Academic literature on the topic 'Compressed CO2'

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Journal articles on the topic "Compressed CO2"

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Lavrenchenko, G. K., and B. H. Hrudka. "COMPRESSOR PUMP UNIT FOR CO2 LIQUIDATION AND SUPPLY IT FOR CARBAMIDE SYNTHESIS." Energy Technologies & Resource Saving, no. 3 (September 20, 2020): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.33070/etars.3.2020.04.

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Carbon dioxide, as well as ammonia, are widely used in large-scale chemistry for the production of urea. Currently, the most common technology for producing carmabide is according to which liquid NH3 is pumped into the synthesis column by a pump at a pressure of 15 MPa, and gaseous CO2 is supplied by a compressor with the same pressure as ammonia. Gaseous CO2 is compressed in a multi-stage compressor to a pressure of 15 MPa before it enters the urea synthesis unit, in which it reacts with ammonia. The specific energy consumption for compressing carbon dioxide in a compressor unit is 0.13 kWh/kg. Reducing energy for producing CO2 and also urea can be achieved when it is possible to supply carbon dioxide in liquid form under a pressure of 15 MPa to the urea synthesis column. The analysis showed that to solve this problem it is necessary to implement two processes: compression to 1.8–3.0 MPa, and then cooling and liquefaction of gaseous CO2 due to the cold of liquid ammonia. Liquefied CO2 can then be pumped to the urea column. In order to introduce carbamide into production, a new carbon dioxide compressor and pumping unit has been created. The installation scheme for compressing CO2 to a pressure of 15 MPa and its subsequent supply to the production of urea is given. A cold liquid ammonia stream with an initial temperature of –30 °C is used as a source of cold in the installation. The performance and power consumption of the compressor unit depend on the compression pressure of CO2. After the CO2 is compressed to 1.8 MPa, it is possible to cool 2.3 t/h of carbon dioxide with cold liquid ammonia and then direct it to the synthesis of urea using a pump under a pressure of 15 MPa. The specific energy consumption in the installation will be 0.1 kWh/kg. When CO2 is compressed up to 3 MPa, the plant capacity is 8.78 t/h, and the unit costs are 0,108 kWh/kg. Urea production in this case may increase from 1400 to 1680 t/day. Ref. 5, Fig. 3, Tab. 3.
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Fusaro, Francesco, Johannes Kluge, Marco Mazzotti, and Gerhard Muhrer. "Compressed CO2 antisolvent precipitation of lysozyme." Journal of Supercritical Fluids 49, no. 1 (2009): 79–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2008.12.005.

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Pham, Quoc Minh, Jae-Seong Kim, and Sunwook Kim. "Polyaniline nanofibers synthesized in compressed CO2." Synthetic Metals 160, no. 5-6 (2010): 394–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2009.11.015.

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Wang, Yong, Zhimin Liu, Buxing Han, et al. "Compressed-CO2-Assisted Patterning of Polymers." Journal of Physical Chemistry B 109, no. 25 (2005): 12376–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp050954h.

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Goodrum, John W., and Mary B. Kilgo. "Peanut oil extraction using compressed CO2." Energy in Agriculture 6, no. 3 (1987): 265–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-5826(87)90007-6.

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Zhang, Jianling, and Buxing Han. "Supercritical CO2-continuous microemulsions and compressed CO2-expanded reverse microemulsions." Journal of Supercritical Fluids 47, no. 3 (2009): 531–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2008.08.014.

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Li, Wei, Jianling Zhang, Siqing Cheng, et al. "Enhanced Stabilization of Vesicles by Compressed CO2." Langmuir 25, no. 1 (2009): 196–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la8031545.

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Kian, Kourosh, and Aaron M. Scurto. "Viscosity of compressed CO2-saturated n-alkanes: CO2/n-hexane, CO2/n-decane, and CO2/n-tetradecane." Journal of Supercritical Fluids 133 (March 2018): 411–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2017.10.030.

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Bharatwaj, B., and S. R. P. Rocha. "Interfacial phenomena at the compressed co2-water interface." Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering 23, no. 2 (2006): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-66322006000200004.

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Ouchene, Rafik, Arnaud Erriguible, Stéphane Vincent, and Pascale Subra-Paternault. "Simulation of liquid solvent atomization in compressed CO2." Mechanics Research Communications 54 (December 2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mechrescom.2013.09.001.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Compressed CO2"

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Bueno, López Dolores. "Peptide functionalized nanoliposomes for biomolecule intracellular delivery, prepared using compressed CO2." Doctoral thesis, TDX (Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670422.

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La malaltia de Fabry és un trastorn d’emmagatzematge lisosòmic (LSD), una malaltia rara causada per una mutació gènica en el cromosoma X, que codifica l’enzim α-galactosidasa A (GLA). La GLA hidrolitza els residus α-D-galactosils terminals de glicosfingolípids neutres. Així, la manca d’aquest enzim provoca l’acumulació d’aquestes molècules, principalment globotriaosilceramida (Gb3), als lisosomes d’algunes cèl·lules. El tractament real es basa en la teràpia de reemplaçament d’enzim (ERT) que consisteix en l’administració intravenosa de l’enzim deficient. Tot i això, l’èxit es limita a causa d’inconvenients substancials, com l’aprofitament del flux sanguini, la degradació per proteases, la baixa efectivitat quan els òrgans ja estan danyats i l’elevat cost de la teràpia, entre d’altres. En els darrers anys, la nanotecnologia ha sorgit com una potent eina per desenvolupar nanosistemes enzimàtics carregats per tal de millorar l’eficàcia de l’ERT i minimitzar els seus efectes secundaris. L’objectiu d’aquests nanomaterials és augmentar la biodisponibilitat de l’enzim, evitar la seva degradació, controlar el temps de circulació i la velocitat d’alliberament. Els nanocarriers es poden funcionalitzar amb unitats (com el pèptid RGD) que proporcionen el reconeixement de marcadors expressats per cèl·lules malaltes, assegurant així la correcta distribució de l’enzim. Probablement els més utilitzats per a la distribució de medicaments són nano-transportadors basats en vesícules i polímers. De fet, les vesícules han servit com a vehicles de lliurament convenients per a compostos biològicament actius, ja que són no tòxics, biodegradables i no immunogènics. En nanocarriers basats en vesícules, com els liposomes, les propietats farmacològiques depenen fortament de les característiques estructurals dels conjugats. En conseqüència, un alt grau d’homogeneïtat estructural pel que fa a la mida, la morfologia i la composició és crucial per al seu òptim rendiment. La metodologia DELOS-SUSP (Depressurització d’una suspensió orgànica expandida-solució) desenvolupada pel grup Nanomol permet produir suspensions col·loïdals utilitzant CO2 comprimit com a co-dissolvent en un procés d’un sol pas. Aquesta tecnologia permet la preparació de petites vesícules unilamel·lars amb gran homogeneïtat estructural. A més, DELOS-SUSP permet l’encapsulació simultània de diferents bioactius com el pèptid RGD i la proteïna GLA en els liposomes. Aquesta tesi doctoral ha utilitzat aquests liposomes amb RGD i GLA per generar una prova sòlida de concepte per al tractament de la malaltia de Fabry. Concretament, la primera part d’aquest treball s’ha centrat en la comprensió precisa de l’organització supramolecular d’aquests liposomes i la seva capacitat per degradar Gb3 en models in vitro. A més, utilitzant un nou procediment de diafiltració i concentració, aquests liposomes han aconseguit la concentració requerida de GLA per realitzar assajos in vivo amb èxit. S’ha desenvolupat una metodologia HPLC per assegurar la qualitat farmacèutica dels portadors de liposomes en termes de composició química. Aquesta composició química també s’ha optimitzat amb l’addició d’una petita quantitat de tensioactiu MKC. Un altre objectiu important ha estat estudiar l’impacte del mode de funcionalització RGD dels nanoliposomes en les propietats fisicoquímiques i la internalització cel·lular. Totes les caracteritzacions fisicoquímiques i els assajos in vitro i in vivo, realitzats en aquesta tesi, van contribuir a demostrar que els liposomes-RGD carregats de GLA tenen un enorme potencial per utilitzar-se com nanomedicina per al tractament de la malaltia de Fabry.<br>La enfermedad de Fabry es un trastorno de almacenamiento lisosomal (LSD), una enfermedad rara causada por una mutación genética en el cromosoma X, que codifica la enzima α-galactosidasa A (GLA). La GLA hidroliza los residuos terminales de α-D-galactosilo a partir de glicosfingolípidos neutros. Por lo tanto, la falta de esta enzima provoca la acumulación de estas moléculas, principalmente globotriaosilceramida (Gb3), en los lisosomas de algunas células. El tratamiento actual se basa en la terapia de reemplazo enzimático (ERT) que consiste en la administración intravenosa de la enzima deficiente. Sin embargo, hay inconvenientes sustanciales, como la eliminación de la enzima del torrente sanguíneo, la degradación por proteasas, la baja efectividad cuando los órganos ya están dañados y el alto costo de la terapia, entre otros. En los últimos años, la nanotecnología se ha convertido en una potente herramienta para desarrollar nanosistemas cargados de enzima para mejorar la eficacia de ERT y minimizar sus efectos secundarios. El objetivo de estos nanomateriales es aumentar la biodisponibilidad de la enzima, evitar su degradación, controlar el tiempo de circulación y la velocidad de liberación. Estos vehículos pueden funcionalizarse con unidades (como el péptido RGD) que facilitan su reconocimiento por los marcadores expresados en las células enfermas, asegurando así la distribución correcta de la enzima. Probablemente, los más utilizados para la administración de fármacos son los vehículos basados en vesículas y polímeros. De hecho, las vesículas han servido como vehículos de suministro convenientes para compuestos biológicamente activos, ya que no son tóxicos, son biodegradables y no son inmunogénicos. En estos vehículos basados en vesículas, como los liposomas, las propiedades farmacológicas dependen en gran medida de las características estructurales de los conjugados. En consecuencia, un alto grado de homogeneidad estructural con respecto al tamaño, la morfología y la composición es crucial para su rendimiento óptimo. La metodología DELOS-SUSP (Despresurización de una solución-suspensión orgánica expandida) desarrollada por el grupo Nanomol permite la producción de suspensiones coloidales utilizando CO2 comprimido como codisolvente en un proceso de un solo paso. Esta tecnología permite la preparación de pequeñas vesículas unilamelares con gran homogeneidad estructural. Además, DELOS-SUSP permite la encapsulación simultánea de diferentes bioactivos como el péptido RGD y la proteína GLA en los liposomas. Esta tesis doctoral ha utilizado estos liposomas con RGD y GLA para generar una prueba de concepto sólida para el tratamiento de la enfermedad de Fabry. Concretamente, la primera parte de este trabajo se ha centrado en la comprensión de la organización supramolecular de estos liposomas y su capacidad para degradar Gb3 en modelos in vitro. Además, utilizando un nuevo procedimiento de diafiltración y concentración, estos liposomas han alcanzado la concentración requerida de GLA para realizar con éxito ensayos in vivo. Se ha desarrollado una metodología de HPLC para garantizar la calidad farmacéutica de los liposomas en términos de composición química. Esta composición química también se ha optimizado con la adición de una pequeña cantidad del surfactante MKC. Otro objetivo importante ha sido estudiar el impacto del modo de funcionalización RGD de los nanoliposomas en las propiedades fisicoquímicas y la internalización celular. Todas las caracterizaciones fisicoquímicas y los ensayos in vitro e in vivo, realizados en esta tesis, contribuyeron a demostrar que los liposomas-RGD cargados con GLA tienen un enorme potencial para ser utilizados como nanomedicina para el tratamiento de la enfermedad de Fabry.<br>Fabry disease is a lysosomal storage disorder (LSD), a rare disease caused by a gene mutation on the X-chromosome, which encodes α-galactosidase A (GLA) enzyme. The GLA hydrolyzes terminal α-D-galactosyl residuals from neutral glycosphingolipids. Thus, the lack of this enzyme causes the accumulation of these molecules, mainly globotriaosylceramide (Gb3), at the lysosomes of some cells. The actual treatment is based in the enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) which consists in the intravenous administration of the deficient enzyme. However, the success is limited due to substantial drawbacks, like the clearance from the blood stream, the degradation by proteases, the low effectiveness when the organs are already damaged and high cost of the therapy, among others. In recent years, nanotechnology has arised as a powerful tool to develop enzyme-loaded nanosystems in order to ameliorate ERT efficacy and minimize its side effects. The objective of these nanomaterials is to increase the bioavailability of the enzyme, avoid its degradation, control the circulation time and release rate. Nanocarriers can be functionalized with targeting units (like RGD peptide) that provide recognition of markers expressed by sick cells, thus assuring the correct distribution of the enzyme. Probably the most widely used for drug delivery purposes are vesicle and polymer based nanocarriers. Indeed, vesicles have served as convenient delivery vehicles for biologically active compounds since they are non-toxic, biodegradable and non-immunogenic. In vesicle-based nanocarriers, such as liposomes, the pharmacological properties strongly depend on the structural characteristics of the conjugates. Consequently, a high degree of structural homogeneity regarding size, morphology and composition is crucial for their optimum performance. DELOS-SUSP (Depressurization of an Expanded Organic Solution-Suspension) methodology developed by Nanomol group enables the production of colloidal suspensions using compressed CO2 as a co-solvent in a one-step process. This technology allows the preparation of small unilamellar vesicles with large structural homogeneity. Moreover, DELOS-SUSP permits the simultaneous encapsulation of different bioactives like RGD peptide and GLA protein in the liposomes. This PhD Thesis has used these liposomes with RGD and GLA to generate a solid proof of concept for the treatment of Fabry disease. Concretely, the first part of this work has been focused in the precise understanding of the supramolecular organization of these liposomes and their ability to degrade Gb3 in in vitro models. In addition, using a new diafiltration and concentration procedure, these liposomes have achieved the required concentration of GLA to successfully perform in vivo assays. An HPLC methodology has been developed to ensure the pharmaceutical quality of the liposomes carriers in terms of chemical composition. This chemical composition has also been optimized with the addition of a small quantity of the MKC surfactant. Another important objective has been to study the impact of RGD functionalization mode of the nanoliposomes in the physicochemical properties and cellular internalization. All the physicochemical characterizations and the in vitro and in vivo assays, performed in this thesis, contributed to demonstrate that GLA loaded liposomes-RGD have an enormous potential to be used as nanomedicine for the treatment of Fabry disease.
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Ferrer, Tasies Lidia Priscila. "Cholesterol and compressed CO2: a smart molecular building block and advantageous solvent to prepare stable self-assembled colloidal nanostructures." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/384637.

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La fabricación ascendente de nanoestructuras supramoleculares definidas es clave para el desarrollo de nuevos materiales funcionales basados en sistemas autoensamblados. En este marco, los liposomas son algunos de los nanoobjetos autoensamblados más estudiados desde su descubrimiento fortuito en 1964. Estos sistemas se describen como vesículas, formadas por fosfolípidos, compuestas de una o más bicapas lipídicas concéntricas que rodean compartimentos acuosos. Los liposomas están ampliamente reconocidos como portadores farmacéuticos debido a su biocompatibilidad, biodegradabilidad y baja toxicidad. Actualmente estas nanoestructuras se utilizan en uso clínico para una variedad de indicaciones contra el cáncer, enfermedades inflamatorias y dermatológicas, y en diversos tipos de vacunas. A pesar de su versatilidad y biocompatibilidad, el traslado a uso clínico de formulaciones liposomales está obstaculizado por la tendencia a agregación que tienen estos sistemas lipídicos autoensamblados y por su bajo grado de homogeneidad estructural, atributos críticos de calidad con un alto impacto en las propiedades farmacológicas. Los liposomas corresponden a estados metaestables cinéticamente atrapados, que se forman por el aporte de energía externa a una fase lamelar plana (por ejemplo, sonicación o filtración mecánica). La estabilidad de estas estructuras está cinéticamente limitada debido a que sus componentes lipídicos son muy insolubles, y por lo tanto, las fase lamelar plana colapsada es el estado de equilibrio de la agregación. Además, los liposomas sufren alteraciones químicas y físicas, que acortan su vida útil y limitan, como consecuencia, la estabilidad y las condiciones de almacenamiento de los fármacos. Debido a estas condiciones especiales de preparación y almacenamiento, junto con el elevado precio de los fosfolípidos, existe un gran interés en la búsqueda de nuevos componentes que se autoensamblen en vesículas estables y que cumplan los estándares de calidad requeridos en formulaciones farmacéuticas. El uso de surfactantes, como moléculas sustitutas más económicas y más estables que los fosfolípidos, ha surgido como una opción muy interesante para la producción industrial de los sistemas vesiculares en aplicaciones farmacéuticas y cosméticas. Además, se ha demostrado que el uso de colesterol en muchas formulaciones vesiculares, ayuda a modular la fluidez de la bicapa, reducir las fugas y mejorar la eficiencia de encapsulación (EE) de los fármacos. Por lo tanto, en la búsqueda de nuevas formulaciones de vesículas estables no liposomales, es muy interesante la formación de vesículas basadas en colesterol. En este marco, el grupo Nanomol descubrió la formación de unas nuevas nanovesículas utilizando mezclas acuosas de colesterol y bromuro de hexadeciltrimetilamonio (CTAB), un surfactante catiónico. Esta formación vesicular se logró mediante una tecnología basada en fluidos comprimidos, el método DELOS-SUSP. Es importante destacar que ninguno de los componentes individuales que forman estas nuevas nanovesículas se autoensamblan para formar estructuras vesiculares, ya que en agua los esteroles insolubles forman cristales y los surfactantes de amonio cuaternario forman micelas. En vista de la alta estabilidad que estas vesículas supramoleculares basadas en colesterol mostraron, esta Tesis se ha dedicado al estudio profundo del fenómeno de autoensamblaje y del comportamiento de fases relacionado con estas nuevas nanoestructuras. Hemos reportado la capacidad de surfactantes iónicos y colesterol para autoensamblarse conjuntamente formando en medios acuosos bicapas cerradas, que hemos nombrado quatsomes. Hemos investigado estas nanovesículas no liposomales a diferentes niveles, desde su formación hasta sus aplicaciones. Además, hemos estudiado la formación de otras estructuras supramoleculares basadas en colesterol, con morfología no vesicular, por el proceso DELOS-SUSP. Por lo tanto, esta Tesis contribuye a mejorar el conocimiento de las organizaciones supramoleculares basadas en colesterol y demuestra el enorme potencial de las metodologías basadas en fluidos comprimidos para la producción de nanoestructuras coloidales autoensambladas estables con un alto contenido de colesterol.<br>The bottom-up fabrication of defined supramolecular nanostructures is key to the development of novel functional materials based on self-assembling systems. In this regard, liposomes are among the most studied self-assembled nanoobjects since their serendipitous discovery in 1964. They are defined as phospholipid vesicles consisting of one or more concentric lipid bilayers surrounding aqueous compartments. Liposomes are well recognized as pharmaceutical carriers because of their biocompatibility, biodegradability and low toxicity. They constitute one of the most successfully translated delivery systems that are currently in clinical use for a variety of indications against cancer, inflammatory and dermatological diseases, and in various types of vaccines. Despite their versatility and biocompatibility, the translation to the clinic of liposomal formulations could be hindered by the tendency of these lipid self-assemblies to aggregate and by their low degree of structural homogeneity, which are critical quality attributes with a major impact on the pharmacological properties. Liposomes correspond to metastable kinetically trapped states, which are formed by the input of external energy on a planar lamellar phase (e.g., sonication or mechanical filtration). The stability of these structures is kinetically limited because their lipid building blocks are highly insoluble, and therefore, the collapsed planar lamellar is the equilibrium state of aggregation. Additionally, liposomes suffer chemical and physical alterations, which shorten their shelf-life and limit, as a consequence, drug stability and conditions of storage. Due to these special conditions of preparation and storage together with the elevated price of phospholipids, there is a great interest in finding nonphospholipid building blocks or tectons, which self-assemble into stable vesicles and which satisfy the quality standards required in pharmaceutical formulations. The use of surfactants as cheaper and more stable substitutive molecules than phospholipids has emerged as a really interesting choice for the industrial production of vesicular systems in pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications. Besides, it has been proved that the use of cholesterol in many vesicle formulations helps to modulate the bilayer fluidity, to reduce the leakage, and to enhance the encapsulation efficiency (EE) of drugs. Therefore in the finding of stable non-liposomal vesicle-like assemblies, it is considerably interesting the formation of cholesterol-based supramolecular vesicles. Within this framework, Nanomol group discovered the formation of novel stable non-liposomal nanovesicles using aqueous mixtures of cholesterol and hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), a cationic surfactant. This vesicle formation was achieved by a compressed fluid (CF)-based technology, the DELOS-SUSP method. It is noteworthy that none of the individual components of these novel nanovesicles self-assemble to form vesicular structures, since in water the insoluble sterol species form crystals and quaternary ammonium surfactants form micelles. In view of the high stability that these cholesterol-based supramolecular vesicles exhibited, this Thesis has been devoted to deep study the self-assembling phenomena and phase behavior related to these new nanostructures. We have reported on the ability of ionic surfactants and cholesterol to self-assemble forming stable amphiphilic building-blocks with the appropriate structural characteristics to form, in aqueous phases, closed bilayers, which we named quatsomes. We have investigated these novel non-liposomal nanovesicles at different levels, from their formation up to their applications. Furthermore, we have also studied the formation of other cholesterol-based supramolecular assemblies with non-vesicular morphology by the DELOS-SUSP process. This Thesis therefore contributes to improve the knowledge about cholesterol-based supramolecular assemblies and demonstrates the enormous potential of CF-based methodologies for the production of stable self-assembled colloidal nanostructures with high content of cholesterol.
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Marcos, Ortega Sara María [Verfasser], Marcus [Gutachter] Petermann, and Andreas [Gutachter] Kilzer. "On the intensification of emulsification processes in Y-shaped micromixers and SMX-plus static mixers enhanced by compressed CO2 / Sara María Marcos Ortega ; Gutachter: Marcus Petermann, Andreas Kilzer ; Fakultät für Maschinenbau." Bochum : Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1193252482/34.

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Ibsaine, Rabah. "Étude d’un système tritherme intégrant une compression thermique originale, destiné au marché du chauffage résidentiel." Thesis, Pau, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PAUU3030/document.

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L’innovation technologique dans les filières énergétiques est une manière pertinente de réaliser des économies d’énergie et de répondre aux préoccupations environnementales. Le chauffage représente la principale consommation d’énergie dans le secteur de l’habitat en France et contribue fortement aux rejets de gaz à effet de serre. Un nouveau conceptde compresseur thermique a été développé par la société boostHEAT. Il est destiné à remplacer le compresseur mécanique conventionnel d’un système de pompe à chaleur au CO2 pour former un système “tritherme”. Ce compresseur thermique est constitué d’un cylindre muni d’un piston déplaceur, d’un échangeur réchauffeur, d’un régénérateur etd’un échangeur refroidisseur. Le réchauffeur est connecté à la partie chaude du cylindre d’une part, et au régénérateur, d’autre part. Le refroidisseur est connecté au régénérateur d’une part, et à la partie froide du cylindre d’autre part. Cette dernière est connectée à la branche basse pression (évaporateur) de la pompe à chaleur par un clapet d’admission, età la branche haute pression de la pompe à chaleur (échangeur haute pression) par l’intermédiaire d’un clapet de refoulement. Après avoir exposé le principe de fonctionnement du compresseur thermique, la conception de ses principaux composants et le banc d’essai expérimental, nous présentons un modèle détaillé permettant de décrire le fonctionnementdu compresseur thermique et d’étudier l’influence de différents paramètres sur ses performances énergétiques. Le modèle développé est validé par comparaison avec les résultats de l’expérience. Enfin, le cycle de pompe à chaleur au CO2 supercritique, muni de deux étages du compresseur thermique, est étudié et optimisé<br>Technological innovation in energy systems is a good way to improve energy efficiencies and respond to environmental preoccupations. Heating accounts for the primary energy consumption in the housing sector and contributes significantly to emissions of greenhouse gas. A new concept of thermal compressor was developed by the boostHEAT company. It is intended to replace the conventional mechanical compressor of a CO2 heat pump system to form a "trithermal" system.This compressor is made up of a cylinder with a displacer piston, a heater, a regenerator and a cooler. The heater is connected to the hot part of the cylinder on the one hand and to the regenerator on the other hand. The cooler is connected to the regenerator on the one hand and to the cold part of the cylinder on the other hand. The cold part of the cylinder is connected to the low pressure branch of the heat pump (evaporator) through an automatic inlet valve, and to the high pressure branch of the heat pump (gas cooler) through an automatic exhaust valve. After explaining the operating principle of the thermal compressor, the design of its main components and the experimental test bench, we present a detailed model for describing the operation of the thermal compressor. This model allows the study of the influence of several parameters on the energy performance of the thermal compressor. The model is then validated by comparison with experimental results. Finally, the supercritical CO2 heat pump cycle with two stages of thermal compressor is studied and optimized
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Kamenický, Robin. "Časování ventilů kompresoru na CO2 chladivo." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231814.

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V posledních několika desetiletích se objevuje snaha o snížení firemních nákladů, stejně tak jako nákladů, které je nucen vynaložit zákazník, čímž se společnosti snaží získat výhodu vůči svým konkurentům na trhu. Spolu s tímto trendem jde i neustálá snaha snížit dopady na životní prostředí. Vývoj stávajících produktů se proto zdá být klíčovým prvkem. Tento dokument se zabývá vývojem pístového kompresoru na CO2 chladivo, který vyrábí společnost Emerson Climate Technologies. Cíl práce je zvýšit COP kompresoru při zachování stávající životnosti kompresoru. Diplomová práce je rozčleněna do několika kapitol, které se zabývají analýzou originálního designu kompresoru, návrhem a vyhodnocením designů nových. Nezbytné teoretické základy mohou být také shlédnuty v počátečních kapitolách. V poslední části dokumentu jsou sdělena možná další vylepšení a případné jiné konstrukce. Vývoj byl zaměřen na sestavu ventilové desky. Na základě několika předpokladů a výsledků analýzy původního designu kompresoru byly navrženy nové konstrukce, které byly dále testovány statickou strukturální analýzou. Pomoci modální analýzy byly také vypočteny vlastní frekvence a vlastní tvary sacího jazýčku. Mimo modální a statické strukturální analýzy byla provedena také CFD analýza. V posledním kroku byly testovány navržené prototypy a jejich výsledky byly porovnány s původním kompresorem. K správnému návrhu bylo zapotřebí programové podpory a to především v podobě MATLABu, ANSYSu WB a Microsoft Excelu. V práci jsou velmi často prezentovány obzvláště výsledky získané v programu ANSYS WB.
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Pham, Hong Son. "Investigation of the supercritical CO2 cycle : mapping of the thermodynamic potential for different applications; further understanding of the physical processes, in particular through simulations and analysis of experimental data." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4338.

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Cette thèse évalue d'abord le potentiel thermodynamique du cycle au CO2 supercritique (sc-CO2) pour une large gamme de température de source chaude et étudie son couplage aux applications nucléaires, 45.7% d’efficacité thermique étant obtenu pour un réacteur à neutrons rapides refroidi au sodium. Des simulations CFD sont réalisées sur un compresseur à échelle réduite et confrontées à une expérience, apportant des éléments de qualification. Des simulations sur un compresseur à échelle 1:1 révèlent des particularités liées à la compression du sc-CO2 au comportement gaz réel, offrant un retour d’expérience pour la conception. Dans ce cadre, une approche de cartes de performance est proposée et validée à l'aide de simulations. Enfin, une étude de la collapse d’une bulle dans le CO2 liquide au voisinage du point critique est réalisée et indique l'absence d’effet destructif de cavitation, ouvrant la voie au fonctionnement du compresseur en phase liquide, lieu optimum de l'efficacité du cycle<br>This study first evaluates the thermodynamic performance of the supercritical CO2 (sc-CO2) cycle in a large range of heat source temperature, with a focus on the nuclear applications; a thermal efficiency of 45.7% is reported for a Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor. Second, CFD simulations have been performed on a small scale sc-CO2 compressor and results have been confronted positively with the experimental data. Simulation results on a real scale compressor have then revealed some particularities during the compression of a real fluid, providing feedbacks for the component design. In addition, a reliable performance maps approach has been proposed for the sc-CO2 compressor and validated using the CFD results. Finally, an investigation of bubble collapse in the liquid CO2 near the critical point has disclosed the likely absence of detrimental effects. As such, risks of cavitation damage should be low, favoring the compressor operation in the liquid region for cycle efficiency improvement
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Ferreira, José Filipe Michel Gagliano. "Análise da confiabilidade do sistema de compressão de CO2 numa planta petroquímica considerando os fatores técnico-operacionais e humanos." Escola Politécnica, 2018. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/26159.

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Submitted by jose ferreira (gagliano.fm@gmail.com) on 2018-06-08T14:04:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MSC_Ferreira-J-F-M-G_PEI-UFBa_vfinal-grafica.pdf: 3531065 bytes, checksum: 1d1c7708bb21ba9a12c56dac183dd9f0 (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Vanessa Reis (vanessa.jamile@ufba.br) on 2018-06-11T11:06:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MSC_Ferreira-J-F-M-G_PEI-UFBa_vfinal-grafica.pdf: 3531065 bytes, checksum: 1d1c7708bb21ba9a12c56dac183dd9f0 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-11T11:06:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MSC_Ferreira-J-F-M-G_PEI-UFBa_vfinal-grafica.pdf: 3531065 bytes, checksum: 1d1c7708bb21ba9a12c56dac183dd9f0 (MD5)<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES<br>O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar os aspectos sociotécnicos que afetam a continuidade operacional através de um estudo de caso com aplicação de ferramentas da confiabilidade. Para alcançar tal objetivo, esta dissertação foi dividida em quatros etapas: análise preliminar para delimitação do objeto de estudo através do mapeamento da perda de produção, análise do ambiente operacional, estudo das falhas através do diagrama de Ishikawa e da aplicação da confiabilidade para modelagem da taxa de falha, e a aplicação do método SPAR-H (do inglês, Standardized Plant Analysis Risk Human) para quantificação do erro humano em uma tarefa crítica da operação. Foi analisado o ambiente industrial de uma planta petroquímica de fabricação de fertilizantes. Devido às próprias características de complexidade do sistema foram identificados elementos de natureza não técnica (humanos e organizacionais) que influenciam o desempenho das operações e contribuem no processo de desenvolvimento de falhas. Neste ambiente, o nível de automação apresentou-se como um fator limitante na caracterização da falha no formato sociotécnico.
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Sundström, Elias. "Centrifugal compressor flow instabilities at low mass flow rate." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Mekanik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-184869.

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Turbochargers play an important role in increasing the energetic efficiency andreducing emissions of modern power-train systems based on downsized recipro-cating internal combustion engines (ICE). The centrifugal compressor in tur-bochargers is limited at off-design operating conditions by the inception of flowinstabilities causing rotating stall and surge. They occur at reduced enginespeeds (low mass flow rates), i.e. typical operating conditions for a betterengine fuel economy, harming ICEs efficiency. Moreover, unwanted unsteadypressure loads within the compressor are induced; thereby lowering the com-pressors operating life-time. Amplified noise and vibration are also generated,resulting in a notable discomfort. The thesis aims for a physics-based understanding of flow instabilities andthe surge inception phenomena using numerical methods. Such knowledge maypermit developing viable surge control technologies that will allow turbocharg-ers to operate safer and more silent over a broader operating range. Therefore,broadband turbulent enabled compressible Large Eddy Simulation (LES) cal-culations have been performed and several flow-driven instabilities have beencaptured under unstable conditions. LES produces large amounts of 3D datawhich has been post-processed using Fourier spectra and Dynamic Mode De-composition (DMD). These techniques are able to quantify modes in the flowfield by extracting large coherent flow structures and characterize their relativecontribution to the total fluctuation energy at associated. Among the mainfindings, a dominant mode was found which describes the filling and emptyingprocess during surge. A narrowband feature at half of the rotating order wasidentified to correspond to co-rotating vortices upstream of the impeller faceas well as elevated velocity magnitude regions propagating tangentially in thediffuser and the volute. Dominant mode shapes were also found at the rotatingorder frequency and its harmonics, which manifest as a spinning mode shapelocalized at the diffuser inlet. From the compressible LES flow solution one can extract the acoustic infor-mation and the noise affiliated with the compressor. This enable through datacorrelation quantifying the flow-acoustics coupling phenomena in the compres-sor. Detailed comparison of flow (pressure, velocity) and aeroacoustics (soundpressure levels) predictions in terms of time-averaged, fluctuating quantities,and spectra is carried out against experimental measurements.<br><p>QC 20160406</p>
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Bouchal, Patrik. "Analýza proudění v semi-hermetickém pístovém kompresoru." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-417086.

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The topic of this diploma thesis is CFD simulation of flow inside CO2 semi-hermetic reciprocating compressor Stream manufactured by Emerson. The goal of this thesis is to analyze critical points inside the compressor with regard to excessive entrainment of oil by flowing refrigerant by means of CFD simulation using ANSYS CFX. Simulation for both single-phase and two-phase flow is part of the thesis and results from them are analysed.
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Dávila, Aldás Paúl Sebastián. "Estudio teórico y experimental de los componentes térmicos para bombas de calor de resorción con CO2." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670598.

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La present tesi realitza un estudi experimental de l'procés de desorció de la barreja CO2 / acetona en un intercanviador de calor de plaques. S'ha realitzat una revisió bibliogràfica de la demanda energètica a nivell industrial per a identificar rangs de temperatures en els quals pot implementar la tecnologia de bomba de calor. El cicle de bomba de calor per compressió / resorció es defineix com una alternativa factible per a l'aprofitament de calor residual a baixa i mitja temperatura (30 - 60ºC) fins a temperatures útils per a processos industrials (> 80ºC). Es realitza la modelització de propietats termodinàmiques de la mescla CO2 / Acetona i de el cicle de bomba de calor per compressió / resorció. Es va realitzar un estudi paramètric de les variables independents i es van obtenir rangs d'operació respecte a pressió, temperatura i composició en els quals el cicle funciona com a bomba de calor. Es van obtenir resultats de l'eficiència de l'cicle i de la relació de cabals. S'han obtingut les condicions d'operació per a dur a terme l'estudi experimental de l'procés de desorció de la barreja en un intercanviador de plaques format per 4 plaques / 3 canals. S'ha dissenyat i construït un equip experimental per caracteritzar el procés de desorció de la barreja CO2 / acetona a l'intercanviador de calor de plaques. S'han obtinguts resultats per al coeficient de transferència de calor de la solució, flux de calor i flux màssic de desorció a l'intercanviador de calor de plaques.<br>La presente tesis realiza un estudio experimental del proceso de desorción de la mezcla CO2/acetona en un intercambiador de calor de placas. Se ha realizado una revisión bibliográfica de la demanda energética a nivel industrial para identificar rangos de temperaturas en los cuales puede implementarse la tecnología de bomba de calor. El ciclo de bomba de calor por compresión/resorción se define como una alternativa factible para el aprovechamiento de calor residual a baja y media temperatura (30 – 60ºC) hasta temperaturas útiles para procesos industriales (>80ºC). Se realiza la modelización de propiedades termodinámicas de la mezcla CO2/Acetona y del ciclo de bomba de calor por compresión/resorción. Se realizó un estudio paramétrico de las variables independientes y se obtuvieron rangos de operación respecto a presión, temperatura y composición en los cuales el ciclo funciona como bomba de calor. Se obtuvieron resultados de la eficiencia del ciclo y de la relación de caudales. Se han obtenido las condiciones de operación para llevar a cabo el estudio experimental del proceso de desorción de la mezcla en un intercambiador de placas formado por 4 placas/3 canales. Se ha diseñado y construido un equipo experimental para caracterizar el proceso de desorción de la mezcla CO2/acetona en el intercambiador de calor de placas. Se han obtenidos resultados para el coeficiente de transferencia de calor de la solución, flujo de calor y flujo másico de desorción en el intercambiador de calor de placas.<br>Heat pump technology is an interesting option to recover waste heat at low temperatures (40 – 60ºC) and upgrade it to temperatures above 80ºC to meet the heat demand in industrial processes, and thus reduce consumption of primary energy and associated CO2 emissions. Current heat pump technologies are limited by the thermodynamic properties of working fluids and the resistance of their components. Compression/resorption heat pumps using refrigerant/absorbent working fluid mixtures such as CO2/acetone can operate at low high pressures with good performances. This research aims to experimentally study the desorption process in a plate heat exchanger of the CO2/Acetone mixture as an alternative for its use in the compression/ resorption heat pump cycle. The experimental results show values for the heat transfer coefficient (hs) between 0.2 and 0.5 kW/ m2K. An increase in the temperature of the heating water and a low temperature difference between the heating water and the temperature of the solution at the desorber´s inlet enhance the heat transfer. The hs value decreases as the pressure of the experiment increases. The heat transfer in the heat exchanger improves with low mass fractions of CO2 in the CO2/Acetone solution (22 % - 25%). The calculated mean vapour quality reaches a maximum value of 16% at a test pressure of 12 bar. The calculated heat transfer in the heat exchanger is between the 1.5 and 5 kW/ m2 range. The calculated desorption flow is between 0.002 and 0.005 kg/s.
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Books on the topic "Compressed CO2"

1

Computational Models for CO2 Geo-Sequestration and Compressed Air Energy Storage. Taylor & Francis Group, 2014.

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Bundschuh, Jochen, and Rafid Al-Khoury. Computational Models for CO2 Geo-Sequestration and Compressed Air Energy Storage. Taylor & Francis Group, 2014.

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Bundschuh, Jochen, and Rafid Al-Khoury. Computational Models for CO2 Geo-Sequestration and Compressed Air Energy Storage. Taylor & Francis Group, 2014.

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Bundschuh, Jochen, and Rafid Al-Khoury. Computational Models for CO2 Geo-Sequestration and Compressed Air Energy Storage. Taylor & Francis Group, 2014.

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Bundschuh, Jochen, and Rafid Al-Khoury. Computational Models for CO2 Geo-Sequestration and Compressed Air Energy Storage. Taylor & Francis Group, 2014.

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Bundschuh, Jochen, and Rafid Al-Khoury. Computational Models for CO2 Geo-Sequestration and Compressed Air Energy Storage. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

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Whittaker, D. Hugh, Timothy Sturgeon, Toshie Okita, and Tianbiao Zhu. Compressed Development. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198744948.001.0001.

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This book highlights the importance of time and timing in economic and social development. ‘Compressed development’ consists of two key features and their interaction: the tendency for development processes to unfold more rapidly (compression) and the institution-shaping influences of major periods of change and growth, especially when countries become integrated into the global economy (era). Using an interdisciplinary conceptual framework of state–market and organization–technology co-evolution, the authors contrast the experiences of ‘early’ and ‘late’ developers such as the United Kingdom and Japan, with countries–most notably China–which have become more deeply integrated with the global economy since the 1990s. Compressed developers experience ‘thin industrialization’, layered types of employment, and ‘double burdens’ or challenges in social development. National development strategies must accommodate global value chains and powerful international actors on the one hand, and decentralization on the other. To cope, and thrive, states must remain developmental, whilst being increasingly engaged and adaptive in multiple levels of governance. Compressed Development explores the historical and contemporary features of economic and social development at the intersection of development studies and studies of globalization. By bringing a new perspective on the ‘middle-income trap’, as well as the emerging digital economy, and the state–market and geopolitical tensions that are currently upending conventional wisdoms, the book offers timely insights that will be useful, not only for students of development, but for policymakers, business, and labour organization seeking to navigate the rushing currents of contemporary capitalism.
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Book chapters on the topic "Compressed CO2"

1

Moyler, D. A. "Extraction of flavours and fragrances with compressed CO2." In Extraction of Natural Products Using Near-Critical Solvents. Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2138-5_6.

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Gardner, D. S. "Commercial scale extraction of alpha-acids and hop oils with compressed CO2." In Extraction of Natural Products Using Near-Critical Solvents. Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2138-5_4.

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"Polymer Nanocomposites and Nanocomposite Foams in Compressed CO2." In Supercritical Fluid Nanotechnology. Jenny Stanford Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b19242-17.

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Düsterloh, U., and K. Lux. "Some geomechanical aspects of Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) in salt caverns." In Underground Storage of CO2 and Energy. CRC Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b11592-46.

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"Reactive transport modeling issues of CO2 geological storage." In Computational Models for CO2 Geo-sequestration & Compressed Air Energy Storage. CRC Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b16790-13.

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"Geological CO2 sequestration and compressed air energy storage – An introduction." In Computational Models for CO2 Geo-sequestration & Compressed Air Energy Storage. CRC Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b16790-8.

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"An introduction to the compressed air energy storage." In Computational Models for CO2 Geo-sequestration & Compressed Air Energy Storage. CRC Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b16790-23.

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"Role of computational science in geological storage of CO2." In Computational Models for CO2 Geo-sequestration & Compressed Air Energy Storage. CRC Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b16790-15.

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"Simulation of CO2 sequestration in brine aquifers with geomechanical coupling." In Computational Models for CO2 Geo-sequestration & Compressed Air Energy Storage. CRC Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b16790-17.

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Crotogino, F. "Compressed air energy storage caverns to integrate fluctuating wind energy within transmission grids in Germany." In Underground Storage of CO2 and Energy. CRC Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b11592-45.

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Conference papers on the topic "Compressed CO2"

1

Tosse, Sindre, Per Morten Hansen, and Knut Vaagsaether. "Modelling and Simulation of Phase Transition in Compressed Lique?ed CO2." In Proceedings of The 9th EUROSIM Congress on Modelling and Simulation, EUROSIM 2016, The 57th SIMS Conference on Simulation and Modelling SIMS 2016. Linköping University Electronic Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ecp17142653.

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Zheng, Dewen, Ligen Tang, Jieming Wang, Kai Guo, and Fengjuan Bai. "A Combined Cooling and Power System Based on Compressed CO2 Energy Storage." In Carbon Management Technology Conference. Carbon Management Technology Conference, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.7122/439577-ms.

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Metz, Kolja, Christian Wacker, Markus Schildhauer, and Eike Hylla. "CO2 Research Rig for Advanced Compressors (CORA)." In ASME Turbo Expo 2015: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2015-42501.

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This paper is giving an overview of advanced technology development for CO2 compression. CO2 has a long tradition in modern industrial processes and furthermore plays an increasing role in the present discussion of the world wide climate change. Today many industrial processes require CO2 not in a gaseous but in a compressed state at a specific pressure and temperature. Since commercially operated compressors are required to have certain safety margins, conservative design approaches are usually favoured from the thermodynamic point of view. Power reductions can be achieved with a more aggressive approach and improved stage components. The significant areas of necessary R&amp;D are identified in the presentation. Development, design, assembly and initial commissioning of a high pressure CO2Research Rig for Advanced Compressors (CORA) are presented. The key features of this test rig are pointed out. The test rig contains two compressor stages with an integrally geared design in a high pressure closed loop. The compression system is designed for a suction pressure of up to 120 bar and a discharge pressure of up to 250 bar, driven by a variable speed driver and features a high pressure shell and tube heat exchanger. Possibilities for testing are explained for the various compression system components such as impellers, variable inlet guide vanes, compressor stage components, shaft seals, heat exchanger, instrumentation, recycle valves and gearbox.
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Dahiya, Abhishek, Jishnu Bhattacharya, and Nitin D. Banker. "Thermodynamic Analysis and Performance Enhancement of Air and CO2 Based Compressed Gas Storage Systems." In ASME 2019 Gas Turbine India Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gtindia2019-2489.

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Abstract Due to the depletion of fossil fuels and their adverse effects on the environment, there is a need of hour to shift towards the renewable energy resources. However, the most promising renewable resources such as wind power and solar power are intermittent in nature. Thus, a sustainable shift requires economical and efficient energy storage systems. Use of batteries is the widely accepted storage systems for such resources and significant research work has been carried out in last few decades to improve the cycle life of batteries but they are still unsuitable for large scale systems and disposal of discarded batteries is also a major environmental concern. In view of this, researchers found compressed gas energy storage (CGES) system as one of the potential alternatives to store renewable energy at large spatial and temporal scales. The current study provides a comparison between air and carbon dioxide (CO2) based CGES systems from a thermodynamic standpoint. In an effort of improving efficiency of system, it is proposed to supply additional heat via renewable resource to CO2 based system before the expansion of gas in the turbine. The performance comparison of six different systems has been carried out using first and second law efficiencies.
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Ameli, Alireza, Teemu Turunen-Saaresti, and Jari Backman. "Numerical Investigation of the Flow Behavior Inside a Supercritical CO2 Centrifugal Compressor." In ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2016-57481.

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Centrifugal compressors are one of the best choices among compressors in supercritical Brayton cycles. A supercritical CO2 centrifugal compressor increases the pressure of the fluid which state is initially very close to the critical point. When the supercritical fluid is compressed near the critical point, wide variations of fluid properties occur. The density of carbon dioxide at its critical point is close to the liquid density which leads to reduction in compressor work. The investigated compressor is a centrifugal compressor tested in the Sandia supercritical CO2 compression loop. In order to get results with the high accuracy and take into account the non-linear variation of the properties near the critical point, the CFD flow solver is coupled with a lookup table of properties of fluid. Behavior of real gas close to its critical point and the effect of the accuracy of the real gas model on the compressor performance are studied in this paper and the results are compared with the experimental data from the Sandia compression facility.
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CHEN, YUZE, and SIZHONG LI. "Buckling failure of the axially pre-compressed cylindrical shell irradiated by CW CO2 laser beam." In 24th Plasma Dynamics, and Lasers Conference. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-3231.

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Lambruschini, Fabio, Eric Liese, Stephen E. Zitney, and Alberto Traverso. "Dynamic Model of a 10 MW Supercritical CO2 Recompression Brayton Cycle." In ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2016-56459.

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In this work, the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) in collaboration with the Thermochemical Power Group (TPG) of the University of Genoa have developed a dynamic model of a 10 MW closed-loop supercritical CO2 (sCO2) recompression Brayton cycle plant in the MATLAB-Simulink environment. The sCO2 cycle modeled here is a closed cycle with an external thermal source used to heat the sCO2 working fluid before it is expanded in a turbine. The turbine exhaust heat is recuperated using high- and low-temperature recuperators, with mixing of two compressor outlets between the recuperators (on the cold-side). About two thirds of the low-pressure sCO2 is compressed by a main compressor, after passing through a cooler, while the remaining working fluid flows directly through a bypass compressor. The reference fluid properties (REFPROP) method by the National Institute of Standards and Technology is used to provide the thermodynamic and transport properties for sCO2 over the cycle temperature and pressure range because the sCO2 behavior is highly non-ideal, especially at the inlet of the two compressors. Dynamic simulations have been carried out to assess the behavior of the plant during a typical process disturbance.
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Iloejesi, Chidera, and Lauren Beckingham. "GEOCHEMICAL STUDY OF UTILIZING CO2 AS A CUSHION GAS IN POROUS AQUIFER COMPRESSED ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS." In Southeastern Section-70th Annual Meeting-2021. Geological Society of America, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2021se-362383.

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Klein, Alexander, Hanwei Zhang, and Nickolas J. Themelis. "A Waste-to-Energy Power Plant With CO2 Sequestration." In 11th North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec11-1694.

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This paper assesses the technical and economic feasibility of a novel idea: Reducing the emission of carbon dioxide, the greenhouse gas contributing to global warming, by combusting solid wastes with industrial oxygen mixed with recirculated flue gas. The process gas, consisting mostly of carbon dioxide, would be compressed and used in Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) projects. By using municipal and other organic wastes that are currently landfilled as a fuel and sequestering the carbon dioxide product of combustion underground, such a process would provide the maximum environmental advantages possible, by producing electricity renewably without emitting greenhouse gases. The results of this preliminary analysis indicate that this may be a good opportunity to reduce carbon emissions at a lower cost than other methods of carbon sequestration.
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Chiesa, Paolo, and Giovanni Lozza. "CO2 Emission Abatement in IGCC Power Plants by Semiclosed Cycles: Part B — With Air-Blown Combustion and CO2 Physical Absorption." In ASME 1998 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/98-gt-385.

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This paper analyzes the fundamentals of IGCC power plants with carbon dioxide removal systems, by a cycle configuration alternative to the one discussed in Part A (with Oxygen-Blown Combustion). The idea behind this proposal is to overcome the major drawbacks of the previous solution (large oxygen consumption and re-design of the gas turbine unit), by means of a semiclosed cycle using air as the oxidizer. Consequently, combustion gases are largely diluted by nitrogen and cannot be simply compressed to produce liquefied CO2 for storage or disposal. However, CO2 concentration remains high enough to make separation possible by a physical absorption process. It requires a re-pressurization of the flow subtracted from the cycle, with relevant consequences on the plant energy balance. The configuration and the thermodynamic performance of this plant concept are extensively addressed in the paper. As in the first part, the influence of the pressure ratio is discussed, but values similar to the ones adopted in commercial heavy-duty machines provide here acceptable performance. Proper attention was paid to the impact of the absorption process on the energy consumption. The resulting net overall efficiency is again in the 38–39% range, with assumptions fully comparable to the ones of Part A. Finally, we demonstrated that the present scheme enables the use of unmodified machines, but large additional equipment is required for exhausts treatment and CO2 separation. A final comparison between the two semiclosed cycle concepts was therefore addressed.
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Reports on the topic "Compressed CO2"

1

Mintz, Marianne, and Matthew Tomich. Cow Power: A Case Study of Renewable Compressed Natural Gas as a Transportation Fuel. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1392464.

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2

Pallaver, C., and T. Cross. Screw compressor bearing failure at CO No. 4. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/61680.

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3

Lupkes, Kirk, Mark Kuzdzal, Silvano Saretto, et al. LP CO2 Compressor Final Technical Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1485447.

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