Oleate Derivatives as Bio-Lubricant Base Stocks." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 20, no. 3 (May 9, 2020): 503. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.42317.

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In this study, two novel compounds, i.e., ethyl 8-(3-octyl-5,6-dioxo-1,4-dioxan-2-yl)octanoate and ethyl 8-(3-octyl-5,7-dioxo-1,4-dioxepan-2-yl)octanoate were prepared from oleic acid as the starting material. Both compounds were obtained from the esterification of the ethyl 9,10-dihydroxyoctadecanoate with dicarboxylic acids in the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid as a catalyst. The chemical structures of the synthesized products were confirmed by FTIR, 1H-NMR, and MS spectrometers. The bio-lubricant properties of the products, such as density, total acid number, total base number, and iodine value, were determined and the effect of the dioxane and dioxepane heterocyclic rings to their bio-lubricant properties was discussed. The esterification of ethyl 9,10-dihydroxyoctadecanoate with oxalic acid gave ethyl 8-(3-octyl-5,6-dioxo-1,4-dioxan-2-yl)octanoate compound in 93.9% yield, while the esterification of ethyl 9,10-dihydroxyoctadecanoate with malonic acid gave ethyl 8-(3-octyl-5,7-dioxo-1,4-dioxepan-2-yl)octanoate compound in 89.6% yield. The density and total base number of the products were close to the standard commercial lubricant values. Meanwhile, the total acid number and the iodine value of the ethyl 8-(3-octyl-5,6-dioxo-1,4-dioxan-2-yl)octanoate were smaller than the standard commercial lubricant, showing that this compound is a promising bio-lubricant in a real application.

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41

Koester, Dirk, Th C. Gunter, S. Wagner, and A. D. Friederici. "Morphosyntax, Prosody, and Linking Elements: The Auditory Processing of German Nominal Compounds." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 16, no. 9 (November 2004): 1647–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/0898929042568541.

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The morphosyntactic decomposition of German compound words and a proposed function of linking elements were examined during auditory processing using event-related brain potentials. In Experiment 1, the syntactic gender agreement was manipulated between a determiner and the initial compound constituent (the “nonhead” constituent), and between a determiner and the last constituent (“head”). Although only the head is (morpho)syntactically relevant in German, both constituents elicited a left-anterior negativity if its gender was incongruent. This strongly suggests that compounds are morphosyntactically decomposed. Experiment 2 tested the function of those linking elements which are homophonous to plural morphemes. It has been previously suggested that these indicate the number of nonhead constituents. The number agreement was manipulated for both constituents analogous to Experiment 1. Number-incongruent heads, but not nonhead constituents, elicited an N400 and a subsequent broad negativity, suggesting that linking elements are not processed as plural morphemes. Experiment 3 showed that prosodic cues (duration and fundamental frequency) are employed to differentiate between compounds and single nouns and, thereby, betwen linking elements and plural morphemes. Number-incongruent words elicited a broad negativity if they were produced with a single noun prosody; the same words elicited no event-related potential effect if produced with a compound prosody. A dual-route model can account for the influence of prosody on morphosyntactic processing.

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42

Jia, Yifan, Difei Yu, Qiuhua Huang, Xiaodong Zhang, Liqin Qiu, Rihui Cao, Runlei Du, and Wenbin Liu. "Design and Synthesis of 4(1H)-quinolone Derivatives as Autophagy Inducing Agents by Targeting ATG5 Protein." Letters in Drug Design & Discovery 17, no. 7 (July 6, 2020): 884–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570180816666191122113045.

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Background: Quinolines have been characterized as a class of potential antitumor agents, and a large number of natural and synthetic quinolines acting as antitumor agents were reported. Methods: A series of 7-chloro-4(1H)-quinolone derivatives were synthesized. The antiproliferative effect of these compounds was evaluated by MTT assay against five human tumor cell lines. The mechanism of action of the selected compound 7h was also investigated. Results and Discussion: Most of the compounds had more potent antiproliferative activities than the lead compound 7-chloro-4(1H)-quinolone 6b. Compound 7h was found to be the most potent antiproliferative agent against human tumor cell lines. Further investigation demonstrated that compound 7h triggered ATG5-dependent autophagy of colorectal cancer cells by promoting the functions of LC3 proteins. Conclusion: These results were useful for designing and discovering more potent novel antitumor agents endowed with better pharmacological profiles.

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43

Pruglo, Ye S. "The research of anti-inflammatory activity of 5-(5-bromofuran-2-yl)-4-ethyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-thion S-derivatives." Farmatsevtychnyi zhurnal, no. 5 (September 4, 2018): 78–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.32352/0367-3057.5.15.04.

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The studing of anti-inflammatory activity of the novel compounds may give rise to the using of safer and more active drugs in the treatment of diseases which are shown NSAIDs. To further study the pharmacological properties of the synthesized c compounds were studied for acute toxicity and anti-inflammatory activity of 5-thio derivates of 3-(5-вromofuran-2-yl)-4-ethyl-(4H)-1,2,4-triazole at white rats by formalin method of acute edema. After investigation of anti-inflammatory activity in vivo of first synthesized 1,2,4-triazole derivatives it was found that potassium salt of 2-(4-ethyl-5-(5-bromfuran-2-yl)-1,2,4-triazoles 3-iltio) acetic acid (Compound 24) had the most significant anti-inflammatory activity. This compound suppressed the formation of edema quotes of rats at 59.87% and was more active than the reference drug diclofenac at 15.13%. There were established the patterns regarding chemical structure and pharmacological action of these substances. So replacing of bromine atom at the dimethylamino group in the para-position of the phenyl radical in the molecule of N'-(4-brombenzyliden)-2-((5-(5-bromfuran-2-yl)-4-ethyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-yl)tio)acetic hydrazid (Compound 36) was accompanied by appearence of the anti-inflammatory action. It was revealed that in the number from the ammonium salt (Compound 30) to monoethanolamonium salt (Compound 23) and to the morpholinum salt (Compound 22) it was observed an increase of inflammation and probably growing number of pro-inflammatory mediators released.

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44

Zhi-Guo, Zhang, Sun Di, and Wang Mei-Lin. "Alternative to Nitrites as Antibacterial Agents Against Clostridium sporogenes." Current Topics in Nutraceutical Research 17, no. 3 (April 18, 2018): 242–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.37290/ctnr2641-452x.17:242-248.

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Microbial spoilage is one of the key challenges to food preservation and safety. Sodium nitrite, the commonly used antibacterial, is associated with the generation of nitroso compounds known to impose a number of health risks including cancer. In this article, we report a comparison of a number of food-grade antibacterials, not known to generate nitroso compounds, for the inhibition of Clostridium sporogenes. These include e-poly-lysine, potassium cinnamate, chitosan, and glycerol monolaurate. We examined the effects of these agents alone and in combination on cell morphology, cell wall, cell membrane permeability, and bacterial proteins of C. sporogenes. The results show that these agents primarily act to inhibit C. sporogenes growth during log phase. Further analysis with flow cytometry and scanning electron microscopy revealed that the compound can induce changes to the morphology of C. sporogenes cells and, more significantly, to the internal structure of the cells. Treatment of C. sporogenes with the compound inhibited the normal growth of bacterial cells by damaging their wall structure and increasing their wall permeability. The changing pattern of electric conductivity indicated that the compound destroyed cytoplasmic membranes and resulted in ion leakage. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of soluble proteins concluded that the compound can destroy bacterial cells by altering their proteins.

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45

Lee, Joo-Eun, Nguyen Thi Thanh Thuy, Youngju Lee, Namki Cho, and Hee Min Yoo. "An Antiproliferative ent-Kaurane Diterpene Isolated from the Roots of Mallotus japonicus Induced Apoptosis in Leukemic Cells." Natural Product Communications 15, no. 1 (January 2020): 1934578X1989749. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x19897496.

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Mallotus japonicus has been evaluated for the treatment of dermatitis, inflammatory conditions, and cancer. Diterpenes, one of the major constituents of M. japonicus, possess various pharmacological effects. In this study, 2 known diterpenes, anomaluone (6) and 16-epiabbeokutone (7), along with other known compounds, 2-hydroxy ferulic acid (1), bergenin (2), gallocatechin (3), catechin (4), erythro,erythro-1-[4-[2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-(hydroxymethyl) ethoxy]-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl]-1,2,3- propanetriol (5), and gallincin (8), were isolated from M. japonicus. Cytotoxicity assays in blood cancer cell models demonstrated that M. japonicus compounds possess potent antiproliferative activity. In addition, treatment with compound 6 increased the number of apoptotic cells, led to cell-cycle arrest at the subG0/G1 phase, and decreased the number of cells in the S and G2/M phases. Compound 6 also displayed potent mitochondrial depolarization effects in Jurkat cells. These findings revealed that the cytotoxic effects of 6 were mediated by intracellular signaling, possibly through a mechanism involving upregulation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. Thus, compound 6 could be a potential multi-target therapeutic agent for leukemia.

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46

Tshering, Kipchu, and Mir Misbahuddin. "In silico prediction of telomerase reverse transcriptase inhibitors using modified retinol for the treatment of arsenical cancer." Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Journal 9, no. 3 (September 21, 2016): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bsmmuj.v9i3.29650.

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<p align="left">Retinol molecule was modified to predict the inhibitors of telomerase reverse transcriptase for the treatment of arsenical cancer through <em>in silico</em> study. Telomerase activity is expressed in the cancerous conditions which can be the target for anticancer activity by inhibiting telomerase reverse transcriptase enzyme. The inhibitors were predicted through molecular docking of modified retinol with telomerase reverse transcriptase. Taking into account of low binding energy and high binding affinity two new compounds, compound number 606 and compound number 609 were predicted as the inhibitors of telomerase reverse transcriptase for the treatment of arsenical cancer. The prediction of these two compounds was further supported by drug-likeness test through Administration, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion and Toxicity evaluation. The compounds were also compared with some of the known inhibitors of telomerase reverse transcriptase. </p>

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47

Kim, Dae Gon, Hyung Sun Jang, Jong Woong Kim, and Seung Boo Jung. "Investigations of Interfacial Reaction and Shear Strength between Pb-Free Flip Chip Solder and Electroplated Cu UBM." Key Engineering Materials 297-300 (November 2005): 863–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.297-300.863.

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In the present work, we investigated the interfacial reactions and shear properties between Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu flip chip solder bump and Cu UBM after multiple reflows. The quantitative analyses of the intermetallic compound layer thickness as a function of the number of reflows were performed. After six reflows, the reaction product could be distinguished by two intermetallic compounds: Cu3Sn adjacent to the substrate and Cu6Sn5 which was the dominant phase. The thickness of total intermetallic compound layers increased with the number of reflows. The shear strength value did not significantly change as a function of the number of reflows. Nearly all of the test specimens showed ductile failure mode, and this could be well explained with the results of FEM analyses.

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48

Ueno, Hiroko, Masaru Yamazawa, Kazuhiro Shikakume, and Kin-Ichi Tsunoda. "Calibration Reliability for the Determination of Each Volatile Organic Compound in Smaller Compound Number Mixture Solutions with Multi-Element Volatile Organic Compounds Mixture Standard Solution." BUNSEKI KAGAKU 59, no. 2 (2010): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2116/bunsekikagaku.59.117.

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49

Mandal, Vivekananda, Sukanta K. Sen, and Narayan C. Mandal. "Detection, Isolation and Partial Characterization of Antifungal Compound(s) Produced by Pediococcus acidilactici LAB 5." Natural Product Communications 2, no. 6 (June 2007): 1934578X0700200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x0700200610.

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Pediococcus acidilactici LAB 5 produces antifungal compound(s), as well as bacteriocin, which was isolated from vacuum packed fermented meat. This bacterium exhibits varying degrees of antifungal activity against a number of food and feed borne molds and plant pathogenic fungi, such as Alternaria solani, Aspergillus fumigaus, A. parasiticus, Cladosporium herbarum, Colletotrichum acutatum, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium oxysporum, Microsporium sp, Mucor sp, and Penicillium sp. The production of antifungal compound(s) showed a great degree of media specificity and it was strictly restricted to MRS agar media. No production of antifungal compounds was detected in TGE, and TGE+ Tween 80 plates, though the latter supported the highest amount of bacteriocin production at 37°C after 24 hrs. Antifungal compound produced by LAB 5 was extracted using diethyl ether. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of the compound were determined against Curvularia lunata. Chemically the antifungal substance was a phenolic compound with aromatic unsaturation, as evidenced by UV and IR spectroscopy. This is the first report of the production of antifungal compounds by Pediococcus acidilactici LAB 5.

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50

Alheety, Nuaman. "Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity Study of Some New Substituted Benzoxazole Derivatives." Baghdad Science Journal 16, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 616. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2019.16.3.616.

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This research included the preparation of 2-mercaptobenzoxazole (N1) by the reaction of ortho-aminophenol with carbon disulfide in an alcoholic potassium hydroxide solution. The 2-mercapto benzoxazole (N1) was then treated with hydrazine to obtain the 2-hydrazino benzoxazole (N2). A number of hydrazones (N3-N5) were prepared through the reaction of N2 with different benzaldehydes. The compound (N6) was also prepared whereby the ring closing of hydrazone (N3) using chloroacetylchloride, while the compound (N7) was prepared by treating 2-hydrazino benzoxazole with acetylacetone. When the compound (N1) was treated with formaldehyde, it afforded the compound (N8). Also, the N9 was obtained from the reaction of N1 with chloroacetic acid in the presence of alcoholic potassium hydroxide. The prepared compounds were characterized using physico-chemical and spectroscopic methods such as melting point, infrared spectroscopy (IR) and the proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR). Thereafter, some of the compounds were selected for in vitro antibacterial activity and one of these compounds showed an inhibition effect against gram positive only which is very important because it is considered as specific antibacterial drug.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Compound number'

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