Journal articles: 'Compressive test'

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Huang, Zhong Hua, Shao Jun Liu, Ying Guang Xu, and Wang Hu. "Seafloor Polymetallic Sulfides Mechanical Property Test." Advanced Materials Research 1015 (August 2014): 316–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1015.316.

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Seafloor polymetallic sulfide specimens were developed according to engineering rock test method standard (GB/T 50266-2013). Seafloor polymetallic sulfide wet density and dry density were tested. Uniaxial compressive strength and triaxial compression strength of seafloor polymetallic sulfide were tested using rock mechanics test system MTS 815. Elasticity modulus and Poisson's ratio of seafloor polymetallic sulfide were calculated based on specimens stress-strain curves. Cohesion and internal friction angle were calculated based on specimens triaxial test Mohr stress circle. Test results show that seafloor polymetallic sulfide dry density average value is 2.6 g/cm3, wet density average value is 2.94 g/cm3. Uniaxial compressive strength and triaxial compression strength of seafloor polymetallic sulfide are unstable. Average value of the uniaxial compressive strength is 10.243MPa. Average value of triaxial compression strength test peak load is 47.166KN. Cohesion is 2.447MPa and internal friction angle is 38.04o.

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Yan, Feng, and Nan Pang. "Low Strength Self Compacting Concrete Compressive Strength Test." Applied Mechanics and Materials 275-277 (January 2013): 2041–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.275-277.2041.

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In this paper,the mechanical properties were studied,the self compacting concrete cubic compression strength,prismatic compressive strength test,discussed two kinds of relationship between intensity index.

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Jin, Zhang. "Compressive test and simulation of cassava stems using ANSYS." Functional materials 23, no. 3 (September 27, 2016): 468–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/fm23.03.468.

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Lan, Guanqi, Sisi Chao, Yihong Wang, and Ying Cui. "Methods to Test the Compressive Strength of Earth Blocks." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2021 (August 26, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1767238.

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The efficient design of new earth structures and the restoration of old structures both require a reliable assessment of the compressive strength of earth materials. However, there is still much debate on the best method to accurately measure the compressive strength of earth blocks. To solve the problem of measuring the compressive strength of the earth block, the cube specimen, the half-block stacked specimen, and the full-size block specimen are used to measure the compressive strength of the molded adobe and rammed adobe, respectively, considering the influence of the specimen preparation process, loading direction, capping, and other factors. By comparing and analyzing the stress state, failure mode, and compressive strength of the specimen under various test methods, a compressive strength test method of earth blocks is determined, which is simple to operate, easy to standardize, and as close as possible to the actual strength of the blocks. The results show that the full-size block compression test method along the block thickness direction should be preferred to test the compressive strength of the earth block. The standard specimen obtained by cutting the full-size block is not suitable for the test of the compressive strength of the earth block; it can effectively solve the problem that the compressive strength of the small-thickness earth block cannot be directly measured by cutting the full-size block in half and stacking it, but it is not recommended to use the binder to bond the two half-blocks. When comparing the compressive strength of the earth blocks, the conversion coefficient related to the height-to-thickness ratio of the specimen cannot be used to convert the compressive strength. Still, the anisotropy of the material strength should be considered.

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Deng, Ming Ke, Yun Tao Chang, and Xing Wen Liang. "Orthogonal Test Research on Compressive Strength Size Effect of ECC." Advanced Materials Research 538-541 (June 2012): 1789–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.538-541.1789.

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Engineered fiber reinforced cementitious composite (ECC) can significantly improve the seismic performance and durability of concrete structures, which has pseudo strain hardening and multiple cracking performances. Through 32 groups of 192 specimens for compressive strength of ECC, the orthogonal test study on the cube compression failure process, and further research on water binder ratio, fiber content by volume, fly ash content and sand binder ratio of 4 kinds of factors on the size effect of ECC cube compressive strength. The test result shows that: PVA fiber content increases, ECC compressive toughness is improved obviously; water binder ratio and fiber content are the main factors which affect the ECC compressive strength and size effect. When water binder ratio decrease, the compressive strength of ECC materials improve and size effect coefficient increase. Fiber content increase, the compressive strength of test block increase and the size effect coefficient increase. Through the bending tests, we know that: the fiber content by volume increases, the ECC flexural strength of the composite increases gradually.

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Kusaka, Takayuki, Takanori Kono, Yasutoshi Nomura, and Hiroki Wakabayashi. "Dynamic Compression Test of CFRP Laminates Using SHPB Technique." Applied Mechanics and Materials 566 (June 2014): 122–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.566.122.

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A novel experimental method was proposed for characterizing the compressive properties of composite materials under impact loading. Split Hopkinson pressure bar system was employed to carry out the dynamic compression tests. The dynamic stress-strain relations could be precisely estimated by the proposed method, where the ramped input, generated by the plastic deformation of a zinc buffer, was effective to reduce the oscillation of the stress field in the specimen. The longitudinal strain of gage area could be estimated from the nominal deformation of gage area, and consequently the failure process could be grasped in detail from the stress-strain relation. The dynamic compressive strength of the material was slightly higher than the static compressive strength. In addition, the validity of the proposed method was confirmed by the computational and experimental results.

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Tu, Nhung Hong, and Cong Thanh Nguyen. "ASSESSMENT OF TENSILE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE IN ACCORDANCE WITH ITS COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH." Scientific Journal of Tra Vinh University 1, no. 41 (December 29, 2020): 86–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.35382/18594816.1.41.2020.647.

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Concrete is the primary material used in construction. The importance of concrete is shown through its strength criteria which are indispensable in all structural designs of the engineers. This article is to determine the tensile strength of concrete according to the compressive strength through an experimental study for thestrength grade B15, B20, B25 of concrete. In this study, tensile and compressive strength of concrete were determined by tensile test and compression test on the same sample. The experimental results show that the tensile strength of concrete is much smaller than its compressive strength. For concrete at 28 days, the tensilestrength is 12,0% to 12,8% of the compressive strength. The reliability of the above compressive strength value is ensured by the standard compression test. The results of this study are recommended for practical testing of concrete strength.

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WATANABE, Hidekazu, Kiyoshi MIYAHARA, Yuuri OHTSUKA, Tomohisa MUKAI, Tsutomu HIRADE, Akihiro NAKAMURA, Yoshinobu KIYA, and Kazuki HIRAO. "UNIAXIAL COMPRESSIVE TEST FOR COMPRESSIVE DUCTILITY OF PRECAST CONCRETE PILE." AIJ Journal of Technology and Design 27, no. 66 (June 20, 2021): 726–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aijt.27.726.

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Li, Hong Qiao, Tong Hui Yue, and Zhi Hai Guo. "Experimental Study on Compressive Performance of Polyurethane Composite Panel." Advanced Materials Research 634-638 (January 2013): 2693–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.634-638.2693.

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Through compressive test on 18 polyurethane composite panels in 4 groups, observing their failure characteristics under compression, getting test result on compressive performance and load-deformation curve, analyzing failure reason, which will set the foundation for further experimental study and theoretical analysis.

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Liu, Han Bing, Hu Zhu Zhang, and Jing Wang. "Test Study on the Compressive Strength Properties of Compacted Clayey Soil." Key Engineering Materials 703 (August 2016): 380–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.703.380.

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In order to study the effect of water content, degree of compaction and stress state on bearing capacity of subgrade, the engineering compacted clayey soil was taken as the subject investigated, regulation of compressive strength changing with water content, degree of compaction and confining pressure were analyzed through triaxial compression test, and function relationships between compressive strength and water content, degree of compaction and stress state were fitted based on the test data. Results show that effects of water content, degree of compaction and confining pressure on compressive strength properties of subgrade compacted clayey soil are all remarkably. The compressive strength decreases according to a quadratic function with the increase of water content, as well as increases in accordance with a quadratic function with the increase of the degree of compaction, and increases linearly with the increase of confining pressure. Improving the construction compaction standard properly, adopting the essential lateral confinement measure and keeping a lower water content of the subgrade in service can improve the bearing capacity and stability of the highway subgrade.

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Yin, Yu Ting, Lian Yong Wang, and Jiu Ju Cai. "Study on Influence Factors to the Biomass Compression Process." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 2939–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.2939.

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The principle of biomass briquetting, the advantages and disadvantages of biomass briquette machine and the current research status were introduced in this paper. The influence of the four factors biomass particle size, moisture, pressure and compression speed to formation density and compressive strength was summarized, by orthogonal test method. The results show that, the influence of biomass size to the formation density is largest and to the compressive strength is least. The biomass size in the range of<40 mesh is best. The influence of compressing speed to compressive strength is largest and to formation density is least. The speed about 60mm/min is best. The influence of biomass moisture content and pressure cannot be neglected, 15% and 10MPa are best in this paper.

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Kong, De Quan, and Rong Wan. "Study on Confined Consolidation Test of Natural Loess." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 1543–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.1543.

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The main object of study is the natural loess. The confined compression test and confined compression resilience test of nature loess and remolded loess under nature water content condition was done separately by using unsaturated high pressure consolidation apparatus. Through comparisons of test data, we investigated the effects of overconsolidated and structural factors on the loess compressibility under specific moisture conditions and analyzed the natural laws of compressive deformation properties of loess.

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Yao, Jia Wei, Yu Pu Song, Li Kun Qin, and Ling Xia Gao. "Mechanical Properties and Failure Criteria of Concrete under Biaxial Tension and Compression." Advanced Materials Research 261-263 (May 2011): 252–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.261-263.252.

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Utilizing the large static-dynamic triaxial test system, 7 proportional loading biaxial tensile and compressive tests of concrete were conducted. The proportional loading paths are 0 (uniaxial compression), -0.05, -0.1, -0.15, -0.2, -0.25 and ∞ (uniaxial tension). Compressive and tensile strength were measured as well as the strains at two loading directions. Considering the ratio to tension and compression, failure criteria of ordinary concrete under biaxial tension and compression was established, which has a good agreement with test value.

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Lv, Qing Fang, Ji Hong Qin, and Ran Zhu. "Size Effect on Mechanical Properties of LVL." Advanced Materials Research 887-888 (February 2014): 824–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.887-888.824.

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Laminated veneer lumber is taken as an object of study, and use LVL specimens of different sizes for compression test and tensile test. The goal of the experiment is to investigate the size effect on compressive strength and tensile strength as well as the influence of the secondary glued laminated face, which appears in the secondary molding processes. The results show that both compressive strength and tensile strength have the size effect apparently and the existence of the secondary glued laminated face lower the compressive strength of LVL specimens. Afterwards, the relationship between compressive strength and volume along with tensile strength and area are obtained by the test results.

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Li, Chunbao, Xiaosong Ma, Shifeng Xue, Haiyang Chen, Pengju Qin, and Gaojie Li. "Compressive Capacity of Vortex-Compression Nodular Piles." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (January 12, 2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6674239.

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Compared with traditional equal-section pile, the nodular parts of nodular pile expand the contact area between the pile and foundation soil, which can greatly improve the bearing capacity of pile foundation and increase the stability of pile body structure. In this paper, the mechanism of pile-soil interaction in the construction of vortex-compression nodular pile is studied with the purpose of evaluating the compressive capacity of nodular piles. Through the indoor model test and ABAQUS numerical simulation analysis, the compressive characteristics of 12 types of vortex-compression nodular pile are obtained, and the variation rules of the parameters of the compressive characteristics of vortex-compression nodular piles are quantitatively analyzed, including the failure pattern of foundation soil, load-settlement relationship, and load transfer law of vortex-compression nodular piles. The results showed that the compressive capacity of vortex-compression nodular piles has significant advantages over that of traditional equal-section piles. Based on the results of the indoor model test and numerical simulation, the calculation method and formula of the compressive capacity of vortex-compression nodular piles are given by modifying the corresponding calculation formula of traditional nodular piles. The new method and formula are more in line with the actual working conditions and provide theoretical and data support for the further engineering application of vortex-compression nodular piles.

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Cseh, Dávid, Valéria Mertinger, and János Lukács. "Residual Stress Evolution during Fatigue Test of a Shoot Peened Steel Sample." Materials Science Forum 752 (March 2013): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.752.95.

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Directly-generated compressive residual stress has become a widely used surface modification technique. Intentional residual stress in solid materials can be produced by different surface compression methods. It is well known how residual stress field is influenced by the parameters of inducing technology, but during the operation of a surface compressed machine element the problem of compressive residual stress relaxation can occur. Only few articles address this phenomenon. The literature on residual stress decrease caused by fatigue load is scarce and the kinetics of this mechanism is not yet investigated. The present work reports on the examination of the effect of the fatigue load on compressive residual stress strengthened specimens. Investigations have been conducted at three stress levels. Residual stress data have been measured before fatigue load and measurements have been repeated after defined fatigue cycles.

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Wang, Xiao Lei, Shun Xi Yan, and Guang Can Zhang. "Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties of Jurassic Soft Rock in Shajihai Mining Area of Xinjiang." Applied Mechanics and Materials 353-356 (August 2013): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.353-356.20.

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According to the problemsof serious deformation of soft rock roadways and lack of system andcomprehensive study on surrounding rock characteristics and failure mechanismin Shajihai mining area, this paper carried out a series of mechanicalexperiments on the characteristics of surrounding rock in this area includinguniaxial compression test, triaxial compression test and water absorption propertiestest. Mechanical test results show that the compressive strength of surroundingrock of roadway is generally low, and mudstone compressive strength is thelargest which is 19.23 MPa, and compressive strength of the minimum is coalwhich is 11.32 MPa under natural condition. However sandstone and mudstone’sability of water absorbing is strong, and coal saturation strength issignificantly greater than that of mudstone and sandstone. Therefore, we shouldmake full use of the strength of coal in roadway layout and support design.

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Xiao, Jian, Zhiming Tan, and Jingliang Chen. "Mechanical Analysis of Unconfined Compression Test of Cylinder." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 27 (August 22, 2018): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118791912.

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The unconfined compression test is widely used because of convenient specimen formation, simple experimental process, and low requirement for equipment. In view of the experimental characteristics, the axisymmetric mechanical model of a cylinder with horizontal friction was constructed and its elastic analytic solution was also deduced. The stress and the strain of the cylinder under unconfined compression with different boundary conditions were analyzed by using the analytical solution, and the failure characteristics of the cylinder under unconfined compression were studied and verified by laboratory testing. The results showed that the end restraint effect of the cylinder increased with the decrease of the height-to-diameter ratio and the increase of the Poisson ratio. When the end surface of the cylinder was constrained, the maximum tensile strain appeared in the middle of the cylindrical side; its value increased with the constraint effect, and greater loads were needed to make the same vertical displacement. The compressive strength derived from the current method would be too weak, and the compressive modulus of elasticity would be too great. If the end constraint was large, a small network crack first formed in the middle of the outer side of the cylinder, forming the double-tapered destruction. If the end face was weakly restrained, the cracks descended from the top to the bottom, and the specimens split.

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Xia, Wei, Erlei Bai, Jinyu Xu, and Gaojie Liu. "Experimental Study on the Strength and Deformation Characteristics of Concrete under True Triaxial Compression after Sulfate Attack." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (April 14, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5548313.

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To explore the mechanical properties of concrete under true triaxial static compressive load after sulfate attack, uniaxial static compression test and true triaxial static compression test at four stress ratios were carried out on concrete specimens immersed in 15% sulfate solution for 0–120 days by the integrated true triaxial static and dynamic load testing system, and the variation of performance indicators such as the strength and deformation of concrete under the coupling action of sulfate attack and complex stress state was analyzed. The results show that the uniaxial compressive strength of concrete increases at the beginning and then decreases with the increase of sulfate attack time and reaches the peak on the 30th day, with an increase rate of 16.57%; the strength of concrete under triaxial compression increases significantly, and the maximum triaxial compressive strength is 3.18 times of uniaxial compressive strength under the combination of 0-day sulfate attack and 0.2 : 0.8 stress ratio; and the deterioration of concrete under sulfate attack is more prominent at high confining pressure, and as the sulfate attack worsens, the sensitivity of triaxial compressive strength of concrete to lateral compressive stress is reduced. In conclusion, triaxial compression can significantly enhance the ductility of concrete by playing a role in restraining the deformation and cracking of concrete after sulfate attack.

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Liu, Shi, and Jinyu Xu. "Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Qinling Mountain Engineered Rocks during Pulse-Shaped SHPB Test." International Journal of Nonlinear Sciences and Numerical Simulation 16, no. 3-4 (June 1, 2015): 165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijnsns-2014-0039.

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AbstractIn order to study the dynamic compression mechanical properties of engineering rock under high strain rate （100~102 S−1）loads, dynamic compression tests of three common engineering rocks (marble, sandstone and granite) taken from the Qinling Mountain are studied subjected to five different kinds of shock air pressure using Φ 100 mm split Hopkinson pressure bar test system improved with purple copper waveform shaper. The dynamic compression stress-strain curves, dynamic compressive strength, peak strain, energy absorption rate and elastic modulus of three rocks variation with strain rate are researched. The dynamic compression failure modes under different strain rates are analyzed. Then the three-dimensional numerical simulations of waveform shaper shaping effects and stress wave propagation in the SHPB tests are carried out to reproduce the test results. The research results show that the dynamic compression stress-strain curves show certain discreteness, and there is an obvious rebound phenomenon after the peak. With the increase in strain rate, the dynamic compressive strength, peak strain and energy absorption rate are all in a certain degree of increase, but the elastic modulus have no obvious change trend. Under the same strain rate, the dynamic compressive strength of granite is greatest while of sandstone is least. With the increase in strain rate, the margin of increase in peak strain and energy absorption rate of granite is greatest while of sandstone is least. The failure modes of the sample experience a developing process from outside to inside with the increase of strain rate.

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Shimizu, Ichiro. "New Biaxial Compression Test Device for Metallic Materials with Reverse-Type Differential Rotary to Linear Conversion Mechanism." Applied Mechanics and Materials 83 (July 2011): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.83.141.

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New rotary to linear conversion mechanism named "reverse-type differential rotary to linear conversion mechanism (RDRLCM)" was invented for simultaneous achievement of large load capacity and precise displacement control, for compression test devices and press forming machines. The new mechanism was developed and incorporated as loading systems into an original biaxial compression test device, and thus, its fundamental performance was investigated. The results revealed that the loading system by the new rotary to linear conversion mechanism were able to generate compression force of about three times larger than that by a conventional feed-screw mechanism for the same input torque. In addition, the generated compressive force was maintained while the compressive motion was interrupted. These facts confirm the advantage to use RDRLCM for compression test devices as well as for press forming machines.

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Hastuty, Ika Puji. "Comparison of the Use of Cement, Gypsum, and Limestone on the Improvement of Clay through Unconfined Compression Test." Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum 5, no. 2 (May 17, 2019): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jcef.43792.

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Soil stabilization is an effort to improve soil properties by adding additives in the soil to increase the soil strength and maintain the shear strength of the soil. There are many materials which can be used as stabilizers. The materials used in this study were cement, gypsum, and limestone, then the compressive strength values were compared by using the Unconfined Compression Test (UCT). The mixture combinations used in this study were 1% to 10% of cement, gypsum, and limestone on clay by curing for 14 days. The compressive strength value resulted from the unconfined compression test on the original soil sample was 1.4 kg/cm2. The original soil was classified as moderately sensitive soil because the sensitivity value of the original soil was 2. After being stabilized with various mixtures of cement, gypsum, and limestone, soil stabilization using cement obtained the maximum unconfined compressive strength value is 3.681 kg/cm2 in the mixture of 10%. Similarly, the soil stabilization using limestone and gypsum also obtained its maximum unconfined compressive strength value in the mixture of 10% is 3.307 kg/cm2 and 2.975 kg/cm2, respectively.

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Brandão, Letícia, Gelson Luis Adabo, Luís Geraldo Vaz, and José Roberto Cury Saad. "Compressive strength and compressive fatigue limit of conventional and high viscosity posterior resin composites." Brazilian Oral Research 19, no. 4 (December 2005): 272–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1806-83242005000400007.

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The purpose of this study was to compare the compressive strengths and compressive fatigue limits of three posterior composite resins (Filtek P-60, Surefil and Prodigy Condensable) and a universal restorative composite (Z-100). Cylindrical specimens (8 mm in length x 4 mm in diameter) were used. The dynamic test was performed using the staircase method, and the ratio between compressive fatigue limit and compressive resistance was also calculated (n = 15). The compressive strength and compressive fatigue limit data were analyzed by Anova and Tukey’s test. The Z-100 composite demonstrated higher compression strength (307.20 MPa) than Surefil (266.93 MPa) and Prodigy Condensable (222.08 MPa). The resistance of Filtek P-60 (270.44 MPa) was similar to the resistances of Z-100 and Surefil, while Prodigy Condensable presented the lowest compressive strength. In the compressive fatigue limit tests, Filtek P-60 demonstrated a higher value (184.20 MPa) than Prodigy Condensable (155.50 MPa). Surefil (165.74 MPa) and Z-100 (161.22 MPa) presented limits similar to those of Filtek P-60 and Prodigy Condensable. The compressive fatigue limit/compressive strength ratio was 70.01% for Prodigy Condensable, 68.11% for Filtek P-60, 62.09% for Surefil and 52.48% for Z-100. It was concluded that the Z-100 universal composite was more sensitive to the dynamic test than the high viscosity materials.

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Silva, W. R. L. da, L. R. Prudencio Jr, and A. L. de Oliveira. "Probe penetration test applied for evaluating shotcrete compressive strength." Revista IBRACON de Estruturas e Materiais 5, no. 3 (June 2012): 362–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1983-41952012000300007.

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This study presents a methodology for evaluating shotcrete compressive strength. Because of the high surface roughness and low thickness of the concrete layer observed in shotcrete structures, the proposed methodology is based on the probe penetration test. In a first phase, the variability of the probe penetration test was investigated to define the number of tests that are required to characterise the test correlation curve. Then, a procedure that can be applied to define the correlation curve was described. This procedure includes the moulding of shotcrete plates in loco, the control of the discharge energy of the pins, the extraction of the plates' samples to determine the concrete compressive strength, and statistical analysis. With the test correlation curve, an evaluation of the structure and data analysis can be performed. To verify the applicability of the proposed methodology, the structure of a shotcrete tunnel in a small hydropower plant was investigated. In the analysed structure, strength results that were non-compliant with the project specifications and a lack of concrete homogeneity were observed. Since the analysed methodology allowed for the characterisation of the considered structure conditions, the proposed solution is adequate for evaluating the compression strength of shotcrete structures.

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Zhang, Li Min, Zhi Jun Li, Qing Jia, Guang Wei Li, and Wen Feng Huang. "Uniaxial Compressive Strengths of Artificial Freshwater Ice." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 4634–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.4634.

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The uniaxial compression test was performed on artificial freshwater ice with a precise control-temperature unit compression tester of ice under -5, -10, -15, -20 and-30°C temperatures and strain rates ranging from 10-8 to 10-2 s-1. The loading direction was parallel to ice surface. The results showed that the compressive strength was very sensitive to the strain-rate. The uniaxial compressive strengths reached the maximum value at the ductile-brittle transition region, and the region was gradually close to the lower strain-rate with the decreasing temperature of test. Both the strain-rate and uniaxial compressive strength dependences could be expressed in terms of power function in the relevant ductile range of strain-rate. The tests also revealed that failure stress of ice increases with decreasing of temperature at the same strain rate.

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Yuan, Yong, Jianhui Luo, and Haitao Yu. "Experimental Study on Vertical Shear Behaviors of an Immersion Joint with Steel Shear Keys." Applied Sciences 9, no. 23 (November 23, 2019): 5056. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9235056.

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The vertical shear behaviors of an immersion joint with steel shear keys subjected to multidirectional loads are investigated in this paper. An experiment of an immersion joint model is carried out. Two kinds of compression–shear tests of the joint are considered in this experiment. The first kind of compression–shear test applies a specific vertical shear load and five different levels of longitudinal compressive loads on the joint. An additional compression–vertical shear destruction test is also conducted under the minimum longitudinal compressive load, wherein the vertical shear load is incrementally increased until failure of the joint. The other kind of compression–shear test is a bidirectional shear test, in which both the longitudinal compressive load and the transverse shear load are fixed, and the vertical shear load is gradually increased until reaching a target value. The results show that the shear force–displacement curves of the joint in any loading case can be divided into two stages: a non-linear development stage and a quasi-linear development stage. The vertical shear stiffness of the joint is found to increase with increasing longitudinal compressive load, and the existence of a transverse shear load enhances this effect. The ultimate shear capacity of the joint is smaller than the sum of the shear capacities of all vertical steel keys. In addition, the failure of the joint appears at the shear key on one sidewall of the joint.

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Gu, Xin, Shu Chang Sun, Mao Xing Xu, and Yi Liang Peng. "Experimental Study on Compressive Property of Steel Fiber Recycled Mortar Porous Brick Masonry." Key Engineering Materials 853 (July 2020): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.853.109.

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From the compression test of steel fiber recycled mortar porous brick masonry, it was researched the effects of different amounts of steel fiber and recycled fine aggregate on compressive strength, failure morphology, elastic modulus, stress-strain law and Poisson's ratio performance. The test value is compared with the calculation formula of ordinary mortar porous brick given in GB 50003-2011.The test showed that the steel fiber recycled mortar porous brick masonry had better compressive strength and deformability.

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Abuobaid, Ahmad, Raja Ganesh, and John W. Gillespie. "Investigation of the axial compressive behavior of Kevlar fibers using the dynamic loop test." Textile Research Journal 89, no. 18 (January 6, 2019): 3825–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517518821898.

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A dynamic loop test method for measuring strain rate-dependent fiber properties was developed. During dynamic loop testing, the fiber ends are accelerated at constant levels of 20.8, 50 and 343 m/s2. The test method is used to study Kevlar® KM2-600, which fails in axial compression due to kink band formation. The compressive failure strain and strain rate at the onset of kink band formation is calculated from the critical loop diameter ( D C), which is monitored throughout the test using a high-speed camera. The results showed that compressive failure strain increases with strain rates from quasi-static to a maximum strain rate of 116 s−1 by a factor of ∼3. Kink angles (φ) and kink band spacing ( D S) were 60 ° ± 2 ° and 16 ± 3 μm, respectively, over the strain rates tested. Rate-dependent mechanisms of compressive failure by kink band formation were discussed.

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Zhang, Hao, Hong Nan Li, Min Li, and Jia Xin Tong. "Dynamic Compressive Test and Rate-Dependent Constitutive Model of Microconcrete." Applied Mechanics and Materials 353-356 (August 2013): 1796–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.353-356.1796.

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The dynamic compressive tests of microconcrete were carried out under the strain rate of seismic action. Based on test results, the rate-dependent compressive constitutive model of microconcrete was proposed. In order to verify the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed constitutive model, the dynamic compressive tests of microconcrete were simulated by finite element software ABAQUS. Results show that the dynamic compressive strength and elastic modulus of microconcrete increase with the increasing strain rate. There was no obvious change on strain at peak stress. The compressive stress-strain curves of microconcrete were similar to concrete. The results of numerical simulation approximately agree with test results. The proposed constitutive model can simulate the dynamic compressive property of microconcrete very well.

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Li, Yeou-Fong, Wai-Keong Sio, and Ying-Kuan Tsai. "A Compressive Peak Strength Model for CFRP-Confined Thermal Insulation Materials under Elevated Temperature." Materials 13, no. 1 (December 19, 2019): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13010026.

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In this paper, a compressive peak strength model for CFRP-confined thermal insulation materials under elevated temperature was proposed. The thermal insulation material was made by Portland cement with different portions of perlite. The compressive strengths of four different perlite ratios in weight, such as 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% of thermal insulation materials, confined by one-layer, two-layer, and three-layer carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite materials, were obtained. The test results indicated that the specimen’s compressive strength decreased with an increase in the amount of perlite replacement and increased with an increase in the number of CFRP wrapping layers. Based on the test results, a theoretical compressive peak strength model with some parameters was proposed. In the meantime, the compressive strengths of the above four different perlite ratios of thermal insulation materials under elevated temperature, such as ambient temperature, 100 °C, 150 °C, 200 °C, 250 °C, and 300 °C, were obtained. For compression tests of specimens with a fixed amount of perlite, the test results indicated that the specimen’s compressive strength decreased with an increase in temperature, highlighting a thermal softening phenomenon. Based on the test results, a compressive peak strength model with a thermal softening parameter was proposed to predict the peak strength under elevated temperature. Finally, a compressive peak strength model for thermal insulation material with CFRP confinement under different elevated temperature was derived, and it achieved acceptable results in comparison to the experimental results.

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Das, B. M., S. C. Yen, and R. N. Dass. "Brazilian tensile strength test of lightly cemented sand." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 32, no. 1 (February 1, 1995): 166–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t95-013.

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Tensile stress – tensile strain relationships for lightly cemented sand specimens obtained by conducting Brazilian tensile strength tests have been presented. The tensile strain measurement was done by using an optical image analysis technique. In addition to the tensile strength tests, some unconfined compression tests on sand specimens with varying cement contents were also performed. Based on the results of the above tests, a nondimensional tensile stress – tensile strain relationship has been presented. Also the variation of the tensile and compressive strength and strain ratios with varying cement contents have been discussed. Key words : lightly cemented sand, optical image analysis, tensile strain, tensile strength, unconfined compression strength.

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32

Zhi, Chao, and Hai Ru Long. "Investigation on Compression Properties of Syntactic Foam Reinforced by Warp Knitted Spacer Fabric." Advanced Materials Research 1095 (March 2015): 531–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1095.531.

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The study aimed to investigate the compression behaviors of syntactic foam reinforced by warp knitted spacer fabric (SF-WKSF). Two kinds of SF-WKSF samples were prepared with warp knitted spacer fabric (WKSF) of different surface layer structures. The compression tests were carried out by MTS 810 material test system and the compression properties of SF-WKSF were analyzed based on its compressive stress–strain curves and modulus values obtained from test results. It is indicated that the surface layer structure of WKSF has significant effects on the compression performance of SF-WKSF, the SF-WKSF made with denser surface layer structure shows higher compressive modulus and yield strength compared to neat syntactic foam (NSF).

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33

Xie, Bing, Li Guo, and Xiang Xia. "Numerical Study on Uniaxial Compression Test of Rock Specimen with Random Holes." Advanced Materials Research 418-420 (December 2011): 848–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.418-420.848.

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Numerical specimens with ramdom holes is established by particle flow code PFC2D and uniaxial compression tests are conducted. Studies have shown that the uniaxial compressive strength of the specimen accelerated decline while the porosity increasing uniformly. With the increasing of the porosity，the plastic of the specimen increases.

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34

Deng, Mingke, Jian Han, Haibo Liu, Meng Qin, and Xingwen Liang. "Analysis of Compressive Toughness and Deformability of High Ductile Fiber Reinforced Concrete." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/384902.

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The compressive toughness evaluation index of HDC (high ductile fiber reinforced concrete) is studied through three groups of uniaxial compressive tests of HDC specimens with different fiber mixing amounts, and an equivalent analysis of their deformability is carried out, coming to the following conclusion:(1)the peak strain of HDC under uniaxial compression can be up to 3.41~3.67 times as large as that of the mortar matrix;(2)the equivalent compressive toughness index reflects the unit volume deformation energy of specimens under uniaxial compression and it can be used as the compressive toughness evaluation index of HDC;(3)the fiber bridging effect of HDC increases the equivalent compressive toughness index and the compressive deformability up to 3 times of the mortar matrix;(4)the relationship between the equivalent compressive toughness indexWcu0.85and the fiber mixing amountφis established according to the test results; and(5)the fiber bridging effect of the matrix in HDC can be equaling as a large number of constraint stirrups installed in the specimens, which significantly enhances the compressive toughness and the compressive deformability of specimens.

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35

Daozheng, Qi, Gu Cong, Fu Jiajia, and Wang Yao. "Experimental study on the strength of silty soft soil in beach with polypropylene fiber reinforcement." Science Journal Innovation Technologies Transfer, no. 2020-2 (September 28, 2020): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.36381/iamsti.2.2020.10-17.

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The effects of polypropylene fiber reinforcement on shear strength and unconfined compressive strength of silty soft soil in tidal flats were studied. Through shear test and unconfined compression test, Experimental study was conducted on silty soft soil of allene fiber reinforced beach with 0~0.6% different mass content and 3 ~18m different length. The failure process and mechanism of fiber reinforced soil samples were also discussed. The test results show that: Shear strength (cohesion and internal friction Angle) and unconfined compressive strength increased rapidly in the early stage with the increase of fiber content, and gradually decreased after reaching the peak at a certain content. In this test, the optimal fiber length corresponding to shear strength is 9mm. When the content is less than 0.6%, the optimal content of cohesion is about 0.2%, and the optimal content corresponding to the Angle of internal friction is between 0.2% and 0.3%. Within the range of 18mm fiber length in the experimental study, unconfined compressive strength increased with the increase of fiber length, and the optimal fiber content corresponding to unconfined compressive strength was 0.2%. The main effects of polypropylene fiber reinforcement on soil cohesion and unconfined compressive strength are not obvious.

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36

Ullah, Ahad, and Atiqur Rahman Alvi. "Estimate the Compressive and Flexural Strength Test of Natural and Recycle Concrete Aggregate." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-2, Issue-3 (April 30, 2018): 1329–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd10781.

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37

Voinov, S. I., I. V. Zelenina, M. I. Valueva, and I. N. Gulyaev. "Determination of the compression test method for high temperature-resistant carbon fiber reinforced plastics." Voprosy Materialovedeniya, no. 3(103) (November 30, 2020): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22349/1994-6716-2020-103-3-103-113.

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The article presents the results of studies of carbon fiber reinforced plastic VS-51/VTkU-2.200. The influence of the thickness of the specimens and the size of working gage on the compressive strength of carbon fiber reinforced plastic specimens was evaluated; tests were done in accordance with different standards. The results of compression strength tests at high temperature (300–320°С) are given: carbon fiber reinforced plastic VS-51/VTkU-2.200 shows high heat resistance and keeps compressive strength at high temperature tests. Carbon fiber reinforced plastic VS-51/VTkU-2.200 is of increasing interest for application in aircraft structural parts requiring high temperature resistance.

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38

Hou, Wei, Guan Lin, Xiaomeng Li, Pandeng Zheng, and Zixiong Guo. "Compressive behavior of steel spiral confined engineered cementitious composites in circular columns." Advances in Structural Engineering 23, no. 14 (June 15, 2020): 3075–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433220928528.

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Extensive research has been conducted on the uniaxial tensile and compressive behavior of engineered cementitious composites. Despite the high tensile ductility and high toughness of engineered cementitious composites, transverse steel reinforcement is still necessary for high-performance structural members made of engineered cementitious composites. However, very limited research has been concerned with the compressive behavior of steel-confined engineered cementitious composites. This article presents the results of axial compression tests on a series of circular engineered cementitious composite columns confined with steel spirals. The test variables included the engineered cementitious composite compressive strength, the spiral pitch, and the spiral yield stress. The test results show that steel-confined engineered cementitious composites in the test columns exhibited a very ductile behavior; the steel spiral confinement contributed effectively to the enhancement of both strength and ductility of engineered cementitious composites. The test results were then interpreted by comparing them with the predictions from some existing models. It was found that the existing models previously developed for confined concrete failed to predict the compressive strength of steel-confined engineered cementitious composites with sufficient accuracy. New fitting equations for the compressive properties of steel-confined engineered cementitious composites were then obtained on the basis of the test results of this study as well as those from an existing study.

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39

Li, Zong Zhan, Jun Lin Tao, and Yi Li. "Experimental Research on Acoustic Emission of Granite under Uniaxial Compression and Splitting Tensile." Applied Mechanics and Materials 232 (November 2012): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.232.24.

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This paper makes the acoustic emission of granite under uniaxial compression and splitting tensile test by electro-hydraulic testing machine and AE .We studied the relationship of uniaxial compressive strength and splitting tensile strength with the loading rate and AE characteristics of granite .The results show that uniaxial compressive strength and peak strain raise with loading rate, the AE energy gradually increases and get maximum in the 30% of the peak stress in the process of uniaxial compression test, and in the splitting tensile AE energy generates in the initial loading and gets maximum when the granite brittle fracture.

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40

Bobba, Sujith, Z. Leman, SM Sapuan, and ES Zainudin. "Analysis on the Impact Behaviors of E and S-glass Composite Elbow Pipe Joints Exposed to Impact Loading Followed by Axial Compression." International Journal of Manufacturing, Materials, and Mechanical Engineering 9, no. 3 (July 2019): 14–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijmmme.2019070102.

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This article investigates the effects of impact and compressive behaviors of impacted E-glass/epoxy and S-glass/epoxy composite elbow pipe joints. In a bid to measure the transverse impact and residual compressive strength, the composite elbow pipe joints were subjected to impact test at room temperature, followed by the axial compression test. Moreover, various impact energy levels of 10, 12.5, and 15 J were utilized to test the elbow pipe joints using an instrumented impact testing machine at room temperature. Results indicated that the force–deflection behavior and failure mechanism was more than impact energy with the type of material used. Compressive strength commonly decreases with the increase in the impact energy and the type of material used.

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41

Yasun, Azhar Sadiq. "Capability of Pocket Penetrometer to Evaluate Unconfined Compressive Strength of Baghdad Clayey Soil." Al-Nahrain Journal for Engineering Sciences 21, no. 1 (February 10, 2018): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.29194/njes21010066.

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Unconfined compressive strength represents an important parameter for soil investigation report test results because the values of cohesion and allowable bearing capacity can directly obtained from the relevant test especially if the clayey soil layers are found at sufficient enough depth above water table level. This paper deals with simple comparison (based on (31) soil samples) between unconfined compressive strength (qu) obtained by using the pocket soil penetrometer tool and the unconfined compressive strength using the conventional test for the same sample penetrated by the pocket penetrometer with different soil moisture contents. Two triaxial specimens, sample type-1- with dimensions 38 X 79mm and type-2- with dimensions 33 X 79mm(diam. X height)) prepared in the libratory. It was found that the results refers that soil pocket penetrometer readings are closed enough to the results that obtained from the unconfined compression test result with certain conditions. The average percentage of difference between penetrometer readings and unconfined compression test result values was (1.103%) for sample type-1- and (1.53%) for sample type -2-. The maximum moisture content for all tests samples was (27.3%) and the minimum was (14.7%) while the average moisture content was(20.9%).

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42

Qu, Tian Jiao, Xi Tao Zheng, and Di Zhang. "Numerical Simulation of Compressive Residual Strength for Damaged Composite Laminates." Key Engineering Materials 525-526 (November 2012): 385–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.525-526.385.

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After the low-velocity impact test of composite laminates of T800/BA9916, CAI test and compression test of laminates with a hole have been carried out. Two types of models were set up by the finite element software ABAQUS respectively. The FEA results were good agreement with the testing results. The investigation of models with a hole indicates that the appearance time of ultimate compressive load is earlier than that of fiber breakage expanding to boundary. Moreover, the diameter and the depth of blind hole significantly influence the ultimate compressive load.

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43

Kozey, Victor V., Hao Jiang, Vinay R. Mehta, and Satish Kumar. "Compressive behavior of materials: Part II. High performance fibers." Journal of Materials Research 10, no. 4 (April 1995): 1044–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1995.1044.

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The primary focus of this paper is on the axial compression behavior of high performance polymeric and carbon fibers. Seven test methods used for determining the compressive strength of single fibers have been reviewed. Various micromechanical models proposed in the literature to understand the compressive failure in single filaments and in other anisotropic systems have been discussed and analyzed. The results of various approaches to influence the compressive strength of polymeric fibers have been summarized. Possible reasons for the variation in the compressive strength of pitch and PAN-based carbon fibers have also been addressed.

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44

Gamen, Andra, Gianina Iovan, Simona Stoleriu, Galina Pancu, Irina Nica, Andrei Georgescu, Ionut Taraboanta, and Sorin Andrian. "Evaluation of Mechanical Parameters at Compression Test for Different Restorative Composite Resins." Materiale Plastice 56, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 592–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/mp.19.3.5235.

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The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the mechanical parameters at compression tests for two different restorative composite resins. The materials here under study were: Gradia Direct (GC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) and Filtek Ultimate Universal Restorative, (3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA). 30 cylindrical samples, 15 for each material, with a thickness of 6 mm and a diameter of 5 mm, were made. The compression behavior at mechanical tests for each sample was analyzed. One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test followed by Paired Samples t-Test was used for statistical analysis and determining the level of significance. Gradia Direct had a lower value of Young�s modulus than Filtek Ultimate Universal Restorative, the results being statistically significant (p = 0.001 [ 0.05). The comparative evaluation of the compressive strength did not reveal statistically significant results between the two materials (p = 0.098 ] 0,05). Regarding the compressive strain the values were significantly lower for Filtek Ultimate Universal Restorative (p=0.000 [ 0.05). The microhybrid composite evaluated in the present study proved to have better mechanical properties than the nanofilled composite.

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45

Kažimírová, Viera, Ľubomír Kubík, and Štefan Mihina. "Evaluation of Properties of Pellets Made of Swine Manure." Acta Technologica Agriculturae 23, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ata-2020-0022.

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AbstractThis paper deals with assessment of density, moisture content and mechanical properties of pellets made of dry swine manure utilizing pellet production line MGL 200. Pellets were subsequently subjected to compressive loading test. Furthermore, the values obtained were measured by means of device Andilog Stentor 1000 and compression diagrams were plotted. In terms of compressive strength, pellet type 1 showed value of 10.47 MPa; pellet type 2 showed value of 6.24 MPa. Considering the elasticity modulus, pellet type 1 showed value of 122.39 MPa; pellet type 2 showed value of 71.12 MPa. Other observed properties included force necessary for 10% compression strain; force in the first maximum of force-strain curve; force in the inflection point of the force-time curve. Results obtained from compressive loading test provide a basis for innovations in pellet production utilizing materials other than wood biomass.

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46

Wang, Haiying, Xinping Wang, Chao Wang, and Jian Xu. "Concrete Compression Test Data Estimation Based on a Wavelet Neural Network Model." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2019 (February 11, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4952036.

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Firstly, a genetic algorithm (GA) and simulated annealing (SA) optimized fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm (FCM) was proposed in this paper, which was developed to allow for a clustering analysis of the massive concrete cube specimen compression test data. Then, using an optimized error correction time series estimation method based on the wavelet neural network (WNN), a concrete cube specimen compressive strength test data estimation model was constructed. Taking the results of cluster analysis as data samples, the short-term accurate estimation of concrete quality was carried out. It was found that the mean absolute percentage error, e1, and the root mean square error, e2, for the samples were 6.03385% and 3.3682KN, indicating that the proposed method had higher estimation accuracy and was suitable for concrete compressive test data short-term quality estimations.

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47

Yu, Hai Chen, Li Jun Sun, Li Ping Liu, and Lu Jia. "Pavement Performance of Cold Recycling Sulphur Asphalt Mixture with Emulsified Asphalt." Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (May 2011): 3287–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.3287.

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In order to investigate the pavement performance of cold recycling sulphur asphalt mixture with emulsified asphalt, freezing and thawing test, rutting test,shear test,bending test, fatigue test and compression test were carried out.Results showed emulsified asphalt cold recycling sulfur asphalt mixture possessed an excellent high temperature stability, as RAP content increased,the splitting and compressive strength,shear strength,compressive modulus of resilience,low temperature crack resistance,fatigue performance all gradually reduced.When sulphur content of asphalt mixture RAP is less than 70%, cold recycling sulfur asphalt mixture can meet the demand of road base; when the sulphur content of asphalt mixture RAP is less than 50%, the mixture can meet the demand of the bottom layer of asphalt pavement.

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48

Wee, Lee Siong, Oh Chai Lian, and Mohd Raizamzamani Md Zain. "Evaluation of the Design Mix Proportion on Mechanical Properties of Engineered Cementitious Composites." Key Engineering Materials 775 (August 2018): 589–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.775.589.

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This paper investigates the mechanical properties of engineered cementitious composites (ECC) in terms of compressive strength and flexural behaviour. A new version of ECC made of cement, ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS), local sand, polypropylene (PP) fibers, water and superplasticizer (SP) was employed in this study. Few series of ECC mixtures were designed, cast, and tested in compression and flexural after 28 days of curing. The effect of the fiber content and sand content were studied in different cement-GGBS combination. Compression test results indicated that all ECC mixtures obtained at least 1.8 times compressive strength compared to normal concrete. They also demonstrated more ductile flexural behavior compared to normal concrete from three-point bending test. Increasing fiber content from 1.5% to 2.0% and 2.5% has negative effect on compressive strength but significantly improved modulus of toughness of ECC mixtures. The compressive strength of ECC was reduced when the sand to binder ratio adjusted to 0.4 and 0.6. The flexural behaviour of ECC was slightly improved with the increasing of sand content.

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Xie, Bing, Jin Jun Guo, and Xiang Xia. "Influence of Loading Rate on Uniaxial Compression Test of Rock Specimen with Random Joints." Advanced Materials Research 396-398 (November 2011): 217–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.396-398.217.

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Numerical specimens with ramdom joints is established by particle flow code PFC2D and uniaxial compression tests are conducted under three different loading rate. Studies have shown that strength of uniaxial compression are all increased with the loading rate no matter what specimen is complete or with random joints. The sensitivity of changes of uniaxial compressive strength of specimen with random joints decreases with increasing of the loading rate.

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50

Zhang, Ji Liang, and Chang Hong Li. "Study on Acoustic Emission and Failure Modes of Rock in Uniaxial Compression Test." Advanced Materials Research 261-263 (May 2011): 1393–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.261-263.1393.

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Based on uniaxial compression test, the mechanical properties and acoustic emission characteristics of rock had been obtained, including the relationship between AE and time, AE and stress level, and so on, in the whole process of rock failure. Research shows AE rate of rock has the subparagraph features obviously. There are three obvious AE sections for the higher strength elastic-brittle rock: First section is compaction stage, corresponding stress is 10% of compressive strength of rock; Second section is crack-development stage, corresponding stress is 80% of compressive strength; Third section is rupture stage, corresponding stress is the compressive strength. Furthermore, AE signals for the rupture stage is strongest. The law is still correct in cycle loading conditions. However, the subparagraph phenomenon isn’t clear for elastic-plastic rock, and the AE peak is lagging behind the ultimate strength of rock, the AE signal in the decline stage of strength is the most intensive and strong. The lagging phenomenon is due to X-shear rupture model of soft rock. The significant stress concentration in cone tip between the two relative extrusion cones leads to local rock broken seriously. Then, many acoustic signals have been observed.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Compressive test'

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