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Chein, Jason M., and Robert W. Weisberg. "Working memory and insight in verbal problems: analysis of compound remote associates." Memory & Cognition 42, no. 1 (July 18, 2013): 67–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13421-013-0343-4.
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Morrison, Robert G., Sean W. McCarthy, and John M. Molony. "The Experience of Insight Follows Incubation in the Compound Remote Associates Task." Journal of Creative Behavior 51, no. 2 (June 30, 2015): 180–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jocb.96.
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Wangbing Shen, Yuan Yuan, Chang Liu, Baoshu Yi, and Kai Dou. "The Development and Validity of a Chinese Version of the Compound Remote Associates Test." American Journal of Psychology 129, no. 3 (2016): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/amerjpsyc.129.3.0245.
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Olteţeanu, Ana-Maria, Holger Schultheis, and Jonathan B. Dyer. "Computationally constructing a repository of compound remote associates test items in American English with comRAT-G." Behavior Research Methods 50, no. 5 (December 12, 2017): 1971–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13428-017-0965-8.
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Peláez-Alfonso, José Luis, Santiago Pelegrina, and M. Teresa Lechuga. "Normative data for 102 Spanish remote associate problems and age-related differences in performance." Psicológica Journal 41, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 39–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/psicolj-2020-0003.
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AbstractThe Remote Associates Test (RAT) is a measure developed by Mednick (1962) which is used to assess the convergent thinking component of creativity. This study presents a normative database in Spanish including 102 problems based on the RAT. Three sets of problems were built according to the type of between-word associations: semantic, compound, and two-word expressions. These problems were administered to a sample of 309 elementary, high-school, and university students. The results show good internal consistency as well as good convergent validity with insight problems, and discriminant validity using Guilford’s Alternative Uses Test. In addition, the results indicate age-related differences in the ability to solve the different types of problems.
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Olteţeanu, Ana-Maria, and Zoe Falomir. "comRAT-C: A computational compound Remote Associates Test solver based on language data and its comparison to human performance." Pattern Recognition Letters 67 (December 2015): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.patrec.2015.05.015.
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Becker, Maxi, Gregor Wiedemann, and Simone Kühn. "Quantifying insightful problem solving: a modified compound remote associates paradigm using lexical priming to parametrically modulate different sources of task difficulty." Psychological Research 84, no. 2 (June 27, 2018): 528–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00426-018-1042-3.
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Ellis, Derek M., Matthew K. Robison, and Gene A. Brewer. "The Cognitive Underpinnings of Multiply-Constrained Problem Solving." Journal of Intelligence 9, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence9010007.
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Individuals encounter problems daily wherein varying numbers of constraints require delimitation of memory to target goal-satisfying information. Multiply-constrained problems, such as the compound remote associates, are commonly used to study this type of problem solving. Since their development, multiply-constrained problems have been theoretically and empirically related to creative thinking, analytical problem solving, insight problem solving, and a multitude of other cognitive abilities. In the present study, we empirically evaluated the range of cognitive abilities previously associated with multiply-constrained problem solving to assess common versus unique predictive variance (i.e., working memory, attention control, episodic and semantic memory, and fluid and crystallized intelligence). Additionally, we sought to determine whether problem-solving ability and self-reported strategy adoption (analytical or insightful) were task specific or task general through the use of novel multiply-constrained problem-solving tasks (TriBond and Location Bond). Performance across these tasks was shown to be domain general, solutions derived through insightful strategies were more often correct than those derived through analytical strategies, and crystallized intelligence was the sole cognitive ability that provided unique predictive value after accounting for all other abilities.
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Gershkovich, Valeria, Nadezhda Moroshkina, and Victoria Fedosova. "Memory for the source of solutions in remote associate tasks: The role of generation effect and the Aha!-experience." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology 11, no. 1 (2021): 72–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2021.105.
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The aim of the current work is to study the role of the Aha!-experience in remembering the source of solutions, either self-generated or externally presented. In memory studies there are specific source-monitoring errors, which occur whenever a participant claims to have generated an idea that was derived from different sources (unconscious plagiarism). Several previous studies have shown that experiencing the feeling of Aha! during either problem-solving or the presentation of the correct solutions can have a beneficial relationship to the subsequent recall of the material with the processing of which it was associated. However, studies of the Aha!-experience on the source monitoring task (self-generated solutions vs presented solutions) have not been conducted. In the authors’ study, the hypothesis that the feeling of Aha!, associated with the task being solved, can affect source-monitoring accuracy. During the first stage of the experiment, participants (80 people) had to solve Compound Remote Associates Task items and to estimate whether they had a feeling of Aha!, when either generating the solution or being presented with it in case they failed to generate it. At the second stage, conducted a week later, participants had to recall if the solution was generated by themselves or just presented. The results confirm the generation effect, which manifests itself in successfully recalling problems for which a solution was found (sufficient generation) compared to problems with no-solutions found (fail-to-generate). Participants quite accurately recognized the source of the solution a week later, attributing generated solutions to themselves, while attributing fail-to-generate solutions to the presented ones. However, the authors did not find any additional impact of the Aha!-experience on the problem’s recognition, nor on the sourcemonitoring task performance. In the conclusion of the article, the contradictions of different experimental data concerning the influence of the Aha!-experience on long-term memory and further areas of research is discussed.
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Alexander, Jessica K., Ashleigh Hillier, Ryan M. Smith, Madalina E. Tivarus, and David Q. Beversdorf. "Beta-adrenergic Modulation of Cognitive Flexibility during Stress." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 19, no. 3 (March 2007): 468–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2007.19.3.468.
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Stress-induced activation of the locus ceruleus-norepinephrine (LC-NE) system produces significant cognitive and behavioral effects, including enhanced arousal and attention. Improvements in discrimination task performance and memory have been attributed to this stress response. In contrast, for other cognitive functions that require cognitive flexibility, increased activity of the LC-NE system may produce deleterious effects. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of pharmacological modulation of the LC-NE system on stress-induced impairments in cognitive flexibility performance in healthy individuals. Cognitive performance, plus psychological and physiological parameters for 16 adults without any history of anxiety disorders, was assessed during four test sessions: stress and no-stress, with each condition tested after administration of propranolol and placebo. The Trier Social Stress Test, a public-speaking and mental arithmetic stressor, was presented to participants for the stress sessions, whereas a similar, but nonstressful, control task (reading, counting) was utilized for the no-stress sessions. Tests of cognitive flexibility included lexical-semantic and associative problem-solving tasks (anagrams, Compound Remote Associates Test). Visuo-spatial memory and motor processing speed tests served as control tasks. Results indicate that (1) stress impaired performance on cognitive flexibility tasks, but not control tasks; (2) compared to placebo, cognitive flexibility improved during stress with propranolol. Therefore, psychological stress, such as public speaking, negatively impacts performance on tasks requiring cognitive flexibility in normal individuals, and this effect is reversed by beta-adrenergic antagonism. This may provide support for the hypothesis that stress-related impairments in cognitive flexibility are related to the noradrenergic system.
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Prichula, Janira, Muriel Primon-Barros, Romeu C. Z. Luz, Ícaro M. S. Castro, Thiago G. S. Paim, Maurício Tavares, Rodrigo Ligabue-Braun, et al. "Genome Mining for Antimicrobial Compounds in Wild Marine Animals-Associated Enterococci." Marine Drugs 19, no. 6 (June 6, 2021): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md19060328.
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New ecosystems are being actively mined for new bioactive compounds. Because of the large amount of unexplored biodiversity, bacteria from marine environments are especially promising. Further, host-associated microbes are of special interest because of their low toxicity and compatibility with host health. Here, we identified and characterized biosynthetic gene clusters encoding antimicrobial compounds in host-associated enterococci recovered from fecal samples of wild marine animals remote from human-affected ecosystems. Putative biosynthetic gene clusters in the genomes of 22 Enterococcus strains of marine origin were predicted using antiSMASH5 and Bagel4 bioinformatic software. At least one gene cluster encoding a putative bioactive compound precursor was identified in each genome. Collectively, 73 putative antimicrobial compounds were identified, including 61 bacteriocins (83.56%), 10 terpenes (13.70%), and 2 (2.74%) related to putative nonribosomal peptides (NRPs). Two of the species studied, Enterococcus avium and Enterococcus mundtti, are rare causes of human disease and were found to lack any known pathogenic determinants but yet possessed bacteriocin biosynthetic genes, suggesting possible additional utility as probiotics. Wild marine animal-associated enterococci from human-remote ecosystems provide a potentially rich source for new antimicrobial compounds of therapeutic and industrial value and potential probiotic application.
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Bowden, Edward M., and Mark Jung-Beeman. "Normative data for 144 compound remote associate problems." Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers 35, no. 4 (November 2003): 634–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03195543.
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Wu, Ching-Lin, and Hsueh-Chih Chen. "Normative data for Chinese compound remote associate problems." Behavior Research Methods 49, no. 6 (March 24, 2017): 2163–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13428-016-0849-3.
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Pacifici, Andrea, Daniele Carbone, Roberta Marini, and Luciano Pacifici. "Surgical Management of Compound Odontoma Associated with Unerupted Tooth." Case Reports in Dentistry 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/902618.
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Odontomas represent the most common type of odontogenic benign jaws tumors among patients younger than 20 years of age. These tumors are composed of enamel, dentine, cementum, and pulp tissue. According to the World Health Organization classification, two distinct types of odontomas are acknowledged: complex and compound odontoma. In complex odontomas, all dental tissues are formed, but appeared without an organized structure. In compound odontomas, all dental tissues are arranged in numerous tooth-like structures known as denticles. Compound odontomas are often associated with impacted adjacent permanent teeth and their surgical removal represents the best therapeutic option. A case of a 20-year-old male patient with a compound odontoma-associated of impacted maxillary canine is presented. A minimally invasive surgical technique is adopted to remove the least amount of bone tissue as far as possible.
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Salvi, Carola, Giulio Costantini, Emanuela Bricolo, Marco Perugini, and Mark Beeman. "Validation of Italian rebus puzzles and compound remote associate problems." Behavior Research Methods 48, no. 2 (July 7, 2015): 664–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13428-015-0597-9.
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Threadgold, Emma, John E. Marsh, Neil McLatchie, and Linden J. Ball. "Background music stints creativity: Evidence from compound remote associate tasks." Applied Cognitive Psychology 33, no. 5 (February 21, 2019): 873–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/acp.3532.
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De Jesus Rosa, Lauro Roberto, Adriane Machado, Cristine Lenz, Luciana Oliveira dos Santos, and Lucas Santana Menezes. "Análise multiespacial para mapeamento geológico: estudo de caso no corpo gabróico-granítico, Faixa de Dobramentos Sergipana / Multispacial analytics to geological mapping: case study at gabroic-granitic body, Sergipano Fold Belt." Caderno de Geografia 28, no. 53 (May 12, 2018): 337–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5752/p.2318-2962.2018v28n53p337-361.
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Novos dados geológicos foram obtidos em um corpo gabróico-granítico na Faixa de Dobramentos Sergipana (Capela, SE), utilizando as técnicas de sensoriamento remoto e geoprocessamento integradas, em uma escala de semi-detalhe (1: 30.000). Esse corpo é constituído de um conjunto de rochas ígneas, compostas principalmente por gabros, ocorrendo ainda quartzo-dioritos e granodioritos. Nesse estudo, foram utilizados dados de magnetometria, de imagens de satélite Landsat 8 e dados TOPODATA, geoprocessados no software Quantum Gis. As informações obtidas, associadas a dados de trabalhos de campo, permitiram a identificação de novas litologias e estruturas, o que levou a uma melhor delimitação desse pluton no campo e a obtenção de um novo mapa geológico da região estudada. Com essas informações, foi possível concluir que o corpo estudado é resultado de vários pulsos magmáticos, associados a processos de mistura de magmas, que originaram uma grande variedade de rochas ígneas na área. Palavras-Chave: Sensoriamento Remoto, Geoprocessamento, Corpo Gabróico-Granítico.AbstractNew lithological data were obtained of a gabbroic-granitic body in Sergipano Fold Belt (Capela, SE), using remote sensing and geoprocessing as integrated techniques in a semi-detail scale (1:30,000). This body is composed of a number of igneous rocks, mainly gabbros, besides quartz-diorites and granodiorites. In this study, it was used magnetometry data, satellite images of Landsat 8 and TOPODATA data, geoprocessed in Quantum Gis software. With these data, coupled with information obtained in fieldworks, it was possible to identify new lithologies and structures, and as a consequence, to obtain a better field limits for this igneous pluton and a new geological map of the studied area. It is possible to conclude that these rocks are the result of many magmatic pulses, with several mixing processes, which originated a great variety of igneous rocks in the area.Keyword:. Remote sensing, Geoprocessing, Gabbroic-Granitic body.
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Comerton, Anna M., Robert C. Andrews, and David M. Bagley. "Practical overview of analytical methods for endocrine-disrupting compounds, pharmaceuticals and personal care products in water and wastewater." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 367, no. 1904 (October 13, 2009): 3923–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2009.0111.
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The detection of organic micropollutants, such as endocrine-disrupting compounds, pharmaceuticals and personal care products, in wastewater and the aquatic environment has brought increasing concern over their potential adverse ecological and human impacts. These compounds are generally present at trace levels (ng l −1 ) and in complex water matrices, such as wastewaters and surface waters, making their analysis difficult. Currently, no standardized analytical methods are available for the analysis of organic micropollutants in environmental waters. Owing to the diversity of physico-chemical properties exhibited by the various classes of organic micropollutants, the majority of established analytical methods described in the literature focus on a specific class of compounds, with few methods applicable to multi-class compound analysis. As such, analytical challenges and limitations contribute to the lack of understanding of the effectiveness of drinking water and wastewater treatment processes to remove organic micropollutants. This paper provides a practical overview of current analytical methods that have been developed for the analysis of multiple classes of organic micropollutants from various water matrices and describes the challenges and limitations associated with the development of these methods.
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Imran, Dr Aed Jaber. "AL – Mansuriya gas fields associated liquid and its role to increase the potential capacity of gasoline fuel in Daura oil refinery." Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies 7, no. 1 (May 6, 2021): 107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v7i1.167.
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Hydrotreating processing is commonly used to remove platforming catalyst poisons from straight run or cracked naphthas prior to charging to the platforming Process unit. It can be seen that the primary function of the naphtha Hydrotreating Process can be characterized as a “Clean up” Operation. The catalyst used in the Naphtha Hydrotreating Process is composed of an alumina base impregnated with compounds of cobalt or nickel and molybdenum. The catalyst is insensitive to most poisons which affect dehydrogenation reactions. A relatively high percentage of carbon on the catalyst does not materially affect its sensitivity or selectivity. Volumetric recoveries of products depend on the sulfur and olefin contents [1].
The Naphtha Hydrotreating Process is a catalytic refining process employing a selected catalyst and a hydrogen-rich gas stream to decompose organic sulfur, oxygen and nitrogen compounds contained in hydrocarbon fractions. In addition, hydrotreating removes organo-metallic compounds and saturates olefinic compounds.
Organo-metallic compounds, notably arsenic and lead compounds, are known to be permanent poisons to platinum catalysts. "The complete removal of these materials by Hydrotreating processing gives longer catalyst life in the platforming unit.
Sulfur, above a critical level, is a temporary poison to platforming catalysts and causes an unfavorable change in the product distribution. Organic nitrogen is also a temporary poison to platforming catalyst. It is an extremely potent one, however, and relatively small amounts of nitrogen compounds in the Platformer feed can cause large deactivation effects, as well as the deposition of ammonium chloride salts in the platforming unit cold sections.
Oxygen compounds are detrimental to the operation of a Platformer. Any oxygen compounds which are not removed in the hydrotreater will be converted to water in the platforming unit, thus affecting the water/ chloride balance of the platforming catalyst. Large amounts of olefins contribute to increase coking of the platforming catalyst. Also, olefins can polymerize at platforming operating conditions which can result in exchanger and reactor fouling.
The Naphtha Hydrotreating Process makes a major contribution to the ease of operation and economy of platforming. Much greater flexibility is afforded in choice of allowable charge stocks to the platforming unit. Because this unit protects the platforming catalyst, it is important to maintain consistently good operation in the Hydrotreating Unit.
In addition to treating naphtha for Platformer feed, naphthas produced from thermal cracking processes, such as delayed coking and visbreaking, are usually high in olefinic content and other contaminants, and may not be stable in storage. These naphthas may be hydrotreated to stabilize the olefins and to remove organic or metallic contaminants, thus providing a marketable product.
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Landmann, Nina, Marion Kuhn, Hannah Piosczyk, Bernd Feige, Dieter Riemann, and Christoph Nissen. "Entwicklung von 130 deutschsprachigen Compound Remote Associate (CRA)-Worträtseln zur Untersuchung kreativer Prozesse im deutschen Sprachraum." Psychologische Rundschau 65, no. 4 (October 2014): 200–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1026/0033-3042/a000223.
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Der Compound Remote Associate (CRA) -Test stellt eine wichtige Aufgabe für die systematische Untersuchung verbal-assoziativer Prozesse als ein Korrelat für Kreativität dar, der bislang nur im englischen Sprachraum zur Verfügung stand. Der Test besteht aus Worträtseln mit jeweils drei nicht verwandten Stimuluswörtern (Triadenkonstituenten), für die ein viertes, mit allen drei Wörtern assoziiertes Wort (gemeinsames Assoziat) gefunden werden soll. Gegenstand der vorliegenden Arbeit war die Entwicklung und der Einsatz von 130 CRA-Worträtseln für den deutschen Sprachraum. Hierzu wurden zwei Gruppen von 40 Probanden 65 neu entwickelte CRA-Worträtsel für die Dauer von maximal 60 Sekunden dargeboten. Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt die Worträtsel sortiert nach aufsteigendem Schwierigkeitsgrad vor. Als Normwerte werden für vier Zeitintervalle (5 s, 15 s, 30 s und 60 s) die Anzahl der Probanden, die das Worträtsel gelöst haben (%), die mittlere Lösungszeit (s) sowie die Lösung mit Einsicht (%) angegeben. Der Datensatz ermöglicht auch in der deutschsprachigen Forschung den Einsatz einer etablierten Aufgabe zu Einsicht und Problemlösen, um das Konstrukt „Kreativität” weiter zu erschließen.
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Kouřil, Štěpán, Julie de Sousa, Jan Václavík, David Friedecký, and Tomáš Adam. "CROP: correlation-based reduction of feature multiplicities in untargeted metabolomic data." Bioinformatics 36, no. 9 (January 13, 2020): 2941–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa012.
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Abstract Summary Untargeted liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis produces a large number of features which correspond to the potential compounds in the sample that is analyzed. During the data processing, it is necessary to merge features associated with one compound to prevent multiplicities in the data and possible misidentification. The processing tools that are currently employed use complex algorithms to detect abundances, such as adducts or isotopes. However, most of them are not able to deal with unpredictable adducts and in-source fragments. We introduce a simple open-source R-script CROP based on Pearson pairwise correlations and retention time together with a graphical representation of the correlation network to remove these redundant features. Availability and implementation The CROP R-script is available online at www.github.com/rendju/CROP under GNU GPL. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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ANTONIOU, KATERINA, and JOSEPH F. FRANK. "Removal of Pseudomonas putida Biofilm and Associated Extracellular Polymeric Substances from Stainless Steel by Alkali Cleaning." Journal of Food Protection 68, no. 2 (February 1, 2005): 277–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-68.2.277.
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Alkali (NaOH)-based compounds are commonly used in the food industry to clean food contact surfaces. However, little information is available on the ability of alkali and alkali-based cleaning compounds to remove extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) produced by biofilm bacteria. The objectives of this study were to determine the temperature and NaOH concentration necessary to remove biofilm EPS from stainless steel under turbulent flow conditions (clean-in-place simulation) and to determine the ability of a commercial alkaline cleaner to remove biofilm EPS from stainless steel when applied under static conditions without heat. Biofilms were produced by growing Pseudomonas putida on stainless steel for 72 h at 25°C in a 1:10 dilution of Trypticase soy broth. The biofilms were treated using NaOH at concentrations of 1.28 to 6.0% and temperatures ranging from 66 to 70°C. Other biofilms were treated with commercial alkaline cleaner at 25 or 4°C for 1 to 30 min. Removal of EPS was determined by direct microscopic observation of samples stained with fluorescent-labeled peanut agglutinin lectin. Treatment with 1.2% NaOH at 66°C for 3 min was insufficient to remove biofilm EPS. A minimum of 2.5% NaOH at 66°C and 2.0% NaOH at 68°C for 3 min were both effective for EPS removal. Commercial alkaline cleaner removed over 99% of biofilm EPS within 1 min at 4 and 25°C under static conditions. Selection of appropriated cleaning agent formulation and use at recommended concentrations and temperatures is critical for removal of biofilm EPS from stainless steel.
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Hutmacher, W. J., and R. Rodriguez. "Challenges Associated with Oil Spill Response in Remote Regions of Western Alaska." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2001, no. 1 (March 1, 2001): 209–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2001-1-209.
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ABSTRACT Western Alaska is, to say the least, remote. The area is vast, unforgiving at times, and notorious for offering rugged coastlines, severe weather conditions, and home to numerous species of birds, marine and terrestrial mammals, and fish. To get an understanding of the size of this state, Alaska spans about 20 degrees of latitude (1,200 miles) and more than 45 degrees of longitude (2,700 miles). The coastline area runs from Cape Puget in the Gulf of Alaska to the Alaska Peninsula, to the Aleutian Islands thence north to Barrow including, the Bering and Chukchi Seas, and thence east through the Beaufort Sea to the U.S.-Canada border. Traveling north to south, the region is classified as arctic, subarctic, or marine coastal. This paper will discuss the challenges faced by federal, state, and local agencies, and responders while responding to vessel casualties in the remote regions of Alaska. The geographic area of the state this paper will focus on is known as Western Alaska and is composed of the Alaska Peninsula, Aleutian Islands, the islands of Bristol Bay, and Pribilof Islands. The bodies of water surrounding Western Alaska are the Gulf of Alaska, North Pacific Ocean, Bristol Bay, and Bering Sea.
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Shah, Claire S., Valerie L. Shalin, Kristy Pugh, Lorreen Agandi, Adam Puche, and Sam Tisherman. "Communication Patterns in Remote, Interactive Surgical Training." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 63, no. 1 (November 2019): 672–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181319631257.
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The present study examines process and outcome measures associated with three forms of support for conducting an unfamiliar surgical task: an unaided control condition, a video resource condition and a remotely-located mentor. Twenty-eight surgeons performed four different uncommon trauma procedures while thinking aloud in either the control or video condition or exchanging dialogue with an available mentor. Focusing on the upper and lower fasciotomies here, we analyzed verbal content using LIWC metrics and specially composed dictionaries based on Speech Act Theory. Both procedure-specific and subjective performance measures distinguish between experimental conditions, favoring the mentoring condition. Mentor presence also changes the surgeons’ verbal data. Verbal data are correlated with the procedure specific performance measures across all conditions but have no relationship to the subjective measure. Focus on the status of the procedure is reinforced by the mentor’s presence and indicates potential opportunities for augmenting the video intervention.
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Luft, Caroline Di Bernardi, Ioanna Zioga, Nicholas M. Thompson, Michael J. Banissy, and Joydeep Bhattacharya. "Right temporal alpha oscillations as a neural mechanism for inhibiting obvious associations." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 52 (December 12, 2018): E12144—E12152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1811465115.
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Creative cognition requires mental exploration of remotely connected concepts while suppressing dominant ones. Across four experiments using different samples of participants, we provide evidence that right temporal alpha oscillations play a crucial role in inhibiting habitual thinking modes, thereby paving the way for accessing more remote ideas. In the first experiment, participants completed the compound remote associate task (RAT) in three separate sessions: during right temporal alpha (10 Hz) transcranial alternating current brain stimulation (tACS), left temporal alpha tACS, and sham tACS. Participants performed better under right tACS only on RAT items in which two of the three words shared misleading semantic associations. In the second experiment, we measured EEG while the participants solved RAT items with or without shared misleading associations. We observed an increase in right temporal alpha power when participants correctly solved RAT items with misleading semantic associations. The third experiment demonstrated that while solving divergent thinking tasks participants came up with more remote ideas when stimulated by right temporal alpha tACS. In the fourth experiment, we found that participants showed higher right temporal alpha power when generating more remote uses for common objects. These studies altogether indicate that right temporal alpha oscillations may support creativity by acting as a neural mechanism for an active inhibition of obvious semantic associations.
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Gunasinghe, Y. H. K. I. S., I. V. N. Rathnayake, and M. P. Deeyamulla. "Plant and Plant Associated Microflora: Potential Bioremediation Option of Indoor Air Pollutants." Nepal Journal of Biotechnology 9, no. 1 (July 31, 2021): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njb.v9i1.38669.
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Indoor air pollution is a significant problem today because the release of various contaminants into the indoor air has created a major health threat for humans occupying indoors. Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are pollutants released into the environment and persist in the atmosphere due to its low boiling point values. Various types of indoor activities, sources, and exposure to outdoor environments enhance indoor VOCs. This poor indoor air quality leads to adverse negative impacts on the people in the indoor environment. Many physical and chemical methods have been developed to remove or decompose these compounds from indoors. However, those methods are interrupted by many environmental and other factors in the indoor atmosphere, thus limit the applications. Therefore, there is a global need to develop an effective, promising, economical, and environmentally friendly alternatives to the problem. The use of the plant and associated microflora significantly impact reducing the environmental VOC gases, inorganic gases, particulate matter, and other pollutants contained in the air. Placing potted plants in indoor environments not only helps to remove indoor air pollutants but also to boost the mood, productivity, concentration, and creativity of the occupants and reduces stress, fatigue, sore throat, and cold. Plants normally uptake air pollutants through the roots and leaves, then metabolize, sequestrate, and excrete them. Plant-associated microorganisms help to degrade, detoxify, or sequestrate the pollutants, the air remediation, and promote plant growth. Further studies on the plant varieties and microorganisms help develop eco-friendly and environmentally friendly indoor air purifying sources.
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Zheng, Bin, and Christine L. MacKenzie. "The Control Strategy for Degrees of Freedom in Remote Prehension with a Tool." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 51, no. 19 (October 2007): 1358–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120705101918.
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Constructing movement couplings is essential for decreasing degrees-of-freedom for a compound movement that requires coordination over a multiple segments. Angular movements of joints in the upper limbs are examined, the pattern of movement couplings between prehension performed with the hands (natural prehension) and with a simple grasper held in the hands (remote prehension). In remote prehension, the shoulder and elbow joint are tightly associated with a clear in-phase joint to joint movement; the elbow and wrist display both anti- and in-phase movements due to the change of initial configuration of the upper limb when holding a tool. In contrast, the shoulder-elbow bond is mixed in natural prehension, but the elbow and wrist bond is predominant with an anti-phase pattern. With diversity for joint couplings, the movement consistency of the hinge is preserved with relatively smaller path variability. Results support the end-point control notion, i.e. movement is controlled by extrinsic coordinates close to the end-effectors of the movement system.
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Kaminska, E., A. Piotrowska, A. Barcz, J. Jasinski, M. Zielinski, K. Golaszewska, R. F. Davis, E. Goldys, and K. Tomsia. "Zirconium Mediated Hydrogen Outdiffusion From p-GaN." MRS Internet Journal of Nitride Semiconductor Research 5, S1 (2000): 570–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s1092578300004774.
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We have shown that Zr-based metallization can effectively remove hydrogen from the p-type GaN subsurface, which eventually leads to the formation of an ohmic contact. As the release of hydrogen starts at ∼900°C, the thermal stability of the contact system is of particular importance. The remarkable thermal behavior of the ZrN/ZrB2 metallization is associated to the microstructure of each individual Zr-based compound, as well as to the interfacial crystalline accommodation.
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Edwards, Howell G. M., Ian B. Hutchinson, Richard Ingley, and Jan Jehlička. "Biomarkers and their Raman spectroscopic signatures: a spectral challenge for analytical astrobiology." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 372, no. 2030 (December 13, 2014): 20140193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2014.0193.
Full textAbstract:
The remote robotic exploration of extraterrestrial scenarios for evidence of biological colonization in ‘search for life’ missions using Raman spectroscopy is critically dependent on two major factors: firstly, the Raman spectral recognition of characteristic biochemical spectral signatures in the presence of mineral matrix features; and secondly, the positive unambiguous identification of molecular biomaterials which are indicative of extinct or extant life. Both of these factors are considered here: the most important criterion is the clear definition of which biochemicals truly represent biomarkers, whose presence in the planetary geological record from an analytical astrobiological standpoint will unambiguously be indicative of life as recognized from its remote instrumental interrogation. Also discussed in this paper are chemical compounds which are associated with living systems, including biominerals, which may not in themselves be definitive signatures of life processes and origins but whose presence provides an indicator of potential life-bearing matrices.
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Polner, Bertalan, Péter Simor, and Szabolcs Kéri. "Insomnia and intellect mask the positive link between schizotypal traits and creativity." PeerJ 6 (September 17, 2018): e5615. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5615.
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Background Schizotypy is a set of personality traits that resemble the signs and symptoms of schizophrenia in the general population, and it is associated with various subclinical mental health problems, including sleep disturbances. Additionally, dimensions of schizotypy show specific but weak associations with creativity. Given that creativity demands cognitive control and mental health, and that sleep disturbances negatively impact cognitive control, we predicted that positive, impulsive and disorganised schizotypy will demonstrate stronger associations with indicators of creativity, if the effect of mental health, insomnia, and intellect are statistically controlled. Methods University students (N = 182) took part in the study. Schizotypy was assessed with the shortened Oxford-Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences (sO-LIFE). Creative achievements were measured with the Creative Achievement Questionnaire (CAQ), divergent thinking was assessed with the ‘Just suppose’ task, and remote association problem solving was tested with Compound Remote Associate (CRA) problems. Mental health was assessed with the 12-item version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), and insomnia was examined with the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS). Verbal short term memory was measured with the forward digit span task, and intellect was assessed with the Rational-Experiential Inventory (REI). Multiple linear regressions were performed to examine the relationship between creativity and schizotypy. Indicators of creativity were the dependent variables. In the first block, dimensions of schizotypy, age, gender and smoking were entered, and in the second block, the models were extended with mental health, insomnia, verbal short term memory, and intellect. Results Positive schizotypy positively predicted real-life creative achievements, independently from the positive effect of intellect. Follow-up analyses revealed that positive schizotypy predicted creative achievements in art, while higher disorganised schizotypy was associated with creative achievements in science (when intellect was controlled for). Furthermore, disorganised schizotypy positively predicted remote association problem solving performance, if insomnia and verbal short term memory were statistically controlled. No dimension of schizotypy was significantly associated with divergent thinking. Discussion In line with previous findings, positive schizotypy predicted real-life creative achievements. The positive effects of disorganised schizotypy might be explained in terms of the simultaneous involvement of enhanced semantic priming and cognitive control in problem solving. We speculate that the lack of associations between divergent thinking and schizotypy might be related to instruction effects. Our study underscores the relevance of sleep impairment to the psychosis-spectrum, and refines our knowledge about the adaptive aspects of schizotypy in the general population.
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Miękus, Natalia, Krystian Marszałek, Magdalena Podlacha, Aamir Iqbal, Czesław Puchalski, and Artur H. Świergiel. "Health Benefits of Plant-Derived Sulfur Compounds, Glucosinolates, and Organosulfur Compounds." Molecules 25, no. 17 (August 21, 2020): 3804. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25173804.
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The broad spectrum of the mechanism of action of immune-boosting natural compounds as well as the complex nature of the food matrices make researching the health benefits of various food products a complicated task. Moreover, many routes are involved in the action of most natural compounds that lead to the inhibition of chronic inflammation, which results in a decrease in the ability to remove a pathogen asymptomatically and is connected to various pathological events, such as cancer. A number of cancers have been associated with inflammatory processes. The current review strives to answer the question of whether plant-derived sulfur compounds could be beneficial in cancer prevention and therapy. This review focuses on the two main sources of natural sulfur compounds: alliaceous and cruciferous vegetables. Through the presentation of scientific data which deal with the study of the chosen compounds in cancer (cell lines, animal models, and human studies), the discussion of food processing’s influence on immune-boosting food content is presented. Additionally, it is demonstrated that there is still a need to precisely demonstrate the bioavailability of sulfur-containing compounds from various types of functional food, since the inappropriate preparation of vegetables can significantly reduce the content of beneficial sulfur compounds. Additionally, there is an urgent need to carry out more epidemiological studies to reveal the benefits of several natural compounds in cancer prevention and therapy.
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Mkhonto, S., H. Ewerts, A. Swanepoel, and G. C. Snow. "The efficacy of a recovered wash water plant in removing cyanobacteria cells and associated organic compounds." Water Supply 20, no. 5 (May 8, 2020): 1776–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2020.086.
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Abstract The treatment works under investigation uses a recovered wash water plant (RWWP) to remove impurities prior to recycling filter backwash water. Filter backwash water (raw water) is characterized by high quantities of cyanobacteria cells and associated organic compounds; a potential threat when recovered water is recycled. The aim of this study is to identify the cyanobacteria cells and associated organic compounds in the filter backwash water and to subsequently evaluate the effectiveness of the RWWP in removing these organic impurities during the following periods; autumn-winter and spring-summer. Results showed that at least six major phytoplankton groups were present in the filter backwash water with turbidity levels (59 and 46 NTU; autumn-winter and spring-summer, respectively) being much higher than the drinking water productions standard of ≤5 NTU. Cyanobacteria were a dominant group (mean of 80% and above) in the total phytoplankton composition of the raw water and consisted of three genera (Anabaena sp., Microcystis sp. and Oscillatoria sp.), which were effectively removed by the RWWP (up to 99%). However, associated organic compounds such as geosmin, total organic carbon (TOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and microcystin were not effectively removed during the different seasonal periods but were of such low concentrations that they posed no major risk to the drinking water quality, meeting the RWWP water quality standard.
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O'Reilly, Kirk T., Rakesh Kadakia, Roger A. Korus, and Ronald L. Crawford. "Utilization of Immobilized-Bacteria to Degrade Aromatic Compounds Common to Wood-Treatment Wastewaters." Water Science and Technology 20, no. 11-12 (November 1, 1988): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1988.0271.
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The utilization of immobilized bacterial cells to remove toxic compounds from contaminated water is reviewed. A microbial biofilm capable of degrading the wood preservative pentachlorophenol (PCP) was developed in an aquatic system exposed to the biocide. The ability of the biofilm to function in a variety of bioreactors was tested. PCP and other aromatic compounds were degraded in the reactors. Large-scale bioreactors developed following these initial studies are currently in operation decontaminating water associated with wood-treatment facilities. Pure cultures of bacteria capable of degrading PCP or p-cresol have been immobilized in calcium alginate. Complete degradation of the target compounds occurred in both batch and continuous bioreactors. Studies indicate that it should be possible to customize bioreactors for decontamination of specific waste streams by immobilizing the proper bacteria.
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Sundfeld, RH, LM Franco, LS Machado, NIP Pini, FM Salomao, RB Anchieta, and D. Sundfeld. "Treatment of Enamel Surfaces After Bracket Debonding: Case Reports and Long-term Follow-ups." Operative Dentistry 41, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/15-003-t.
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SUMMARY After bracket debonding, residual bonded material may be observed on the enamel surface. When not properly removed, this residual material can interfere with the surface smoothness of the enamel, potentially resulting in staining at the resin/enamel interface and contributing to biofilm accumulation. Clinical case reports demonstrate clinical procedures to remove residual bonded material after bracket debonding. A water-cooled fine tapered 3195 FF diamond bur was used to remove the residual bonded material. Subsequently, the enamel surface was treated with Opalustre microabrasive compound. After one week, overnight dental bleaching was initiated using 10% carbamide peroxide in custom-formed trays for four weeks. The enamel microabrasion technique was found to be effective for polishing the enamel surface and for reestablishing the dental esthetics associated with dental bleaching. Longitudinal clinical controls of other clinical cases are presented.
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Mirante, Fátima, Ricardo F. Mendes, Filipe A. Almeida Paz, and Salete S. Balula. "High Catalytic Efficiency of a Layered Coordination Polymer to Remove Simultaneous Sulfur and Nitrogen Compounds from Fuels." Catalysts 10, no. 7 (July 2, 2020): 731. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10070731.
Full textAbstract:
An ionic lamellar coordination polymer based on a flexible triphosphonic acid linker, [Gd(H4nmp)(H2O)2]Cl2 H2O (1) (H6nmp stands for nitrilo(trimethylphosphonic) acid), presents high efficiency to remove sulfur and nitrogen pollutant compounds from model diesel. Its oxidative catalytic performance was investigated using single sulfur (1-BT, DBT, 4-MDBT and 4,6-DMDBT, 2350 ppm of S) and nitrogen (indole and quinolone, 400 ppm of N) model diesels and further, using multicomponent S/N model diesel. Different methodologies of preparation followed (microwave, one-pot, hydrothermal) originated small morphological differences that did not influenced the catalytic performance of catalyst. Complete desulfurization and denitrogenation were achieved after 2 h using single model diesels, an ionic liquid as extraction solvent ([BMIM]PF6) and H2O2 as oxidant. Simultaneous desulfurization and denitrogenation processes revealed that the nitrogen compounds are more easily removed from the diesel phase to the [BMIM]PF6 phase and consequently, faster oxidized than the sulfur compounds. The lamellar catalyst showed a high recycle capacity for desulfurization. The reusability of the diesel/H2O2/[BMIM]PF6 system catalyzed by lamellar catalyst was more efficient for denitrogenation than for desulfurization process using a multicomponent model diesel. This behavior is not associated with the catalyst performance but it is mainly due to the saturation of S/N compounds in the extraction phase.
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Fawole, Olutosin, Subhashish Dolai, Hsuan-Yu Leu, Jules Magda, and Massood Tabib-Azar. "Remote Microwave and Field-Effect Sensing Techniques for Monitoring Hydrogel Sensor Response." Micromachines 9, no. 10 (October 17, 2018): 526. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi9100526.
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This paper presents two novel techniques for monitoring the response of smart hydrogels composed of synthetic organic materials that can be engineered to respond (swell or shrink, change conductivity and optical properties) to specific chemicals, biomolecules or external stimuli. The first technique uses microwaves both in contact and remote monitoring of the hydrogel as it responds to chemicals. This method is of great interest because it can be used to non-invasively monitor the response of subcutaneously implanted hydrogels to blood chemicals such as oxygen and glucose. The second technique uses a metal-oxide-hydrogel field-effect transistor (MOHFET) and its associated current-voltage characteristics to monitor the hydrogel’s response to different chemicals. MOHFET can be easily integrated with on-board telemetry electronics for applications in implantable biosensors or it can be used as a transistor in an oscillator circuit where the oscillation frequency of the circuit depends on the analyte concentration.
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Alves, E. G., K. Jardine, J. Tota, A. Jardine, A. M. Yáñez-Serrano, T. Karl, J. Tavares, et al. "Seasonality of isoprenoid emissions from a primary rainforest in central Amazonia." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 15, no. 20 (October 26, 2015): 28867–913. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-15-28867-2015.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Tropical rainforests are an important source of isoprenoid and other Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) emissions to the atmosphere. The seasonal variation of these compounds is however still poorly understood. In this study, profiles were collected of the vertical profile of mixing ratios of isoprene, total monoterpenes and total sesquiterpenes, within and above the canopy, in a primary rainforest in central Amazonia, using a Proton Transfer Reaction-Mass Spectrometer (PTR-MS). Fluxes of these compounds from the canopy into the atmosphere were estimated from PTR-MS measurements by using an inverse Lagrangian transport model. Measurements were carried out continuously from September 2010 to January 2011, encompassing the dry and wet seasons. Mixing ratios were higher during the dry (isoprene – 2.68 ± 0.9 ppbv, total monoterpenes – 0.67 ± 0.3 ppbv; total sesquiterpenes – 0.09 ± 0.07 ppbv) than the wet season (isoprene – 1.66 ± 0.9 ppbv, total monoterpenes – 0.47 ± 0.2 ppbv; total sesquiterpenes – 0.03 ± 0.02 ppbv) for all compounds. Ambient air temperature and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) behaved similarly. Daytime isoprene and total monoterpene mixing ratios were highest within the canopy, rather than near the ground or above the canopy. By comparison, daytime total sesquiterpene mixing ratios were highest near the ground. Daytime fluxes varied significantly between seasons for all compounds. The maximums for isoprene (2.53 ± 0.5 μmol m−2 h−1) and total monoterpenes (1.77 ± 0.05 μmol m−2 h−1) were observed in the late dry season, whereas the maximum for total sesquiterpenes was found during the dry-to-wet transition season (0.77 ± 0.1 μmol m−2 h−1). These flux estimates suggest that the canopy is the main source of isoprenoids to the atmosphere for all seasons. However, uncertainties in turbulence parameterization near the ground could affect estimates of fluxes that come from the ground. Leaf phenology seemed to be an important driver of seasonal variation of isoprenoid emissions. Although remote sensing observations of changes in leaf area index were used to estimate leaf phenology, MEGAN 2.1 did not fully capture the behavior of seasonal emissions observed in this study. This could be a result of very local effects on the observed emissions, but also suggest that other parameters need to be better determined in Biogenic Volatile Organic Compound (BVOC) models. Our results support established findings that seasonality of isoprenoids are driven by seasonal changes in light, temperature and leaf phenology. However, they suggest that leaf phenology and its role on isoprenoid production and emission from tropical plant species needs to be better understood in order to develop mechanistic explanations for seasonal variation in emissions. This also may reduce the uncertainties of model estimates associated with the responses to environmental factors. Therefore, this study strongly encourages long-term measurements of isoprenoid emissions, environmental factors and leaf phenology from leaf to ecosystem scale, with the purpose of improving BVOC model approaches that can characterize seasonality of isoprenoid emissions from tropical rainforests.
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Alves, Eliane G., Kolby Jardine, Julio Tota, Angela Jardine, Ana Maria Yãnez-Serrano, Thomas Karl, Julia Tavares, et al. "Seasonality of isoprenoid emissions from a primary rainforest in central Amazonia." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16, no. 6 (March 23, 2016): 3903–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-3903-2016.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Tropical rainforests are an important source of isoprenoid and other volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions to the atmosphere. The seasonal variation of these compounds is however still poorly understood. In this study, vertical profiles of mixing ratios of isoprene, total monoterpenes and total sesquiterpenes, were measured within and above the canopy, in a primary rainforest in central Amazonia, using a proton transfer reaction – mass spectrometer (PTR-MS). Fluxes of these compounds from the canopy into the atmosphere were estimated from PTR-MS measurements by using an inverse Lagrangian transport model. Measurements were carried out continuously from September 2010 to January 2011, encompassing the dry and wet seasons. Mixing ratios were higher during the dry (isoprene – 2.68 ± 0.9 ppbv, total monoterpenes – 0.67 ± 0.3 ppbv; total sesquiterpenes – 0.09 ± 0.07 ppbv) than the wet season (isoprene – 1.66 ± 0.9 ppbv, total monoterpenes – 0.47 ± 0.2 ppbv; total sesquiterpenes – 0.03 ± 0.02 ppbv) for all compounds. Ambient air temperature and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) behaved similarly. Daytime isoprene and total monoterpene mixing ratios were highest within the canopy, rather than near the ground or above the canopy. By comparison, daytime total sesquiterpene mixing ratios were highest near the ground. Daytime fluxes varied significantly between seasons for all compounds. The maximums for isoprene (2.53 ± 0.5 µmol m−2 h−1) and total monoterpenes (1.77 ± 0.05 µmol m−2 h−1) were observed in the late dry season, whereas the maximum for total sesquiterpenes was found during the dry-to-wet transition season (0.77 ± 0.1 µmol m−2 h−1). These flux estimates suggest that the canopy is the main source of isoprenoids emitted into the atmosphere for all seasons. However, uncertainties in turbulence parameterization near the ground could affect estimates of fluxes that come from the ground. Leaf phenology seemed to be an important driver of seasonal variation of isoprenoid emissions. Although remote sensing observations of changes in leaf area index were used to estimate leaf phenology, MEGAN 2.1 did not fully capture the behavior of seasonal emissions observed in this study. This could be a result of very local effects on the observed emissions, but also suggest that other parameters need to be better determined in biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) models. Our results support established findings that seasonality of isoprenoids are driven by seasonal changes in light, temperature and leaf phenology. However, they suggest that leaf phenology and its role on isoprenoid production and emission from tropical plant species needs to be better understood in order to develop mechanistic explanations for seasonal variation in emissions. This also may reduce the uncertainties of model estimates associated with the responses to environmental factors. Therefore, this study strongly encourages long-term measurements of isoprenoid emissions, environmental factors and leaf phenology from leaf to ecosystem scale, with the purpose of improving BVOC model approaches that can characterize seasonality of isoprenoid emissions from tropical rainforests.
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Colomb, Aurélie, Valérie Gros, Séverine Alvain, Roland Sarda-Esteve, Bernard Bonsang, C. Moulin, Thomas Klüpfel, and Jonathan Williams. "Variation of atmospheric volatile organic compounds over the Southern Indian Ocean (30 - 49°S)." Environmental Chemistry 6, no. 1 (2009): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en08072.
Full textAbstract:
Environmental context. Oceans represent 70% of the blue planet, and surprisingly, ocean emission in term of volatile organic compounds is poorly understood. The potential climate impacts on a global scale of various trace organic gases have been established, and the terrestrial inputs are well studied, but little is known about which of these can be emitted from oceanic sources. In the present study, atmospheric samples were taken over the Southern Indian Ocean, while crossing some oceanic fronts and different phytoplankton species. Such a study should aid in understanding oceanic emission, especially from phytoplankton, and will help modellers to determine concentrations of organic traces in the remote marine troposphere. Abstract. Considering its size and potential importance, the ocean is poorly characterised in terms of volatile organic compounds (VOC) that play important roles in global atmospheric chemistry. In order to better understand their potential sources and sinks over the Southern Indian Austral Ocean, shipborne measurements of selected species were made during the MANCHOT campaign during December 2004, on board the research vessel Marion Dufresne. Along the transect La Réunion to Kerguelen Island, air measurements of selected VOC (including dimethylsulfide (DMS) isoprene, carbonyls and organohalogens), carbon monoxide and ozone were performed, crossing subtropical, temperate and sub-Antarctic waters as well as pronounced subtropical and sub-Antarctic oceanic fronts. The remote marine boundary layer was characterised at latitudes 45–50°S. Oceanic fronts were associated with enhanced chlorophyll and biological activity in the seawater and elevated DMS and organohalogens in the atmosphere. These were compared with a satellite-derived phytoplankton distribution (PHYSAT). Diurnal variation for isoprene, terpenes, acetone and acetaldehyde was observed, analogously to recent results observed in mesocosm experiments.
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Deng, Xiangzheng, Jikun Huang, Qiuqiong Huang, Scott Rozelle, and John Gibson. "Do roads lead to grassland degradation or restoration? A case study in Inner Mongolia, China." Environment and Development Economics 16, no. 6 (August 2, 2011): 751–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x11000180.
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AbstractWe use satellite remote sensing data of grassland cover in Inner Mongolia, China to test whether the existence of and the size of roads in 1995 is associated with the nature of the grassland in 2000 and/or if it affects the rate of change of the grassland between 1995 and 2000. The regression results show that the impact of roads on grassland cover depends on the nature of the resource. When the grassland is composed of relatively high quality grassland, roads lead to degradation, whereas when grassland resources are sparse, access to a road results in the restoration of the resource.
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Sundfeld, D., CC Pavani, NIP Pini, LS Machado, TC Schott, and RH Sundfeld. "Enamel Microabrasion and Dental Bleaching on Teeth Presenting Severe-pitted Enamel Fluorosis: A Case Report." Operative Dentistry 44, no. 6 (November 1, 2019): 566–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/18-116-t.
Full textAbstract:
SUMMARY The present clinical case report describes the clinical steps of enamel microabrasion associated with dental bleaching to restore severely-pitted fluorosed teeth. The process of removing the fluorotic superficial stains started by using macroabrasion with a water-cooled fine tapered 3195 FF diamond bur. Rubber dam isolation of the operative field was used to remove the remaining enamel stains and superficial irregularities with the Opalustre microabrasive compound (6.6% hydrochloric acid associated with silicon carbide particles) followed by polishing using fluoridated paste and subsequent 2% neutral fluoride gel topical application. After one month, dental bleaching was performed using 10% carbamide peroxide in custom-formed acetate trays for two hours/day for 42 days. The association of enamel microabrasion with dental bleaching was effective for reestablishing the dental esthetics of a patient with severe dental fluorosis.
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Meneguzzo, Francesco, Lorenzo Albanese, Michele Antonelli, Rita Baraldi, Francesco Riccardo Becheri, Francesco Centritto, Davide Donelli, et al. "Short-Term Effects of Forest Therapy on Mood States: A Pilot Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 18 (September 9, 2021): 9509. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189509.
Full textAbstract:
Immersion in forest environments was shown to produce beneficial effects to human health, in particular psychophysical relaxation, leading to its growing recognition as a form of integrative medicine. However, limited evidence exists about the statistical significance of the effects and their association with external and environmental variables and personal characteristics. This experimental study aimed to substantiate the very concept of forest therapy by means of the analysis of the significance of its effects on the mood states of anxiety, depression, anger and confusion. Seven forest therapy sessions were performed in remote areas and a control one in an urban park, with participants allowed to attend only one session, resulting in 162 psychological self-assessment questionnaires administered before and after each session. Meteorological comfort, the concentration of volatile organic compounds in the forest atmosphere and environmental coherence were identified as likely important external and environmental variables. Under certain conditions, forest therapy sessions performed in remote sites were shown to outperform the control session, at least for anxiety, anger and confusion. A quantitative analysis of the association of the outcomes with personal sociodemographic characteristics revealed that only sporting habits and age were significantly associated with the outcomes for certain psychological domains.
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Lu, Ping, Tao Yuan, Qiyan Feng, Aiqin Xu, and Jiayuan Li. "Review of swimming-associated cryptosporidiosis and Cryptosporidium oocysts removals from swimming pools." Water Quality Research Journal 48, no. 1 (February 1, 2013): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrjc.2013.036.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper, outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis in swimming pools in the last 20 years are summarized. Cryptosporidium oocysts are very resistant to many disinfectants, including chlorine, one of the most widely-used disinfectants in swimming pools. Ozone or UV is shown to inactivate Cryptosporidium, while not effective to newly introduced Cryptosporidium and bacteria because of no residual ozone or UV in the treated swimming pool water. Additionally, swimming pool sand filters or cartridge filters are not able to effectively remove Cryptosporidium (removal rate <50%). Above 99% Cryptosporidium removals are achieved in drinking water treatment, but swimming pool water treatment is different from drinking water treatment: no coagulation is performed prior to filtration in most US swimming pools, filtration rate is four to five times higher for swimming pool water treatment compared with drinking water treatment, and the input compounds and microorganisms from bathers continuously recirculate in the swimming pool. Moreover, up-to-date Cryptosporidium or Cryptosporidium surrogate removals from swimming pools are discussed, and alternative swimming pool treatment techniques are reviewed.
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Arutyunov, V., V. Savchenko, I. Sedov, A. Nikitin, K. Troshin, A. Borisov, I. Fokin, I. Makaryan, and L. Strekova. "New Potentialities for Utilization of Associated Petroleum Gases in Power Generation and Chemicals Production." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 19, no. 3 (September 30, 2017): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj662.
Full textAbstract:
New possibilities for the utilization of associated petroleum gases (APG) and monetization of small-scale and remote Natural Gas resources by power generation and chemicals production are considered and tested. One possibility is the oxycracking of APG. This technology allows selective transformation of heavier hydrocarbons that have low octane (methane) numbers and inclined to soot and tar formation, into lighter compounds with higher octane numbers, thus producing gas suitable to feed different types of power engines. Another possibility is the small-scale conversion of APG to syngas to produce more easily transportable and more valuable chemicals or liquid fuels via well-known Fischer–Tropsch process or catalytic synthesis of methanol. For this purpose we have suggested principally new technology for natural gases conversion into syngas, based on the use of 3D (volumetric) matrixes. It allows the relative simple and very compact non-catalytic reformers to be designed for small-scale gas-to liquid (GTL) technologies. Their main advantages are autothermal character of the process without any need in additional heating or power supply, absence of catalyst that allows processing hydrocarbon gases of practically any composition, including APG, without additional pretreatment, very high specific volume capacity, at any rate 10 times higher than that of steam reforming, and simplicity in construction and operation.
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Mai, Antonello, Silvio Massa, Antonella Di Noia, Katija Jelicic, Elena Alfani, Cristina Di Rico, Angela Di Baldassarre, Anna Rita Migliaccio, and Giovanni Migliaccio. "Aroyl-Pyrrolyl-Hydroxy-Amides (APHAs), a Novel Family of Synthetic Histone Deacetylases Inhibitors, Are Potent Inducers of Human g-Globin Gene Expression." Blood 104, no. 11 (November 16, 2004): 1216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.1216.1216.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Post-natal pharmacological reactivation of HbF, by restoring the unbalanced α/non-α globin chain production in red cells of patients affected by β-thalassemia or sickle cell anemia, represents a potential cure for these diseases. Many classes of compounds have been identified capable to induce Hb F synthesis in vitro by acting at different levels of the globin gene expression regulatory machinery. One of these classes is represented by inhibitors of a family of enzymes, the histone deacetylases (HDACs), involved in chromatin remodelling and gene transcription regulation. HDACs act in multi-protein complexes that remove acetyl groups from lysine residues on several proteins, including histones and are divided into three distinct structural classes, depending on whether their catalytic activity is zinc (class I/II)- or NAD+ (class III)-dependent. The effects of the HDACs inhibitors identified so far on HbF synthesis is, however, modest and often associated with high toxicity. Therefore, the potential of their clinical use is unclear. We have recently described a new family of synthetic HDACs inhibitors, the Aroyl-pyrrolyl-hydroxy-amides (APHAs), that induce differentiation, growth arrest and/or apoptosis of transformed cell in culture [Mai A et al, J Med Chem2004;47:1098]. In this study, we investigate the capability of 10 different APHA compounds to induce Hb F in two in vitro assays. One assay is based on the ability of APHA compounds to activate either the human Aγ-driven Firefly (Aγ-F) or the β-promoter drives Renilla Luciferase (β-R) reporter in GM979 cells stably transfected with a Dual Luciferase Reporter construct. The second assay is represented by the induction of γ-globin expression (by quantitative RT-PCR) in primary adult erythroblasts obtained in HEMA cultures of mononuclear cells from normal donors. The majority of the compounds tested did not significantly increased the Aγ−F (Aγ−F+β−R) reporter ratio in GM979 cells. However, the compound MC1575 increased by 3-fold (from 0.09 to 0.30) the reporter ratio in GM979 cells at a concentration of 20 μM, with modest effects of the proliferation activity of GM979 cells over the three days of the assay. When MC1575 was added at a concentration of 2–10 μM in cultures of primary adult erythroblasts induced to differentiate in serum-free media for 4 days, it induced a three fold increase of the γ/(γ+β) globin ratio (from 0.04 to 0.12), with no apparent cellular toxicity. Among the HDAC inhibitors tested in this study, MC1575 was not the most potent inhibitor of total enzyme activity. However, it was the compound that most selectively inhibited the activity of the maize homologue of mammalian class IIa HDAC enzymes [Mai et al, J Med Chem2003;46:4826]. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that each class of histone deacetylases might have a specific biological function and indicate that those of class IIa might represent the enzymes most specifically involved in globin gene regulation. We suggest that, by targeting the chemical inhibitors toward the catalytic domain of this class of enzymes, it should be possible to identify more specific, more potent and less toxic compounds for pharmacological treatment of β-thalassemia or sickle cell anemia.
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Ahrens, Lutz, Mahiba Shoeib, Sabino Del Vento, Garry Codling, and Crispin Halsall. "Polyfluoroalkyl compounds in the Canadian Arctic atmosphere." Environmental Chemistry 8, no. 4 (2011): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en10131.
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Environmental contextPerfluoroalkyl compounds are of rising environmental concern because of their ubiquitous distribution in remote regions like the Arctic. The present study quantifies these contaminants in the gas and particle phases of the Canadian Arctic atmosphere. The results demonstrate the important role played by gas–particle partitioning in the transport and fate of perfluoroalkyl compounds in the atmosphere. AbstractPolyfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs) were determined in high-volume air samples during a ship cruise onboard the Canadian Coast Guard Ship Amundsen crossing the Labrador Sea, Hudson Bay and the Beaufort Sea of the Canadian Arctic. Five PFC classes (i.e. perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs), polyfluoroalkyl sulfonates (PFSAs), fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs), fluorinated sulfonamides (FOSAs), and sulfonamidoethanols (FOSEs)) were analysed separately in the gas phase collected on PUF/XAD-2 sandwiches and in the particle phase on glass-fibre filters (GFFs). The method performance of sampling, extraction and instrumental analysis were compared between two research groups. The FTOHs were the dominant PFCs in the gas phase (20–138 pg m–3), followed by the FOSEs (0.4–23 pg m–3) and FOSAs (0.5–4.7 pg m–3). The PFCAs could only be quantified in the particle phase with low levels (<0.04–0.18 pg m–3). In the particle phase, the dominant PFC class was the FOSEs (0.3–8.6 pg m–3). The particle-associated fraction followed the general trend of: FOSEs (~25 %) > FOSAs (~9 %) > FTOHs (~1 %). Significant positive correlation between ∑FOSA concentrations in the gas phase and ambient air temperature indicate that cold Arctic surfaces, such as the sea-ice snowpack and surface seawater could be influencing FOSAs in the atmosphere.
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Joensuu, Johanna, Nuria Altimir, Hannele Hakola, Michael Rostás, Maarit Raivonen, Mika Vestenius, Hermanni Aaltonen, Markus Riederer, and Jaana Bäck. "Role of needle surface waxes in dynamic exchange of mono- and sesquiterpenes." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16, no. 12 (June 24, 2016): 7813–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-7813-2016.
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Abstract. Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) produced by plants have a major role in atmospheric chemistry. The different physicochemical properties of BVOCs affect their transport within and out of the plant as well as their reactions along the way. Some of these compounds may accumulate in or on the waxy surface layer of conifer needles and participate in chemical reactions on or near the foliage surface. The aim of this work was to determine whether terpenes, a key category of BVOCs produced by trees, can be found on the epicuticles of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and, if so, how they compare with the terpenes found in shoot emissions of the same tree. We measured shoot-level emissions of pine seedlings at a remote outdoor location in central Finland and subsequently analysed the needle surface waxes for the same compounds. Both emissions and wax extracts were clearly dominated by monoterpenes, but the proportion of sesquiterpenes was higher in the wax extracts. There were also differences in the terpene spectra of the emissions and the wax extracts. The results, therefore, support the existence of BVOC associated to the epicuticular waxes. We briefly discuss the different pathways for terpenes to reach the needle surfaces and the implications for air chemistry.
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Clomburg, James M., Anna M. Crumbley, and Ramon Gonzalez. "Industrial biomanufacturing: The future of chemical production." Science 355, no. 6320 (January 5, 2017): aag0804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aag0804.
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The current model for industrial chemical manufacturing employs large-scale megafacilities that benefit from economies of unit scale. However, this strategy faces environmental, geographical, political, and economic challenges associated with energy and manufacturing demands. We review how exploiting biological processes for manufacturing (i.e., industrial biomanufacturing) addresses these concerns while also supporting and benefiting from economies of unit number. Key to this approach is the inherent small scale and capital efficiency of bioprocesses and the ability of engineered biocatalysts to produce designer products at high carbon and energy efficiency with adjustable output, at high selectivity, and under mild process conditions. The biological conversion of single-carbon compounds represents a test bed to establish this paradigm, enabling rapid, mobile, and widespread deployment, access to remote and distributed resources, and adaptation to new and changing markets.
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English, Max A., Luis R. Soenksen, Raphael V. Gayet, Helena de Puig, Nicolaas M. Angenent-Mari, Angelo S. Mao, Peter Q. Nguyen, and James J. Collins. "Programmable CRISPR-responsive smart materials." Science 365, no. 6455 (August 22, 2019): 780–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aaw5122.
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Stimuli-responsive materials activated by biological signals play an increasingly important role in biotechnology applications. We exploit the programmability of CRISPR-associated nucleases to actuate hydrogels containing DNA as a structural element or as an anchor for pendant groups. After activation by guide RNA–defined inputs, Cas12a cleaves DNA in the gels, thereby converting biological information into changes in material properties. We report four applications: (i) branched poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels releasing DNA-anchored compounds, (ii) degradable polyacrylamide-DNA hydrogels encapsulating nanoparticles and live cells, (iii) conductive carbon-black–DNA hydrogels acting as degradable electrical fuses, and (iv) a polyacrylamide-DNA hydrogel operating as a fluidic valve with an electrical readout for remote signaling. These materials allow for a range of in vitro applications in tissue engineering, bioelectronics, and diagnostics.
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Marti, Renaud, Zhichao Li, Thibault Catry, Emmanuel Roux, Morgan Mangeas, Pascal Handschumacher, Jean Gaudart, et al. "A Mapping Review on Urban Landscape Factors of Dengue Retrieved from Earth Observation Data, GIS Techniques, and Survey Questionnaires." Remote Sensing 12, no. 6 (March 13, 2020): 932. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12060932.
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To date, there is no effective treatment to cure dengue fever, a mosquito-borne disease which has a major impact on human populations in tropical and sub-tropical regions. Although the characteristics of dengue infection are well known, factors associated with landscape are highly scale dependent in time and space, and therefore difficult to monitor. We propose here a mapping review based on 78 articles that study the relationships between landscape factors and urban dengue cases considering household, neighborhood and administrative levels. Landscape factors were retrieved from survey questionnaires, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and remote sensing (RS) techniques. We structured these into groups composed of land cover, land use, and housing type and characteristics, as well as subgroups referring to construction material, urban typology, and infrastructure level. We mapped the co-occurrence networks associated with these factors, and analyzed their relevance according to a three-valued interpretation (positive, negative, non significant). From a methodological perspective, coupling RS and GIS techniques with field surveys including entomological observations should be systematically considered, as none digital land use or land cover variables appears to be an univocal determinant of dengue occurrences. Remote sensing urban mapping is however of interest to provide a geographical frame to distribute human population and movement in relation to their activities in the city, and as spatialized input variables for epidemiological and entomological models.