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2
Hong, Chew Soo. The rationality of accepting compounds of unattractive gambles. Toronto: Department of Economics, University of Toronto, 1987.
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Faria, Dionilce Silva de. Vocabulário de palavras hifenizadas e pluralizadas. Niterói: Nitpress, 2011.
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Meini, Monica. Nella terra dei melograni. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-260-8.
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Northern Albania, the "land of the pomegranates", is a region where culture and nature are intimately bound up. This hypertext is proposed as an innovative tool of scientific divulgation for the valorisation of this precious and little-known territory, while also lending itself to various types of exploitation for tourist purposes. The itineraries, which radiate outwards from the city of Scutari, are presented through synthetic factsheets, composed using a simple and immediate language, and deriving from direct observation. Precisely because of its multiple functions, the hypertext has been organised at a number of levels: from simple description to historic and literary references or the reports of travellers, through to the detailing of the tourist resources available.
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Kubny, Alfons, Reimund Jotter, Hans-Jürgen Fachmann, B. Kalbskopf, and U. Nohl. Sulfur-Nitrogen Compounds: Compounds with Sulfur of Oxidation Number II. Springer, 1997.
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Baumann, Norbert, Peter Merlet, Brigitte Heibel, Alfons Kubny, Gerhard Czack, Reimund Jotter, Joachim Wagner, and Hans-Jürgen Fachmann. S Sulfur-Nitrogen Compounds: Compounds with Sulfur of Oxidation Number IV. Springer, 1990.
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Baumann, Norbert, Brigitte Heibel, Alfons Kubny, R. Bohrer, Reimund Jotter, Hans-Jürgen Fachmann, U. Nohl, Birgit Ledüc, U. Hettwer, and H. J. Richter-Ditten. S Sulfur-Nitrogen Compounds: Compounds with Sulfur of Oxidation Number IV. Springer, 2013.
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8
Whitesell, Lloyd. Wonderful Design. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190843816.001.0001.
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Glamour is an elusive aspect of cinematic style. This book critically examines previous scholarship on glamour; defines the concept as a compound of artifice, allure, and magic; and examines the phenomenon at work in the genre of the film musical. The focus is on the role of music in representing glamour, and the stylistic and semiotic conventions by which glamour is embodied in sound. The book develops an analytical framework that applies across media, the better to appreciate music’s collaborative role within multimedia spectacle. First, glamour is situated as one of a handful of “style modes” orienting stylistic treatment in musical numbers. Second, glamour is shown to blend four distinct aesthetic parameters: sensuousness, restraint, elevation, and sophistication. Instead of being interpreted in relation to film narrative, the musical number is treated as a semiautonomous locus of meaning and expression, with its own formal demands and the power to eclipse narrative logic. Dozens of musical numbers are analyzed, drawn from more than eighty films, exploring glamour from the perspectives of arranging and orchestrational technique, the fantasies awoken in the spectator, and the invocation of magical belief. Anticonsumerist critiques of glamour are evaluated alongside counterarguments upholding glamour’s transformative and sustaining potential. Concluding discussion shows how the musical genre has affinities with the hybrid aesthetic of “magical realism.”
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Compound Semiconductors 2001 (Institute of Physics Conference Series Number 170). Taylor & Francis, 2002.
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Fachmann, Han-Jurgen. S Sulfur - Sulfur Nitrogen Compounds: Compounds With Sulfur of Oxidation Number 11 (Gmelin - Handbooks of Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry , Part 11). 8th ed. Springer, 1997.
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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Crystal growth of ZnSe and related ternary compound semiconductors by physical vapor transport: Final report, contract number: NAS8-39718. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1997.
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Grove, Robert Allan. Evaluation of current agricultural practices and organophosphorus insecticide use in relation to ring-necked pheasant numbers at Klamath Basin Refuges, California. 1995.
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B, Singh N., Glicksman M. E, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Local and global bifurcations of flow fields during physical vapor transport: Application to a microgravity experiment. [Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1996.
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15
Beal, Amy C. Sonatas, Suites, and String Quartets. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039157.003.0007.
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This chapter examines Beyer's instrumental chamber works and pieces for symphony orchestra or large ensemble. Beyer's two suites for solo clarinet, composed in 1932, are landmark works of dissonant counterpoint and modernist formalism. These clarinet suites are compositionally intricate and virtuosic in their demands. These are important in their theoretical implications, and they started Beyer down a path of writing a number of pieces for woodwinds. Meanwhile, Beyer composed only two duos for strings and piano: Movement for Double Bass and Piano (1936) and Suite for Violin and Piano (January 1937). She also composed four works for string quartet: String Quartet (1933–34), String Quartet No. 2 (July 1936), Movement for String Quartet (also called Dance for Strings, 1938), and String Quartet IV (undated).
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Au Gold - Supplement Volume: Compounds With Metals - Gmelin System Numbers 26 to 61 (Gmelin - Handbooks of Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry , Part B, Sec. 4). 8th ed. Springer, 1997.
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Tsaturyan, Avetis. Theoretical-practical bases of high-performance liquid chromatography. YSU Publishing House, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46991/ysuph/9785808424906.
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This is a training manual on theoretical-practical bases of high-performance liquid chromatography for YSU Institute of Pharmacy Pharmacy students studying Pharmaceutical Chemistry (for laboratory and independent work). The manual presents the theory of the method of high-performance liquid chromatography, the principles of quantitative-qualitative identification of compounds, a number of other indicators related to liquid chromatography. Laboratory experiments are presented to help students to consolidate and test the acquired knowledge.
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Pearce, Tim C. Chemosensation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199674923.003.0017.
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Olfaction in animals still surpasses any technological solution to chemical sensing yet conceived. While certain classes of molecular detection technologies may be capable of high sensitivity to a restricted number of compounds, unique to the biological system is its astonishing dynamic range (over 10 orders of magnitude), combining both extreme levels of sensitivity to certain key compounds of behavioural importance and varying levels of discrimination between an almost infinite variety of ligands, presented both individually and in complex combinations. For over 30 years the olfactory system of insects and mammals has provided biological sensing factors, rich inspiration, and processing principles for use in developing chemical sensing technologies. Here we focus on three such technological translations: recent rapid progress in measuring directly from olfactory binding/receptor proteins and chemosensory neurons as a biohybrid solution to chemical sensing; olfactory system based processing principles and architectures that have been applied to existing chemosensor technologies to achieve real-world sensing performance gains; and full-blown neuromorphic implementations of the olfactory pathways of animals.
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Beal, Amy C. Compositional Beginnings, 1933–1936. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039157.003.0002.
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This chapter examines Beyer's compositional beginnings. Aside from several solo pieces composed in 1931 and 1932—a piano waltz and two solo clarinet suites, respectively—Beyer composed several chamber pieces during 1933. She continued making strides in her compositional work and developed new working methods. By December 1934, Beyer was gaining recognition for her music, but no money. Like most musicians during the Depression, Beyer struggled financially. However, despite foreclosures and other threats, the year 1935 brought some relief through the Works Progress Administration and its associated initiatives, and it is probably during this time that she taught piano under the auspices of the Federal Music Project. Eventually, Beyer had the first of her two Composers' Forum-Laboratory concerts on May 20, 1936, during which a number of her pieces were performed.
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Schacher, Jan C. Algorithmic Spatialization. Edited by Roger T. Dean and Alex McLean. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190226992.013.12.
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Beginning with a brief historical overview of spatial audio and music practices, this chapter looks at principles of sound spatialization, algorithms for composing and rendering spatial sound and music, and different techniques of spatial source positioning and sound space manipulation. These operations include composing with abstract objects in a sound scene, creating compound sounds using source clusters, altering spatial characteristics by means of spectral sound decomposition, and the manipulation of artificial acoustic spaces. The chapter goes on to discuss practical issues of live spatialization and, through an example piece, the ways a number of different algorithms collaborate in the constitution of a generative audio-visual installation with surround audio and video. Finally, the challenges and pitfalls of using spatialization and some of the common reasons for failure are brought to attention.
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Shrock, Dennis. Josquin Desprez – Missa Pange Lingua. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190469023.003.0001.
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The historical portion of this chapter presents material about Josquin’s artistic status during the Renaissance, including testimonies by Martin Luther, Hans Ott, and Heinrich Glareanus. Included also is an overview of Josquin’s Masses, with focus on his final Mass—the Missa Pange lingua, composed sometime after 1515 but not published until 1539, after Josquin’s death. However, numerous copies of the Mass existed during and shortly after Josquin’s lifetime. The analysis portion of the chapter discusses Josquin’s imitative technique, extensive use of ostinatos, and paraphrase of Gregorian chant. Performance practices include numbers, types, and placements of singers; meter, tactus, and tempo; text underlay; and musica ficta and music recta.
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Scerri, Eric R. The Periodic Table: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198842323.001.0001.
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The periodic table of elements provides an arrangement of the chemical elements, ordered by their atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties. The Periodic Table: A Very Short Introduction considers what led to the table’s construction and shows how the deeper meaning of its structure gradually became apparent with the development of atomic theory and quantum mechanics, which underlies the behaviour of all of the elements and their compounds. This new edition celebrates the completion of the seventh period of the table, with the ratification and naming of elements 113, 115, 117, and 118 as nihonium, moscovium, tennessine, and oganesson, and incorporates recent advances in our understanding of the origin of the elements.
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Keag, Oonagh, and E. Sarah Cooper. Prematurity, multiple gestation, and abnormal presentation. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198713333.003.0033.
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Preterm labour is a common cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. This chapter describes the definition, aetiology, diagnosis, and management of preterm labour and delivery with a focus on tocolytic therapy, the use of antenatal corticosteroids, and of magnesium sulphate. Anaesthesia for preterm delivery is discussed. The section on multiple pregnancy details the recommended antenatal careplan for dichorionic and monochorionic twin pregnancies, the fetal and maternal risks and potential complications, and the management of labour and delivery of twins, as well as the anaesthetist’s role in managing these high-risk pregnancies. There are a number of abnormal presentations managed by obstetricians, including abnormal cephalic presentations such as occiputo-posterior positions, breech, transverse, and compound presentations. This chapter focuses specifically on breech presentation, comparing the evidence for vaginal breech delivery versus planned caesarean delivery. It also discusses external cephalic version and vaginal breech delivery itself.
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Cheng, Russell. Randomized-Parameter Models. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198505044.003.0013.
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This chapter does not involve non-standard behaviour but is included as a contribution to the broader book theme on model building. The basic idea is to obtain greater flexibility in fitting a standard two-parameter base distribution by multiplying one of its parameters by a one-parameter mixing random variable with mean unity. Absorbing the random effect by integration yields what will be called a randomized parameter (also called compound) distribution depending on all three parameters involved. This chapter collects together a large number of examples where there is a gamma mixing distribution. Their tail behaviour is compared. For the cases where the base distribution is the Pearson Type III or V, the randomized three-parameter model is the Pearson Type VI, providing a different view of the relationship between these distributions previously examined via embeddedness. Fits obtained using some of these models in a real-data example are given.
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Commision for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compound. Maximum Concentrations at the Workplace and Biological Tolerance Values for Working Materials, 1991 (Report Number XXV, Commission for the Investigation ... of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area). Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, 1991.
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Prados, John. The US Special Forces. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780199354283.001.0001.
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The assassination of Osama bin Laden by SEAL Team 6 in May 2011 will certainly figure among the greatest achievements of US Special Forces. After nearly ten years of searching, they descended into his Pakistan compound in the middle of the night, killed him, and secreted the body back into Afghanistan. Interest in these forces had always been high, but it spiked to new levels following this success. There was a larger lesson here too. For serious jobs, the president invariably turns to the US Special Forces: the SEALs, Delta Force, the Green Berets, and the USAF’s Special Tactics squad. Given that secretive grab-and-snatch operations in remote locales characterize contemporary warfare as much as traditional firefights, the Special Forces now fill a central role in American military strategy and tactics. Not surprisingly, the daring and secretive nature of these commando operations has generated a great deal of interest. The American public has an overwhelmingly favorable view of the forces, and nations around the world recognize them as the most capable fighting units: the tip of the American spear, so to speak. But how much do we know about them? What are their origins? What function do they fill in the larger military structure? Who can become a member? What do trainees have to go through? What sort of missions do Special Forces perform, and what are they expected to accomplish? Despite their importance, much of what they do remains a mystery because their operations are clandestine and the sources elusive. In The US Special Forces: What Everyone Needs to Know, eminent scholar John Prados brings his deep expertise to the subject and provides a pithy primer on the various components of America’s special forces. The US military has long employed Special Forces in some form or another, but it was in the Cold War when they assumed their present form, and in Vietnam where they achieved critical mass. Interestingly, the Special Forces suffered a rapid decline in numbers after that conflict despite the fact that the United States had already identified terrorism as a growing security threat. The revival of Special Forces began under the Reagan administration. After 9/11 they experienced explosive growth, and are now integral to all US military missions. Prados traces how this happened and examines the various roles the Special Forces now play. They have taken over many functions of the regular military, a trend that Prados does not expect will end any time soon. This will be a definitive primer on the elite units in the most powerful military the world has ever known.
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Cantor, Kenneth P., Craig M. Steinmaus, Mary H. Ward, and Laura E. Beane Freeman. Water Contaminants. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190238667.003.0018.
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Humans have long recognized the hazards of microbial contamination of drinking water. Only since the 1960s, however, have epidemiologic studies systematically examined whether naturally occurring and/or manmade pollutants in drinking water affect cancer risk. Ironically, some of the measures taken to reduce microbial hazards have increased exposure to other contaminants. This chapter begins by discussing three waterborne exposures that affect large numbers of people and have been studied most extensively: inorganic arsenic, disinfection byproducts, and nitrate. Of these, only arsenic and its compounds are currently designated as carcinogenic to humans. It then discusses the evidence concerning two emerging issues: the carcinogenicity of toxins from cyanobacteria, an ancient and ubiquitous family of prokaryotic organisms formerly known as blue-green algae, now affected by climate change, and the methods of studying cancer in local communities where the water supply has been contaminated by industrial chemicals. Methodologic challenges complicate studies of these issues.
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Bohigas, Oriol, and Hans Weidenmuller. History – an overview. Edited by Gernot Akemann, Jinho Baik, and Philippe Di Francesco. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198744191.013.2.
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This article discusses the first four decades of the history of random matrix theory (RMT), that is, until about 1990. It first considers Niels Bohr's formulation of the concept of the compound nucleus, which is at the root of the use of random matrices in physics, before analysing the development of the theory of spectral fluctuations. In particular, it examines the Wishart ensemble; Dyson's classification leading to the three canonical ensembles — Gaussian Orthogonal Ensemble (GOE), Gaussian Unitary Ensemble (GUE), and Gaussian Symplectic Ensemble (GSE); and the breaking of a symmetry or an invariance. It also describes how random matrix models emerged from quantum physics, more specifically from a statistical approach to the strongly interacting many-body system of the atomic nucleus. The article concludes with an overview of data on nuclear resonances, many-body theory, chaos, number theory, scattering theory, replica trick and supersymmetry, disordered solids, and interacting fermions and field theory.
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Pitt, Matthew. Needle EMG findings in different pathologies. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198754596.003.0007.
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In this chapter, the inability of electromyography (EMG) to be able to further progress the diagnosis of myopathy on its own—requiring muscle biopsy and other modalities such as genetics to complete this process—is emphasized. The role of EMG particularly in the era of genetics is discussed. Findings in neurogenic abnormality are next described and the important hereditary conditions such as spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), distal SMA, Brown–Vialetto–Van Laere syndrome, segmental anterior horn cell disease, conditions with progressive bulbar palsy, SMARD1, and pontocerebellar hypoplasia with spinal muscle are discussed in detail. The differential diagnosis of 5q SMA type 1 is specifically outlined. Acquired forms of anterior horn disease, including Hirayama disease, poliomyelitis and enteropathic motor neuropathy, Hopkins syndrome, tumours, and vascular lesions are covered. There is discussion of the use of physiological tests to monitor progress in SMA, with tests including compound muscle action potential amplitude and motor unit number estimation. Finally, the important correlation between muscle biopsy and EMG is highlighted.
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Maximum Concentrations at the Workplace and Biological Tolerance Values for Working Materials (Report Number XXV, Commission for the Investigation of Health ... of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area). Wiley-VCH, 1989.
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Pap, Thomas, Adelheid Korb, Marianne Heitzmann, and Jessica Bertrand. Joint biochemistry. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0056.
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Synovial joints are composed of different morphological structures that have their distinct cellular and biochemical properties. Articular cartilage and synovial membrane are key components of synovial joints and show a number of peculiarities that makes them different from other tissues in our body. An in-depth knowledge of these structural and biochemical peculiarities is not only important for understanding key features of articular function but also provides explanations for important characteristics of both degenerative and inflammatory joint diseases. This chapter reviews the structure and biochemical composition of cartilage and synovium and points to important links between physiology and pathological conditions, particularly arthritis.
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Kirchman, David L. The physical-chemical environment of microbes. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789406.003.0003.
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Many physical-chemical properties affecting microbes are familiar to ecologists examining large organisms in our visible world. This chapter starts by reviewing the basics of these properties, such as the importance of water for microbes in soils and temperature in all environments. Another important property, pH, has direct effects on organisms and indirect effects via how hydrogen ions determine the chemical form of key molecules and compounds in nature. Oxygen content is also critical, as it is essential to the survival of all but a few eukaryotes. Light is used as an energy source by phototrophs, but it can have deleterious effects on microbes. In addition to these familiar factors, the small size of microbes sets limits on their physical world. Microbes are said to live in a “low Reynolds number environment”. When the Reynolds number is smaller than about one, viscous forces dominate over inertial forces. For a macroscopic organism like us, moving in a low Reynolds number environment would seem like swimming in molasses. Microbes in both aquatic and terrestrial habitats live in a low Reynolds number world, one of many similarities between the two environments at the microbial scale. Most notably, even soil microbes live in an aqueous world, albeit a thin film of water on soil particles. But the soil environment is much more heterogeneous than water, with profound consequences for biogeochemical processes and interactions among microbes. The chapter ends with a discussion of how the physical-chemical environment of microbes in biofilms is quite different from that of free-living organisms.
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Koslicki, Kathrin. Matter. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198823803.003.0003.
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This chapter examines the question of how hylomorphists should conceive of the matter composing concrete particular objects. It considers three conceptions of matter: the traditional Thomistic doctrine of prime matter, as developed by David Oderberg; the matter-as-stuff hypothesis, as defended by Jeffrey Brower and Ned Markosian; and the hylomorphic conception of matter, according to which the matter of a concrete particular object is nothing other than its material parts and these are themselves conceived of as matter–form compounds, unless or until we reach an empirically confirmed level in the compositional hierarchy at which the hylomorphic analysis no longer applies. The chapter argues that the prime-matter hypothesis and the matter-as-stuff hypothesis give rise to a number of difficulties and concludes that the third, hylomorphic, conception of matter is therefore preferable to the previous two.
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Aminoff, Michael J. The Organization of the Nervous System. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190614966.003.0008.
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Bell came up with a number of original concepts concerning the organization and operation of the nervous system in health and disease. The focus of Bell’s 1811 book was the brain, not the nerve roots. Bell suggested that parts of the brain differ in function; peripheral nerves are composed of nerve fibers with different functions; nerves conduct only in one direction; sense organs are specialized to receive only one form of sensory stimulus; and perception depends on the part of the brain activated. In later publications, he described a sixth (muscle or proprioceptive) sense and the circle of the nerves subserving it; movement and reciprocal innervation; and the long thoracic nerve (Bell’s nerve).
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Pollack, Howard. Ballads for Americans. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190458294.003.0005.
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Latouche continued his work on Broadway in the late 1930s. He had his work done by Cabaret TAC, and also wrote articles and poems for TAC magazine. Some of his work appeared in such leftist revues as Sunday Night Varieties. He translated a “centerpiece” by Jura Soyfer for a revue given by Austrian refugees. Most notably, he composed “Ballade for Uncle Sam,” along with other pieces for the FTP revue Sing for Your Supper. Premiered in concert form over the radio with Paul Robeson the soloist, this number, with music by Earl Robinson, swept the country for several years. It also was published by Jack Robbins, with whom Latouche would have an important relationship.
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Deudney, Daniel H. All Together Now. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190905651.003.0011.
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Today, swollen numbers of humanity are now intensively interactive and interdependent through vast networks of complex machines and built infrastructures that span the planet, whose unintended consequences and spillovers have grown to species significance. The practical context for all human activities has become a densely occupied and tightly coupled neighborhood. While the content of cosmopolitanism, in its ancient, Enlightenment, and current phases, reflects shrinking geographical spaces, it presumes an Earth composed of different places, rather than a more accurate “terrapolitan” view of Earth as a single place. In the terrapolitan situation, the central problem is not that humans are insufficiently attentive to the needs of distant others. Rather, it is that they are insufficiently attentive to their collective self-interest in survival in the face of existential threats. In part, these limitations stem from the utter novelty of the threats to basic interests that have arisen with such historical rapidity.
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Janssen, Ted, Gervais Chapuis, and Marc de Boissieu. Structure. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198824442.003.0004.
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This chapter discusses the X-ray and neutron diffraction methods used to study the atomic structures of aperiodic crystals, addressing indexing diffraction patterns, superspace, ab initio methods, the structure factor of incommensurate structures; and diffuse scattering. The structure solution methods based on the dual space refinements are described, as they are very often applied for the resolution of aperiodic crystal structures. Modulation functions which are used for the refinement of modulated structures and composite structures are presented and illustrated with examples of structure models covering a large spectrum of structures from organic to inorganic compounds, including metals, alloys, and minerals. For a better understanding of the concept of quasicrystalline structures, one-dimensional structure examples are presented first. Further examples of quasicrystals, including decagonal quasicrystals and icosahedral quasicrystals, are analysed in terms of increasing shells of a selected number of polyhedra. The notion of the approximant is compared with classical forms of structures.
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Shrock, Dennis. Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina – Missa Papae Marcelli. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190469023.003.0002.
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The chapter begins with a biographical and compositional overview, including discussions of Palestrina’s various positions in and outside of Rome; his compositional output that numbered 104 Masses, approximately 500 motets, and approximately 140 madrigals; the nature of his Masses, many of which are based on previously composed models; the papacy and the Counter-Reformation; and mandates of the Council of Trent. Musical discussion in this chapter focuses on unique characteristics of the Missa Papae Marcelli and its legacy. Performance practices include: pitch and performing forces; meter and tactus, with considerable focus on syncopation; the importance of oratorical phrasing; tempo and its variability; and musica ficta.
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Pourjavady, Reza. Jalāl al-Dīn al-Dawānī (d. 908/1502), Glosses on ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn al-Qūshjī’s Commentary on Naṣīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī’s. Edited by Khaled El-Rouayheb and Sabine Schmidtke. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199917389.013.21.
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Jalāl al-Dīn al-Dawānī (d. 908/1502), a distinguished scholar of Shiraz in the late fifteenth century, composed many works in logic, theology, philosophy, and ethics. Moreover, he had several written and oral disputes with another outstanding scholar of Shiraz, Ṣadr al-Dīn al-Dashtakī (d. 903/1498). These heated debates, which stretched over a period of more than two decades, significantly influenced Dawānī’s and his intellectual competitor’s thought. It also became widely disputed for centuries throughout the Islamic world—in Iran, the Ottoman lands, central Asia, and the Indian subcontinent. The controversy between Dawānī and Dashtakī animates a number of their respective writings, especially their glosses on ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn al-Qūshjī’s commentary on Naṣīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī’s Tajrīd al-iʿtiqād. This chapter focuses on major metaphysical disputes presented in these glosses.
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Gough, Peter, and Peggy Seeger. Introduction. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039041.003.0001.
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This introductory chapter provides an overview of the Federal Music Project (FMP). Initiated in 1935 as a part of President Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal plan for fiscal recovery, the FMP composed one of several cultural programs—designated Federal Project Number One, or Federal One—of the Works Progress Administration (WPA). California and dozens of other states reaped the benefits of New Deal music—including the employment of performance groups, music teachers, folksong collectors, and others—for nearly eight years. Indeed, federal funding continued well after the United States entered World War II, providing musical entertainment for the military troops through the summer of 1943. By January 1936, music programs were being presented in larger metropolitan areas; by September of the next year, the FMP was operating in forty-two of the forty-eight states.
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Papadopoulos, Yannis. Multilevel Governance and Depoliticization. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198748977.003.0007.
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‘Multilevel’ governance (MLG) refers to the fact that, in contemporary established democracies, collectively binding decisions are frequently formulated or implemented in a cooperative manner by networks composed of public actors attached to different jurisdictional levels (from the local to the supranational) and of non-public actors such as experts, interest representatives, and members of cause groups. This chapter develops the expectation that the occurrence and magnitude of depoliticization in MLG depend on a number of its defining traits, and that the presence and intensity of these traits depend in turn on the specific empirical configuration and actor constellation of governance arrangements. The chapter first lays out the relationships that may exist between different facets of depoliticization in MLG, and then explores how MLG is depoliticized when technocratic rule, deficits of representation, lack of political control, and lack of public debate tend to prevail.
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Rawlings, Hunter. Writing History Implicitly through Refined Structuring. Edited by Sara Forsdyke, Edith Foster, and Ryan Balot. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199340385.013.4.
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Thucydides self-consciously composed his history for an elite audience of reader-listeners who would pay close attention to his work, not simply hear parts of it recited once. On the surface, he organized it tightly according to rigidly heeded principles: strict focus on war and political decision-making; rigorous ordering of time and space by consecutive summers and winters, and by theaters of action. Behind these overt structures Thucydides imposed a number of implicit designs, which lead perceptive readers to see and appreciate recurring patterns in history, particularly in political leaders’ decision making and in the morale of their cities. Structural parallelisms, juxtapositions, and the ordering of the accounts, for instance, are important Thucydidean means of making readers engage with his history and with their own; verbal linkages also provoke readers to note the ironies, paradoxes, and incongruities of the events.
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Chafe, Wallace. CADDO. Edited by Michael Fortescue, Marianne Mithun, and Nicholas Evans. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199683208.013.33.
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Caddo is a member of the Caddoan language family, which includes also Wichita, Kitsai, Pawnee, and Arikara. Its verbs are typically polysynthetic, with a base composed of a variety of elements that include incorporated noun roots and various derivational prefixes and suffixes. This base is accompanied by pronominal prefixes expressing person and number and their role as agents, patients, or beneficiaries. Unusual is the division of these pronominal prefixes into realis and irrealis sets that have scope over an entire event or state. The base is followed by suffixes expressing tense and aspect. Caddo is not only polysynthetic but also highly fusional as a result of extensive sound changes that have obscured morpheme boundaries as well as resemblances between different parts of a paradigm. Morphological analysis requires the internal reconstruction of an earlier stage of the language when the composition of a verb was more transparent.
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Chubarova, Natalia, Yekaterina Zhdanova, Yelizaveta Androsova, Alexander Kirsanov, Marina Shatunova, Yulia Khlestova, Yelena Volpert, et al. THE AEROSOL URBAN POLLUTION AND ITS EFFECTS ON WEATHER, REGIONAL CLIMATE AND GEOCHEMICAL PROCESSES. LLC MAKS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m1475.978-5-317-06464-8.
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The monograph is devoted to the study of atmospheric aerosol and its dynamics in the urban environment of Moscow megacity. Based on the AeroRadCity 2018-2019 complex experiment, composed of measurement campaign and numerical experiments using the COSMO-ART chemical transport model, a number of new results were obtained, which contributed to a deeper understanding of the gas-aerosol composition of the urban atmosphere, wet aerosol deposition with accounting of geochemical processes and aerosol radiative effects. Aerosol pollution in the Moscow region and its dynamics in the 21st century were estimated according to the aerosol retrievals using the MAIAC algorithm developed for the MODIS satellite instrument, and long-term AERONET measurements. The effects of aerosol on meteorological and radiative characteristics of the atmosphere were obtained from the numerical experiments with the COSMO model and long-term observations. The indirect aerosol effects on cloud characteristics and weather forecast were estimated.
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Barbiellini Amidei, Federico, John Cantwell, and Anna Spadavecchia. Innovation and Foreign Technology. Edited by Gianni Toniolo. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199936694.013.0014.
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The chapter explores the long-run evolution of Italy's performance in technological innovation as a function of international technology transfer, reconstructing the different phases and dimensions of Italian innovative activity, tracking the transfer of foreign technological knowledge through a number of channels, analyzing the impact of imported technology. The study is based on a newly constructed dataset, over the 1861-2009 period, composed of variables related to innovation activity performance, foreign technology transfer, and domestic absorptive and innovative capability. The analysis highlights, also by econometric assessment, the significant contribution of foreign technology to innovation activity results. Machinery imports and the accumulation of technical human capital contributed positively to innovation activity; inward FDI contributed positively to productivity growth, but not to indigenous innovation activity results. Differences across channels of technology transfer and historical phases emerge, also in connection with the evolution of human capital endowment and domestic innovative capacity.
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Rahier, Jean Muteba. The Festival of the Kings in Santo Domingo de Ónzole. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037511.003.0004.
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This chapter provides ethnographic interpretations of the performances of the three-day-long (January 6–8) Festival in Santo Domingo de Ónzole. The principal activity on January 6 is the act of the president, which involves two groups of disguised actors. The first is the group of cucuruchos. They number about twenty and include the women of the committee who prepared the Play. The second protagonist of the act is the group composed of a dozen adolescents and young men who are disguised as soldiers and called “the troop” (la tropa). The principal activity of January 7 is the begging performance by cucuruchos going from house to house, which evokes the descriptions of European medieval carnival. January 8 is dedicated to the negritos and the cayapas, although some reyeras disguised as whites are still participating in the activities. January 8 is also called el día de todos, “the day of everybody.”
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Caldwell, Lesley, and Helen Taylor Robinson, eds. The Collected Works of D. W. Winnicott. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780190271374.001.0001.
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Volume 5, introduced by Jennifer and Marcus Johns, covers the years 1955–1959, an extremely productive period of Winnicott’s work in broadcasting, social work, child psychiatry and psychoanalysis. His two Tavistock publications, The Child and the Family, and The Child and the Outside World; and his first collection of essays, Through Paediatrics to Psychoanalysis, were published during this time. In 1955 he married Clare Britton, with whom he had been working during the previous decade, and in 1956 he became President of the British Psychoanalytical Society. It was in this capacity that many of the large number of letters in this volume were composed, relating to the work of his analytical colleagues and the integration of the different training and theoretical groups within the BPAS.Included in this volume are important papers covering diverse areas of Winnicott’s work, including ‘The Anti-social Tendency’, ‘Primary Maternal Preoccupation’, ‘The Mother’s Contribution to Society’, ‘The Capacity to be Alone’, and responses to Klein’s 1957 book Envy and Gratitude.
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Hultman, Lisa, Jacob D. Kathman, and Megan Shannon. Peacekeeping in the Midst of War. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198845577.001.0001.
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Are United Nations peacekeeping missions effective at reducing violence in civil wars? Although UN peacekeeping is a notable intervention tool, the international community lacks systematic knowledge of how well it mitigates civil war violence. Given that UN peacekeeping is increasingly used in the midst of war, this is a significant research gap with direct policy relevance. This book systematically explores if and how the capacity and constitution of UN peacekeeping missions affect the amount of violence in civil conflicts. It argues that peacekeeping effectiveness needs to be assessed in relative terms, theorizing that more robust missions are increasingly capable of addressing combatant incentives for employing violence. The authors conduct large-n analyses of the number of combatants and civilians killed during each month for all civil wars globally from 1992 to 2014, measuring the capacity and constitution of UN missions with unique data on the number and type of peacekeeping personnel deployed. The analyses reveal that increasing UN military troop and police personnel deployed to a conflict significantly reduces violence against civilians, and increasing UN military troop personnel significantly mitigates battle-related violence. By contrast, smaller missions and missions composed of observers are not associated with reduced violence. The book complements the large-n analyses with qualitative explorations of peacekeeping mechanisms on violence in Côte d’Ivoire and the Democratic Republic of Congo. The authors conclude that while peacekeeping is not without detriments, it is an effective tool of violence reduction.
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Lapidge, Michael. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198811367.003.0001.
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Introduction: The forty passiones translated in this volume represent a genre of Christian-Latin literature that has seldom attracted attention and is poorly understood; yet in sum they constitute a remarkable body of literature composed during the period between 425 and 675, and provide valuable evidence of the sentiments and beliefs of ordinary Christians of that time — their aversion to pagan practices, their admiration for virginity, their firm commitment to orthodoxy — as well as evidence for the machinery of Roman legal procedure. Since the passiones appear to have been composed by the clerics who were custodians of the martyrial churches and shrines in Rome, in response to the ever-increasing volume of pilgrim traffic to these shrines, and since these clerics appear not to have received the benefit of the highest grade of Roman education, they provide first-hand evidence for the sub-élite Latin of the time. The passiones are works of pure fiction: they abound in absurd errors of chronology, and of the Roman magistrates who figure in them, very few can be identified (this is one of the reasons why the passiones have largely been ignored by historians of late antiquity). Of the forty passiones, some twenty-one treat martyrs who are attested in sources earlier than c. 384, and who may be considered ‘authentic’ martyrs (which is not to say that the descriptions of their arrest, trial, torture and execution — which are often described in ludicrous terms — are similarly ‘authentic’). The remaining passiones treat persons concerning whom there is no reliable evidence that they were martyrs: some are the names of pious persons who donated property to the church; others are the result of pure invention. In any case, there is very little evidence that large numbers of Christians were martyred at Rome in the period before the ‘Peace of the Church’ (c. 312): certainly not the large numbers implied by the fictional passiones. No records of trials of Christians from the period before c. 312, so for their accounts of the trials the authors of the fictitious passiones were obliged to model their accounts on genuine accounts of trial proceedings involving Christians in proconsular Africa (the so-called acta proconsularia); but many features of the trials described in the passiones are imaginary: for example, the lengthy debates between the presiding magistrate or judge and the martyr on questions of Christian belief (the virtues of virginity, the evils of paganism), some of which devolve into lengthy sermons by the martyrs. In any case, the martyrs in the passiones never succeed in converting the judge, and are accordingly sentenced to torture (often described in excruciating, and sometimes absurd, detail) and execution. In most passiones, the bodies of the martyrs are recovered by pious Christians and buried in identifiable shrines (usually in suburban cemeteries).
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Cobb, Charles R. The Archaeology of Southeastern Native American Landscapes of the Colonial Era. University Press of Florida, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813066196.001.0001.
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This book synthesizes the landscape histories of Native Americans in southeastern North America from the arrival of the Spaniards in the sixteenth century to the first decades of the American Republic. Relying on archaeological data and historical sources, the work outlines the ways in which Native populations accommodated and contested the growing encroachments of colonialism and colonial powers. Traditional landscape practices were greatly transformed by epidemic diseases, chronic warfare, and a widespread slave trade in Indian populations. Research demonstrates that populations adapted to these challenges in two major ways. First, they built on traditional histories of mobility to develop new modes of migration and travel to escape regions of conflict and to gain access to important colonial towns and resources. Second, seeking safety in numbers, Native Americans increasingly formed coalescent communities composed of two or more cultural groups. These coalescent communities evolved into the groups known today as Cherokees, Choctaws, Creeks, Chickasaws, Catawbas, and Seminoles. The study further explores how the evolution of these groups was connected to events and processes of the broader political economy in the Atlantic World, including the rise of plantation slavery, the growth of the deerskin trade, the birth of the consumer revolution, and the emergence of capitalism.