Academic literature on the topic 'Comprehensive legal framework'
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Journal articles on the topic "Comprehensive legal framework"
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Zhou, Gideon. "Public Administration in Zimbabwe a Framework Approach." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 2, no. 2 (July 3, 2013): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v2i2.2045.
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Public administration is the bedrock of every government; the central instrument through which national policies and programs are implemented. However, its effectiveness largely depends on how its frameworks are constituted. This article examines the frameworks of public administration in Zimbabwe-interrogating the extent to which they provide enabling contexts for best practices of public administration. Research findings point to frameworks that are stressed at both the legal and institutional level. Thirty years down the line, a stable constitutional framework is yet to be established. While the institutional framework is fairly comprehensive and generally comparable with regional trends, its operational framework is largely emaciated in terms of autonomy and resource base. The framework of public administration needs reconfiguration and strengthening at both the legal and institutional level.
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Bocharov, G. G. "The Framework for Comprehensive Forensic Study of Phaleristic Items." Theory and Practice of Forensic Science 16, no. 1 (April 23, 2021): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.30764/1819-2785-2021-1-47-53.
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The article substantiates the need for a comprehensive forensic examination of phaleristic items – orders, medals, and other badges of distinction involved in the sphere of legal proceedings on criminal, civil, arbitration cases, and cases of administrative offenses. The article notes the features of forensic research of state awards of the RSFSR, the USSR, and the Russian Federation, which result from their specific legal status and normatively fixed manufacturing enterprises.The legitimacy of using the concept of “authenticity” in forensic experts’ conclusions concerning state awards and other subjects of phaleristics has been substantiated. The question of authenticity is crucial and, at the same time, one of the most challenging questions in the research of phaleristic items. Its solution requires assessing all the item’s basic properties and, in many cases, the study of a significant amount of reference and historical material.The features of the use of specialized knowledge of history, forensic traceology, forensic examination of materials, substances, and products, forensic merchandising examination, forensic technical examination of documents in the course of phaleristic objects’ forensic study are analyzed. The author provides methodological recommendations for determining the sequence of conducting various types of research, formulating conclusions based on the results of a comprehensive study, and drawing up expert opinions.
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Kholopova, E. N. "Comprehensive characterization of biological terrorism." Legal Science in China and Russia, no. 4 (September 16, 2021): 180–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/2587-9723.2021.4.180-184.
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. The article considers the complex characterization of biological terrorism as a special dangerous phenomenon, a threat to the national security of states, a crime of an international nature, a destructive mechanism that affects the change and reformatting of public relations. The complex characteristic integrates knowledge from many branches of science, includes the following elements: criminal law, criminology, criminology, and others, which are interrelated and determine measures to ensure the national security of states in the event of possible unauthorized use of biological agents. The study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research in the framework of the project “Ethical and Legal Principles of Genomic Research: Limits of interference in human rights”, RFBR project No. 18-29-14015/20.The study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research in the framework of the project “Ethical and Legal Principles of Genomic Research: Limits of interference in human rights”, RFBR project No. 18-29-14015/20.
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VAN KREIJ, Laurens. "Towards a Comprehensive Framework for Understanding EU Enforcement Regimes." European Journal of Risk Regulation 10, no. 3 (September 2019): 439–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/err.2019.52.
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Next to Member States, European Union (EU) level organisations have come to play a larger role in enforcement in the EU during the last two decades. Analysing the roles of Member States, networks of national authorities and EU agencies in this stage of the policy cycle through multiple academic lenses could lead to a more comprehensive understanding and assessment of their design. This article sets elementary steps towards a framework that brings together prominent theoretical insights from the legal and political disciplines, to discuss their combined leverage for understanding the EU legislator's choice for these enforcement regimes.
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Prasad M, Deva, and Suchithra Menon C. "The Personal Data Protection Bill, 2018: India’s regulatory journey towards a comprehensive data protection law." International Journal of Law and Information Technology 28, no. 1 (2020): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijlit/eaaa003.
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Abstract This article analyses the relevance of Personal Data Protection Bill, 2018 for developing a data protection legal framework in India. In this regard, the article attempts to analyse the evolution process of comprehensive personal data protection law in the Indian context. The manner in which the Personal Data Protection Bill, 2018 will revamp and strengthen the existing data protection regulatory framework forms the major edifice of this article. The article also dwells on the significant role played by the fundamental right to privacy judgment (Justice K.S. Puttaswamy v Union of India) of Supreme Court of India, thus preparing the regulatory ground for the evolution of the Personal Data Protection Bill, 2018. The influence of the European Union General Data Protection Regulation in shaping the Indian legal framework is highlighted. The article also discusses pertinent legal concerns that could question the effectiveness of the proposed data protection legal framework in the Indian context.
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M. A., Marchenko. "Methodological framework of the legal category «human dignity»." Almanac of law: The role of legal doctrine in ensuring of human rights 11, no. 11 (August 2020): 155–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.33663/2524-017x-2020-11-28.
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Today, having overcome painful and thorny way, legal awareness achieved certain victories and continues steadily moving towards the direction prescribed by the European values. However, the issue of fundamental human rights and liberties protection, including human dignity, becomes even more relevant. Threats and challenges daily faced by the whole nationalities, certain social groups of various countries, ethnic communities etc. induce them to seek answers, mechanisms and protection techniques in the legal sphere. For this reason, the issues of legal research methodology improvement, i.e. modernization of the scientific arsenal aimed at scientific and educational activities’ optimization, are of paramount importance. This article covers one of the overriding problems that are represented in contemporary scientific legal studies, more specifically, methodological framework of scientific and educational activities. Specific features of any legal phenomenon or category, like human dignity, sometimes require unique cognition methods to be intelligently selected by a researcher intending to achieve scientific objectives that were clearly defined previously. Correctness of choice of scientific practices and ways of developing “the truth of science” is a core component in solving scientific research problems. The article points up that in the comprehensive study of such legal category as human dignity, addressing universal (philosophical) approaches, general scientific and specific (specific scientific) methods is of vital importance. However, it is emphasized that diversity of research methods should not develop into methodical ignorance and anarchism as the application of any given method should meet specific scientific problems. At the same time, application of various scientifically grounded methods as part of study of the legal category of “human dignity” contributes to more comprehensive understanding of the legal category in question as an integral part of the ideological content of any legal system in the democratic society where the subjects endowed with rights and obligations have a chance to implement them in clearly defined legal relations. The author specifies the sense of application of philosophical approaches when studying the legal category of “dignity” indicating that such approaches should be made more specific by combination of general scientific and specific scientific methods. Keywords: legal sphere, rights and liberties, human dignity, approaches, methods.
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Ab Hamid, Nor ‘Adha, Ahmad Yani Ismail, and Tuan Nurhafiza Raja Abdul Aziz. "REGULATORY FRAMEWORK AND LEGAL CHALLENGES IN DIGITALIZATION OF ISLAMIC FINANCE." International Journal of Law, Government and Communication 6, no. 24 (June 15, 2021): 59–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/ijlgc.624004.
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This article analyses regulatory and legal challenges that may subsist in Malaysia’s Islamic Finance digitalization moves. The country’s finance industry regulators have been proactive in digitalizing the dual finance industry. The regulators have announced relevant frameworks since 2016 to support and spur digitalization development. This investigation employs a qualitative research method to achieve the objective. Despite bold initiatives, the authors argued the issues require comprehensive attention by the regulatory authorities. Past researchers have identified the issues. In this research, the authors expand the discussions on the identified issues.
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Suranova, Tatyana G., and V. V. Nikiforov. "The state of regulatory legal framework for the classification of biological threats." Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases 21, no. 4 (August 15, 2016): 188–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/eid40903.
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Recognition of the globality of biological hazard problems put forward a new task for health professionals - the creation of a system ofprotection based on the continuous comprehensive monitoring of real and potential biological threats. The article is devoted to the classification of biological threats.
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Zirkel, Perry A. "Legal Developments for Students With Dyslexia." Learning Disability Quarterly 43, no. 3 (July 25, 2020): 127–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0731948720931538.
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This article provides a current, comprehensive, and concise overview of the law specific to students with dyslexia in K–12 schools. It consists of (a) an overview of the applicable legal framework, which includes the federal foundation in the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act, (b) a compact tabulation of the state dyslexia laws that fits within this overall framework, and (c) a summary of a representative sample of court decisions specific to the identification of and interventions for students with dyslexia. The discussion identifies the legal lessons of the applicable state laws and court decisions within the overall limitations of law and suggests illustrative areas for follow-up research.
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Momotov, V. V. "Bioethics in the Context of Legislative Framework and Law Enforcement (Euthanasia)." Lex Russica, no. 10 (October 24, 2019): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1729-5920.2019.155.10.009-015.
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The article is devoted to one the most acute issues of bioethics, namely, the issues of legal approaches to euthanasia. The institute of euthanasia is commonly investigated in ethical and philosophical contexts. However, there is no any comprehensive legal research of the issue under consideration. Due to the fact that the Russian Federation public order prohibits euthanasia, the study is based on comparative analysis of legal and historical resources, as well as case law of the European Court of Human Rights. The author represents the general historical review of development of approaches to the institute of euthanasia.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Comprehensive legal framework"
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Lwabukuna, Olivia Kokushubila. "Reflections on the possibility of a comprehensive framework for the protection of IDPS in Africa’s great lakes region." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28365.
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The Great Lakes region covers central, eastern and some parts of southern Africa. It is situated strategically in the middle of the African continent and its stability, peace and development is imperative for the African continent. Inter and Intra-state conflicts have gone on in the region for the past couple of decades. These conflicts, which threatened to become a regional war, seem to have come to an end, but have left terrible reminders including the presence of masses of internally displaced persons. Various attempts have been made within the Great Lakes at state and regional level to address the issue of internal displacement. This study has highlighted these attempts while outlining the major setbacks and the gaps manifesting in existing institutional and legal framework. The study further has proposed the need for a comprehensive legal framework which should among other things codify the standards of protection; provide for the means and institutions of coordinating protection and assistance in all phases of displacement; serve as a legal basis for coordinating various regional and international actors and agencies involved in providing protection and assistance for internally displaced persons in Africa; highlight the measure or level of political will to achieve this; and finally provide means of monitoring such protection and assistance and ensure compliance by states. The study has also highlighted that existing frameworks, legal and institutional within the Great Lakes region and through additional aid from international mechanisms and actors are not adequate to resolve the issue of internal displacement within the region permanently and find durable solutions to millions of people laboring from protracted displacement. The study suggests alternative reliance on African systems and their conceptual contribution to the resolution of conflict and displacement in Africa and the Great Lakes in particular. The Final part of the study looks at national attempts to address the problem of internal displacement. Kenya and Uganda are discussed and contrasted in depth whilst highlighting their similarities and differences in addressing internal displacement. Both countries have at one point or the other experienced internal displacement, although not necessarily on the same scale, dynamics, time frame or even severity. They both seem to have taken incredible steps to address the issue of internal displacement including drafting policies, laws as well as assigning responsibilities for the displaced to specific ministries of government. Internally displaced persons in both countries seem to be in the process of returning home, even though at very different scales, and not always necessarily as a durable solution. These two countries have been used as case studies for identifying the domestic process of addressing internal displacement as well as determining the degree of comprehensiveness of the frameworks set up to address internal displacement.Thesis (LLD)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
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Books on the topic "Comprehensive legal framework"
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Dergunova, Viktoriya, and Anastasiya Prokopova. Analysis of legal regulation and judicial practice of resolving disputes between parents about children. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1218051.
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The monograph is a comprehensive study of the current practice of resolving cases on determining the place of residence of children, the procedure for communicating with them separately living parents and other relatives; restriction and deprivation of parental rights; on the departure of children outside the Russian Federation and return within the framework of the Convention on Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction of 1980, the Convention on Jurisdiction, Applicable Law, Recognition and Enforcement and Cooperation in relation to Parental Responsibility and Measures for the Protection of children of 1996.The relations that develop between the child and parents, the child and the court, parents and the court, as well as parents as parties to the process are analyzed. The central place is occupied by the study of the content of the concept of the best interests of the child as a guarantee of the protection of his rights and the vector of development of the current legislation. The cases of abuse of parental rights and improper performance (or non-performance) of parental duties, illustrated by current judicial practice, are considered. The analysis is presented: measures of family legal responsibility, including restriction and deprivation of parental rights in connection with non-execution of a court decision on the upbringing of a child; features of the application of principle 6 of the Declaration of the Rights of the Child in resolving disputes about the place of residence of children; the possibility of taking interim measures in disputes between parents about upbringing; the ratio of legal and psychological categories in child-parent relations in order to apply special knowledge; the procedure for conducting forensic examinations in these categories of cases. Finally, the possibilities of out-of-court settlement of some family disputes, including through mediation, are investigated.
For a wide range of readers interested in the rights of the child. It will be useful for students, postgraduates and teachers of law schools.
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Nations, United. Towards universal participation and implementation, a comprehensive legal framework for peace, development and human rights, treaty event, 25 - 27 September and 1 - 2 October 2007, United Nations Headquarters =: Pour une participation universelle, un cadre juridique général pour la paix, le développement et les droits de l'homme, cérémonie des traités, 25 - 27 spetembre et 1 - 2 octobre 2007, siège de l'Organisation des Nations Unies. New York: United Nations, 2007.
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Salehijam, Maryam. Mediation and Commercial Contract Law: Towards a Comprehensive Legal Framework. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.
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Salehijam, Maryam. Mediation and Commercial Contract Law: Towards a Comprehensive Legal Framework. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.
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Salehijam, Maryam. Mediation and Commercial Contract Law: Towards a Comprehensive Legal Framework. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.
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Salehijam, Maryam. Mediation and Commercial Contract Law: Towards a Comprehensive Legal Framework. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.
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Mevorach, Irit. A Normative Framework for Promoting Compliance. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198782896.003.0005.
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This chapter completes the proposed normative framework for cross-border insolvency. It considers the problem of compliance with a cross-border insolvency system by countries and implementing institutions. The previous chapters have shown how the choice and use of certain international legal sources, such as customary international law (CIL), can strengthen the system, close gaps, and address biases that may otherwise impede the choices of optimal solutions. Yet, notwithstanding the pervasiveness and behavioural force of CIL, the observance of the norms is not guaranteed. Written instruments, even if precise and comprehensive, and designed effectively, do not assure compliance either. Even where so-called soft law is in fact hard in important ways, countries might still underperform. This chapter suggests how compliance can be induced, and discusses which measures can be more, or less effective in that regard, including in view of decision-making constraints.
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Schütze, Robert, and Takis Tridimas, eds. Oxford Principles Of European Union Law: The European Union Legal Order: Volume I. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199533770.001.0001.
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Since the 1957 Rome Treaty, the European Union has changed dramatically - in terms of its composition, scope and depth. Originally established by six Western European States, the EU today has 28 Members and covers almost the entire European continent; and while initially confined to establishing a "common market", the EU has come to influence all areas of political, economic and social life. In parallel with this enormous geographic and thematic expansion, the constitutional and legislative principles underpinning the European Union have constantly evolved. This three-volume study aims to provide an authoritative academic treatment of European Union law. Written by leading scholars and practitioners, each chapter offers a comprehensive and critical assessment of the state of the law. Doctrinal in presentation, each volume nonetheless tries to present a broader historical and comparative perspective. Volume I provides an analysis of the constitutional principles governing the European Union. It covers the history of the EU, the constitutional foundations, the institutional framework, legislative and executive governance, judicial protection, and external relations. Volume II explores the structure of the internal market, while Volume III finally analyses the internal and external substantive policies of the EU.
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Mohamed Naim, Asmadi, Mohamad Yazid Isa, and Mohd Liki Hamid. Islamic finance: legal frameworks, practices and shariah criteria review. UUM Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/9789672210924.
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The book provides comprehensive compilation on Islamic legal documents related to Islamic financial system consists of legal statutes, frameworks, guidelines, circulars and internal compliant manual covering Islamic banking, takaful and Islamic capital markets. Brief description of those documents are laid down to assist non-legal background readers in having comprehensive view of Islamic finance legal system.Few special focuses are done to Shariah screening methodologies for stocks, Islamic fund and real estate with special review on few sukuk issuances as to familiarize reader with the principle terms and conditions (PTC) of the sukuk. Islamic finance is not just a system but it is a way to achieve the spirit of Shariah i.e. maqasid Shariah in providing prosperity to the society in blessing ways avoiding all prohibited elements as stated in Islamic law.
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Multilateral treaty framework: An invitation to universal participation : Focus 2007 : towards universal participation and implementation : a comprehensive legal framework for peace, development and human rights = Traités multilatéraux : pour une participation universelle : thème 2007 : vers une participation et une mise en œuvre universelles : un cadre juridique général pour la paix, le développement et les droits de l'homme. New York: United Nations, 2007.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Comprehensive legal framework"
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Krishnan, Loganathan. "Setting out a comprehensive legal framework to govern exemption clauses in Malaysia." In The Future of the Law of Contract, 160–84. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2020. | Series: Markets and the law: Informa Law from Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429056550-9.
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Amelung, Nina, Rafaela Granja, and Helena Machado. "Germany." In Modes of Bio-Bordering, 55–71. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8183-0_4.
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Abstract Germany’s DNA database was established in 1998 and grew into one of the mid-sized databases in the EU. Under the leadership of its Minister of the Interior, Germany was among the countries that drove the creation of the Prüm system and was among the first signatories of the Prüm Treaty in 2005. The 2007 German Presidency of the EU, along with the European Commission, also pushed for the integration of the Convention of Prüm into an EU legal framework. In terms of bordering practices, the German situation serves to illustrate an expansive and diffusive mode of debordering. This expansiveness is documented by the country’s early involvement and comprehensive establishment of data exchange with most of the countries in the system; this diffusive character is illustrated by the string-pulling practices employed by Germany, and some other Member States’ governments, to influence transnational police collaboration in the EU.
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Weinstein, Zvi. "in Construction from Waste to in Israel: A Case Study." In Future City, 323–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71819-0_18.
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AbstractThe chapter describes a policy of the State of Israel with the aim to cope with construction and demolition waste (CDW) through recycling, to be further used as green products. It is aimed at supporting the national economy and the recovery of the open public spaces that became places for illegal landfills, impacting the natural environment. Two major tools are used to achieve these aims: the first is the circular economy (CE), instrumentally led by the Ministry of Economy, and the second is the regulatory framework led by the Ministry of Environmental Protection. Both have the capacities to cope with, and support, the national economy and the environment. We argue that the way to achieve the full integration between the circular economy and the legal framework has still a wide gap, although big changes and advancements have been made towards reaching a comprehensive policy. Both Ministries are aware that it is a long process to achieve real changes after many years of environmental neglect due mainly to conflictual politics, economic interests, lack of budget and other government priorities. The means to achieve that goal include the use of the circular economy principles for recycling CDW into green and reusable products, on the one hand, and empowering the responsibility and accountability of local municipalities through regulation, on the other.
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Chiaromonte, William, and Veronica Federico. "The Labour Market Needs Them, But We Don’t Want Them to Stay for Good: The Conundrum of Migrants, Refugees and Asylum Seekers’ Integration in Italy." In IMISCOE Research Series, 193–212. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67284-3_10.
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AbstractItaly is a very complex case of migration management and of foreign workers’ integration in the labour market. Both have developed in the grip of structural national limits, due to the economic and social structure of the country, but also to its political culture and legal framework. Work is certainly among the most effective instruments for ensuring the effective integration of foreigners into the social fabric of the host country. However, the chapter discusses the many obstacles that hinder the full integration of foreigners into the Italian labour market, especially when they do not have a residence permit for work reasons but are beneficiaries of international and humanitarian protection. Since access to work for beneficiaries of international and humanitarian protection is still very complicated, there is a strong risk that the progressive reduction in the number of permits granted for work reasons and the simultaneous increase in the number of those granted for protection will slow down the process of integration through work. Furthermore, particularly long and complicated administrative recruitment procedures would require a comprehensive review of the legislation to become instruments of social and economic integration and not of marginalization. Against this backdrop, the chapter highlights how the law may abdicate from its empowering purpose to become a concrete barrier for the full enjoyment of newcomers fundamental rights.
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Richter, Marlise, and Kholi Buthelezi. "Stigma, Denial of Health Services, and Other Human Rights Violations Faced by Sex Workers in Africa: “My Eyes Were Full of Tears Throughout Walking Towards the Clinic that I Was Referred to”." In Sex Work, Health, and Human Rights, 141–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64171-9_8.
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AbstractAn ethical and forward-looking health sector response to sex work aims to create a safe, effective, and non-judgemental space that attracts sex workers to its services. Yet, the clinical setting is often the site of human rights violations and many sex workers experience ill-treatment and abuse by healthcare providers. Research with male, female, and transgender sex workers in various African countries has documented a range of problems with healthcare provision in these settings, including: poor treatment, stigmatisation, and discrimination by healthcare workers; having to pay bribes to obtain services or treatment; being humiliated by healthcare workers; and, the breaching of confidentiality. These experiences are echoed by sex workers globally. Sex workers’ negative experiences with healthcare services result in illness and death and within the context of the AIDS epidemic act as a powerful barrier to effective HIV and STI prevention, care, and support. Conversely positive interactions with healthcare providers and health services empower sex workers, affirm sex worker dignity and agency, and support improved health outcomes and well-being. This chapter aims to explore the experiences of sex workers with healthcare systems in Africa as documented in the literature. Findings describe how negative healthcare workers’ attitudes and sexual moralism have compounded the stigma that sex workers face within communities and have led to poor health outcomes, particularly in relation to HIV and sexual and reproductive health. Key recommendations for policy and practice include implementation of comprehensive, rights-affirming health programmes designed in partnership with sex workers. These should be in tandem with structural interventions that shift away from outdated criminalized legal frameworks and implement violence prevention strategies, psycho-social support services, sex worker empowerment initiatives, and peer-led programmes.
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Salehijam, Maryam. "Essential elements of a comprehensive legal framework." In Mediation and Commercial Contract Law, 124–84. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003080411-4.
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"A Maritime Security Framework for the Legal Dimensions of Irregular Migration by Sea." In 'Boat Refugees' and Migrants at Sea: A Comprehensive Approach, 33–59. Brill | Nijhoff, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004300750_004.
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Syroid, Tetiana, Havrylenko Oleksandr, Fomina Lina, and Shevchenko Alona. "LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE OSCE ACTIVITIES IN ENSURING THE COMPREHENSIVE SECURITY AT THE EUROPEAN LEVEL." In Theoretical and practical research in law, 171–94. International Science Group, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46299/isg.2021.mono.legal.ii-171-194.
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Rigg, Keith. "Organ Donation and Transplantation." In A Medic's Guide to Essential Legal Matters, 87–98. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198749851.003.0007.
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The organ donation and transplantation sector in the UK has a comprehensive legal and regulatory framework, with some important differences between England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. The Human Tissue Act 2004 and the Human Tissue (Scotland) Act 2006 are the key pieces of primary legislation, with the Human Tissue Authority being the regulatory authority. Consent, or authorization in Scotland, is the golden thread that runs through the legislation and is key for the removal, storage, and use of organs for transplantation. The specific aspects of the legislation that cover deceased donor transplantation are: (1) consent/authorization; (2) when the wishes of the deceased take precedence; and (3) preservation of organs for transplantation whilst awaiting consent. For living donor transplantation, the legislation governs: (1) the regulations pertaining to all living donor transplantation; (2) paired/pooled donation; (3) non-directed stranger donation; and (4) the illegality of commercial dealings in human organs.
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McLaren, Margaret A. "Women’s Rights as Human Rights." In Women's Activism, Feminism, and Social Justice, 57–99. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190947705.003.0003.
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This chapter assesses the human rights framework as a paradigm for global gender justice. First, it examines the gains made by the “women’s rights as human rights” movement; this movement brought issues of sexual and gender violence under the purview of human rights. Next, the chapter argues for the importance of economic and social rights, and supports the indivisibility of legal, political, social, and economic rights. However, some postcolonial feminists challenge the rights framework’s claim to universality, and care ethicists criticize its strong individualism. The chapter proposes that a feminist social justice approach provides a more comprehensive framework for negotiating the complex relationships among gender, class, religious, and racial and ethnic identities and oppression than a human rights framework.
Conference papers on the topic "Comprehensive legal framework"
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Yeon, Asmah Laili. "A Comprehensive Smart Home Legal Framework In Malaysia: A Necessity." In ILC 2017 - 9th UUM International Legal Conference. Cognitive-Crcs, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2018.12.03.43.
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Lozhkova, A. "PROTECTION OF BIOMETRIC PERSONAL DATA IN MEDICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS." In XIV International Scientific Conference "System Analysis in Medicine". Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/conferencearticle_5fe01d9bc43a05.55251061.
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The article discusses the development of personal data protection. Changes in the legal framework for the protection of personal data in healthcare institutions are analyzed. The necessity of applying a comprehensive approach to the issue of personal data protection is identified and justified, and a software package is proposed that will prevent the leakage of personal data.
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Хасанова, В. В. "ПРАВОВАЯ РЕГЛАМЕНТАЦИЯ И ПРИОРИТЕТЫ РАЗВИТИЯ НАЦИОНАЛЬНОГО ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬСТВА РЕСПУБЛИКИ КАЗАХСТАН ПО ПРОТИВОДЕЙСТВИЮ НЕГАТИВНЫМ ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫМ ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЯМ НА НЕСОВЕРШЕННОЛЕТНИХ." In Proceedings of the XXVI International Scientific and Practical Conference. RS Global Sp. z O.O., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_conf/25022021/7419.
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The article is devoted to the study of the existing legal framework for the protection of minors in the Republic of Kazakhstan from negative impacts in the information sphere, as well as the priority areas of development of national legislation in this area. Today, in the context of globalization, information and communication networks, including the Internet, are an important, and sometimes the only source of information for children. The pandemic of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 is a confirmation of this, when, against the background of the lack of real communication, children began to spend most of their time on the Internet. Education, leisure, and communication have all moved there. The role of information and communication networks in the life of modern man cannot be overestimated. At the same time, they can be a source of threats and risks to the health, development and mental well-being of children. It is established that the current legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan contains a number of normative legal acts aimed at ensuring the information protection of minors. However, the system of legal and organizational protection of children in the information sphere is currently at the stage of formation and does not provide a comprehensive response to modern, exponentially growing information challenges and threats. In order to eliminate this gap, it is proposed to develop a unified national strategy for the protection of children in the information environment, with its provisions fixed in the basic document.
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Teixeira, J. C. F., J. C. F. L. Silva, and P. Flores. "Development of Mechanical Engineering Curricula at the University of Minho." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-15170.
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The implementation of the Bologna protocol in the EU has set new goals for the whole higher education system as: a) a quality assessment for university courses; b) a framework for the exchange of students and academics and c) an opportunity for changing the teaching/learning procedures and methodologies. Within the context, the mechanical engineering curricula at the University of Minho has been comprehensively formulated in order to meet these and future challenges and expectations. The whole process has been based upon various cornerstones: the legal framework for the higher education system; the introduction of new learning methodologies and an accurate survey and understanding of the existing strong and week points of the previous experience. For this purpose, a comprehensive evaluation has been carried out with former students and a detailed map has been formulated regarding their professional careers and experiences. Furthermore, a discussion has been carried out in order to define the mission of the graduate in Mechanical Engineering. In brief, such mission may be referred by his ability to participate in the wealth creation through technology based innovation. Within this context, the curriculum has been structured in order to meet such goals. In addition to strong foundations in physics and mathematics, new subjects are introduced into the curriculum. The whole education is based upon project development which stimulates the students initiative, responsibility and their ability to integrate knowledge. Throughout the curriculum, students are enrolled into research projects developed in the department and it is expected that a few selected projects may be taken into a quasi industrial stage.
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Bobkova, Evgeniya, Lars Marcus, and Meta Berghauser Pont. "The dual nature of land parcels: exploring the morphological and juridical definition of the term." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5070.
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The importance of the parcel (also referred to as ‘plot’ or ‘lot’) as one of the fundamental elements of urban form is well recognized within the field of urban morphology. It has been described as a basic element in the pattern of land divisions that works as an organizational grid for urban form. One of the distinctive features of the parcel is its dual character: it means both a legal unit defining property rights and a physical entity. In urban fabrics, these dimensions act together to drive the evolution of built space. In this paper, we will investigate the entanglements of the morphological and the legislative definitions of the term, with the aim to resolve these, we better can address and compare the vital layer of parcels in different urban contexts, by both identifying common properties of the notion parcels, and dealing with variations in its legal framework in different countries. What we aim to capture with such a comprehensive definition is the relation between urban form and generic functions, which mainly concerns the functions of occupation and movement, where the system of parcels can be identified as spaces that embed an affordance for occupancy in cities of most kinds. The intended outcome of the paper is to unveil the power of the dual nature of the parcel, bridging between spatial and non-spatial dimensions of cities, that is, more precisely, a potential to establish a stronger interface between urban design and planning practice. References Conzen, M., 1960. Alnwick, Northumberland: a study in town-plan analysis. London: Institute of British Geographers. Kropf, K., 1997. When is a plot not a plot: problems in representation and interpretation. Unpublished. Birmingham, University of Birmingham. Marcus, L., 2000. Architectural knowledge and urban form. The functional performance of architectural urbanity. Stockholm Marcus, L., 2010. Spatial Capital. A proposal for an Extension of Space Syntax into a More General Urban Morphology. The Journal of Space Syntax, pp. 30-40. P.Panerai, J. Castex, J.-C. Depaule, 2004. Urban forms. The death and life of urban block. Oxford: Architectural press.
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Wullems, Christian, and Anjum Naweed. "Low-Cost Railway Level Crossings: Breaking Down the Barriers." In 2014 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2014-3808.
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Level crossing risk continues to be a significant safety concern for the security of rail operations around the world. Over the last decade or so, a third of railway related fatalities occurred as a direct result of collisions between road and rail vehicles in Australia. Importantly, nearly half of these collisions occurred at railway level crossings with no active protection, such as flashing lights or boom barriers. Current practice is to upgrade level crossings that have no active protection. However, the total number of level crossings found across Australia exceed 23,500, and targeting the proportion of these that are considered high risk (e.g. public crossings with passive controls) would cost in excess of AU$3.25 billion based on equipment, installation and commissioning costs of warning devices that are currently type approved. Level crossing warning devices that are low-cost provide a potentially effective control for reducing risk; however, over the last decade, there have been significant barriers and legal issues in both Australia and the US that have foreshadowed their adoption. These devices are designed to have significantly lower lifecycle costs compared with traditional warning devices. They often make use of use of alternative technologies for train detection, wireless connectivity and solar energy supply. This paper describes the barriers that have been encountered for the adoption of these devices in Australia, including the challenges associated with: (1) determining requisite safety levels for such devices; (2) legal issues relating to duty of care obligations of railway operators; and (3) issues of Tort liability around the use of less than fail-safe equipment. This paper provides an overview of a comprehensive safety justification that was developed as part of a project funded by a collaborative rail research initiative established by the Australian government, and describes the conceptual framework and processes being used to justify its adoption. The paper provides a summary of key points from peer review and discusses prospective barriers that may need to be overcome for future adoption. A successful outcome from this process would result in the development of a guideline for decision-making, providing a precedence for adopting low-cost level crossing warning devices in other parts of the world. The framework described in this paper also provides relevance to the review and adoption of analogous technologies in rail and other safety critical industries.
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Markov, Serjoza. "HOUSEHOLD/INDIVIDUALS IN THE PROCESS OF PRODUCTION AND DELIVERY OF ELECTRICITY FROM RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES – PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS." In Fourth International Scientific Conference ITEMA Recent Advances in Information Technology, Tourism, Economics, Management and Agriculture. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/itema.2020.267.
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First and foremost, the main inspiration for the specific problematics in this paper is solar energy as clean and profitable energy for businesses in the Republic of North Macedonia. The question that arises as the basis is finding the reason why the progress in the sector of renewable energy sources in this country is still slow and insufficient. The results and conclusions of the research shall be achieved via comprehensive analysis, and by finding the answer to the posed question through the: theoretical analysis, the inductive and deductive methods, as well as description shall be used, whereas the techniques utilized shall be questionnaires, interviews, observations. By summarizing in one place all the theoretical and empirical aspects, we are finding the answer to the main question asked: One of the possible reasons for this actual situation is the fact that so far there is no possibility in this country for individuals to be involved in the process of production and transmission of electricity in the energy system. The goal is achieved in this paper through providing specific guidelines and suggestions regarding the improvement of the legal framework in the Republic of North Macedonia, emphasizing on benefits if the households are allowed to deliver their produced solar energy and considering the possible ways to remove the determined obstacles for implementing this idea.
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Geambazu, Serin. "Dynamics of public urban waterfront regeneration in Istanbul. The case of Halic Shipyard Conservation." In 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/rqqr4119.
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In the process of globalization, building on the particular spatial scenery of the waterfront, cities tend to refresh their strategies of development to adapt new trends of urban life with huge urban waterfront regeneration projects. These usually focus on a target of maximum marketing and construction of a new image-vision, which aims to represent the city in the global agenda. This aspect is depending on bigger changes in the urban context, the shift in government structures to entrepreneurial forms that involve externalization of state functions (Swyngedouw 2005; p. 1998). The rationale behind the phenomenon of waterfront regeneration and the global embracement of it is now “widely recognized if incompletely understood" (Hoyle 2001 pp. 297), as the relevant literature is based on case studies with focus on the examples of North American and European cities. The goal is to contribute to the more general, theoretical contention of urban waterfront regeneration in developing countries in understanding their dimensions in terms of governance and planning. The research tackles urban waterfront regeneration in Istanbul, Turkey by studying the most recent initiative of urban waterfront regeneration along Halic /The Golden Horn, the Halic Shipyard Conservation Project. The theoretical framework that underpins this study is derived from the discourse on new forms of urban governance including private, public and civic actors (Paquet 2001) that influence planning processes and project outcomes. To evaluate the planning process from a comprehensive governance perspective, indicators include: the legal framework, decision-making process, actors and their relations (Nuissl and Heinrichs 2010) and as normative the perspective of an inclusive planning approach (Healey 1997, 2006) helps to evaluate the planning process of the project. As urban waterfront regeneration literature is mostly based upon case study approaches, a critical overview of international examples is conducted. Both primary and secondary data is collected through: literature review, review of laws, review of official documents and land-use plans, an internship, 31 interviews, 91 questionnaires, participatory observation, a workshops, observation and photographs. The aim is to assess to which extend the top-down governance forms, but also bottom-up grass root empowerment influence the planning process and project outcomes, giving recommendations for an inclusive planning approach. The second aim is to evaluate the urban waterfront regeneration project studying its impact on the neighboring community. Bedrettin Neighborhood is chosen for analysis and its position in the planning process along with its needs are exposed. The thesis argues the modes in which along with clear targets for the improvement of the quality of life for the neighboring community, the urban waterfront regeneration project, Halic Shipyard Conservation Project, will be able to escape the current deadlocks and collisions between government, investors, resistance and local community and might have a chance to actually set an urgently needed precedent of a new planning culture in Istanbul.
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Esch, Markus, Bernd Ju¨rgens, Antonio Hurtado, Dietrich Knoche, and Wolfgang Tietsch. "State of the Art of Helium Heat Exchanger Development for Future HTR-Projects." In Fourth International Topical Meeting on High Temperature Reactor Technology. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/htr2008-58146.
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In Germany two HTR nuclear power plants had been built and operated, the AVR-15 and the THTR-300. Also various projects for different purposes in a large power range had been developed. The AVR-15, an experimental reactor with a power output of 15 MWel was operated for more than 20 years with excellent results. The THTR-300 was designed as a prototype demonstration plant with 300 MWel and should be the technological basis for the entire future reactor line. The THTR-300 was prematurely shut down and decommissioned because of political reasons. But because of the accompanying comprehensive R&D program and the operation time of about 5 years, the technology was proved and essential operational results were gained. The AVR steam generator was installed above the reactor core. The six THTR heat exchangers were arranged circularly around the reactor core. Both heat exchanger systems have been operated successfully and furthermore acted as a residual heat removal system. The technology knowledge and experience gained on these existing HTR plants is still available at Westinghouse Electric Germany GmbH since Westinghouse is one of the legal successors of the former German HTR companies. As a follow-up project of THTR, the HTR-500 was developed and designed up to the manufacturing stage. For this plant additionally to the 8 steam generators, two residual heat removal heat exchangers were foreseen. These were to be installed in a ring around the reactor core. All these HTRs were designed for the generation of electricity using a steam cycle. Extensive research work has also been done for advanced applications of HTR technology e.g. using a direct cycle within the HHT project or generating process heat within the framework of the PNP project. Because of the critical attitude of the German government to the nuclear power in the past 20 years in Germany there was only a very limited interest in the further development of the HTR technology. As a consequence of the German decision, at the beginning of the 90s, to phase out nuclear power completely, research and funding of further development of HTR reactor design was also cut down. Today’s HTR reactor designs, such as the PBMR in South Africa, use a direct cycle with a gas turbine. This technology is also based on the THTR technology and PBMR is a licensed party. For the HTR-PM in China and the future oil sand projects powered by HTR’s in Canada and Siberia however the use of steam generators is required. Westinghouse and Dresden University cooperate in the field of steam generator technology for HTR reactors. The existing know-how for HTR is based on a huge pool of knowledge gained by the past German HTR projects mentioned above and consists especially of the design methodology, the mechanical layout and material issues for helium heated steam generators. The project team consists of experienced specialists who have worked on HTR projects in the past and of young graduate engineers. Main goal of the project is to analyze the existing know-how and to adjust it to the state of the art. As a first step, the existing design and its methodology is being analyzed and the different points of improvement are identified. The final step of the program is the description of a new methodology which fulfills the severe requirements of the customer and all of the actual licensing conditions. One of the reasons why this project has been launched is that the requirements of life expectancy for HTR components increase and the material limits will be reached, especially at high temperatures. This implies that the design of helix heat exchangers has to allow inservice inspections; this was not a requirement for the previous THTR design. Methodologies for in-service inspections already had been developed, but they are not sufficient for today’s tube lengths and have to be adapted. Another example, based on operating experience, is using reheaters to increase the efficiency is not recommended today. Using supercritical steam conditions to increase the efficiency should be investigated instead. In general, the economic benefit has to be balanced against the additional costs resulting from better material and more complex manufacturing.
Reports on the topic "Comprehensive legal framework"
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Баттахов, Петр Петрович. ПРАВОВОЕ РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЕ СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ ОТНОШЕНИЙ В АРКТИЧЕСКОЙ ЗОНЕ. DOI CODE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/1815-1337-2021-11862.
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nomic progress of society. In this case, legal regulation creates favourable conditions and protects the rights of small indigenous northern peoples, that is, the local population, who live permanently in the Arctic zone. Separately, on the basis of this concept, the development of the economy and social sphere of the Arctic bloc as a whole is considered. The main strategic directions for the development of the Arctic and the current regulatory framework of the Russian Federation are being investigated. The author proposes to solve issues related to the socioeconomic problems of the Arctic through the adoption of comprehensive concepts and regulatory legal acts. The main conclusion of the work is to improve the regulatory framework through the adoption of a separate codified act.
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Colomb, Claire, and Tatiana Moreira de Souza. Regulating Short-Term Rentals: Platform-based property rentals in European cities: the policy debates. Property Research Trust, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52915/kkkd3578.
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Short-term rentals mediated by digital platforms have positive and negative impacts that are unevenly distributed among socio-economic groups and places. Detrimental impacts on the housing market and quality of life of long-term residents have been particular contentious in some cities. • In the 12 cities studied in the report (Amsterdam, Barcelona, Berlin, Brussels, Lisbon, London, Madrid, Milan, Paris, Prague, Rome and Vienna), city governments have responded differently to the growth of short-term rentals. • The emerging local regulations of short-term rentals take multiple forms and exhibit various degrees of stringency, ranging from rare cases of laissez-faire to a few cases of partial prohibition or strict quantitative control. Most city governments have sought to find a middle-ground approach that differentiates between the professional rental of whole units and the occasional rental of one’s home/ primary residence. • The regulation of short-term rentals is contentious and highly politicised. Six broad categories of interest groups and non-state actors actively participate in the debates with contrasting positions: advocates of the ‘sharing’ or ‘collaborative’ economy; corporate platforms; professional organisatons of short-term rental operators; new associations of hosts or ‘home-sharers’; the hotel and hospitality industry; and residents’ associations/citizens’ movements. • All city governments face difficulties in implementing and enforcing the regulations, due to a lack of sufficient resources and to the absence of accurate and comprehensive data on individual hosts. That data is held by corporate platforms, which have generally not accepted to release it (with a few exceptions) nor to monitor the content of their listings against local rules. • The relationships between platforms and city governments have oscillated between collaboration and conflict. Effective implementation is impossible without the cooperation of platforms. • In the context of the European Union, the debate has taken a supranational dimension, as two pieces of EU law frame the possibility — and acceptable forms — of regulation of online platforms and of short-term rentals in EU member states: the 2000 E-Commerce Directive and the 2006 Services Directive. • For regulation to be effective, the EU legal framework should be revised to ensure platform account- ability and data disclosure. This would allow city (and other ti ers of) governments to effectively enforce the regulations that they deem appropriate. • Besides, national and regional governments, who often control the legislative framework that defines particular types of short-term rentals, need to give local governments the necessary tools to be able to exercise their ‘right to regulate’ in the name of public interest objectives.