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1

Lipiński, W., and A. Steinfeld. "Annular Compound Parabolic Concentrator." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 128, no. 1 (2005): 121–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2148970.

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The annular compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) is a body of revolution consisting of two axisymmetric surfaces produced by rotating a classical two-dimensional CPC around an axis parallel to the CPCs axis. Its ability to further concentrate incoming radiation when used in tandem with a primary solar parabolic concentrator is analyzed by the Monte Carlo ray-tracing technique. Potential applications are found in capturing the annular portion of primary concentrated solar radiation and augmenting its power flux intensity.
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2

Ali, Haider, and P. Gandhidasan. "Performance Evaluation of Photovoltaic String with Compound Parabolic Concentrator." Journal of Clean Energy Technologies 3, no. 3 (2015): 170–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/jocet.2015.v3.190.

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3

Abdulrahim, A.T, I.S Diso, and A. M. EL-Jummah. "SOLAR CONCENTRATORS' DEVELOPMENTS IN NIGERIA: A REVIEW." Continental J. Engineering Sciences 5, no. 1 (2010): 38–45. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.833739.

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The use of concentrators in the forms of solar energy collectors in order to concentrate sunrays for better usage is on the increase worldwide. To this effect, different types of solar concentrators have being developed over the years for various applications. The present study reviewed the various solar concentrators developed in Nigeria such as the parabolic fresnel concentrator, paraboloid solar cooker, parabolic trough collector, conical concentrator, compound parabolic solar concentrator and solar tracking bi-focal collectors. It identified their level of performance and limitations, and
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Abdulrahim, A.T, I.S Diso, and A. M. EL-Jummah. "SOLAR CONCENTRATORS' DEVELOPMENTS IN NIGERIA: A REVIEW." Continental J. Engineering Sciences 6, no. 3 (2011): 30–37. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.833983.

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The use of concentrators in the forms of solar energy collectors in order to concentrate sunrays for better usage is on the increase world wide. To this effect, different types of solar concentrators have being developed over the years for various applications. The present study reviewed the various solar concentrators developed in Nigeria such as the parabolic fresnel concentrator, paraboloid solar cooker, parabolic trough collector, conical concentrator, compound parabolic solar concentrator and solar tracking bi-focal collectors. It identified their level of performance and limitations, and
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5

Khonkar, H. E. I., and A. A. M. Sayigh. "Raytrace for compound parabolic concentrator." Renewable Energy 5, no. 1-4 (1994): 376–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0960-1481(94)90400-6.

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6

Peng, Yanan, Xuedong Liu, Xiaorong Hang, Jing Hou, and Zehui Chang. "Investigation of photothermal performance of compound parabolic concentrator system for soil heating in facility agriculture." Thermal Science, no. 00 (2022): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci221003214p.

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Aiming at the large carbon emissions of facility agricultural heating in severe cold regions in winter, a Compound Parabolic Concentrator based soil heating system was presented. The system integrated with novel trough Compound Parabolic Concentrator and was used for soil heating in facility agriculture. Following the structure of the Compound Parabolic Concentrator, TracePro software was selected to trace the light in the Compound Parabolic Concentrator. And the variation trend of the light escape rate of the Compound Parabolic Concentrator with the different incident angles was analyzed. Bas
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7

Al Imam, Md Forhad Ibne, Rafiqul Alam Beg, and Shamimur Rahman. "Thermal Performance Improvement Study of a Solar Collector with Compound Parabolic Concentrator." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 3, no. 11 (2018): 78–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2018.3.11.970.

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Heating water with solar energy is easy and effective in both domestic and industrial areas. The initial implementation cost of a solar-water-heating system is high but long term use of it makes it cost effective. For geographical location, Bangladesh is very suitable for using it. In a solar collector system, collector area is an important design factor. To achieve better thermal performance, 0.81m2 solar collector was used in this study. Commonly used flat plate collector takes more space to be installed. In Bangladesh, space on the roofs of houses and industries are limited and so there is
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8

Al Imam, Md Forhad Ibne, Rafiqul Alam Beg, and Shamimur Rahman. "Thermal Performance Improvement Study of a Solar Collector with Compound Parabolic Concentrator." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 3, no. 11 (2018): 78–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2018.3.11.970.

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Heating water with solar energy is easy and effective in both domestic and industrial areas. The initial implementation cost of a solar-water-heating system is high but long term use of it makes it cost effective. For geographical location, Bangladesh is very suitable for using it. In a solar collector system, collector area is an important design factor. To achieve better thermal performance, 0.81m2 solar collector was used in this study. Commonly used flat plate collector takes more space to be installed. In Bangladesh, space on the roofs of houses and industries are limited and so there is
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9

รติสมิทธ์, วัฒนา. "บทความ นวัตกรรมแผงรับแสงอาทิตย์แบบรางซีพีซี (Compound Parabolic Concentrator) สำหรับกระบวนการทำความร้อน". Unisearch Journal 3, № 1 (2016): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.58837/chula.unisearch.3.1.4.

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10

Ullah, Fahim, Mansoor K. Khattak, and Kang Min. "Experimental investigation of the comparison of compound parabolic concentrator and ordinary heat pipe-type solar concentrator." Energy & Environment 29, no. 5 (2018): 770–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958305x18759791.

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In this research study, we have compared between the two different concentrators with the flat absorber plate receiver of the compound parabolic concentrator heat pipe solar concentrator and ordinary heat pipe flat plate solar concentrator. For the reproduction of solar radiation in the experiment, iodine tungsten lamp was used. Thermal performance comparison of the two types of solar concentrator under different simulating radiation intensity conditions was carried out with including the fluid temperature, instantaneous efficiency, average efficiency, and average heat loss coefficient. The re
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11

Eldakamawy, M. H., A. Hanafi, and M. A. Kassem. "Effect of Using Twisted Tape Inserts on Performance of Compound Parabolic Concentrators." Journal of Clean Energy Technologies 4, no. 1 (2015): 8–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/jocet.2016.v4.246.

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12

Widyolar, Bennett, Lun Jiang, and Roland Winston. "Thermodynamics and the segmented compound parabolic concentrator." Journal of Photonics for Energy 7, no. 2 (2017): 028002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.jpe.7.028002.

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13

Almonacid, G., and A. Luque. "Truncation effects in bifacial compound parabolic concentrators." Solar Cells 22, no. 1 (1987): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0379-6787(87)90069-x.

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14

Terentyev, Sergey, Maxim Polikarpov, Irina Snigireva, et al. "Linear parabolic single-crystal diamond refractive lenses for synchrotron X-ray sources." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 24, no. 1 (2017): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577516017331.

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Linear parabolic diamond refractive lenses are presented, designed to withstand high thermal and radiation loads coming from upgraded accelerator X-ray sources. Lenses were manufactured by picosecond laser treatment of a high-quality single-crystal synthetic diamond. Twelve lenses with radius of curvature at parabola apex R = 200 µm, geometrical aperture A = 900 µm and length L = 1.5 mm were stacked as a compound refractive lens and tested at the ESRF ID06 beamline. A focal spot of size 2.2 µm and a gain of 20 were measured at 8 keV. The lens profile and surface quality were estimated by grati
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15

Zhang, X. J., and Yan Niu. "Oxidation of Four NiAl-Ag Alloys at 900°C in 1 Atm O2." Materials Science Forum 475-479 (January 2005): 775–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.475-479.775.

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Small amounts of silver have been added to the intermetallic compound β-NiAl for the purpose of improving its mechanical properties. Four ternary NiAl-Ag alloys NiAl-0.5Ag, NiAl-1Ag, NiAl-5Ag and NiAl-10Ag (at.%), and an Ag-free β-NiAl have been oxidized at 900oC for 24 h in 1 atm O2 to study the effect of the presence of silver on the oxidation of β-NiAl. The kinetics of all the alloys were generally composed of two main parabolic stages with slightly larger parabolic rate constants for the second stage, except for NiAl-10Ag, which has an instantaneous parabolic rate constant decreasing with
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16

J, H. BHANGALE H. M. DATE. "PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MIRROR AUGMENTED, 2D AND 3D COMPOUND PARABOLIC CONCENTRATOR BASED PV SYSTEMS." JournalNX - A Multidisciplinary Peer Reviewed Journal 3, no. 8 (2018): 45–51. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1159103.

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In this present work, the performance evaluation and comparison between mirror augmented silicon PV panel system, 2D CPC based silicon PV panel system and 3D compound parabolic concentration for a simple poly-crystalline silicon solar cell of area 10 x 10 mm is examined. We compared all the three systems in view of productivity increment aspect for different inclination angles from ground horizontal surface ranging. The percentage increment in power output found in case of 3D compound parabolic concentrator is maximum of all the above mentioned systems i.e, 23% for 280.
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17

Easa, Said M., and Yan-Cheng Han. "New Compound Open Channel Section with Polynomial Sides: Improving Cost and Aesthetics." Water 11, no. 8 (2019): 1545. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11081545.

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Previous research on compound trapezoidal cross sections has mainly focused on improving the prediction of the discharge (flow rate) because of its inherent challenges. This paper focuses on two other important aspects: Section shape and optimal construction cost. First, the paper proposes a new compound section with third-degree polynomial sides of main channel with horizontal bottom (HB) that allows its top corners to be smooth, called herein compound polynomial section. The special cases of this versatile section include the simple polynomial section, polygonal section, trapezoidal-rectangu
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18

Lillo-Bravo, Isidoro, Elena Pérez-Aparicio, Natividad Sancho-Caparrini, and Manuel Silva-Pérez. "Benefits of Medium Temperature Solar Concentration Technologies as Thermal Energy Source of Industrial Processes in Spain." Energies 11, no. 11 (2018): 2950. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11112950.

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This paper analyses the possible applications of medium temperature solar concentration technologies, Compound Parabolic Collector, Linear Fresnel Collector and Parabolic Trough Collector in the Spanish industrial sector. Results of this study allow evaluating whether or not solar technologies are an alternative to conventional sources. This possibility is analyzed energetically, economically and environmentally. Results show that the percentage of solar use is decisive in determining the true thermal energy generation cost. The other essential parameter is the solar field area due to produce
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19

MA Jun, 马. 军., 王成龙 WANG Cheng-long, and 夏养君 XIA Yang-jun. "Compound parabolic collector for linear Fresnel reflector system." Optics and Precision Engineering 27, no. 12 (2019): 2542–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/ope.20192712.2542.

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20

Zhang Wei, 张. 伟., 杨立保 Yang Libao, 李清雅 Li Qingya, 王. 严. Wang Yan, and 王. 晶. Wang Jing. "Research on compliance of compound circular-parabolic hinges." Infrared and Laser Engineering 47, no. 11 (2018): 1117009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/irla201847.1117009.

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21

Antonini, A., M. Stefancich, J. Coventry, and A. Parretta. "Modelling of Compound Parabolic Concentrators for Photovoltaic Applications." International Journal of Optics and Applications 3, no. 4 (2013): 40–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5923/j.optics.20130304.02.

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22

Ho, Keang-Po. "Compound parabolic concentrators for narrowband wireless infrared receivers." Optical Engineering 34, no. 5 (1995): 1385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.201664.

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23

Cooper, Thomas, Fabian Dähler, Gianluca Ambrosetti, Andrea Pedretti, and Aldo Steinfeld. "Performance of compound parabolic concentrators with polygonal apertures." Solar Energy 95 (September 2013): 308–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2013.06.023.

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24

Alianelli, L., M. Sánchez del Río, and K. J. S. Sawhney. "Ray-tracing simulation of parabolic compound refractive lenses." Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy 62, no. 6-7 (2007): 593–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sab.2007.03.017.

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25

Abdullahi, B., R. K. Al-dadah, and S. Mouhmud. "Optical Performance of Double Receiver Compound Parabolic Concentrator." Energy Procedia 61 (2014): 2625–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2014.12.263.

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26

Guiqiang, Li, Pei Gang, Su Yuehong, Ji Jie, and Saffa B. Riffat. "Experiment and simulation study on the flux distribution of lens-walled compound parabolic concentrator compared with mirror compound parabolic concentrator." Energy 58 (September 2013): 398–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2013.06.027.

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27

Varghese, Jaji, Samsher ., and Manjunath K. "Experimental Investigation and Comparison Between an Integrated Compound Parabolic Domestic Solar Water Heater with and Without an Air Gap Introduced at the Arms of the CPC." International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation 5, no. 1 (2017): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/ijari.511727.

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The introduction of a concentrator in a domestic solar water heating system is not yet commercialized but research studies have been carried out and model validation done with symmetrical and asymmetrical type of reflectors. With concentrating collectors it becomes imperative to track the sun. Now the method of tracking to be adopted and the number of adjustments required depends upon the collection efficiency and its application. However for households, systems operating at the lower temperature range the optical system best suited are the compound parabolic concentrator. The advantage is tha
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28

Liang, Dawei, and Rui Pereira. "A Simple Approach for Enhancing the Output Performance of Solar-Pumped Solid-State Lasers." International Journal of Optics 2009 (2009): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/730165.

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A simple truncated fused silica elliptical cavity is proposed to enhance the output performance of solar-pumped solid-state lasers. The imaging property of the truncated elliptical cavity ensures an enhanced absorption distribution within an Nd:YAG rod. Optimum pumping parameters are found through ZEMAX nonsequential ray-tracing and LASCAD laser cavity analyses. Compared with the output laser performance of a 3D-compound parabolic concentrator-2D-compound parabolic concentrator (3D-CPC-2D-CPC) cavity, the truncated cavity provides 11% more multimode and 72.7% more laser powers. A laser beam of
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29

Kumar, Nishant, and Dharamveer Singh. "Study and Analysis of Different Absorber Geometry of Compound Parabolic Solar Collector and its Effect on Thermal Efficiency for Heating Water for Sanitary Use." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 9 (2022): 976–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.46775.

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Abstract: This project is focused on carrying out a study of the absorber geometry of the parabolic solar collector compound for heating water for sanitary use, to evaluate the temperature gradient between the inlet and outlet of the water of this concentraDDDtor collector, and the efficiency achieved according to the absorber configuration to later compare it with collectors with a conventional flat absorber surface. The parabola of the reflector of the composite parabolic solar collector was obtained considering the circular absorber, with a concentration ratio of 4 plus 10% of this, to cons
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30

Dinesh Kumar Sharma, Dilip Sharma, and Ahmed Hamza H. Ali. "Exergy Destructions Analysis of Evacuated Tube Compound Parabolic Concentrator." Applied Solar Energy 57, no. 5 (2021): 420–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0003701x2105011x.

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31

Mahammed, Subhi S., Tadahmun Ahmed Yassen, and Hameed Jassim Khalaf. "Theoretical Study of the Compound Parabolic Trough Solar Collector." Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences 19, no. 2 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjes.19.2.01.

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Theoretical design of compound parabolic trough solar collector (CPC) without tracking is presented in this work. The thermal efficiency is obtained by using FORTRAN 90 program. The thermal efficiency is between (60-67)% at mass flow rate between (0.02-0.03) kg/s at concentration ratio of (3.8) without need to tracking system. The total and diffused radiation is calculated for Tikrit city by using theoretical equations. Good agreement between present work and the previous work.
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32

Fraidenraich, Naum, and Ignacio H. Salcedo. "Multimode analysis of compound parabolic concentrators with flat absorber." Applied Optics 32, no. 16 (1993): 2891. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.32.002891.

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33

Prapas, D. E., B. Norton, and S. D. Probert. "Thermal Design of Compound Parabolic Concentrating Solar-Energy Collectors." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 109, no. 2 (1987): 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3268194.

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A theoretical analysis of the heat exchanges in a Compound Parabolic Concentrator solar energy collector is presented. The absorber configuration considered is that of a tube (with or without a spectrally-selective surface) either directly exposed or enclosed within one or two glass envelopes. The annular cavity formed between the tube and the surrounding envelope can be either air-filled or evacuated. The optimal annular gap, which leads to the best overall collector efficiency, has been predicted for the nonevacuated arrangement. It was found to be approximately 5 mm for the considered geome
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34

Arunkumar, T., R. Velraj, D. C. Denkenberger, Ravishankar Sathyamurthy, K. Vinoth Kumar, and Amimul Ahsan. "Productivity enhancements of compound parabolic concentrator tubular solar stills." Renewable Energy 88 (April 2016): 391–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2015.11.051.

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35

Hickerson, K. P., and B. W. Filippone. "A compound parabolic concentrator as an ultracold neutron spectrometer." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 721 (September 2013): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2013.03.049.

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36

Mallick, Tapas K., Philip C. Eames, and Brian Norton. "Power losses in an asymmetric compound parabolic photovoltaic concentrator." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 91, no. 12 (2007): 1137–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2007.03.020.

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37

Kuo, Chia-Wei, Pei-Shan Yen, Wen-Chey Chang, and Keh-Chin Chang. "The Design and Optical Analysis of Compound Parabolic Collector." Procedia Engineering 79 (2014): 258–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2014.06.340.

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38

Fernández, P., J. Blanco, C. Sichel, and S. Malato. "Water disinfection by solar photocatalysis using compound parabolic collectors." Catalysis Today 101, no. 3-4 (2005): 345–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2005.03.062.

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39

Sellami, Nazmi, and Tapas K. Mallick. "Optical efficiency study of PV Crossed Compound Parabolic Concentrator." Applied Energy 102 (February 2013): 868–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.08.052.

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40

Abu-Bakar, Siti Hawa, Firdaus Muhammad-Sukki, Roberto Ramirez-Iniguez, et al. "Rotationally asymmetrical compound parabolic concentrator for concentrating photovoltaic applications." Applied Energy 136 (December 2014): 363–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.09.053.

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41

Bellos, E., D. Korres, C. Tzivanidis, and K. A. Antonopoulos. "Design, simulation and optimization of a compound parabolic collector." Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments 16 (August 2016): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2016.04.005.

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42

Santos-González, I., N. Ortega, V. H. Gómez, O. García-Valladares, and R. Best. "Development and experimental investigation of a compound parabolic concentrator." International Journal of Energy Research 36, no. 12 (2011): 1151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/er.1866.

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43

Jansen, Willem G. T., Martijn J. H. Anthonissen, Jan H. M. ten Thije Boonkkamp, and Wilbert L. IJzerman. "Concatenated Backward Ray Mapping on the Compound Parabolic Concentrator." EPJ Web of Conferences 287 (2023): 02006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202328702006.

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Concatenated backward ray mapping is an alternative for ray tracing in 2D. It is based on the phase space descrip tion of an optical system. Phase space is the set of position and direction coordinates of rays intersecting an optical line. The original algorithm is limited to optical systems consisting of only straight line segments; we extend it to accommodate curved segments. The algorithm is applied to the compound parabolic concentrator, a standard optical system that collects parallel light and reshapes it to a focused beam. We compare the accuracy and speed of the extended algorithm to t
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44

Hugenholtz, Chris H., Stephen A. Wolfe, and Brian J. Moorman. "Effects of sand supply on the morphodynamics and stratigraphy of active parabolic dunes, Bigstick Sand Hills, southwestern SaskatchewanGeological Survey of Canada Contribution 20060654." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 45, no. 3 (2008): 321–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e08-001.

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Sand supply is a major controlling factor on parabolic dune form and stratigraphy in inland settings. In this study, aerial photographs, ground-penetrating radar (GPR), and stratigraphic analysis document the morphodynamics of an individual and compound parabolic dune in the Bigstick Sand Hills, southwestern Saskatchewan. Migration rates for the last 60 years are comparable, although the profile morphologies differ, with the individual dune having a more aerodynamic form. Stratigraphic facies are also similar in both dune types, but the overall internal architecture imaged by GPR differs consi
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45

Bellos, Evangelos, Dimitrios N. Korres, and Christos Tzivanidis. "Investigation of a Compound Parabolic Collector with a Flat Glazing." Sustainability 15, no. 5 (2023): 4347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15054347.

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The compound parabolic concentrator is a promising technology for efficient solar irradiation exploitation at low- and medium-temperature levels. This collector type can be used in a series of applications, such as solar cooling, desalination, and industrial process heat applications. This work presents a novel compound parabolic concentrator that presents satisfying efficiency and low cost due to the use of flat glazing and not an evacuated tube receiver. More specifically, the goal of the present investigation is based on the energy and exergy analysis of a compound parabolic collector with
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46

Rohit, Tripathi 1. *. G. N. Tiwari 2. "EXERGY AND CARBON CREDITS FOR SERIES CONNECTED N PHOTOVOLTAIC THERMAL - COMPOUND PARABOLIC CONCENTRATOR (PVT-CPC) COLLECTOR: AT CONSTANT OUTLET TEMPERATURE." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY 6, no. 9 (2017): 678–96. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.996054.

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In the present study, overall energy and exergy performance of partially covered N photovoltaic thermal - compound parabolic concentrators (PVT-CPC) (25% covered by glass to glass PV module) collector connected in series have been carried out at constant outlet temperature mode. Further, comparison in performance for partially covered N photovoltaic thermal - compound parabolic concentrators (PVT-CPC) [case (i)] and N compound parabolic concentrators (CPC) collector [case (ii)] connected in series have also been carried out by considering a fluid namely ethylene glycol for high thermal perform
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47

Carlini, Maurizio, Sarah Josephine McCormack, Sonia Castellucci, Anita Ortega, Mirko Rotondo, and Andrea Mennuni. "Modelling and Numerical Simulation for an Innovative Compound Solar Concentrator: Thermal Analysis by FEM Approach." Energies 13, no. 3 (2020): 548. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13030548.

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The work presents a heat transfer analysis carried out with the use of COMSOL Multiphysics software applied to a new solar concentrator, defined as the Compound Parabolic Concentrator (CPC) system. The experimental measures have been conducted for a truncated CPC prototype system with a half-acceptance angle of 60°, parabola coefficient of 4 m−1 and four solar cells in both covered and uncovered configurations. These data are used to validate the numerical scenario, to be able to use the simulations for different future systems and works. The second challenge has been to change the reflector g
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48

Sripadmanabhan Indira, Sridhar, Chockalingam Aravind Vaithilingam, Ramsundar Sivasubramanian, Kok-Keong Chong, R. Saidur, and Kulasekharan Narasingamurthi. "Optical performance of a hybrid compound parabolic concentrator and parabolic trough concentrator system for dual concentration." Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments 47 (October 2021): 101538. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2021.101538.

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Ларюнин, Олег, and Oleg Laryunin. "Numerical synthesis of ionograms in horizontally inhomogeneous ionosphere on the basis of compound parabolic layer model." Solar-Terrestrial Physics 2, no. 3 (2016): 74–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/22286.

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Abstract:
Characteristic U-shaped traces (cusps) on ionograms have been identified as off-angle echoes from sloping electron density contours caused by the presence of traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs). Temporal evolution of the cusps is associated with horizontal drift of the disturbances.
 A potential for reducing calculation time in numerical synthesis of vertical ionograms is under discussion. 
 Since numerical ray tracing is computationally intensive, we have developed simplified formulation for this study. The suggested model of compound parabolic layer allows us to analytically
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50

Pardellas, Alberto, Pedro Fortuny Ayuso, Luis Bayón, and Arsenio Barbón. "A New Two-Foci V-Trough Concentrator for Small-Scale Linear Fresnel Reflectors." Energies 16, no. 4 (2023): 1597. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16041597.

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Abstract:
We present the design of an original secondary cavity for use in Small-Scale Fresnel Reflectors in photovoltaic applications. The cavity is similar to the classical V-trough, but the primary reflector system is configured so that there are two focal points on the aperture. The rays coming from each side of the primary system reach the opposite side of the cavity, producing a non-symmetrical distribution of the irradiance. This modifies the acceptance half-angle and allows us to break the maximum limit for the concentration ratio of ideal symmetric concentrators. Our study is analytic, and we p
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