Academic literature on the topic 'Compound remote associates'
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Journal articles on the topic "Compound remote associates"
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Chein, Jason M., and Robert W. Weisberg. "Working memory and insight in verbal problems: analysis of compound remote associates." Memory & Cognition 42, no. 1 (July 18, 2013): 67–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13421-013-0343-4.
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Morrison, Robert G., Sean W. McCarthy, and John M. Molony. "The Experience of Insight Follows Incubation in the Compound Remote Associates Task." Journal of Creative Behavior 51, no. 2 (June 30, 2015): 180–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jocb.96.
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Wangbing Shen, Yuan Yuan, Chang Liu, Baoshu Yi, and Kai Dou. "The Development and Validity of a Chinese Version of the Compound Remote Associates Test." American Journal of Psychology 129, no. 3 (2016): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/amerjpsyc.129.3.0245.
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Olteţeanu, Ana-Maria, Holger Schultheis, and Jonathan B. Dyer. "Computationally constructing a repository of compound remote associates test items in American English with comRAT-G." Behavior Research Methods 50, no. 5 (December 12, 2017): 1971–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13428-017-0965-8.
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Peláez-Alfonso, José Luis, Santiago Pelegrina, and M. Teresa Lechuga. "Normative data for 102 Spanish remote associate problems and age-related differences in performance." Psicológica Journal 41, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 39–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/psicolj-2020-0003.
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AbstractThe Remote Associates Test (RAT) is a measure developed by Mednick (1962) which is used to assess the convergent thinking component of creativity. This study presents a normative database in Spanish including 102 problems based on the RAT. Three sets of problems were built according to the type of between-word associations: semantic, compound, and two-word expressions. These problems were administered to a sample of 309 elementary, high-school, and university students. The results show good internal consistency as well as good convergent validity with insight problems, and discriminant validity using Guilford’s Alternative Uses Test. In addition, the results indicate age-related differences in the ability to solve the different types of problems.
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Olteţeanu, Ana-Maria, and Zoe Falomir. "comRAT-C: A computational compound Remote Associates Test solver based on language data and its comparison to human performance." Pattern Recognition Letters 67 (December 2015): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.patrec.2015.05.015.
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Becker, Maxi, Gregor Wiedemann, and Simone Kühn. "Quantifying insightful problem solving: a modified compound remote associates paradigm using lexical priming to parametrically modulate different sources of task difficulty." Psychological Research 84, no. 2 (June 27, 2018): 528–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00426-018-1042-3.
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Ellis, Derek M., Matthew K. Robison, and Gene A. Brewer. "The Cognitive Underpinnings of Multiply-Constrained Problem Solving." Journal of Intelligence 9, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence9010007.
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Individuals encounter problems daily wherein varying numbers of constraints require delimitation of memory to target goal-satisfying information. Multiply-constrained problems, such as the compound remote associates, are commonly used to study this type of problem solving. Since their development, multiply-constrained problems have been theoretically and empirically related to creative thinking, analytical problem solving, insight problem solving, and a multitude of other cognitive abilities. In the present study, we empirically evaluated the range of cognitive abilities previously associated with multiply-constrained problem solving to assess common versus unique predictive variance (i.e., working memory, attention control, episodic and semantic memory, and fluid and crystallized intelligence). Additionally, we sought to determine whether problem-solving ability and self-reported strategy adoption (analytical or insightful) were task specific or task general through the use of novel multiply-constrained problem-solving tasks (TriBond and Location Bond). Performance across these tasks was shown to be domain general, solutions derived through insightful strategies were more often correct than those derived through analytical strategies, and crystallized intelligence was the sole cognitive ability that provided unique predictive value after accounting for all other abilities.
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Gershkovich, Valeria, Nadezhda Moroshkina, and Victoria Fedosova. "Memory for the source of solutions in remote associate tasks: The role of generation effect and the Aha!-experience." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology 11, no. 1 (2021): 72–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2021.105.
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The aim of the current work is to study the role of the Aha!-experience in remembering the source of solutions, either self-generated or externally presented. In memory studies there are specific source-monitoring errors, which occur whenever a participant claims to have generated an idea that was derived from different sources (unconscious plagiarism). Several previous studies have shown that experiencing the feeling of Aha! during either problem-solving or the presentation of the correct solutions can have a beneficial relationship to the subsequent recall of the material with the processing of which it was associated. However, studies of the Aha!-experience on the source monitoring task (self-generated solutions vs presented solutions) have not been conducted. In the authors’ study, the hypothesis that the feeling of Aha!, associated with the task being solved, can affect source-monitoring accuracy. During the first stage of the experiment, participants (80 people) had to solve Compound Remote Associates Task items and to estimate whether they had a feeling of Aha!, when either generating the solution or being presented with it in case they failed to generate it. At the second stage, conducted a week later, participants had to recall if the solution was generated by themselves or just presented. The results confirm the generation effect, which manifests itself in successfully recalling problems for which a solution was found (sufficient generation) compared to problems with no-solutions found (fail-to-generate). Participants quite accurately recognized the source of the solution a week later, attributing generated solutions to themselves, while attributing fail-to-generate solutions to the presented ones. However, the authors did not find any additional impact of the Aha!-experience on the problem’s recognition, nor on the sourcemonitoring task performance. In the conclusion of the article, the contradictions of different experimental data concerning the influence of the Aha!-experience on long-term memory and further areas of research is discussed.
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Alexander, Jessica K., Ashleigh Hillier, Ryan M. Smith, Madalina E. Tivarus, and David Q. Beversdorf. "Beta-adrenergic Modulation of Cognitive Flexibility during Stress." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 19, no. 3 (March 2007): 468–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2007.19.3.468.
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Stress-induced activation of the locus ceruleus-norepinephrine (LC-NE) system produces significant cognitive and behavioral effects, including enhanced arousal and attention. Improvements in discrimination task performance and memory have been attributed to this stress response. In contrast, for other cognitive functions that require cognitive flexibility, increased activity of the LC-NE system may produce deleterious effects. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of pharmacological modulation of the LC-NE system on stress-induced impairments in cognitive flexibility performance in healthy individuals. Cognitive performance, plus psychological and physiological parameters for 16 adults without any history of anxiety disorders, was assessed during four test sessions: stress and no-stress, with each condition tested after administration of propranolol and placebo. The Trier Social Stress Test, a public-speaking and mental arithmetic stressor, was presented to participants for the stress sessions, whereas a similar, but nonstressful, control task (reading, counting) was utilized for the no-stress sessions. Tests of cognitive flexibility included lexical-semantic and associative problem-solving tasks (anagrams, Compound Remote Associates Test). Visuo-spatial memory and motor processing speed tests served as control tasks. Results indicate that (1) stress impaired performance on cognitive flexibility tasks, but not control tasks; (2) compared to placebo, cognitive flexibility improved during stress with propranolol. Therefore, psychological stress, such as public speaking, negatively impacts performance on tasks requiring cognitive flexibility in normal individuals, and this effect is reversed by beta-adrenergic antagonism. This may provide support for the hypothesis that stress-related impairments in cognitive flexibility are related to the noradrenergic system.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Compound remote associates"
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"The Cognitive Underpinnings of Multiply-Constrained Problem Solving." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.53607.
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abstract: In the daily life of an individual problems of varying difficulty are encountered.
Each problem may include a different number of constraints placed upon the problem
solver. One type of problem commonly used in research are multiply-constrained
problems, such as the compound remote associates. Since their development they have
been related to creativity and insight. Moreover, research has been conducted to
determine the cognitive abilities underlying problem solving abilities. We sought to fully
evaluate the range of cognitive abilities (i.e., working memory, episodic and semantic
memory, and fluid and crystallized intelligence) linked to multiply-constrained problem
solving. Additionally, we sought to determine whether problem solving ability and
strategies (analytical or insightful) were task specific or domain general through the use
of novel problem solving tasks (TriBond and Location Bond). Results indicated that
multiply-constrained problem solving abilities were domain general, solutions derived
through insightful strategies were more often correct than analytical, and crystallized
intelligence was the only cognitive ability that provided unique predictive value.Dissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis Psychology 2019
Book chapters on the topic "Compound remote associates"
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Hoanca, Bogdan, and Kenrick Mock. "Social Implications of Distance Education in Alaska." In Electronic Business, 1576–89. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-056-1.ch097.
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Alaska is the largest and most sparsely populated state in the United States of America. Extreme weather patterns and extreme cultural diversity compound the challenge of delivering quality education to state residents in remote areas. E-learning technologies have emerged as a cost-effective, interactive means of delivering quality teaching to even the most isolated locations in the state. Additionally, the ability to archive content and to access it at will, in an asynchronous manner, is highly suited to the different learning styles and different learning rates of the various populations in the state. This chapter introduces the challenges associated with delivering e-learning in Alaska, reviews the historical evolution of distance-learning networks, and summarizes present achievements and future opportunities. The analysis includes K-12 education, higher education and professional continuing education.
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Beschkov, Venko, and Elena Razkazova-Velkova. "Bioelectrochemical Processes in Industrial Biotechnology." In Energy Storage Battery Systems - Fundamentals and Applications [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98582.
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Industrial fermentation and biological wastewater treatment are usually based on redox processes taking place in living cells and on enzyme processes. The practical application of these redox processes is usually associated with electricity generation in microbial fuel cells or process enhancement in microbial electrolysis cells. The microbial fuel cell approach leads to straightforward wastewater treatment with less energy demand. Additional advantages of these processes are the direct removal of various pollutants and the avoidance of addition of chemical agents with the resulting waste products of treatment as it is familiar with the traditional chemical methods. Another option for the use of bioelectrochemical processes in practice is the approach of microbial electrolysis cells. The application of electric field on fermentation or microbial wastewater treatment processes might result in different aspects: either in purely electrochemical processes on the electrodes or in different types of bioelectrochemical stimulation of enzyme activity in the living cells. These applications are associated with the combination of enzyme activity with electrochemical processes to produce or remove certain compounds rapidly at high concentrations with no additions of other chemicals. In the present chapter, both approaches (microbial fuel cells and microbial electrolysis cells) are presented and discussed. Some practical applications and experimental examples of such bioelectrochemical redox processes stimulated by constant electric field are demonstrated.
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Dalton, David R. "Specialized Wines." In The Chemistry of Wine. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190687199.003.0033.
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Specialized wines will have often have passed through similar sequences of grape maturation, harvest, and fermentation (which may or may not be carried to completion) typical of more normal wines but are, nonetheless, treated somewhat differently. Wines developed for shipment, such as Port, Madeira, and Sherry, discussed here, and wines developed from grapes infected with the fungal ascomycete known as Botrytis cinerea (aka the Noble Rot), wines produced from frozen grapes (Ice wine), and wines produced from grapes similar to those grown in the Champagne region of France and destined to become “sparkling wines,” to be discussed subsequently, are all slightly different from the general types already described. And yet, because the compounds initially found in the grapes enjoy the same precursors and are doubtlessly very similar save for their terroir and their individual genomic and epig¬enomic differences, all but the final treatments they undergo are somewhat similar. Indeed, in that vein, Port and Madeira wines apparently originated in Portugal and Sherry in Spain, and the preferred grapes from which the preferred beverages are made continue to grow in and or near the initial locations. Other growing regions do try, with greater or lesser success, to create similar beverages. Port, Sherry, and Madeira wines are all called “fortified” beverages. They are generally higher in alcohol content and other flavorings than those produced by typical fermentation processes and have one or two additional steps that are associated with their processing. The first step involves producing a “distilled beverage.” In this process a portion of the wine produced in the usual way by fermentation is subjected to the process of distillation in the presence of air. In that process the wine is heated above the temperature at which it vaporizes (different components vaporizing at different temperatures) and then the vapors produced are removed, condensed, and separated from the residue. Low- boiling materials such as water (H2O, the major constituent of wine), methyl alcohol (methanol [CH3OH] of which there are traces), acetaldehyde (ethanal [CH3CHO] produced by oxidation of ethanol), and perhaps surprisingly, ethyl alcohol (ethanol [CH3CH2OH]), as well as other low-boiling components (e.g., some esters) are removed.
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Evans, Hugh L. "Cognitive Complications of Mercury Exposure." In Cognitive and Behavioral Abnormalities of Pediatric Diseases. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195342680.003.0072.
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Mercury (Hg) is a nonessential metal that has been used in a variety of industrial procedures and pharmaceutical preparations over centuries, resulting in hot spots of environmental contamination and unwanted toxicity in people who were occupationally exposed or were treated with mercury compounds (Clarkson and Magos 2006; Evans 1998). Mercury exists in three different chemical forms, each having a different profile of toxicity. The central nervous system (CNS) is considered to be the target organ for organic mercury and elemental mercury. The kidneys are considered to be the target organ of inorganic mercury. The most widespread current exposure of children is to organic mercury from ingestion of seafood, most of which is in the form of methylmercury, the most severely neurotoxic form of mercury (Clarkson and Magos 2006). Maternal consumption of seafood, although nutritionally beneficial, has been associated with elevated mercury levels in maternal blood and hair, and with deleterious outcomes in their infants. Mothers can transit mercury to their fetus through their blood supply or to their infant through maternal milk. Children also are exposed to mercury in regions where gold is mined (Bose-O’Reilly et al. 2008). Other sources of exposures have been reviewed by Clarkson and Magos (2006). Over the past two decades in the United States, mercury has been increasingly restricted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and it has been removed from consumer products (where it had been used as a fungicide). Current efforts are under way to encourage consumers to trade their mercury thermometers for newer models that do not use mercury. Mercury has no essential nutritional role, so any amount of mercury in the body can be considered undesirable. For practical purposes, since mercury is present at some level almost everywhere on Earth, the key question is at what dose or concentration in the body can mercury-induced toxicity be documented? Continuing improvements in chemical measurement has resulted in the determining of mercury in lower concentrations. This has been matched by advances in neurological measurements and statistical analyses, resulting in the extrapolation of lower “safe” levels of mercury levels in drinking water, hair, and blood.
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Rosenfeld, Stuart, and Nalini Bhushan. "Chemical Synthesis: Complexity, Similarity, Natural Kinds, and the Evolution of a “Logic”." In Of Minds and Molecules. Oxford University Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195128345.003.0020.
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The goal of this chapter is to extract some of the conceptual underpinnings of the idea of synthesis and of the different aspects that constitute its practice. In so doing, we show why chemical synthesis should be of interest to metaphysicians and philosophers of science. To this end we (1) provide a provisional characterization of synthesis; (2) describe what chemists have understood to be the “logical” structure that underlies the modern practice of multistep synthesis; (3) explore the notions of molecular and synthetic complexity and the relationship between them; (4) analyze the use of similarity judgments in the categorization of compounds; and, related to this, (5) undertake a scrutiny of the notion of a natural kind in the context of the possibility of chemical synthesis. These last two, intertwined, issues having to do with categorization are of particular interest, given that some philosophers have taken chemistry to be the science that, in its theoretical workings, dispenses with such disreputable concepts as similarity and the associated idea of a natural kind which are of “dubious scientific standing.” For instance, Quine (1969) argues that the freedom from such imprecise means of categorization in chemistry is a marker of its status as a more “mature” science, one to which other domains aspire. However, by the same token, and ironically, this feature of chemistry in effect removes the discipline from the purview of philosophers, for reasons that will become clearer later on in the chapter. We argue against Quine, concluding that chemistry fails the test of maturity but becomes philosophically interesting in the process. The mid-nineteenth-century defeat of vitalism and the subsequent unification of organic and inorganic chemistry came in large measure as a result of chemical synthesis. This early indication of the powerful implications that arise for chemistry from this unique field of investigation might well suffice for its continuing philosophical scrutiny. There are at least two other reasons for undertaking a philosophical investigation of synthesis. Synthesis is, and has long been, pervasive in the practice of chemistry and is a unique, and defining, feature of this field.
Conference papers on the topic "Compound remote associates"
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Widmer, Wilbur, Weiyang Zhou, and Karel Grohmann. "Converting Citrus Waste to Ethanol and Other Co-Products." In ASME 2009 Citrus Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/cec2009-5502.
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Conversion of citrus processing waste (CPW) generated during juice production into value added co-products is an important aspect of the juice industry as it offers a solution to waste disposal issues. Currently the practice of drying citrus waste to produce citrus pulp pellets (CPP) for use as cattle feed is profitable. However, until the recent rise in value, CPP value was marginal and often did not meet production costs. Another concern has been volatile organic emissions during CPP production. Only one third of the residual peel oil present in citrus waste is recovered during CPP production with most being vented to the atmosphere during drying and is a growing environmental concern. Improvements in limonene recovery and development of alternative value added co-products obtained from CPW could add substantial value to the citrus crop. For current CPP production, the energy required to dry CPW is the major cost involved and approximately 25 lb of limonene are obtained per ton of CPP produced. Since limonene is recovered during evaporation/concentration of pressed peel juice using a waste heat evaporator, little additional cost is associated with limonene recovery. The concentrated citrus molasses produced may be added back to the press cake or fermented to make ethanol, but only contains a third of the sugars in CPW that are fermentable by conventional yeast. While utilizing the entire CPW stream for ethanol using hydrolysis and fermentation is more involved, three times the amount of ethanol can be obtained compared to using press liquor alone. Most of the limonene must be removed as it inhibits fermentation. In the process developed 85–95% of the limonene contained in CPW can be removed and recovered by steam stripping. This greatly reduces concerns associated with the release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during processing of CPW and the limonene recovered has a value equal or greater than stripping costs. Using a mixture of enzymes and yeast, the CPW is then hydrolyzed and fermented simultaneously to produce ethanol followed by distillation to remove and recover the ethanol. Enzyme costs to hydrolyze and liquefy CPW have been reduced to less than a dollar per gallon of ethanol produced, and the economics for distillation are still being optimized. The distillation residues contain half the solids of raw citrus waste that can still be utilized as a CPP product. Other uses for the residues such as incorporation of the pectic materials into building product and paper additives, and ion exchange materials for wastewater remediation are also in development. Paper published with permission.
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Burge, Scott R. "Automated Analysis of Trichloroethene and Chloroform." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4648.
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Chloroform and trichloroethene (TCE) are two organic contaminants commonly encountered in ground water. TCE, formerly a common cleaning solvent, is usually associated with contaminated aquifers. Chloroform is usually associated with the chlorination of municipal water. The remediation level for TCE in aquifers is typically 5 ppb, therefore, the analytical method employed for monitoring these analytes must be capable of detecting and quantifying the analytes in the low ppb concentration range. The most common analytical methodology for the determination of TCE or chloroform in water is a purge and trap technique for sample introduction into a gas chromatographic system equipped with electroconductivity or mass spectroscopy detector. The instrumentation has a method limit of detection (LOD) of less than 0.5 ppb for TCE and chloroform, however, the expense, size and complexity of the gas chromatographic techniques limit its use outside the laboratory environment. An alternative to the gas chromatographic method for the analysis of select volatile chlorinated compounds in the low concentration range is an analytical instrument based on a halocarbon-specific optrode. The principle of detection is a quantitative, irreversible chemical reaction (modified Fujiwara reaction) that forms visible light-absorbing products. The operational basis of the optrode is the measure of the time history of the development of the colored (red) product formed by the reaction of the target analytes. The optrode has the selectivity and sensitivity for monitoring TCE and chloroform at the low ppb concentration range in the presence of other volatile chlorinated contaminants. The low-power requirements and simplicity of design make it a good choice for remote operations. This paper presents the analytical results (January 2002, to December 2002) of a panel-mounted instrument used to monitor the influent and effluent water of a TCE treatment facility located in Scottsdale, Arizona, and the analytical results of a well-mounted instrument used to monitor ground water (May 2002, to August 2002) at Edwards Air Force Base, California.
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Zhou, Wenzhong, Gavin Henderson, and Shripad T. Revankar. "Experimental Study of Effects of Non-Condensable on Condensation in a Vertical Tube Bundle." In ASME 2009 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the InterPACK09 and 3rd Energy Sustainability Conferences. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2009-88497.
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One of the engineered safety systems in the advanced boiling water reactor is a passive containment cooling system (PCCS) which is composed of a number of vertical heat exchanger. After a loss of coolant accident, the pressurized steam discharged from the reactor and the noncondensable (NC) gases mixture flows into the PCCS condenser tube. The PCCS condenser must be able to remove sufficient energy from the reactor containment to prevent containment from exceeding its design pressure. The efficient performance of the PCCS condenser is thus vital to the safety of the reactor. In PCCS condenser tube three flow conditions are expected namely the forced flow, cyclic venting and complete condensation modes. The PCCS test facility consists of steam generator (SG), instrumented condenser with secondary pool boiling section, condensation tank, suppression pool, storage tank, air supply line, and associated piping and instrumentation. The specific design of condensing tube is based on scaling analysis from the PCCS design of ESBWR. The scaled PCCS is made of four tubes of diameter 52.5mm and height 1.8 m arranged in square pitch. Steam air mixture condensation tests were carried out in a through flow mode of operation where the mixture flows through the condenser tube with some steam condensation. Data on condensation heat transfer were obtained for two nominal pressures, 225 kPa and 275 kPa and for air concentration fraction from 0 to 13%. Test results showed that with increase in pressure the condensation heat transfer increased. The presence of the air in the steam decreased the condensation heat transfer coefficient from 10 to 45% depending on air fraction in the steam.
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Michelbacher, John A., Carl E. Baily, Daniel K. Baird, S. Paul Henslee, Collin J. Knight, and Kenneth E. Rosenberg. "Shutdown and Closure of the Experimental Breeder Reactor–II." In 10th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone10-22462.
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The Department of Energy mandated the termination of the Integral Fast Reactor (IFR) Program, effective October 1, 1994. To comply with this decision, Argonne National Laboratory-West (ANL-W) prepared a plan providing detailed requirements to maintain the Experimental Breeder Reactor-II (EBR-II) in a radiologically and industrially safe condition, including removal of all irradiated fuel assemblies from the reactor plant, and removal and stabilization of the primary and secondary sodium, a liquid metal used to transfer heat within the reactor plant. The EBR-II is a pool-type reactor. The primary system contained approximately 325 m3 (86,000 gallons) of sodium and the secondary system contained 50 m3 (13,000 gallons). In order to properly dispose of the sodium in compliance with the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), a facility was built to react the sodium to a solid sodium hydroxide monolith for burial as a low level waste in a land disposal facility. Deactivation of a liquid metal fast breeder reactor (LMFBR) presents unique concerns. Residual amounts of sodium remaining in circuits and components must be passivated, inerted, or removed to preclude future concerns with sodium-air reactions that could generate potentially explosive mixtures of hydrogen and leave corrosive compounds. The passivation process being implemented utilizes a moist carbon dioxide gas that generates a passive layer of sodium carbonate/sodium bicarbonate over any quantities of residual sodium. Tests being conducted will determine the maximum depths of sodium that can be reacted using this method, defining the amount that must be dealt with later to achieve RCRA clean closure. Deactivation of the EBR-II complex is on schedule for a March, 2002, completion. Each system associated with EBR-II has an associated layup plan defining the system end state, as well as instructions for achieving the layup condition. A goal of system-by-system layup is to minimize surveillance and maintenance requirements during the interim period between deactivation and decommissioning. The plans also establish document archival of not only all the closure documents, but also the key plant documents (P&IDs, design bases, characterization data, etc.) in a convenient location to assure the appropriate knowledge base is available for decommissioning, which could occur decades in the future.
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Szabo, T. "FRAGMENTATION OF CERULOPLASMIN BY THROMBINF." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644663.
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Copper containing proteolytic fragments of ceruloplasmin (CP), a 135 KDα2 -glycoprotein, have been shown to induce angiogenesis in the rabbit cornea assay.Neovascularisation plays an important role in different biological phenomena including chronic inflammation, wound healing, recanalisation of occluded blood vessels, tumor growth etc. Most of these events are associated with elevated CP levels. Neovascularisation occurs in diabetic macro- and microangiopathies as well. Serum CP concentrations in 92 diabetics were measured and compored to 50 healthy blood donors and 50 unselected hospitalized patients without malignancies. A marked CP elevation was observed in diabetics, especially in those with vascular complications. There was no correlation between the CP and the actual blood glucose concentrations, duration of the disease of the type of the treatment. Activation of the haemostatic processes has been found in the majority of diabetic patients with vascular diseases. In case CP is a substrate for thrombin, the generation of this specific serine protease may lead to the release of angiogenic peptides from CP on the site of vascular occlusion. For this reason, purified human CP was incubated with thrombin at pH 7.4, 37×C, and samples were removed at 0, 30, 60, 120, 240, min., and\after 2k hours for CP oxidase activity measurements and for SDS PAGE. Thrombin treatment did not affect the enzymic activity of CP. On SDS PAGE the band corresponding to the parent molecule eventually disappeared, and a Mr ll6 KD fragment together with three smaller peptides has been produced, with molecular masses 61, 4l and 20 KD, respectively. Based on these experiments, CP is to be considered as a new protein substrate for thrombin. The physiological relevance of this phenomenon needs further examination.
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Queen, David J., Andreas Felber, Clark Scarborough, and Peter Taylor. "Liquefied Natural Gas Pipeline Suspension Bridge Design." In 2006 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2006-10461.
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A new Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) plant, in Equatorial Guinea, Africa required a pipeline corridor with supplementary utilities from the processing plant at about 55 m (180’) above sea level, down to the marine loading facility. The use of conventional structures and foundations on the unstable slope had substantial associated costs and risk. Various options were considered and the suspension bridge solution, avoiding the geotechnically unstable slope by providing tower foundations above the slope on stable ground and in the ocean, was selected. Buckland & Taylor Ltd. developed the final design of a 350 m (1148’) main span inclined deck, suspension bridge to carry the pipeline corridor across the unstable geotechnical slope. The configuration of the bridge was dictated by the site conditions and the allowable movements of the pipelines. The superstructure consists of steel towers approximately 60 m (197’) tall with two main cables, each composed of three 89 mm (3 1/2”) strands, supporting a 12 m (39.4’) wide truss deck system. The deck of the bridge is fully grated for safety and ease of installation of the pipes and utilities once the main bridge structure was complete. With the pipes in position, the walkway provides continuous access to the pipelines and utilities for future maintenance, as well as provides a fixed pedestrian route from the plant to the loading facility. The details of all of the components were developed to address the demanding schedule, available fabrication facilities, shipping restrictions to the remote location, flexibility in the erection sequence and ease of construction. Repetitive structural components were detailed to simplify fabrication, facilitate transportation to the site and improve the schedule during construction. The aggressive project schedule dictated that field investigations were still being undertaken while final design was being completed. Buckland & Taylor Ltd. made design changes to suit field conditions or methods of construction with minimal impact on fabrication and construction. The design process considered various methods of erecting the bridge to simplify details and improve the construction schedule. The design of the suspension bridge was initiated in August 2004, with the conceptual design complete in a month and the detailed design issued for construction in January 2005. The main foundation construction and structural steel fabrication proceeded immediately with priorities set to meet the construction schedule. With the progress of design, fabrication and construction, Buckland & Taylor Ltd. anticipates that pipes will be installed on the bridge 20 months after the start of design.
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Rokni, Houman B., Ehsan M. Languri, and Wayne Johnson. "Convective Electronic Device Cooling Using Microencapsulated Phase Change Material Slurry in Planar Spiral Coil." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-52748.
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The current trend in miniaturization of electronic devises requires more effective thermal management techniques to remove the heat to ensure the maximum performance of the devise. Among all available thermal management techniques for electronic cooling, convective heat transfer cooling has gained attentions due to low cost and maturity in the market. The single-phase convective heat removal technique suffers from the low heat carrying capacity since there is no phase change occurs during the process. On the other hand, Microencapsulated phase change materials (MPCMs) are gaining attention due to their high heat carrying capacity. MPCMs are composed of phase change material (PCM) as the core material that is encapsulated with micrometer size shell materials. The PCM inside the capsules may undergo a phase change as the temperature varies around the melting and freezing temperature points of the PCM. This leads to a significant heat gain/release due to the phase change of the PCM. In this paper, we are performing a numerical modeling on the performance of MPCMs mixed with single-phase base fluid when pumped through planar spiral coils. From electronic thermal management point of view, it is ideal to have an enhanced coolant that maintain the operating temperature under an allowable level uniformly. The behavior of MPCM slurry when pumped through planar spiral coils reveals unique patterns due to the centrifugal forces. The available data on MPCM slurry through spiral coil heat exchangers show the new patterns of velocity and heat transfer curves that require further investigation and scientific explanations. The current paper studies the steady conditions of flows under laminar regimes at different boundary conditions. A CAD model of a planar coil heat exchanger is developed in SolidWorks. The model is meshed and discretized in order to apply the governing equations into the model. ANSYS Fluent package is used to solve the fluid flow and heat transfer equations inside the geometry. The velocity and temperature profiles along the coil are studied and discussed to quantify the roles of different forces in such flows. The ultimate goal of this study to evaluate the efficacy of utilizing such formulated microencapsulated PCM slurry at different mass concentrations on electronic thermal management considering the cost associated to the added pressure drop when using MPCM slurry.
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Radulescu, Victorita. "New Solution With Syntheses Inhibitors for the Chemical Cleaning of Organic Pollutants From the Water Supply System Of Generators." In ASME 2021 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2021-64314.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract In thermal power plants, during the boilers functioning, heterogeneous deposits of substances must often be removed in order to prolong their operation and avoid their deterioration. The nature, type and quantity of deposits depend on the characteristics of the water supply systems and the chemical operating regime. For boilers with high deposits of copper and iron, the utilization of mineral acids for chemical cleaning is not quite effective, because their surfaces may be covered with a metal copper film. Organic impurities in the water supply affect the operation of steam generators, increasing electrical conductivity and lowering the pH. The heterogeneous composition of the deposits is unevenly distributed in the combustion system, making its cleaning a complex problem. For efficient chemical cleaning, the agents must have a minimal corrosive action on the metal surfaces, ensuring only the dissolution of the compounds on the surface of the boilers. To prevent corrosion of metals, inhibitors are introduced to diminish the reactions on the metal surface or at least to delay the kinetics of the reaction. This paper analyzes the implications of organic pollutants in the corrosion phenomena and chemical processes where they are involved. As an example, the power plant Borzesti affiliated to the Petrochemical Platform, Bacau County, Romania is presented. The adopted solution uses as an inhibitor, a synthesis between amino alcohol and a thiazole, in the presence of water. This inhibitor has been tested in the laboratory on different steels used in energy pipes, in different areas of the thermal circuits in the boiler, as pure steel or with different alloys. The methods used to reduce the effects of corrosion are briefly presented. Four classes of organic substances with properties of corrosion inhibitors in the organic acid environment were analyzed. The experimental results obtained, associated with a comparative analysis of corrosion rates, for different concentrations of inhibitors for a time interval of 4 hours are mentioned. In the second stage, the inhibitor behavior was analyzed for 6h and 8h. Corrosion rates are estimated by measuring the weight loss of the tested probes. Finally, the most suitable types of inhibitors, adapted at different metal compositions are presented, with a result in the cleaning of more than 98% of the surface of the boilers.
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Garcia, Alfonso, Trevor Place, and Stephen Wood. "Development of Key Performance Indicator for Management of Under Deposit Corrosion (UDC)." In 2016 11th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2016-64501.
Full textAbstract:
Hydrocarbons transported in transmission pipelines contain solid particles with micro-attached water. Subjected to flow conditions, these particles may have sufficient density to reach the pipe floor and enable bacteria growth and local Under-Deposit Corrosion (UDC), with this form of corrosion being one of the principal threats to the integrity of oil and gas transmission pipelines. NACE International has published a variety of UDC related standard practices to manage corrosion in the oil industry such NACE 61114, but few of them are representative of, or applicable to, low water cut hydrocarbon transmission pipelines. Further, there are presently no industry recognized key performance indicators (KPIs) suitable for managing UDC in low water cut hydrocarbon transmission pipelines. Enbridge (the “Company”) operates North America’s largest interconnected liquid hydrocarbon transmission pipeline network. For the purposes of this paper, when the word ‘transmission’ is used to modify ‘crude oil’, ‘hydrocarbons’, or ‘pipelines’, it implies medium to long distance transport (100’s to 1000’s of km) as well as clean, “refinery-ready” crude oil (oil containing less than 0.5% sediment and water). This quality of oil renders it generally non-corrosive at pipeline operating conditions. However, if water wet particulates accumulate on the pipe floor, it can lead to UDC. The Company collects sludge samples produced during pigging operations on a regular basis to establish the composition of these materials and quantify bacterial population/activity. These solids represent an amalgamation of material removed from the pipe floor, and thus can be used as an indicator of the UDC threat in the pipeline. This paper builds upon previous work of the Company [1] by considering a larger data set in order to generate a more meaningful assessment of bacteria population/activity and provide better correlations with crystalline compounds, water content and elements found in the sludge. This paper presents these data and associated statistical analysis, and proposes KPIs for evaluating the UDC threat based on numerous variables, including in-line inspection Magnetic Flux Leak (MFL) data (through signal to signal corrosion growth rates), sludge analysis, flow conditions and pipeline operation; this paper also suggests mitigation activities and intervals relative to these KPIs. Personnel involved in pipeline integrity management (e.g. field operations, technical and management staff) may find the concepts, strategies and correlations presented herein to be useful in developing their own UDC management programs.
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Denton, Mark S., and Mercouri G. Kanatzidis. "Innovative Highly Selective Removal of Cesium and Strontium Utilizing a Newly Developed Class of Inorganic Ion Specific Media." In ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16221.
Full textAbstract:
Highly selective removal of Cesium and Strontium is critical for waste treatment and environmental remediation. Cesium-137 is a beta-gamma emitter and Strontium-90 is a beta emitter with respective half-lives of 30 and 29 years. Both elements are present at many nuclear sites. Cesium and Strontium can be found in wastewaters at Washington State’s Hanford Site, as well as in wastestreams of many Magnox reactor sites. Cesium and Strontium are found in the Reactor Coolant System of light water reactors at nuclear power plants. Both elements are also found in spent nuclear fuel and in high-level waste (HLW) at DOE sites. Cesium and Strontium are further major contributors to the activity and the heat load. Therefore, technologies to extract Cesium and Strontium are critical for environmental remediation waste treatment and dose minimization. Radionuclides such as Cesium-137 and Strontium-90 are key drivers of liquid waste classification at light water reactors and within the DOE tank farm complexes. The treatment, storage, and disposal of these wastes represents a major cost for nuclear power plant operators, and comprises one of the most challenging technology-driven projects for the DOE Environmental Management (EM) program. Extraction technologies to remove Cesium and Strontium have been an active field of research. Four notable extraction technologies have been developed so far for HLW: solvent extraction, prussian blue, crystalline silicotitanate (CST) and organic ion-exchangers (e.g., resorcinol formaldehyde and SuperLig). The use of one technology over another depends on the specific application. For example, the waste treatment plant (WTP) at Hanford is planning on using a highly-selective organic ion-exchange resin to remove Cesium and Strontium. Such organic ion-exchangers use molecular recognition to selectively bind to Cesium and Strontium. However, these organic ion-exchangers are synthesized using multi-step organic synthesis. The associated cost to synthesize organic ion-exchangers is prohibitive and seriously limits the scope of applications for organic ion-exchangers. Further issues include resin swelling, potential hydrogen generation and precluding final disposal by vitrification without further issues. An alternative to these issues of organic ion-exchangers is emerging. Inorganic ion-exchangers offer a superior chemical, thermal and radiation stability which is simply not achievable with organic compounds. They can be used to remove both Cesium as well as Strontium with a high level of selectivity under a broad pH range. Inorganic ion-exchangers can operate at acidic pH where protons inhibit ion exchange in alternative technologies such as CST. They can also be used at high pH which is typically found in conditions present in many nuclear waste types. For example, inorganic ion-exchangers have shown significant Strontium uptake from pH 1.9 to 14. In contrast to organic ion-exchangers, inorganic ion-exchangers are not synthesized via complex multi-step organic synthesis. Therefore, inorganic ion-exchangers are substantially more cost-effective when compared to organic ion-exchangers as well as CST. Selective removal of specified isotopes through ion exchange is a common and proven treatment method for liquid waste, yet various aspects of existing technologies leave room for improvement with respect to both cost and effectiveness. We demonstrate a novel class of inorganic ion-exchangers for the selective removal of cesium and strontium (with future work planned for uranium removal), the first of a growing family of patent-pending, potentially elutable, and paramagnetic ion-exchange materials [1]. These highly selective inorganic ion-exchangers display strong chemical, thermal and radiation stability, and can be readily synthesized from low-cost materials, making them a promising alternative to organic ion-exchange resins and crystalline silicotitanate (CST). By nature, these inorganic media lend themselves more readily to volume reduction (VR) by vitrification without the issues faced with organic resins. In fact, with a simple melting of the KMS-1 media at 650–670 deg. C (i.e., well below the volatilization temperature of Cs, Sr, Mn, Fe, Sb, etc.), a VR of 4:1 was achieved. With true pyrolysis at higher temperatures or by vitrification, this VR would be much higher. The introduction of this new family of highly specific ion-exchange agents has potential to both reduce the cost of waste processing, and enable improved waste-classification management in both nuclear power plants (for the separation of Class A from B/C wastes) and DOE tank farms [for the separation of low level waste (LLW) from high level waste (HLW)]. In conclusion, we demonstrate for the first time a novel inorganic ion-exchanger for the selective removal of Cesium and Strontium. These inorganic ion-exchangers are chemical, thermal and radiation stable. These inorganic ion-exchangers can be synthesized in a cost-effective way which makes them significantly more effective than organic ion-exchange resin and CST. Finally, new thermal options are afforded for their final volume reduction, storage and disposal.