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1
Edgar, John Tees. "The assimilation of loan words in Masalit." Thesis, University of London, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338160.
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Chan, Ka-yin. "Loan Words in advertisements in Japanese women's magazines." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2003. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31953785.
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Lin, Wing-cheong, and 連永昌. "Loan words and code-mixing in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B26758994.
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Chan, Ka-yin, and 陳嘉賢. "Loan Words in advertisements in Japanese women's magazines." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31953785.
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Horikawa, Naoko. "English Loan Words in Japanese: Exploring Comprehension and Register." PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/913.
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English loan words (ELWs) have become a considerable part of the contemporary Japanese vocabulary. Meanwhile, it has been shown that there are individual differences in the rate of ELW comprehension. Among the factors for low comprehension is age; people over 60 years old have been shown to comprehend fewer ELWs than the overall age group. As Japan is expected to soon enter the era of an aging society, the issue of ELW comprehension is likely to present serious social and personal problems. The purpose of this study was to identify the current state of frequently used ELWs in contemporary written Japanese, with particular attention to their frequencies, linguistic features, and comprehension rates by people over 60 years old. In order to identify the mediums that are likely to be problematic, three registers were examined: government white papers, books, and internet texts. The study found that the three registers differ in their overall frequencies of ELWs and distributions of the semantic categories, while the distributions of the types of borrowing are similar. It also found that ELWs in certain semantic categories have lower comprehension rates than other categories. Registers that regularly contain low-comprehension ELWs are likely to pose problems for readers over 60 years old.
6
Yeung, Hong-ting, and 楊康婷. "A study of loan words in Chinese language in Hong Kong =." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30433083.
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Heung, Lok-yi, and 香樂怡. "Loan word compression in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45007573.
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Fyle, Margaret Sophia. "Yoruba loan words in Krio : a study of language and culture change /." Connect to resource, 1998. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1243356678.
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El-Shazly, Mohamed Helal Ahmed Sheref. "The provenance of Arabic loan-words in Hausa : a phonological and semantic study." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1987. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28940/.
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This thesis consists of an Introduction, three Chapters, and an Appendix. The corpus was obtained from the published dictionaries of Hausa together with additional material I gathered during a research visit to Northern Nigeria. A thorough examination of Hausa dictionaries yielded a large number of words of Arabic origin. The authors had not recognized all of these, and it was in no way their purpose to indicate whether the loan was direct or indirect; the dictionaries do not always give the Arabic origin, and sometimes their indications are inaccurate. The whole of my corpus amounts to some 4000 words, which are presented as an appendix. The entries show the tones and vowel lengths of the words, which do not appear in Hausa orthography, but are in general related to the syllable structure of their Arabic origins. The Arabic items are given in transliteration. Meanings and examples are given for the Hausa items, and for the corresponding Arabic items as fully as is deemed relevant. Items have not always come directly from Arabic, and wherever possible their most likely source has been indicated. A large part of the research was given to this part of the work, and it has been thought desirable to present this corpus in full as a necessary part of the thesis, without which the rest would be much less intelligible. Chapter 1, concerning the historical side suggests that the amount of influence in Northern Nigeria direct from Arabs is much less than has been alleged, and is far exceeded by that of Kanuri, Tuareg, Songhai and Fulani teachers. They came, of course not to bring the Arabic language but to spread Islam, and it was Islam that brought the Arabic language and culture. The Arabic and Hausa languages have different phonological systems and Chapter 2 sets out how these differences affected the borrowed items in Hausa, and points to the great complexity of the relations. Chapter 3 attempts to show how far the loan-words retained their meanings in Arabic and how far these meanings changed in their new environments. It would be impossible in one thesis to deal with all the items, and attention has been focused on the development of Hausa personal names. In many cases the Arabic origins were personal names but in some instances Hausa names have been evolved from other areas e.g. Arabic words for numerals and for days of the week and months of the year. This new and independent development in Hausa is a common feature regarding most loans from Arabic.
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Bessett, Ryan Matthew, and Ryan Matthew Bessett. "The Integration of Lone English Nouns into Bilingual Sonoran Spanish." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625613.
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Using data from Arizona, United States, the present study seeks to further our understanding of lone other language items (LOLIs) in bilingual discourse and their status as either borrowings or codeswitches by measuring the degree of incorporation that can indicate a LOLI's status as a borrowing or codeswitching. To accomplish this aim, nouns from 40 sociolinguistic interviews from 8 Spanish monolingual speakers from Sonora, Mexico, 8 English monolingual speakers from Arizona, and 24 Spanish-English bilinguals from Arizona (from Sonoran families) are compared.
Codeswitching can be defined as the "juxtaposition of sentences or sentence fragments, each of which is internally consistent with the morphological and syntactic (and optionally, phonological) rules of the language of its provenance" (Poplack, 1993, p. 255). Borrowing involves the incorporation of LOLIs from a donor language incorporated into a recipient language and need to be morphologically and syntactically adapted into the recipient language (Poplack, Sankoff, and Miller, 1988; Sankoff, Poplack, and Vanniarajan, 1990). Accordingly, the key difference between codeswitching and borrowing is that borrowings are morphosyntactically incorporated into the recipient language while codeswitches are not incorporated. It is important to note that in terms of LOLIs' status, phonological integration has been discarded for being too variable and therefore not a reliable factor in discerning one-item codeswitches from borrowings (Poplack and Sankoff, 1984; Poplack, Sankoff, and Miller, 1988).
In order to measure the degree of incorporation that can in turn indicate the LOLI's status as a borrowing or a codeswitch, the present study applies a sociolinguistic comparative method to loanwords, following Poplack and Meechan (1995, 1998) by comparing nouns from Spanish (recipient language), nouns from English (donor language), and LOLIs from English in Spanish discourse. Since phonology has not been applied to the method of analysis, this study also seeks to explore if phonological integration is correlated to morphosyntactic integration of determiner realization of LOLIs.
The results show, in accordance to previous studies, that the LOLIs overall act morphosyntactically like patrimonial Spanish words in terms of the variables that condition determiner usage. In terms of how phonological integration interacts with morphosyntactic integration, it does seem that the two correlate. LOLIs with Spanish morphology are more morphosyntactically similar to Spanish patrimonial nouns and LOLIs with English phonology are more morphosyntactically similar to English patrimonial nouns in both overall frequencies and the factors that condition determiner usage, leading to the hypothesis that LOLIs that are integrated phonologically are established borrowings and LOLIs that are not integrated phonologically are either codeswitches or nonce borrowings. We provide further evidence for this hypothesis by examining the pauses and false starts that are present before LOLIs with Spanish versus English phonology. The results indicate that LOLIs with English phonology are more often preceded with pauses and false starts than LOLIs with Spanish phonology.
The findings of this study suggest that phonological integration is a factor that should be brought back to the discussion on discerning LOLIs' status as a borrowing or a codeswitch.
11
Stephen, Jeannet. "English loan words in the Malay print media and their implications for English vocabulary acquisition." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/14701.
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English is considered an important language in Malaysia and taught beginning at the preschool level. However, the Malaysian examination system does not require students to pass English for them to move up in grades or to enter public tertiary institutions. This has led to student apathy towards English as they could easily enter and graduate from public universities without needing to be proficient in English. Limited proficiency in English has been cited as one of the main reasons for the rising number of unemployed public university graduates -- a great many of whom are bumiputeras. The main objective of the study was to explore whether the ESL learners' knowledge of English loan words in Malay could be a useful resource in their acquisition of English vocabulary. The focus is primarily on academic vocabulary from the Academic Word List (AWL) and ESL learners in Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia. The study, implemented in two phases, employed the mixed methods methodology combining a lexical analysis of a specifically designed corpus (500,000 running words), language assessment, and survey research methods (questionnaire and semi-structured interview). Phase 1 covered the linguistic dimension of the research with a preliminary analysis of the Academic Word List and the construction of the corpus taken from semiacademic articles from a Malay print media. Phase 2, on the other hand, covered the cognitive-affective dimension of the research which involved a language attitude questionnaire, two vocabulary tasks, and a focus group interview. The test instruments were earlier piloted with 34 students and in the main study there were 101 participants (70 bumiputeras, 31 non-bumiputeras). The preliminary analysis revealed that English loan words in Malay comprised 40% of the most frequent word in the AWL. Results from the vocabulary tasks show that learners are familiar with the core meaning of the English word based on their knowledge of the word's loan form in Malay. This indicates that if teachers were to successfully use the loan words as a teaching aid, care should be taken to instruct learners in the meaning(s) and usage(s) of the English and its loan in Malay. The study also showed that students have a positive attitude towards English and the loan words in general.<br>Whole document restricted until March 2013, but available by request, use the feedback form to request access.
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Sedeeq, Dashne Azad. "Diachronic study of English loan words in the central Kurdish dialect in media political discourse." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/41229.
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The current study is a diachronic study of the use of English loan words in Kurdish political discourse between 1993 and 2013, based on political articles in the Xebat newspaper. During this period a series of radical changes have occurred in socio-political domains in Kurdish society. The coincidence of these changes is expected to have caused a considerable number of borrowings in the representation of political notions. The motivation behind this study is the frequent use of English loan words in the Central Kurdish dialect as a consequence of the period of intense contact between Kurdish and English in the Kurdistan region of Iraq from 2003 to 2013. The data demonstrates that there is a dramatic increase in the frequency of use of English loan words most notably in 2005 and 2011 in response to political, economic, and cultural changes in Kurdish society and its increased contact with the English language. In contrast, the frequency of Arabic loan words reduced gradually after Arabic ceased being used as an official language for education, administration, and politics in Iraqi Kurdistan, in 1992. The data shows that lexical transference is definitely the most common category of transference from English into the dialect as a consequence of the lexical needs of different political terminologies. The examination of semantic fields in this study indicates that English words have been borrowed across a range of political and general spheres. In particular, the results suggest that the high level of borrowing was caused by lexical gaps, such as in the lexis of administration. The Kurdish language had many gaps in this field because its users did not use their language in any administrative official structure until after 1992, when the new political processes necessarily required a great deal of new terminology relating to forming administrative and economic structures and, ultimately, a new government. The study also explores the process of adaptation by which loan words from English are modified within the structure of the Central Kurdish dialect. The results indicates that the majority of these loan words are adapted to the phonological, orthographical and morphological structure of this dialect of the Kurdish language and that many have become productive elements within the dialect.
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Kidder, Emily. "Prominence in Yucatec Maya: The Role of Stress in Yucatec Maya Words." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/293432.
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Yucatec Maya (YM) is an indigenous language of Mexico that features both phonemic tonal distinctions and phonemic vowel length. These features are primarily associated with the phonetic cues of pitch and duration, which are also considered the primary correlates of stress in language. Though scholars have noted the existence of stress or accent since it was first documented centuries ago, no detailed account of stress as either a separate or related entity to tone or length has been made. This dissertation presents a unique view into YM prosody by looking at loan word incorporation in conjunction with native speaker intuitions, and production data. A case study of Spanish loan words into Yucatec finds that when Spanish words are incorporated into the YM prosodic system, the initial syllable undergoes lengthening. Statistical analyses performed on data from native speaker intuitions and production data, however, find no concrete pattern of obligatory stress on the word level in Yucatec Maya words.
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Twist, Alina Evelyn. "A Psycholinguistic Investigation of the Verbal Morphology of Maltese." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194996.
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This dissertation focuses on the unique aspects of Maltese morphology brought about by its genetic and geographic history. The experiments conducted and described here build on past research in Indo-European languages and new research in other Semitic languages to determine how different word formation systems function. Applying experimental techniques to the study of Maltese is crucial for two reasons. First, though Maltese is a Semitic language, recent extensive contact with English has greatly impacted its vocabulary and the structure of its verbs. Though the effects of persistent language contact is pervasive, clear and systematic differences may be observed between native Semitic verbs and those borrowed from English. Secondly, unlike other Semitic languages, the Maltese writing system uses the Roman alphabet. This allows for tests that require the reading of written stimuli to be performed in the same writing system as previous studies in Indo-European languages, eliminating a number of confounding factors.A masked priming experiment asked Maltese speakers to judge whether or not test items were words of their language. The test items included real and nonce verbs of both Semitic and English origin. Accuracy rates and reaction time were recorded and compared across speakers. The results of this experiment support the psychological salience of the consonantal root as a unit of lexical organization.An elicitation experiment asked native speakers of Maltese to provide a verb form that corresponded to a given noun or adjective. The test items were nouns of Semitic and English origin and non-words constructed to resemble such nouns. Responses were broadly transcribed and analyzed for their similarity to the expected patterns. The results show that speakers are able to use two morphological strategies to form new words. The factors affecting the choice between morphological systems include linguistic structure and social variables.Collectively, this pair of experiments indicate that the consonantal root is a viable morphological and psychological unit of lexical organization, supporting a search-based approach to lexical access. Furthermore, speakers are able to form new words on the basis of whole words, showing that this level of organization must also be present to facilitate lexical access.
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Sacramento, Junior Luiz Claudio Ferreira. "More than words: broader information sharing and access to the formal credit market." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/18293.
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Previous issue date: 2017-03-28<br>This paper shows how information sharing mechanisms might enable Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) to increase their access to formal credit markets. Using a unique dataset provided by the Brazilian Central Bank and Ministry of Labor, a change is applied in the threshold of loans that must be reported and shared by all active financial institutions as a gradual increase in the available information on MSEs. Results suggest that borrowers that benefited by this change obtained more loans and smaller interest rates, and by building a good client pool ended up receiving smaller maturities. Firms were also less likely to delay repayments and present smaller loan losses. This evidence sheds light on information asymmetry and literature on financial inclusion by showing that information sharing mechanisms can improve the decision to offer credit, and MSEs can become less dependent of relationship lending to obtain loans.<br>Esse estudo mostra como mecanismos de compartilhamento de informação podem permitir Micro e Pequenas Empresas (MPEs) podem melhorar seu acesso a mercados de crédito formais. Utilizando uma base de dados única obtida junto ao Banco Central do Brasil e Ministério do Trabalho, uma mudança é aplicada no limite do valor de empréstimos que precisam ser reportados e compartilhados por todas as instituições financeiras ativas como uma mudança gradual na informação disponível sobre MPEs. Os resultados indicam que tomadores de empréstimo que se beneficiaram dessa mudança obtiveram mais empréstimos e menores taxas de juros, e por constituir um bom grupo de clientes acabam por receber menores vencimentos. As empresas são ainda menos prováveis de atrasar seus pagamentos e apresentam menores perdas aos bancos. As consequências desse estudo lançam luz sobre a literatura de assimetria de informação e inclusão financeira ao mostrar que mecanismos de compartilhamento de informação podem auxiliar na decisão de oferecer crédito e MPEs podem se tornar menos dependentes de empréstimos de relacionamento para obter empréstimos.
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Sippel, Raul Robson. "Aspectos semântico-discursivos no léxico da MPB: empréstimos linguísticos no percurso de Noel a Blanc." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2011. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3291.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico<br>O objetivo desta dissertação é avaliar a importância dos estrangeirismos como auxiliares e contribuintes no nível léxico da Língua. Também, investigar o quadro sócio-histórico-cultural dos principais momentos em que os empréstimos linguísticos se fizeram presentes na Música Brasileira. Trata-se de um trabalho quantitativo e qualitativo, no qual se rastreou exatamente a presença desses neologismos no cancioneiro nacional, dos idos de 1930 aos dias atuais. Apontamos os momentos de sua maior incidência, aventamos e desvelamos as possíveis intenções de suas utilizações e seus significados, tácitos ou não; quer relacionados a aspectos sócio-históricos, quer relacionados aos seus vieses linguísticos propriamente ditos. Letras de músicas, fonogramas lançados em vinil, remasterizados; recursos audiovisuais foram buscados; assim como publicações específicas sobre música, biografias e literatura técnica sobre Língua Portuguesa<br>The aim of this paper is achieving the importance of foreign expressions and their contribution to the lexical level of the language. Also, it reports the social, historical and cultural aspects and moments that those loan words have been presented in the Brazilian songbook since 1930, through a quantitative and qualitative point of view. It points out the circumstances of their major appearance in music and reveals specific intentions of their political, social or linguistic uses. Lyrics, records, CDs, audiovisual Internet resources were searched, as though biographies and technical literature about music and Portuguese language
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Khidir, Zakaria Fadoul. "La dénomination des couleurs chez les Beri du Tchad." Universität Leipzig, 2007. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A33618.
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Les Вεrι ne semblent pas connaître un terme générique pour designer les couleurs : ils font usage d’un emprunt à l´arabe [lo:n]. Mais ils utilisent par contre six séries de couleurs dont chacune constitue un domaine de conception, spécifique par rapport aux autres, bien que souvent on manque des termes pour désigner chaque couleur par un seul et même nom. Chacune des séries apparaît assez diversifiée par la variété des notions qu´elle exprime. Les couleurs, dans le système de Вεrι.
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Prado, Daniela de Faria. "Uma análise das inserções dos empréstimos linguísticos da área da informática no Dicionário Aurélio XXI." Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 2006. https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/15499.
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This work searched reflection about the insertions of Loan Words from English language of Computing area in the Aurélio XXI dictionary. The theoretical model elected for the organization and analysis of the lexical units colected for us considered Guilbert (1975), Biderman (2001), Alves (1994) and Carvalho (1984). So, with teh aim of verify neological stage the lexical units are, as well, criterias for their insertion. After collecting of new words, which appear as portuguese units and as loan words. We have noticed a lack of criterias related to the insertion of units from an specilized area in a general language dictionary, what brings us the question of lexicographic production in Brazil do not count on established criterias and neither a language politics which deserves attention from studious and authorities. In the light of lexicography and lexicology we pointed out some incoherences in the organization of macro and microstructure of the work in study.<br>Este trabalho procurou refletir a respeito das inserções de empréstimos
lingüísticos oriundos da língua inglesa da área da informática no dicionário Aurélio XXI;
considerando-se a teoria lexicográfica de Guilbert (1975), Biderman (2001), Alves (1994),
Carvalho (1984). Assim, verificou-se que os neologismos, inseridos no Aurélio XXI, não
estão bem organizados no que concerne à delimitação de qual estágio neológico as
unidades lexicais se encontram, não delimitando critérios para a inserção de vocábulos, que
ora se apresentam como unidades já aportuguesadas, ora como estrangeirismos. Há uma
falta de critérios relacionados à inserção de unidades pertencentes a uma língua de
especialidade em um dicionário de língua geral. Isso nos remete a questão da produção
lexicográfica no Brasil não contar com critérios estabelecidos como também não termos
uma política do idioma que mereça atenção dos estudiosos e das autoridades. Realizamos
também uma análise das fases neológicas em que encontram as unidades lexicais oriundas
da língua inglesa pertencente à Informática.<br>Mestre em Linguística
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Pasch, Helma, and Christiane Strauch. "Ist das Klassenpaar 5/6 des Swahili ein Zwischenlager für Lehnwörter?" Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-97801.
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Carol Eastman (1991:66) stellt die Hypothese auf, dass im Swahili bestimmte Lehnworter zunächst in das Klassenpaar 5/6 - quasi als einer Art Zwischenlager - kommen, bevor sie bei der endgültigen Integration in die Sprache dem Klassenpaar 9/10 zugeordnet werden. Damit widerspricht sie der etablierten Annahme, dass Lehnwörter, wenn sie einmal in einer Sprache integriert sind, sich bezüglich ihrer Klassenzugehörigkeit nicht anders verhalten als andere Wörter und dass sie diese normalerweise nicht wechseln. Im Folgenden wollen wir aufzeigen, dass Eastmans Hypothese nicht haltbar ist und dass andere Erklärungen für das Nebeneinander verschiedener Klassenzugehörigkeiten von Lehnwortem gefunden werden müssen. Um die Hypothese einer kritischen Überprüfung zu unterziehen, ist es zunächst nötig, festzustellen, wie die inhärenten Nominalklassen im Swahili bestimmt werden. Dann wird die traditionell postulierte automatische Paarung der Singular- und Pluralklassen für die betreffenden Lehnwörter in Frage gestellt. Zunächst aber soll untersucht werden, welche Kriterien das Allokationsverhalten von Lehnwörtern in Nominalklassensprachen im allgemeinen und im Swahili im besonderen bestimmen. Dabei sollen nur die primär entlehnten Formen berücksichtigt werden, d.h diejenigen Formen, die als erste mit bestimmten entlehnten Wortstämmen gebildet worden sind (z.B. 0-pera/ ma-pera (Kl 5/6) \'Guajave\'), während die hier von derivierten Formen (z. B. m-pera/ mi-pera \'Guajavenbaum\') weitgehend unberücksichtigt bleiben.
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Furtado, Suzana Ramalho. "Léxico e identidade lingüística: formação do vocabulário do português-brasileiro pelos estrangeirismos." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2008. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/14502.
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Previous issue date: 2008-04-28<br>Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo<br>This Dissertation is grounded within the History and Portuguese Language Description
research line, of the Post-Graduation Studies in Portuguese Language of Pontifícia
Universidade Católica de São Paulo and comprehends an exploratory investigation,
whose object of study is limited to the foreign words present in the Brazilian Portuguese
language. The use of foreign words is seen as a phenomenon whose milestone is
inserted within the history of composition of a certain language and reaches any
coexistence. Grounded by the principles and presuppositions of Lexicology, and guided
by a general objective to try to understand the strategies adopted by users of the
Brazilian Portuguese language in the process of transference of foreign words in
linguistic loans the investigative route is guided by three different focuses. One of
them emphasizes the cultural and historical point of view, giving importance to different
contexts of human social formations, in the flow of their constructions, in order to place
in them the composition of the Brazilian Portuguese language as a product of contact
between different peoples, users of different languages; another one, broader, concerns
social, historical and cultural contexts that comprise human social formations supported
by the development of technologies; and the last one is limited to linguistic studies that
mainly focus on the lexical, aiming at determining the strategies implied in the process of
nationalization of foreign words that, in the current coexistence, were or are being
incorporated into the Brazilian Portuguese language vocabulary. The methodological
procedure implied the selection and analysis of a corpus, in order to provide examples,
comprised of words from the English language, selected from different semantic fields,
in order to focus on the transference processes of foreign words in lexical loans, paying
special attention to the comparison with the foundation milestone of the categories:
projection, transfer and identity: those that ensure, by analogical principles, identify the
non familiar by the familiar . It is important to notice that, for the analyses, the words
and their respective contents were considered in their phonological, morphosyntatic and
semantic dimensions. The results obtained show that the acquisition and use of new
words, as well as of a foreign language, never take place in an isolated manner, but in
the flow of speech and is grounded on the previous knowledge of the speaker.
Therefore, the use of foreign words requires from the user who does not speak the
English language a greater effort of interpretation and comprehension, even when the
cultural repertoire of the English language is used in sentences structured by phrasal
categories of the Portuguese language. It was also noticed that the words become
Portuguese words in the phonetic point of view and, when integrated into the vocabulary
system, become productive in a way that the new lexical matrix begins to support the
product of new vocabulary forms; therefore, the loans are explained by the lexical
productivity<br>Esta Dissertação situa-se na linha de pesquisa História e Descrição da Língua
Portuguesa, do Programa de Estudos Pós-Graduados em Língua Portuguesa da
Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo e compreende uma investigação
exploratória, cujo objeto de estudo está circunscrito aos estrangeirismos presentificados
no idioma português-brasileiro. Postula-se o uso de estrangeirismo como um fenômeno
cujo marco se inscreve na própria história da formação de um dado idioma e se estende
a qualquer contemporaneidade. Fundamentado pelos princípios e pressupostos da
Lexicologia, e norteado por um objetivo geral buscar compreender as estratégias
empregadas pelos usuários do idioma português-brasileiro nos processos de
transmudação dos estrangeirismos em empréstimos lingüísticos o percurso
investigativo está traçado por três focalizações. Uma que privilegia o ponto de vista
histórico-cultural, atribuindo relevo a diferentes contextos das formações sociais
humanas, no fluxo de suas construções, para neles situar a formação do idioma
português-brasileiro como um produto de contato entre diferentes povos, usuários de
línguas diferentes; outra mais ampla referente a contextos sócio-histórico-culturais que
configuram formações sociais humanas que têm por suporte o desenvolvimento de
tecnologias; e uma última circunscrita aos quadros dos estudos lingüísticos que
privilegiam o léxico, com vistas a verificar quais são as estratégias implicadas no
processo de nacionalização de vocábulos estrangeiros que, na atual
contemporaneidade, foram ou estão sendo incorporados ao vocabulário do idioma
português-brasileiro. O procedimento metodológico implicou a seleção e análise de um
corpus, a título de exemplificação, composto de palavras do idioma inglês, selecionadas
a partir de diferentes campos semânticos, no qual se busca focalizar os processos de
transmudação de estrangeirismos em empréstimos lexicais, privilegiando a comparação
com o marco fundador das categorias: projeção, transferência e identidade: aquelas
que asseguram, por princípios analógicos, identificar o não familiar pelo familiar .
Ressalta-se que, para as análises, as formas vocabulares e seus respectivos conteúdos
foram considerados em sua dimensão fonológica, morfossintática e semântica. Os
resultados obtidos indicam que a aquisição e uso de novos vocábulos, bem como de
uma língua estrangeira, nunca ocorrem de forma isolada, e sim no fluxo da
discursivização e têm por ancoragem os conhecimentos prévios do falante. De forma
que, a utilização de palavras estrangeiras exige do usuário não falante do idioma inglês
um maior esforço de interpretação e de compreensão mesmo quando o repertório
cultural da língua inglesa é empregado em enunciados estruturados pelas categorias
frasais da língua portuguesa. Constatou-se, ainda, que os vocábulos são
aportuguesados pelo ponto de vista fonético e, quando integrados ao sistema
vocabular, se tornam produtivos de forma que a nova matriz lexical passa a sustentar a
produção de novas formas vocabulares; portanto os empréstimos são explicados pela
produtividade lexical
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Duberg, Emil. "Införlivandet av svenska ord i arabiska – hos en svensk-syrisk familj." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik och filologi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-415163.
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During the last decade Arabic has become the second most common mother tongue in Sweden, so the relationship between Swedish and Arabic is a relatively new area of interest. The purpose of this study is to examine the incorporation of Swedish words into Arabic among Arabic speakers in Sweden. The primary source is an in-depth interview of three fluent speakers of Arabic and Swedish (with origins in Damascus, Syria). My aim was to examine which Swedish words are used in Arabic by Arabic speakers in Sweden and how they are used. Regarding which words are used, my hypothesis was that I would find support for the pattern of how word borrowing functions in general, i.e. that the language follows power; loan words tend to be borrowed from powerful languages and cultures. Thus, I intended to examine whether a similar tendency would also be demonstrated in this study, that is, if the individual L2-words used while speaking L1 were associated with power and authorities. The interview manifested an overrepresentation of words that could be associated with power, but no clear support that this was a correlative relationship. Other factors, such as the simultaneous introduction of the word and the phenomenon, were found to be more plausible. With regards to how words are used, my proposition was that the person having left the L1-environment (in this case Syria) at the oldest age would, in analogy with the prevalent notion concerning L1-attrition in general, incorporate the L2 into the L1 to a greater extent than other interviewees. The study found that the interviewee who had left her L1-environment at oldest age did adapt the Swedish words to Arabic phonology and morphology to a greater extent.
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Dobrin, Silvia. "Fonctionnement de la néologie dans la presse politique satirique : approche lexicale et discursive dans une perspective comparative : le Canard enchaîné et Eulenspiegel." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO20094.
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De nombreux travaux ont décrit et analysé le phénomène néologique, ses domaines d’adoption et ses occurrences dans le discours. La néologie satirique, est, elle, relativement peu explorée. À travers un corpus constitué d’écrits de presse humoristiques portant sur la vie politique française et allemande et provenant des journaux satiriques Le Canard enchaîné et Eulenspiegel, l’étude dégage dans un premier temps les procédés morphologiques de l’innovation lexicale : la dérivation, la composition, les mots-valises, l’abréviation, la conversion, l’emprunt. Le travail explore ensuite les stratégies qui caractérisent cette pratique de la néologie satirique, ainsi que ses divers effets sémantiques et pragmatiques recherchés dans les créations lexicales. Cela nous a permis de faire une analyse contrastive entre textes satiriques français et allemands par les diverses manifestations dicursives des néologismes<br>Many studies have been made of the neologistic phenomenon, both in terms of the contexts in which it is used and of how it integrates into discourse. The satirical neology is less well documented. By using a corpus made up of press cartoons in the political French and German satirical magazines Le Canard enchaîné et Eulenspiegel, the study first posits the morphological devices of the lexical innovation : derivation, composition, portmanteau-words, abbreviation, conversion, loan. This work then explores the strategies which characterise the use of the satirical neology as well as the semantic and pragmatic effects aimed in the lexical creations. This allowed us to make a contrastive analysis between satirical French and German texts by the various discursive uses of neologisms
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Heinonen, Susanne. "Det låter pretty najs : En undersökning av mellanstadieelevers attityder till engelska lånord." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för svenska språket (SV), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-78728.
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Den här uppsatsen undersöker unga människors attityder till att använda enstaka ord ochfraser på engelska i svenska meningar. Forskning visar att engelskt inflytande är högre iyngre åldrar än hos äldre. Fenomenet att använda engelska ord i det svenska språket desenaste decennierna har ökat alltmer och det finns flera faktorer som pekar på attengelskan har fått ett allt större inflytande inom flera samhällsområden. Dessa språkligaförändringar speglas av samhällets kultur och attityd till engelskan. Förutom den litteratursom jag hänvisar till i den här uppsatsen har jag valt att genomföra en intervju- ochenkätundersökning med yngre individer för att ta reda på deras attityd till att växla mellansvenska och engelska när de talar.Resultatet av undersökningen visar att en majoritet av informanterna använder engelskai sitt vardagsspråk och att attityden till att använda ord och fraser på engelska i det svenskaspråket är mycket positiv samt att sociala faktorer som till exempel samhörighet spelar enstor roll. Dessutom visar resultatet att attityden till att använda engelska ord är något merpositiv hos flickor än hos pojkar. Resultatet visar även att informanterna i undersökningenanvänder engelska ord som screena, softa och King när de talar om fritidsaktiviteter samtatt de entusiastiskt uttrycker engelska adjektiv som cool, pretty, nice eller najs, ibland isin engelska form och ibland anpassat till svenskan.
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Nguyen, Thi Phuong Hong. "L'adaptation de la didactique du français au contexte sociolinguistique du Vietnam." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00776831.
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" Kem ", " sôcôla ", " actisô ", " sơ mi ", " cà ra vát ", " cao su ", " buýt ", " ampli ", " xăng ", " xi măng ", etc.. Ces mots vietnamiens sonnent-ils plus ou moins français ? Une partie du lexique de la langue vietnamienne vient du français qui a marqué le Vietnam de sa présence par la colonisation française durant environ un siècle (XVIIIe-XIXe) en Indochine en général et au Vietnam en particulier. Aujourd'hui, le régime colonial relève d'ouvrages historiques mais ces traces francophones perdurent encore dans les usages linguistiques actuels au Vietnam. Toutefois, ces ressources sociolinguistiques, qui ouvrent un riche potentiel en matière linguistique et culturelle, sont ignorées en didactique du français aux apprenants vietnamiens. Dans le but de vérifier l'importance de ces éléments, notamment à travers leur perception sociale par les Vietnamiens à l'heure actuelle, une enquête sociolinguistique a été réalisée sur le terrain. Les propositions didactiques présentées par la suite permettent de confirmer que la mise en avant de ces ressources francophones ou d'origine francophone au Vietnam constitue un facilitateur d'appropriation du français dans ce pays et ouvre vers une dynamique didactique plurilingue.
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Haglund, Ulrika. "Castellanización en Suecia : Tendencias en el uso de verbos suecos castellanizados en el habla de hispanohablantes en Suecia." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk och litteratur, SOL, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-15902.
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The object of this study is to investigate which tendencies there are in terms of the frequency of hispanication of Swedish verbs used by Spanish-speakers who live in Sweden. The emphasis is put on explaining the phenomena of hispanication, and the frequency in which it may occur. The study is based on an empirical corpus, and is carried out with a questionnaire. Verbs found in earlier studies, and with help from a Spanish-speaking professor at the Linneaus University of Växjö, have been used in the questionnaire where the Hispanics have been asked to state the frequency of their use of these verbs. The individuals taking part in the study have also been asked to provide personal information in order to obtain a better understanding of the frequency of the hispanication in comparison to their social-linguistic background and how they themselves evaluate their linguistic competence in both Swedish and Spanish. Comparisons are made between different groups, such as gender, age, linguistic competence and linguistic self-evaluation. To further understand the terms used in the study, which often appears in a linguistic context, the author has made a short explanation of the terms that are most frequently used. Many of the terms used cause great controversy and lots of problems among the ones who study linguistics, and therefore it was important in this study to clarify the meaning of these terms, such as loan word, code-switching and hispanication. The author comes to the conclusion that the tendency of the use of the verbs appearing in this short study generally shows no frequent use, although some verbs such as grilar, parkear and pasar show tendencies of a major use among the informants.
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Haugen, Susanne. "Från bautasten till bautastor : studier över fornvästnordiska bautasteinn och svenska ord bildade med bauta(-)." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Litteraturvetenskap och nordiska språk, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1460.
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Avhandlingen tar sin utgångspunkt i två uppslagsord i Svenska Akademiens Ordlista 2006: bautasten och bauta-. Övergripande syfte är att beskriva och förklara lexikala förändringar hos ord bildade med bauta(-) i svenskan under perioden 1664–2006, med särskild hänsyn till dessa förändringars relation till ordens etableringsgrad. Materialet består av 838 belägg för ord bildade med baut- eller böt-, och därutöver undersöks 30 ordböcker. Ordet bautasten är ett isländskt lånord i svenskan. Undersökningen av fornvästnordiska ord visar att bautasteinn kan vara ’sten som är slagen ned i jorden’ eller ’sten rest över en fallen krigare’, två betydelser som kan sammanföras i betydelsen ’minnessten’. Denna betydelse framträder också tydligt i samtliga texter. Historiens höga status under stormaktstiden har haft stor betydelse för att ordet bautasten lånades in i svenskan år 1664. Språkstrukturella faktorer har sannolikt lett till att ordet har uppmärksammats och att det har kunnat användas i svenskan. Under perioden 1664–1790 har etableringsgraden hos bautasten inte har varit hög, men vissa tecken tyder på att den höjs under perioden. Fram till ca 1900 stiger etableringsgraden hos bautasten, men den avtar sedan fram till 1973. I avhandlingen antas att ordets växlande etableringsgrad har varit beroende av synen på historien. I början av 1970-talet stiger etableringsgraden åter hos bautasten och 1985 finns första belägget för bauta- som förstärkande förled, vilket med stor sannolikhet har sin orsak att söka hos den stora populariteten hos och spridningen av seriealbumet Asterix. Förleden bauta- har visat sig vara mycket användbar som förstärkande förled. I materialet finns 3 ord bildade med bauta(-) som inte är etablerade i språksamfundet.<br>The starting point for the dissertation is two entry words in Svenska Akademiens Ordlista (SAOL 13, 2006): bautasten and bauta-. The overall purpose is to describe and explain lexical changes in words created with bauta(-) in the Swedish language during 1664–2006, placing particular em¬phasis on these changes in relation to the degree of establish¬ment. The material consists of 838 pieces of evidence of words created with baut- or böt- and, in addition, 30 dictionaries are exam¬ined. The word bautasten (‘menhir’, ‘standing stone’) is an Icelandic loan word in the Swedish lan¬guage. The examination of Old West Norse words shows that bautasteinn can be ’sten som är slagen ned i jorden’ (‘stone beaten into the ground’) or ’sten rest över en fallen krigare’ (‘stone erected over a fallen warrior’), two meanings which can be brought together in the meaning ’minnessten’ (‘memorial monument’). This meaning also clearly appears in all texts. The high status of history during the Swedish Age of Greatness was significant for the inclu¬sion of the word bautasten into the Swedish language in 1664. Language-structural factors have likely lead to the word being noticed as well as made it possible to use in the Swedish language. During 1664–1790, the degree of establishment of bautasten was not high, but there are indi¬cations that it increased during the period. Until about 1900, the degree of estab¬lish¬ment of bautasten increased, but then it decreased up until 1973. In the disserta¬tion it is assumed that the varying degree of establishment has been dependent on the view of history. In the beginning of the 1970s, the degree of establishment of bautasten increased once again and in 1985, the first instance of bauta- as an augmentative prefix appears, which most likely can be attributed to the great popularity and wide spread of the cartoon magazine Asterix. The prefix bauta- has proven to be very usable as an augmentative. There are 3 words created with bauta(-) in the material that are not established in the language community
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Χαιρετάκης, Γεώργιος. "Δια-διαλεκτική σύγκριση στη σύνθεση των νεοελληνικών διαλέκτων". Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10889/8513.
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Στόχος της παρούσας μεταπτυχιακής εργασίας είναι η περιγραφή και η σύγκριση της μορφολογικής διαδικασίας της σύνθεσης στις νεοελληνικές διαλέκτους όπως προκύπτει από την ανάλυση 2500 συνθέτων από τρεις διαφορετικές διαλέκτους, την Κρητική, την Ποντιακή και την Επτανησιακή. Στο πρώτο κεφάλαιο γίνεται μία σύντομη επισκόπηση των ορισμών που έχουν προταθεί για τη σύνθεση αναδεικνύοντας τους λόγους που καθιστούν δύσκολη τη διατύπωση ενός ορισμού που να ανταποκρίνεται διαγλωσσικά. Επίσης, παρουσιάζονται οι βασικές ιδιότητες που διέπουν τη σύνθεση της ελληνικής γλώσσας και τα βασικά χαρακτηριστικά που διαχωρίζουν τη σύνθεση από τις υπόλοιπες μορφολογικές διαδικασίες (π.χ. παραγωγή) αλλά και από τη σύνταξη κυρίως με βάση τις μελέτες της Ράλλη (2007) και Ralli (2013). Στο δεύτερο κεφάλαιο εξετάζονται τα κατηγοριακά σχήματα πάνω στα οποία δομούνται τα σύνθετα στις τρεις υπό εξέταση διαλέκτους και στη συνέχεια συγκρίνεται η παραγωγικότητά τους. Στο τρίτο κεφάλαιο τα σύνθετα ταξινομούνται με βάση τις γραμματικές σχέσεις των συστατικών τους. Στο τέταρτο κεφάλαιο μελετάται η σχέση μορφής και σημασίας και προτείνεται η διαίρεση των συνθέτων σε τρεις μεγάλες τάξεις: α) διαφανή, β) ημιδιαφανή και γ) αδιαφανή σύνθετα. Στο πέμπτο και έκτο κεφάλαιο εξετάζεται η σχέση της σύνθεσης με την παραγωγή και την κλίση αντίστοιχα μέσα από τα δεδομένα των τριών διαλέκτων. Τέλος, στο έβδομο κεφάλαιο μελετάται η συχνότητα εμφάνισης θεμάτων ξενικής προέλευσης ως συστατικά των συνθέτων στις τρεις αυτές διαλέκτους.<br>The aim of this master thesis is to describe and compare the morphological process of compounding in Modern Greek dialects based on the analysis of 2500 compounds. Data comes from three dialects, namely, Cretan, Pontic, and Heptanesian. The first chapter briefly presents some of the definitions which have been proposed for compounding highlighting the reasons that make the formulation of a definition that applies cross-linguistically a difficult task. It also presents the basic properties that govern the formation of Greek compounds and the main characteristics that distinguish compounding from the other morphological processes (e.g. derivation) and from syntactic operations based on the studies of Ralli (2007) and Ralli (2013). The second chapter presents the main patterns which are involved in the compounding process and compares their productivity cross-dialectally. In chapter three compounds are classified according to the grammatical relations between their components. The fourth chapter examines the relation between form and meaning and it suggests a division of compounds in three large classes: a) transparent, b) semi-transparent and c)opaque. The next two chapters examine the relation between compounding andderivation and inflection respectively. Finally, chapter seven examines whether stems of foreign origin appear frequently as components of compounds in these dialects.
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Lin, Hsing-Yu, and 林杏諭. "English Loan-Words in Korean Language." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54762398207539132101.
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碩士<br>國立屏東大學<br>英語學系碩士班<br>103<br>English is considered to be a global lingua franca. In this respect, people communicate with others in English all around the world. This study aims at
examining English loan words in the Korean language, which is also called Konglish or “Korean language style English”. The Korean language has borrowed many words
from languages such as English, Chinese, Japanese and Spanish. In order to fit the loanwords into the Korean phonological system, they have undergone various
phonological changes. In addition, some of the loan words contain altered spelling or are combined with the Korean language. Therefore, this study will not only
investigate the reasons for borrowing, but also for changing English words to Hangul (Korean language alphabet).
Specifically, this study aimed to explore the reasons why Koreans adopt English and Konglish words. It also investigated the situations when they use English and Konglish words. Thereafter, the reasons behind Koreans adopting English words and Konglish words, and when or how Koreans learned English words and Konglish
words were investigated.
The questionnaire in this study was designed based on the results of the researcher’s pilot studies and it followed the explanatory type of case study research
method proposed by Yin (2003). The questions were divided into four parts: corresponding word, situation, reason and how or when they learned the word.
The findings revealed that Koreans used a variety of English and Konglish words when they were asked to see pictures of certain items. We could assume that Koreans used these words on a regular basis in their daily lives. Second, Koreans used English words and Konglish words widely in their lives and the words are seen via mass communication media such as, TV programs, movies, and advertisements. Third, most participants reported that they used English words and Konglish words because they had previously learned the words. This may be a direct result of Koreans being influenced by English for about 50 years as proposed by Cha (1996). Lastly, participants reported that they learned English words and Konglish words in schools or as children. Specifically, some participants mentioned that they learned the word in English classes. However, some participants reported that they learned the word via mass communication media.
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Jankaeo, Phramaha Prakhun. "A study of loan words in Thai." Thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/1454.
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Sugitani, Miho, and 杉谷實穗. "Syllables of Taiwanese and loan words from Japanese." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/19147910011599480904.
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碩士<br>東吳大學<br>日本語文學系<br>93<br>In this thesis, I have considered the phonological characteristics of loan words from Japanese in Taiwanese from the viewpoint of syllables of both Taiwanese and Japanese.
In Chapter 2 and Chapter 3, I have tried to identify all the possible realizations of syllables in Taiwanese (Chapter 2) and Japanese (Chapter 3). Among many other things, I found for example that, in Taiwanese loan words from Japanese, the Japanese onset consonant [d] could not occur, that is, [d] is transformed to /l/or /d/[t], because Taiwanese lacks the consonant [d].
Chapter 4 deals mainly with two kinds of transformations observed in Taiwanese loan words from Japanese which cannot be thought light for Taiwanese native speakers studying Japanese. That is, the loss, or suppression, of "morae" in borrowing from Japanese, with loan words in Taiwanese keeping only "syllables", which often leads to "beat" reduction in rhythm of loan words. The other is the problem about changes in pitch patterns as Japanese “accent” is converted to Taiwanese “tones”.
I also noticed that, for Taiwanese writing, the tone marking of SCR (Streamelined Church Romanization) is very useful. Through SCR, even a foreigner like me could learn how to use it in a short period of time. Since I first studied Taiwanese through the notation of CR (traditional Church Romanization), the differences between SCR and CR listed in Chapter１are felt to be especially striking.
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Hsieh, Ching-Yu, and 謝菁玉. "A sociolinguistic study of Taiwanese loan words in Mandarin." Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/40299760082856905720.
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Huang, Mei-O., and 黃美娥. "A Study of Japanese Loan Words-Focusing on the Social Phenomenon of Loan Word Pervasion." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/97975274528729565565.
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碩士<br>國立高雄第一科技大學<br>應用日語所<br>94<br>Abstract
Languages are one of the representations of their times. There remain many things that are not elucidated and unimaginable regarding the relationship between languages and societies. The author is strongly conscious of the fact that there has been an increasing trend in recent years: that is, Japanese people frequently blend the uses of loan words and foreign languages and use foreign languages directly in their communication with others. The frequent use of loan words as well as its pros and cons are also widely discussed throughout Japan.
In Taiwan, there is also an enthusiasm for everything Japanese. On the streets, advertisement signs can be seen everywhere written with Japanese words such as “料理 (cuisine)”, “達人 (expert)”, “元気 (spirited)”, “食べ放題(all you can eat)”etc. In everyday life, Japanese is also directly adopted without translation as in the example of “宅急便 (door-to-door parcel delivery)”. In common TV programs, one often sees commercials in which Japanese is directly used to a large extent. It is true that the social phenomenon of loan word pervasion is not as prominent in Taiwan as in Japan. Nevertheless, it has become essential to ponder on the impacts of foreign cultures and loan words that ensue as a result of such cultures following internationalization and globalization. The author therefore intends to investigate issues concerning the acceptance of loan words in Taiwan through the study of Japanese loan words.
The work consists of four chapters. Chapter 1, as the introductory chapter, includes motivation and purpose of study, methodology and scope, previous studies, and characteristics of the work. Chapter 2 examines the definition of loan words and their historical background. Chapter 3 compares the uses of loan words and investigates why Japanese are fond of loan words. The last chapter describes the tendencies of and prospects for the future.
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Mojela, Victor Maropeng. "Semantic changes accompanying loan-words in the Northern Sotho lexicon." Diss., 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/27665.
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The loan-word may either have a restricted meaning or meaning extension when
adopted in the vocabulary of Northern Sotho. Sometimes the loan lexical
items undergo radical changes in meaning when compared with their
counterparts in their source language.
In chapter one, the basic concepts of semantics. such as metaphor
hyponymy, hornonyrny,polysemy.sense, referent and reference, are
defined. Meaning restriction is discussed in detail in chapter two.
This restriction is found where the lexical item has lost one or more
of its meanings when adopted in the vocabulary of Northern Sotho,
e.g.: ter8mS from Afrikaans drorn 'drum'. Chapter three deals
with meaning extension of loan words. In this case the meaning
of the Northern Sotho loan-word is more general than its counterpart
in the language of origin, e.g: namon'eiti 'lemonade' for all types of
cooldrinks. Radical meaning shift is discussed in chapter four. This
inludes those loan-words whose referents are completely different from those
of their counterparts in a foreign language, as well as those which have
changed from one word category to another. Chapter five deals with the
summary and conclusion.<br>African Languages
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I-Pei, Fang, and 方逸珮. "The Evolution and Integration of Japanese Loan Words Popular Among Taiwan." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/73235571239431001400.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>輔仁大學<br>翻譯學研究所<br>98<br>This thesis aims to study the Japanese loan words that are often used in Taiwan. Besides studying the forms and meanings of Japanese loan words in the context of the source language, this thesis also discusses whether these loan words change in meaning, form and usage or evolve into new derivative words when used in Taiwan. By studying how Japanese loan words evolve, grow and integrate themselves into the target language, this thesis hopes make contributions in the translation of popular Japanese loan words as well as in other related areas.
The corpuses used in this thesis include newspapers between July 2008 and December 2008 from the three major newspapers in Taiwan, papers and questionnaires done by Taiwan university students studying in Japanese language departments. The Internet was used to verify the usage situations of the loan words. A list of Japanese loan words was compiled using the corpuses, and this list of words was then used to study the derivatives, changes in category or meaning and new additions to the corpus. This study also interviewed fifty people from Japan and Taiwan and asked them to compare and observe whether there are differences in the positive and negative appraisals of each Japanese loan word on the list in the context of the source language and target language. The interviewees were also asked to discuss the reasons for the differences.
Using the above research methods and processes, this thesis aims to explore how Japanese loan words are used in Taiwan and how they are integrated into local culture. This thesis also describes how these loan words acquire new meanings in Taiwan, the changes in their internal structure and the difference in their positive and negative appraisals.
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Yu, Han-Shu, and 游涵舒. "The study of Japanese loan words usage in Taiwanese fashion feminine magazines." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/72135865296070702006.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>銘傳大學<br>應用日語學系碩士班<br>100<br>For the interaction of different languages, the emergence of loan words is inevitable. With the appearance of loan words, languages are getting flourished than before. This paper is aimed to study the loan words in Chinese which came from Japan and which is also called "Japanese Borrowings." This paper observe how these borrowings are used in Taiwan through woman fashion magazines. The magazines that this paper research are published only in Taiwan. They are not neither the international Chinese version nor the publication from other countries. According to the sales ranking from "Executive Yuan Publication Annual," the chosen magazines are "恰女生", "愛女生", "大美人", "美人誌" and "哈衣族. " And the chosen magazines were all published at June, the summer in 2010. In order to choose the loan words from these for this paper research, the following dictionaries were used for the standard of determining the loan words. The following dictionaries are "大辞泉", which is yahoo Japanese online dictionary, "大辞林" and "広辞苑 the 6th version" (2008) for Japanese part. And the Chinese part is "重編國語辭典修訂本", which was published by the Ministry of Education in Taiwan. This research distributes these loans words into eight categorizes, and they are clothes and pants, bags, shoes, accessories, cosmetics, skin cares, hair styles and leisure information. From the conclusion of this research, the using of borrowings is in relation with the age of its readers.
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NEUBAUEROVÁ, Erika. "Les composés dans la publicité de la presse magazine (dans les années 70 et 2000)." Master's thesis, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-51243.
Full textAbstract:
This master´s dissertation deals with the French compound words in ad text in the age of 70 years and after 2000. Dissertation is divided into two parts. The theoretical part describes the function of language in advertising, the levels of language, theories of advertising communication. Then, we defined the main elements of the magazine and compound words.In the second part, we continue with the analysis of lexemes stripped of Elle magazine, designed for both the period and taking into account promotional incentives for different types of compounds.
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Brown, Collin Laine. "Gender assignment in loan words in the history of Icelandic : a synchronic and diachronic analysis." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/26276.
Full textAbstract:
Some such as Schwink (2004) have analyzed diachronic developments in Germanic gender as a whole, while others like Steinmetz (1985, 2001) and Trosterud (2006) have looked at diachronic changes in grammatical gender in the North Germanic languages. Specifically within the history of Icelandic, Steinmetz and Trosterud both argue for a neuter-default gender system for Old Norse (and for Modern Icelandic). This report looks at loan words from the Old Norse period drawn from historical sources, such as the Heimskringla (History of the Kings of Norway) and Laxdœla Saga, and compares their gender assignment then with their gender in Modern Icelandic in order to see if any of their originally assigned genders changed in the modern language. That none of the loans analyzed in this report changed their gender assignment from neuter to masculine as in West Germanic supports Steinmetz' and Trosterud's notions of Icelandic having a neuter-default gender system. These findings also support Schwink's view (2004:99), when he writes that Icelandic's gender system remains relatively unchanged from that of Old Norse.<br>text
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Lin, Yen-Ju, and 林晏如. "The Research on Modern Japanese Loan words-focusing on the comparison between Japanese and Mandarin." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64220305990939276213.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>輔仁大學<br>日本語文學系<br>99<br>This thesis focuses on the comparison of modern English loan words between Japanese and Mandarin. The database of Japanese loan words is mainly based on 512 idioms collected from “The Encyclopedia of Contemporary Words,” from year 2007 to 2010. In addition, the database of Mandarin loan words is chiefly based on 262 idioms collected from “A 21st Dictionary of Chinese New Words,” from year 2000 to 2006. The present thesis is aimed at comparing the English loan words in Japanese with the English loan words in Mandarin from five aspects: semantics, part of speech, writing systems, types of language, and word-formation.
From the semantic point of view, I used the “Word List by Semantic Principles” to categorize Japanese and Mandarin loan words. Both Japanese and Mandarin loan words shares the same result. They both have the maximum number of idioms categorized in nouns, with idioms categorized in verbs, following the second place, and the least number of idioms categorized in adjectives” Viewing from part of speech, both Japanese and Mandarin loan words have the most idioms categorized in nouns. Moreover, both Japanese and Mandarin loan words have idioms categorized in verbs occupying the second place. Similarly, both Japanese and Mandarin loan words have the least idioms categorized in adjectives. In the view of writing systems, Japanese loan words tend to use Katakana, English alphabets, and the combination of Katakana and Hiragana, while Mandarin loan words tend to use Kanji, English alphabets, and English words.
Viewing from the types of language in Japanese loan words, they have the most idioms classified into foreign loan words, with the idioms classified into the hybrid of Japanese and foreign loan words following the second place. They have the least idioms classified into the hybrid of Japanese and Chinese. As to the result of the types of language in Mandarin loan words, they have the most idioms classified into Chinese, with the idioms classified into foreign loan words occupying the second place, and the least idioms classified into the hybrid of Chinese and foreign loan words.
From the point of view of word-formation, the top three types of word-formation which Japanese loan words tend to use is as following: (1) The Combination Type: idioms classified here are compounds and change the original meaning from English (2) The Combination Type: idioms classified here are separate words and do not change the original meaning from English (3) The Ellipsis Type: idioms classified here are compounds and do not change the original meaning from English. The top three types of word-formation which Mandarin loan words tend to use is as following: (1) The Combination Type: idioms classified here are compounds and do not change the original meaning from English (2) The Borrowed Type: idioms classified here are separate words and do not change the original meaning from English (3) The Initial Letters Type: idioms classified here are compounds and do not change the original meaning from English.
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Luo, Wan-Ling, and 羅婉菱. "A Comparative Study of the Use of Japanese Foreign Loan Words (Gairaigo) and Japanese Existential Words (Kizongo) by Language Learners of Chinese Native Speakers." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54u3qd.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>日本語文學研究所<br>105<br>This project is a comparative study of the use of Japanese foreign loan words (Gairaigo) and Japanese Existential Words (Kizongo) by language learners of Chinese native speakers (Taiwanese and Chinese).
There is an increasing use of Japanese foreign loan words (Gairaigo) today. NINJAL has showed a consequence of a survey that Japanese tend to use Gairaigo in daily life much more than before. It has been concerned with the topic of the unintelligible meaning and misunderstanding usage between Gairaigo and Kizongo besides, it has not be mentioned that why people use them and what’s the different images between them so far. However, we still could not find a clear way to instruct Japanese learners that how to use Gairaigo and Kizongo appropriately.
This project will be the first comparative study of Chinese language learners ( Taiwanese and Chinese ) and Japanese native speakers. The purpose of this study is to know the tendency of usage of Gairaigo and Kizongo, and realize the different images of Gairaigo and Kizongo between Japanese native speakers and Chinese language learners.
This comparative survey design is adopted to collect the questionnaire data from Japanese native speakers and Chinese language learners. The results revealed that Japanese native speakers tend to use Gairaigo and Kizongo in daily life than Chinese language learners on the same occasion. In other words, Chinese language learners tend to use Kizongo more than Japanese native speakers on the same occasion. It is thought that Chinese have the culture of Chinese character much more deeper than Japanese. As Chinese to be the native language, they do use and write Chinese characters every day. Chinese characters are the most familiar notations to them in the world.
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Liu, Pang-Liang, and 劉邦良. "The Effect of Loan-Words on Ad Attitudes: Consumer Brand Familiarity and Regulatory Focus as Moderators." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3s9y44.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立清華大學<br>教育心理與諮商學系教育心理與諮商碩士在職專班<br>105<br>The research attempts to explore the moderating roles of consumer brand familiarity and regulatory focus in the impact of “loan-words” on consumer’s advertising attitudes. Specifically, this research is designed to examine the interaction effects of brand familiarity, regulatory focus and, loan-words on consumers' advertising attitudes. It is predicted that the presence or absence of loan-words in advertisements has a significant effect on consumers' advertising attitudes. Customers are likely to engender more positive advertising attitudes on the ads with loan-words than the ads without loan-words. Moreover, it is predicted that consumers are likely to engender positive advertising attitudes for the ads with loan-words, regardless of brand familiarity. Furthermore, it is hypothesized that, compared with prevention-focused consumers, promotion-focused consumers have more positive advertising attitudes on the ads with loan-words. On the contrary, prevention-focused consumers tend to engender more positive advertising attitudes for the ads without loan-words than those with loan-words. In addition, promotion-focused consumers with higher brand familiarity are likely to engender more positive advertising attitudes for the ads with loan-words than those without loan-words. In contrast, for preventive-focused consumers with higher brand familiarity, the availability of loan-words fails to affect consumer advertising attitudes.
On the contrary, promotion-focused consumers with lower brand familiarity are likely to engender more positive advertising attitudes for the ads with loan-words than those without loan-words. In contrast, preventive-focused consumers with lower brand familiarity, the ads without loan-words tend to engender more positive advertising attitudes than those with loan-words.
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Irwin, Derek S. "Creating Canadian English : a systemic functional linguistic analysis of First Nations loan words in early Canadian texts /." 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:NR51720.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph.D.)--York University, 2008. Graduate Programme in English.<br>Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 357-377). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:NR51720
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李南衡. "The Evolvement of Loan-words in Taiwan Novels: the Examples of Loa Ho and Wang Chen-ho." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/2cu42v.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立臺灣師範大學<br>台灣文化及語言文學研究所<br>96<br>Because Taiwan has been occupied by different foreign powers over the past 400 years, there are many loan-words in the Taiwanese daily language. In the last 100 years loan-words have increased and their usage has been the most complex. I tried to use the examples of two authors whose novels were written fifty years apart to investigate the evolution of foreign loan-words. The first author, Löa Hô, wrote during the Japanese occupied 1930s and the second author, Wang Chen-ho, wrote during the Chinese KMT government-occupied 1980s. Furthermore, I tried to investigate the effect the “national language policy” of the two colonizing countries has had on the Taiwanese language.
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Jindřichová, Jana. "Znají žáci základních a středních škol význam nově přejatých anglicismů?" Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-342420.
Full textAbstract:
This diploma thesis deals with comprehension of newly borrowed anglicisms into the Czech language. As newly borrowed we considered those which are listed in the dictionaries of neologisms, or have not been included in them yet. The comprehension was tested at primary school pupils and students of lower secondary school. The theoretical part describes ways of enriching vocabulary, especially borrowing from foreign languages. The main research method used in the practical part was a survey. It took place in April 2014 among the pupils of the 6th and 9th classes at one of Prague's primary schools and in corresponding classes at Opava secondary school. The results were related to the sex and age of the respondents and also to the type of school they are attending. We observed increased number of successful responses in closed questions testing the passive comprehension of anglicisms than in the open-ended questions testing the active comprehension of anglicisms. Comparing responses by gender, girls reached higher percentage of successful answers or the successful answers of boys and girls were balanced. The most striking differences brought comparison of respondents by age. Older pupils reached on all issues significantly higher success rate than younger pupils. Differences were also observed in the...
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PLCHOVÁ, Sylva. "Jmenný rod v italštině: asignace rodu u výpůjček z angličtiny." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-320526.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is dedicated to the problems of gender assignment to English loan words in Italian. The thesis is divided into two parts. In the first, theoretical part, attention is paid to the definition of gender category in Italian, to the rules describing the formation of gender in Italian and then the gender assignment rules for English loan words are presented in detail. The second, analytical part, is dedicated to the research which is carried out via Italian text corpus itWaC. The application of the presented rules for gender assignment is being verified on a sample of English loan words.The aim of the thesis is to introduce the problems of gender assignment to English loan words in Italian, to provide a detailed overview of the individual rules for gender assignment and to verify how much are these rules observed in practice.
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Georgievová, Jana. "Galicismy v bulharštině v první polovině 20. století." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-267832.
Full textAbstract:
A diachronic study comparing and contrasting French loanwords in Bulgarian during the 1st half of the 20th century. Research material is based on the dictionary of foreign words by Stefan Mladenov Речник на чуждите думи в българския език с обяснения за происхода и състава им (1932) and the contemporary dictionary Речник на чуждите думи в българския език (PERNIŠKA 2007). Words are compared and contrasted from the lexical, semantic, phonetic and morphological point of view. The results depict the role of French in the Bulgarian society, the evolution of the Bulgarian lexicology and the formal adaptation of the loanwords in the Bulgarian language system. The thesis also sums up current research of the French influence in the Bulgaria.
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"A bridge of words : a term list based on the study and classification of compounding operations in Avot Yeshurun's later poetry (1974-1992) concerning his notion of Bayit (home/house) /." Uppsala : [S. Academiae ubsaliensis], 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37703686g.
Full text
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Iliopoulos, Viktoras. "Slova tureckého původu v současném bulharském, řeckém a albánském jazyce." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-405671.
Full textAbstract:
The subject of this diploma thesis is the use of Turkisms in Bulgarian, Greek and Albanian languages. First of all, the basic principles of lexical borrowing and the place of Turkisms in the current linguistic situation of the Bulgarian, Greek and Albanian languages are discussed. Attempts have been made to identify a specific number of Turkisms in each language, and some views have been presented on the term "Turkism", according to some scholars. Periodization of the onset of Turkisms are discussed, as well as a brief overview of previous studies on Turkisms as an introduction to the problem. After that, the subject of the work went on to the morphological and lexical-semantic analysis of Turkisms. From a morphological point of view, the basic Turkish suffixes borrowed in these three Balkan languages and their main meanings are considered. The analysis is performed with the selection of 70 Turkisms from the index of Prof. dr. Maxim Stamenov and having as source language for the comparison the Bulgarian language. The most famous and extensive dictionaries of each language from which the meanings of the lemmas came from were selected for comparison. In the same way, the analysis of Bulgarian, Greek and Albanian Turkisms in the language of the media is carried out. I have tried to find examples of...
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Κουτσαντώνη, Τατιάνα. "Σύνθετα ουσιαστικά της ρωσικής : σύγκριση με την ελληνική και άλλες γλώσσες". Thesis, 2007. http://nemertes.lis.upatras.gr/jspui/handle/10889/904.
Full textAbstract:
Η παρούσα εργασία αποτελεί μια προσπάθεια της
μορφοσυντακτικής ανάλυσης των συνθέτων ουσιαστικών της Ρωσικής σύμφωνα με τα δεδομένα και συμπεράσματα που προέκυψαν από τις σύγχρονες μελέτες των συνθέτων της Ελληνικής και άλλων γλωσσών.
Επίσης θα επιχειρήσουμε να κάνουμε ορισμένες υποθέσεις που αφορούν κάποια συστηματικά εμφανιζόμενα στοιχεία των συνθέτων ουσιαστικών της Ρωσικής, συγκρίνοντάς τα κυρίως με τα αντίστοιχα της Ελληνικής.
Στο δεύτερο κεφάλαιο αναφέρονται ορισμένα στοιχεία σχετικά με την παραγωγή και κλίση των συνθέτων ουσιαστικών της Ρωσικής σε σύγκριση με τα αντίστοιχα της Ελληνικής, ενώ δίνεται ο ορισμός της «κεφαλής» των Ρωσικών συνθέτων καθώς και οι βασικοί κανόνες τονισμού των συνθέτων. Στο τρίτο κεφάλαιο αναλύονται οι τύποι σύνθεσης, όπου το δεύτερο συνθετικό είναι ολόκληρη λέξη, δηλαδή οι τύποι που έχουν τη δομή [θέμα / λέξη + λέξη]. Το υποκεφάλαιο (3.3.) ασχολείται αποκλειστικά με σύνθετα τύπου [Ρήμα + Ουσιαστικό] 2 της Ρωσικής σε σύγκριση με τα σύνθετα αυτού του τύπου τα οποία προέρχονται από ορισμένες λατινογενούς γλώσσες (όπως τα Ιταλικά,
τα Ισπανικά ή τα Γαλλικά) καθώς και και μια σλαβική, τη Σερβική γλώσσα. Το τέταρτο κεφάλαιο είναι εξολοκλήρου αφιερωμένο στη
μελέτη των ρηματικών συνθέτων της Ρωσικής, δηλαδή των συνθέτων των οποίων το δεύτερο συνθετικό είναι ρηματικό παράγωγο με ή χωρίς παραγωγικό επίθημα. Στο πέμπτο κεφάλαιο
αναλύονται τα σύνθετα της Ρωσικής με το δεύτερο συνθετικό - παράγωγο ουσιαστικού με ή χωρίς παραγωγικό επίθημα, ενώ στο έκτο κεφάλαιο θα εξετάσουμε ορισμένα συνθετικά μέρη τα οποία φαίνονται να βρίσκονται στο στάδιο προσφυματοποίησης. Στο έβδομο κεφάλαιο αναλύεται το συνδετικό φωνήεν της Ρωσικής «-ο-» ως Δείκτης Σύνθεσης, σύμφωνα με το προτεινόμενο από την Α. Ράλλη μοντέλο (Ράλλη, 2005b, σελ. 16-20). Τέλος, στο όγδοο κεφάλαιο καταγράφονται τα βασικότερα συμπεράσματα τα οποία προέκυψαν από την παρούσα εργασία και το ένατο κεφάλαιο καταγράφει την ελλήνικη και την ξενόγλωσση βιβλιογραφία, η οποία χρησιμοποιήθηκε για τη μελέτη των συνθέτων.<br>-
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Hlaváčková, Michaela. "Zpracování latinismů v německo-českém překladovém slovníku." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-297890.
Full textAbstract:
A role of Latinisms in contemporary German language is the subject of this thesis. The thesis has been elaborated on the basis of findings acquired in the course of drafting dictionary entries within a project focused on development of the German-Czech Academic Dictionary. The role of the Latinisms within the German language vocabulary is analysed on the background of a confrontation of entries included in the monolingual dictionary Duden-Deutsches Universalwörterbuch with a structuralist theory of centre and periphery of language. The analyses, elaborated on the data obtained from the Mannheim German Reference Corpus (DeReKo) and the collocation database (CCDB) developed on the basis of the Corpus, are used for the purpose of the confrontation with the above- mentioned premise of the central or peripheral position of Latin loan words.
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Bedrníček, Jiří. "Vliv arabského jazyka na portugalštinu." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-374143.
Full textAbstract:
The influence of a Semitic language, Arabic, on Portuguese vocabulary is the subject of this thesis. To contextualise this investigation, the first part of this thesis provides an introduction to Arabic, its history, and its linguistic particularities, as well as an overview of the history of Arabic influences upon Portuguese. Particular attention is given to the phonetic transformations of Arabic loan words resulting from the contact and exchange between speakers of these languages. Portuguese was influenced by Arabic in discrete phases, which are described in detail: the period of Muslim rule in Portugal in the Middle Ages and the period of migration of African Muslim slaves and the Syro-Lebanese population to Brazil. Having outlined Arabic words brought into Portuguese usage, the second part of this thesis then turns to the analysis of this corpus of loan words. Thanks to various Portuguese corpora, the frequency of Arabic loan words is analysed. This thesis is completed with an appendix including supplementary information about Arabic and cities of the former Gharb Al-Andalus. Key words: Arabic, Portuguese, lexicology, Arabic loan words, Syro-Lebanese migration, semantic fields