Relevant bibliographies by topics / Compressor plant

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Compressor plant'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 28 May 2022
Last updated: 18 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Compressor plant"

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Glinscaya, Anna, Vadim Tynchenko, Oksana Kukartseva, Elena Suprun, and Alena Nizameeva. "Comparative analysis of compressed air production equipment." E3S Web of Conferences 549 (2024): 05009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202454905009.

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In this paper the main devices for the production of compressed air - compressors are considered. The text describes their classification according to the principle of operation and principles of operation, which shows one of the principle air circuits of the compressor system with an electric circuit control of the electric drive of the compressor on ships with the complex automation of the power plant. And also in our work provides a comparison of different models of bulk compressors to determine which compressors are needed for more comfortable and safe operation. Consequently, they noted the main advantages and disadvantages of the models under consideration. I would also like to note that compressors and compression equipment are used everywhere. It is used in all branches of industry, in construction work, car repair, food production, agriculture, as well as in any other activities of the modern man. Learn how compress or sand compression equipment work.
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Abdillah, Muhammad, Mukhnizar Mukhnizar, Risal Abu, Afdal Afdal, and Zulkarnain Zulkarnain. "Analisis Kinerja Kompressor Screw Oil Injected Sullair Ls20-150h untuk Ash Handling (Study Kasus PLTU Teluk Sirih)." Jurnal Teknik Industri Terintegrasi 7, no. 1 (2024): 468–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31004/jutin.v7i1.25494.

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PLTU Teluk Sirih is a coal-fired steam power plant as an energy source that produces ash with a capacity of 2 . The compressor is a medium for transferring ash by using compressed air. The compressor used is a SCREEW OIL INJECTED SULLAIR LS20-150H compressor. Currently there is a decrease in performance on the compressor, which initially had a compression ratio of 1,600 Psia, polytropic head 14,500,599, capacity 10,938,438, flow rate 11,379,622 lb/s, efficiency 98.5%. After analyzing this compressor, the data obtained was a compression ratio of 1,540 Psia, polytropic head 13,805,166, capacity 10,950,733, flow rate 11,392,412, and efficiency of 95.3%. The reason is because the compressor room area does not have an active blower so that dirt/ash stuck to the radiator fins causes heat transfer to be hampered and this greatly affects the performance of the compressor parts to work optimally
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Khatamova, D. N., and E. U. Yuldashev. "TEMPERATURE OF THE COMPRESSOR SUCTION AIR AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE EFFICIENT OPERATION OF THE COMPRESSOR UNIT." American Journal of Applied Science and Technology 3, no. 10 (2023): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ajast/volume03issue10-03.

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The climatic conditions of Uzbekistan are characterized by relatively long summers with air temperature of 40-45 0C and higher, which is the reason of significant heating of air suctioned by compressor. Increase in temperature and corresponding decrease inair density contributes to 8-10% decrease in compressor unit productivity, leading to significant economic losses in the process of compressed air production. By means of artificial cooling of suction air at the inlet to the compressor unit it is possible to increase the energy efficiency of operation of the mine reciprocating compressor unit.The effectiveness of artificial air temperature reduction depends on the amount of temperature reduction and the type of plant drive, as well as on the purpose -toreduce the specific electric energy consumption for compression or to increase the capacity of the reciprocating compressor.
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Darmanto, Seno, and Muhammad Fahrudin. "ANALISA KINERJA CNG COOLER PADA SISTEM CNG PLANT." Gema Teknologi 21, no. 2 (2021): 91–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/gt.v21i2.17963.

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CNG Cooler is a heat exchanger in CNG Plant System which has function to reduce CNG temperature. CNG (Compressed Natural Gas) is natural gas which compressed by gas compressor from normal pressure up to certain high pressure. CNG Plant is gas storage and supply facility for PLTGU when it work at peak load hours. CNG Cooler reduce temperature of CNG which out from gas compressor before saved in storage utility which purpose to avoid over heating in the next process, increase durability of the next process utility, and make gas storage utility design easy.
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Kalashnikov, Dmitriy, Yuriy Borisov, and Elizaveta Kalashnikova. "Natural gas intracyclic attachment for energy generating unit based on gas turbine plant." E3S Web of Conferences 114 (2019): 06004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911406004.

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In this article, problems of effectiveness increasing in complex power supply are considered. Disadvantages of centralized power engineering and advantages of power engineering capabilities organization in immediate consumer proximity are presented. Consumer needs satisfaction in electricity, heat supply and cold supply are offered to be realized by conversion of district and quarter boiler houses to trigeneration stations, which are based on gas turbine plants units. In this research, solutions of problem related to lack of fuel gas pressure for gas turbine engine power, which is included in gas turbine plant of trigeneration stations, are suggested. As a result, after considering possible variants of fuel gas pressure increasing, it was decided that there is a perspective of using fuel gas intracyclic compression attachment. Its operating principle involves organization of main steam extraction in heat cycle for booster compressor drive, which compresses fuel gas before its transfer to combustor of gas turbine plant. Results of gas compressor and drive steam turbine design are presented. These parts are included in fuel gas intracyclic compression attachment in specific unit of gas turbine plant. Also, general recommendations about new compressor and turbine stages design for any other units of gas turbine plant are pointed. Further, in the article, two variants of thermal circuit, based on gas turbine plant, are suggested. The first one is a circuit with hot water boiler, where exhaust gas recuperation after turbine is carried out for producing steam, related to fuel gas intracyclic compression attachment demands, and heat system water heating for consumer heat supply system. The second variant involves development of typical gas turbine plant unit in power station with exhaust boiler. There fuel gas intracyclic compression attachment is activated by steam work after exhaust boiler. Then, variants of diagram are compared between each other. Also advantages and disadvantages each of them are considered.
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Percembli (Chelmuș), Adalia Andreea, Arthur Dupuy, Lavinia Grosu, Daniel Dima, and Alexandru Dobrovicescu. "Exergetic Analysis and Design of a Mechanical Compression Stage—Application for a Cryogenic Air Separation Plant." Entropy 27, no. 5 (2025): 532. https://doi.org/10.3390/e27050532.

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This study focuses on the compression area of a cryogenic air separation unit (ASU). The mechanism of exergy consumption in the compressor was revealed. The influence of the compression ratio and of the isentropic efficiency per stage give arguments for proper choice of these decisional parameters. For the purchase cost of the compressor, an exergoeconomic correlation based on the exergetic product represented by the compression ratio and the isentropic efficiency as the Second Law coefficient of performance was used instead of the common thermo-economic one based only on the cost of materials. The impact of the suction temperature on the compressor operating performance is shown, making the gap between the compression stage and the associated intercooler. After optimization of the global system, a specific exergy destruction is assigned to each inter-stage compression cooler. To fit this optimum exergy consumption, a design procedure for the inter-stages and final coolers based on the number of heat transfer units (NTU-ε) method and the number of exergy units destroyed (NEUD) is shown. Graphs are provided that make the application of the method straightforward and much easier to use compared to the usual logarithmic mean temperature difference. A 25% increase in the compression ratio per stage leads to a decrease in the exergy efficiency of 3%, while the purchase cost of the compressor rises by 80%. An increase in the isentropic efficiency of the compressor from 0.7 to 0.85 leads to an increase in the exergetic performance coefficient of 21%, while the compressor purchase cost triples.
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Niccolini Marmont Du Haut Champ, Carlo Alberto, Paolo Silvestri, Federico Reggio, Mario Luigi Ferrari, and Aristide Fausto Massardo. "Early surge detection on a turbocharger used to pressurize a SOFC plant emulator." E3S Web of Conferences 414 (2023): 02008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202341402008.

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High-speed centrifugal compressors are commonly exploited to pressurize fuel cell-based hybrid energy systems. In such complex plants, because of significant interposed volumes due to fuel cells, dynamic compressor response can induce severe vibrations caused by low mass flow rates instability. In particular, surge strongly limits centrifugal compressors stable working region when moving towards low mass flow rate due to a change in system operating point. Consequently, a complete system identification is performed in order to adequately characterize compressor dynamic response for early surge detection. To this goal, a tailored experimental activity has been carried out at the Thermochemical Power Group of the University of Genoa on a vaneless diffuser compressor turbocharger used for the pressurization of an innovative solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) emulator plant. Several post-processing methods have been performed on system vibro-acoustic responses to better predict and classify compressor status as stable or unstable. The obtained results provide original diagnostic insights for monitoring systems capable of preventing surge and other low mass flow unstable phenomena, such as rotating stall cells inception. Low mass flow rate fluid-dynamic instabilities prevention can extend compressor operating range, performance, and reliability to allow better integration with other plant components.
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Kravchenko, M. A., T. A. Finochenko, and A. N. Chukarin. "Theoretical substantiation of the parameters of the vibration protection system for the workplaces of compressor plant operators." E3S Web of Conferences 458 (2023): 04024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202345804024.

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The compressor module includes two units – the compressor itself and the energy source, that is, the engine, which come in two types: electric motors for low-power compressors and internal combustion engines. It should also be noted that in almost all sections of compressor stations, sound pressure levels exceed the permissible standard values, and the greater is the power of the compressor unit, the higher is the noise level. The purpose of the carried out theoretical research is to substantiate the parameters of the vibration protection system of the service personnel workplaces.
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Jeхenov M.K.,, Ismagilov F.R.,, Akhmetov S.M.,, Diarov M., та Bektay Y.K.,. "UTILIZATION OF HYDROGEN SULFIDE-CONTAINING REFINERY FLARE GASЕS". SERIES CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY 5, № 443 (2020): 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2020.2518-1491.81.

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Modern oil refinery flare does not provide the beneficial use of discharged hydrocarbon gases and vapors, which does not allow to reduce the volume of hydrocarbon gas burned in flare candles and reduce atmospheric pollution. To ensure a stable and trouble-free operation of the flare plant and to increase the efficiency of waste gas utilization, their preliminary compression using mechanical or jet compressors and the construction of gas treatment plants are required. A low-cost method of utilizing hydrogen sulfide-containing refinery gas is proposed, including two-stage gas compression by a liquid-ring compressor using an alkanolamine aqueous solution as a working fluid in the first stage of compression, separation of the compressor of first stage compression to produce desulfurized gas, hydrocarbon condensate and an alkanolamine saturated hydrogen sulfide. In the second stage, the compression of the desulfurized gas is carried out by a liquid-ring compressor using a hydrocarbon absorbent as the working fluid, cooling and separation of the compress of the second stage of compression produce lean gas, water condensate and absorbate. The aqueous condensate is mixed with saturated hydrogen sulfide alkanolamine absorbent and taken out for regeneration, the hydrocarbon condensate is mixed with the absorbate to produce BFLH, and the lean gas is subjected to membrane separation to produce hydrogen and fuel gas. Application of the method can partially cover the needs of refineries in hydrogen by reducing its losses, as well as return gas and hydrocarbon fractions for processing or to the fuel network of the plant.
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Klimenko, A. V., V. S. Agababov, A. V. Koryagin, S. N. Petin, and P. N. Borisova. "USE OF EXPANDER-GENERATOR UNIT AT CHP OF METALLURGICAL PLANT FOR PRODUCING ELECTRIC POWER AND INCREASING EFFICIENCY OF COMPRESSOR." Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 62, no. 9 (2019): 698–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2019-9-698-704.

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The ability of saving energy in the production of compressed air is one of the most energy-consuming production in which much of the used energy is lost. The proposed technical solution is based on the united use of two energy-saving technologies. The first of them is the use of technological pressure drop of transported natural gas which lost irrevocably when it is throttled at gas control stations. The second one is air cooling before the compressor sections to reduce compression work. A scheme of a combined steam blowing and heat power plant of a metal manufacturer is proposed. In addition to a power and heat generating turbine and a two-section air compressor with a steamturbine drive, a two-stage expander-generator unit (EGU) producing electricity and cold is used. The thermodynamics of gas expansion processes in the expander is considered, the choice of a two-stage scheme is founded. The cold produced in the EGU is used to lower the air temperature at the inlet to the first and second sections of the compressor, thus reducing fuel consumption for air compression. Using the proposed scheme allows to reduce fuel consumption to the compressor drive, to use the heat of compressed air to preheat the transported gas before the steps of the expander and to generate additional electric power. At the same time, fuel is not used to generate electricity, and the heat of the cooled air is not discharged into the environment, therefore the plant operation is characterized by high environmental performance. The procedure for calculating of fuel economy when using the proposed scheme is given. The assessment has shown that the use of this scheme allows, under given conditions of calculation, to reduce fuel consumption at the combined heat power and steam blowing plant by 11.2 thousand tons of fuel equivalent per year, which is 0.84 %. The generated electric power of the EGU will be 5.3 MW.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Compressor plant"

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Chukanova, E. "Modelling of screw compressor plant operation under intermittent conditions." Thesis, City, University of London, 2016. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/15825/.

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Compressor plant frequently operates under unsteady conditions. This is due to pressure fluctuations, variable flow demand, or unsteady inlet conditions, as well as shaft speed variation. Also, following demand, compressor plants often work intermittently with frequent starts and stops. This may cause premature wear, decrease of compressor performance and even failure, which might cost millions of pounds to industry in downtime. However, there is still a lack of published data which describes intermittent plant behaviour, or predicts the effects of unsteady operation upon compressor plant performance. Thus, there appears to be a need to develop a mathematical model to calculate compressor plant performance during intermittent operating conditions and to verify this model with experimental data. Accordingly, this thesis describes an experimental and analytical study of screw compressor plant operating under unsteady conditions. For this purpose a one-dimensional model of the processes within a compressor was used, based on the differential equations of conservation of mass and energy, extended to include other plant components, such as storage tanks, control valves and connecting pipes. The model can simulate processes in both oil-free and oil-injected compressor plants during transient operation, including the effects of sudden changes in pressure, speed and valve area. Performance predictions obtained from the model gave good agreement with test results. This model can, therefore, be used to predict a variety of events, which may occur in everyday compressor plant operation.
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Курочкін, Валерій Борисович, Валерий Борисович Курочкин та Valerii Borysovych Kurochkin. "Диагностическая ценность признаков состояний передвижных компрессорных станций ВВ-32/8У3". Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2010. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/4383.

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Рутковский, Ю. А., Віктор Васильович Найчук, Виктор Васильевич Найчук та Viktor Vasylovych Naichuk. "Испытания быстроходной компрессорной установки 2ГМ10А-П-18/9-26 в режиме резонансного наддува". Thesis, Сумский государственный университет, 2014. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/40547.

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Для исследования влияния резонансного наддува на работу компрессора была испытана быстроходная компрессорная установка 2ГМ10А-П-18/9-26 [1]. Резонансный наддув возникает при совпадении собственной частоты пульсаций давления газа во всасывающем трубопроводе с частотой возмущающих импульсов компрессора при положении поршня в верхней мертвой точке.
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Santo, Luca. "AA-CAES physical modelling: integration of a 1D TES code and plant performance analysis." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Tillämpad kärnfysik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-360448.

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The focus of this thesis work was the development of an approachto couple a previosly existing Thermal Energy Storage (TES) modelwritten in C++ with a Simulink/Simscape plant model to simulate anAdvanced Adiabatic Compressed Air Energy Storage (AA-CAES) plant.After the creation and validation of such tool, the complete modelwas used to run simulations, with the aim of assessing the AA-CAESplant's performance under multiple patterns of charge anddischarge.Most of the works found in the literature only provide values ofstorage efficiency obtained from analytical approaches, whilethose that use simulation tools provide average values ofefficiencies when the plant is performing a series of identicalcycles of charge and discharge. During this thesis project,instead, simulations were performed for consecutive irregularcycles determined as the plant response to the electric grid powerrequest. The average efficiency values obtained provide thereforea better representation of how the plant would perform in realapplications.The results show that, under the assumptions made, the AA-CAESplant's overall storage efficiency is influenced very weakly byalterations of the charge-discharge patterns, and that goodperformances can be expected not only for identical chargedischargeconsucutive cycles, but for any pattern that observesthe cavern pressure limits, as long as the thermal energy storageis sized wisely.In addition, a sensitivity analysis was performed in order toassess the influence of turbomachinery efficiency on overallstorage efficiency, for a specified plant layout. The results showthat the turbine efficiency is the most affecting parameter to theplant's performance, while the impact of the main compressors'sinefficiency is mitigated by the thermal recovery that takes placein the TES.The present work confirms that AA-CAES is a promising technologyand that storage efficiencies above 70% can be achieved even inrealistic production scenarios.Finally, future steps for more accurate simulations of plants'performances and more detailed energy production scenarios areproposed.MSc ET 18007Examinator: Joakim WidénÄmnesgranskare: Ane HåkanssonHandledare:
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Соколов, Сергій Вікторович, Сергей Викторович Соколов, Serhii Viktorovych Sokolov та О. М. Соловйов. "Оптимізація системи управління компресорної установки". Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2015. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/40965.

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Сучасний етап розвитку техніки вимагає оптимізації компресорних систем з метою підвищення їх ефективності та скорочення енерговитрат. У цьому питанні досить велика увага приділяється проектуванню та розрахунковій оптимізації компресорів, але загальне завдання моделювання компресорної установки як складної системи вирішена недостатньо. Використання математичного моделювання компресорної системи дає можливість розв‘язання широкого спектра задач, в тому числі задачі оптимізації управління.
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Ємельяненко, А. Л. "Дослідження методів підвищення ефективності ГТУ відкритокого типу із проектуванням компресора". Master's thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2018. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/72189.

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У роботі досліджено методи підвищення ефективності ГТУ відкритокого типу із проектуванням компресора.<br>В работе исследованы методы повышения эффективности ГТУ открыток типа с проектированием компрессора.<br>In work methods of increase of efficiency of GTU of postcards of type with design of the compressor are investigated.
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Ausmeel, Erik, and Botvid Gannholm. "Dataanalys av en ny avfrostningsrutin på en kyl- och frysanläggning : En studie gjord hos Freezing Food Småland Öland AB." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Sjöfartshögskolan (SJÖ), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-105008.

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Den här rapporten handlar om en ändring i livsmedelsföretaget Freezing Food Småland Öland AB:s avfrostningsrutin för deras förångare i frysrummet. Ändringen gick ut på att avfrostningstiden och maxtemperaturen sänktes samt att tiden mellan avfrostningarna nu sker varannan i stället för varje natt. Syftet var att undersöka om ändringen av rutinen hade bidragit till en minskad energiförbrukning i förhållande till innan ändringen gjordes genom att också granska andra faktorer än själva avfrostningen som kunde tänkas påverka energiförbrukningen. Metoden gick ut på att insamla och analysera stora datamängder tillhandahållna av företaget för att sedan reducera dem till hanterbara siffror. Även data för lokala utomhustemperaturer samlades in. Med hjälp av detta beräknades medelvärden för en given tidsperiod för energiförbrukning, lagerhållning och utomhustemperatur. Resultatet visade en sänkning av energiförbrukningen, hur stor andel som berodde på avfrostningens ändrade rutiner lämnade undersökningen obesvarat. Utomhustemperaturen bör ha minskat effektbehovet, samtidigt bör lagerhållningen ökat den. Slutsatsen blev att mer tid behövde passera och en ny undersökning behöver framställas efter att avfrostningsrutinen ändrades för att möjliggöra en säkrare bedömning.<br>This report is about a change in the food company Freezing Food Småland Öland AB’s defrosting routine for their evaporators in the freezer warehouse. The change was that the defrosting time and maximum temperature were reduced and that the time between defrostings now takes place every other night instead of every night. The aim was to examine whether the change in the routine had contributed to a reduction in energy consumption compared to before the change was made by also examining factors other than defrosting itself that might affect energy consumption. The method was to collect and analyze large amounts of data provided by the company and then reduce them to manageable figures. Data for local outdoor temperatures were also collected. This calculated averages for a given time period for energy consumption, warehousing and outdoor temperature. The results showed a decrease in energy consumption, the proportion due to the change in defrosting procedures left the investigation unanswered. The outdoor temperature should have reduced the power requirement, at the same time the storage should have increased it. It was concluded that more time needed to pass,and a new study needed to be produced after the defrosting routine was changed to allow for a safer assessment.
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Temchenko, S. O. "Object modeling compressor plants with screw executive mechanism." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2006. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/21493.

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Lissing, Johan. "Video coding using compressed transportation plans." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-8335.

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<p>A transportation plan is a byproduct from the calculation of the Kantorovich distance between two images. It describes a transformation from one of the images to the other. This master thesis shows how transportation plans can be used for video coding and how to process the transportation plans to achieve a good bitrate/quality ratio. Various parameters are evaluated using an implemented transportation plan video coder.</p><p>The introduction of transform coding with DCT proves to be very useful, as it reduces the size of the resulting transportation plans. DCT coding roughly gives a 10-fold decrease in bitrate with maintained quality compared to the nontransformed transportation plan coding.</p><p>With the best settings for transportation plan coding, I was able to code a test sequence at about 5 times the bitrate for MPEG coding of the same sequence with similar quality.</p><p>As video coding using transportation plans is a very new concept, the thesis is ended with conclusions on the test results and suggestions for future research in this area.</p>
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Cadete, Jónatas David Vinhas. "Plano de marketing da Compressport Portugal." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/10695.

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Mestrado em Marketing<br>Este trabalho de projeto consistiu na elaboração de um plano de marketing para a empresa Compressport Portugal. O objetivo deste estudo é a identificação do perfil dos consumidores de produtos de compressão desportiva e a avaliação do efeito dos patrocínios da Compressport Portugal junto dos consumidores, para, deste modo, a empresa analisar e definir as estratégias de ação futuras e o seu modo de implementação. O presente estudo seguiu os primeiros passos da metodologia action research, que permitiu a recolha de informações da empresa e do mercado de compressão desportiva, em parceria com a Compressport Portugal. Conclui-se que a Compressport é de facto a marca escolhida no que toca a materiais de compressão desportiva, contudo, tem uma notoriedade fraca. Existe pouco conhecimento dos seus produtos e só o patrocínio e a visibilidade da marca em provas desportivas estão a oferecer resultados positivos para a marca. As Táticas de marketing foram delineadas para atingir os objetivos da marca, tais como: 1) aumento da notoriedade; 2) aumento da visibilidade da marca; 3) melhor distribuição de pontos de venda; 4) melhor conhecimento dos seus produtos e dos seus benefícios; e 5) aumento das vendas.<br>The purpose of this project was to draw up a marketing plan for the brand Compressport Portugal. This study aims to identify the profile of consumers of sports compression products and evaluate the effect of sponsorship of Compressport Portugal among sportsmen consumers, thereby to analyze the brand and determine the tactics of action to be taken in the future and how to implement them. In this project we used the first?s steps of action research, which allowed to gather the information about the company and sport compression market by working together with Compressport Portugal. We conclude that the Compressport is indeed the brand of choice when it comes to sports compression materials, yet has very low visibility. There is little knowledge of its products and ultimately only sponsorship and brand visibility are offering positive results for the brand. Integrated marketing program was outlined in a way to achieve the marketing objectives such as: 1) increased awareness; 2) increased brand visibility; 3) a better distribution; 4) better knowledge of their products and benefits, and ultimately, & 5) increased sales.
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Books on the topic "Compressor plant"

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Great Britain. Energy Efficiency Office., Inver House Distillers Ltd, AEA Technology. Energy Technology Support Unit., and Derick Sampson & Partners., eds. Use of a back pressure steam turbine to drive a compressor in an evaporator plant: A demonstration at Inver House Distillers, Airdrie. ETSU, 1986.

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2

Pakistan Industrial Credit & Investment Corporation., ed. Sealed compressors manufacturing plant: Project profile. Board of Investment, Prime Minister's Secretariat, 1989.

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Association, Compressed Gas, ed. Unmanned air gas plants: Design and operation. Compressed Gas Association, 2006.

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Nwaoha, Chikezie. Process plant equipment operation, reliability, and control. Wiley, 2012.

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Institution of Mechanical Engineers (Great Britain). Fluid Machinery Committee. and European Committee of Manufacturers of Compressors, Vacuum Pumps and Pneumatic Tools., eds. Developments in industrial compressors and their systems. Published for IMechE by Mechanical Engineering Publications, 1994.

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Institution of Mechanical Engineers (Great Britain). Nuclear Energy Committee., American Nuclear Society, and Institution of Electrical Engineers, eds. Sizewell B, aiming to be first: International conference, 8-9 March 1994, London Marriott Hotel, Grosvenor Square, London. Published for IMechE by Mechanical Engineering Publications, 1994.

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Engineers, Institution of Mechanical, ed. Developments in industrial compressors and their systems: European conference, 12-13 April 1994, Institution of Mechanical Engineers, One Great George Street, London. Mechanical Engineering Publications for IMechE, 1994.

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Aspiotis, James. Compression softening of high strength reinforced concrete elements subjected to in-plane stresses. National Library of Canada, 1993.

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W. L. A. H. Van den Broek. Numerical modelling of plane strain compression tests using a classical and cosserat continuum. UMIST, 1996.

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Industrial Technologies Program (U.S.), ed. Ohio Aluminum Industries: Compressed air system improvement project saves energy and improves product quality. Industrial Technologies Program, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, U.S. Dept. of Energy, 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "Compressor plant"

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Soodani, Sara, SeyedVahid Hosseini, Mohammad Hakimi, and Mohammad Akhlaghi. "The Effect of Vane Number in Casing Treatment of an Axial-Flow Compressor." In Springer Proceedings in Energy. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30960-1_32.

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AbstractImprovement of the operating range of compressors will help the power and energy plant to work more flexibly to integrate with other energy generation systems. The stall, rotating stall, and resulting surge are the most dominant limiting phenomenon in axial compressor operating envelop. Several active and passive methods have been employed to eliminate occurring of these phenomena and to extend compressors’ stable range. Among these, casing treatment is one of the most useful methods. This study aims to investigate the effect of the number of stationary blades on the performance and stall margin of an axial compressor through numerical simulation. Casing treatments in two different configurations of 33.3 and 53.5% of rotor blade tip exposure and with six different numbers of vanes, 30, 40, 60, 80, 90, and 120, are simulated with computational fluid dynamics in ANSYS software. The numerical simulation is validated with available experimental data. The results reveal that in a high rotor exposure configuration, the highest number of vanes provides the best performance for the compressor. However, in a low exposure configuration, the optimum number of the vanes, 90 for the 33.3% exposure, can be found with the proposed numerical procedure based on stall margin improvement.
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Budianto, Arif, and D. Bambang Arip. "Exergy Analysis in Gas Turbine Power Plant with Different Offline Compressor Washing Methods." In Recent Advances in Renewable Energy Systems. Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1581-9_16.

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Sommani, Piyanart, Suntiti Yoomak, and Santipont Ananwattanaporn. "Estimation of Power Consumption in Screw Gas Compressor Installed on Natural Gas Power Plant." In Green Energy and Technology. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-67987-2_10.

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Yusupbekov, Nodirbek, Farukh Adilov, and I. Arsen. "Digitization of Centrifugal Compressor Asset as One of Key Elements of Overall Digitized Industrial Plant." In Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-25252-5_76.

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Sitaram, N., and Chikezie Nwaoha. "Process Compressors." In Process Plant Equipment. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118162569.ch9.

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Golenberg, Edward M. "DNA from Plant Compression Fossils." In Ancient DNA. Springer New York, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4318-2_17.

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Donaldson, L. A., and A. P. Singh. "Formation and Structure of Compression Wood." In Plant Cell Monographs. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36491-4_9.

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Sastry, K. Subramanya, Bikash Mandal, John Hammond, S. W. Scott, and R. W. Briddon. "Axonopus compressus (Carpet-grass)." In Encyclopedia of Plant Viruses and Viroids. Springer India, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-3912-3_105.

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Takabe, Hideaki. "Self-Similar Solutions of Compressible Fluids." In Springer Series in Plasma Science and Technology. Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-45473-8_4.

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AbstractStrong shock waves are used to compress and heat any matters in the laboratory. The ablation pressure by intense laser is used to compress even solid matters. In plane geometry, it is easier to design multi-shocks to compress the matters, while it is more beneficial to use the spherical compression. No simple solutions are available to know the trajectories of shocks in one-dimensional spherical symmetry. Here we see several analytical solutions with the self-similar method. The method is to find new governing solution of ordinary differential equation from partial differential fluid equations. The self-similar method is known before the birth of computer.The blast wave is the most famous one. Here, we review the basic method to derive several self-similar solutions allowing the spherical implosion, useful to laser driven implosion. The isobaric solution provides uniform pressure and spark-main fuel structure, and isochoric solution gives us uniform density profile at the maximum compression. It is shown that even including thermal conduction, it is possible to find a solution of ablation structure. This is an extended solution more appropriate compared to the steady state solutions shown in the previous chapter.The blast waves are widely used from laser experiments to supernova remnants (SNRs). SNRs are blast waves driven by the matters exploding by supernova explosion. A self-similar solution with forward and reverse shock waves is found to explain many observation data of SNRs. A numerical simulation shows that the solution of ejecta-driven shock changes from Chevalier’s self-similar solution to the other Sedov-Taylor one. The self-similarity is one of the key physics controlling nonlinear hydrodynamic equations.
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Forbes, Jerry W. "Plane One-Dimensional Shock Waves." In Shock Wave Compression of Condensed Matter. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32535-9_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Compressor plant"

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Cassagne, T., and Bernard Quoix. "Failure Investigation of a Gas Compressor Impeller." In CORROSION 2006. NACE International, 2006. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2006-06142.

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Abstract Rotating compressors have been used for many years to compress gas containing H2S in the Oil and Gas industry. For H2S service, the ISO 15156/MR0175 Standard describes the conditions for which metallic materials and particularly corrosion resistant alloys can be used. For martensitic stainless steels, there are no environmental constraints for compressor components although for impellers they must be resistant to sulfide stress cracking up to 95% of their actual yield strength. In the Lacq plant located in the south-west of France, good service has been obtained with compressor fit with 16%Cr 4%Ni martensitic stainless steel impellers for more than 20 years. Hence, it was a surprise when a failure occurred in one of the compressors in 2004. This paper describes the circumstances of this failure and the investigation carried out to understand its root cause. The consequences and thoughts concerning the use of martensitic stainless steels for compressor impellers are discussed.
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Rosbo, Joachim W., Anker D. Jensen, John B. J�rgensen, Sigurd Skogestad, and Jakob K. Huusom. "Optimisation of a Haber-Bosch Synthesis Loop for PtA." In The 35th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering. PSE Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.69997/sct.122254.

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This work presents a plantwide model of a Haber-Bosch ammonia synthesis loop (HB-loop) in a PtA plant, consisting of heat exchangers, compressors, steam turbines, flash separators and catalytic reactor beds. The total electrical power utility of the HB-loop is a combination of compressor power, refrigeration power, and steam turbine power. We optimise the HB-loop operating parameters, subject to constraints for maximum reactor temperatures, compressor choke and stall, minimum steam temperature, and maximum loop pressure. The loop features six degrees of freedom (DOFs) for the optimisation: three reactor temperatures, reactor N2/H2-ratio, separator temperature, and loop pressure. The optimisation minimises the total loop power utility for a given hydrogen make-up feed flow, with the PtA load varied by ranging the hydrogen make-up feed flow from 10 % to 120 % of the nominal. Across this load range, different constraints become active, with the compressor surge limit being particularly critical at low loads, significantly increasing HB-loop power consumption. To address this, we investigate configurations with two, three, and four compressor trains operating in parallel. Reductions in total power of 55%, 74%, and 84% are achieved at reduced plant loads, with two, three, and four parallel trains, respectively. In terms of total compressor capital and operating cost, we demonstrated savings of 8.06%, 8.29%, and 7.11% in total cost after ten years of operation with two, three, and four parallel compressor trains compared to a single train configuration.
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Liu, Deyi, Sixing Zha, Jian Wu, Yong Cao, and Zilong Wang. "Application of Risk-Informed Approach in Emergency Compressor Emergency Backup Function Test." In 2022 29th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone29-91480.

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Abstract The emergency compressed air production system is a part of the compressed air production system of the nuclear power plant. Its function is to provide the necessary compressed air to the nuclear island when the main air compressor fails and cannot provide compressed air. Each unit of the nuclear power plant has two emergency air compressors to provide backup air source for the compressed air distribution system for instrumentation. Under normal working conditions, one emergency air compressor is in the basic load state and the other is in the standby state. The two emergency air compressors will automatically start according to the degree of pressure drop of the compressed air production system. The purpose of the emergency backup function of the emergency air compressor is to verify that the two air compressors will start up as the system pressure drops in different states, and to verify the operating parameters of the two emergency air compressors. The test period is one week. Periodic testing is an important activity for nuclear power plants to ensure the availability of equipment that performs important functions. However, periodic testing exceeding a certain frequency may reduce the safety of the power plant and increase the unnecessary burden of the power plant. At present, PSA has been widely used in nuclear power plant operation guidance, maintenance rules and many other fields, PSA has developed into an important tool for safety assessment and decision-making. With the development of PSA technology, the risk-oriented model combining probability theory and determinism has also been applied in the optimization of the periodic test cycle of nuclear power plants, so that the resource allocation of power plants can be optimized under the premise of ensuring sufficient safety of nuclear power plants. Improve regulatory and operational efficiency. This paper will take the emergency compressed air production system of Fangjiashan Nuclear Power Plant (FSJ NPP) as an example to introduce the application method of the risk-oriented periodic test optimization method.
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Ingistov, Steve, and Michael Milos. "Slow-Roll of Natural Gas Compressors in a 420 MW Cogeneration Plant." In ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2013-94246.

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This Paper describes the efforts required to operate two steam turbine-driven centrifugal natural gas compressors at significantly reduced rotative speeds. Natural gas is used to power a 420 MW combined cycle cogeneration plant. Normally, the plant uses natural gas fuel at supply line pressure and the two compressors are on idled standby. The goal of the project is to reduce motive steam consumption in the steam turbine driving the natural gas compressors. The present operating mode, or idle mode, is where both natural gas compressors recycle compressed gas via dedicated intercoolers. This mode of operation occurs about 95% of the time. The remaining 5% of the time is when natural gas compressors boost the trunk line pressure in order to deliver fuel to the gas turbine combustors. Both natural gas compressor trains are designed for rapid increase of rotative speed in case one natural gas compressor is shut down. In order to put a natural gas compressor on hot standby slow-roll condition, a special, dedicated slow roll line is proposed for the fine control of the rotative speed.
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Al Mandhari, Ahmed, Mubarak Al Maskari, Abdullah Al Hadhrami, et al. "Unexpected Formation of Elemental Sulphur in Critical Sour Plant." In SPE Conference at Oman Petroleum & Energy Show. SPE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/218686-ms.

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Nowadays, high critical sour facilities face tremendous challenges in acid gas injection processes. In facilities in which a Sulphur recovery unit is unavailable and high levels of CO2 and H2S are handled, such is the case in this critical sour plant, acid gas injection requires several stages of compression. Moreover, this acid gas must be injected at extremely high pressures. The main source of acid gas is from the Gas Sweetening units are used in sour gas facilities. In one of the highest sour gas facilities, the acid gas from the Gas Sweetening Units is compressed in LP compressors followed by HP compressor trains before feeding to the injection compressor. In the second year of plant operation, high differential pressure was observed across the compressor after cooler normally operating at 70 barg pressure and 50-60 deg C temperature. This differential pressure across the after cooler continued to rise day by day and led to a Compressor trip on high-high discharge pressure. After investigation, it was found that elemental Sulphur formation was the cause for high differential pressure across the compressor after cooler. Major sulfur deposition was witnessed predominantly in one of the HP compressor trains and specifically at the 3rd and 4th passes of the second stage air cooler where the tubes are almost completely blocked and minor layer of sulphur deposition on the discharge piping is found. Minor sulphur depositions were witnessed in the Anti Surge control valve (ASCV), line from downstream of the second stage cooler to the ASCV and inlet KO drum liquid outlet piping. No sign of deposition observed within the compressor package and even the first &amp; second passes of the cooler were clean from any depositions. Signs of Sulphur appearance continued to be seen in downstream TEG dehydration unit equipment such as frequent choking of rich TEG filters, knockout drum internals started to get chocked, frequent scaling of TEG reboilers observed, and finally fouling of lean-rich TEG heat exchangers. All symptoms of Sulphur formation were confirmed as it was later revealed that approximately 4 to 5 tons of elemental Sulphur formed within the system in three to four months which represented a significant threat to plant asset, availability, and production. The removal of solid Sulphur from the equipment required extensive cleaning activities, maintenance cost, and significant time for unit shutdowns. Troubleshooting process began with reviewing available literature and identifying a clear mechanism of unexpected formation of Sulphur.
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Moore, J. Jeffrey, Andrew Lerche, Timothy Allison, Brian Moreland, and Jorge Pacheco. "Development of an Internally Cooled Centrifugal Compressor for Carbon Capture and Storage Applications." In ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2012-69911.

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In order to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) released into the atmosphere, significant progress has been made into capturing and storing CO2 from power plants and other major producers of greenhouse gas emissions. The compression of the captured carbon dioxide stream requires significant amounts of power and can impact plant availability, and increase operational costs. Preliminary analysis has estimated that the CO2 compression process reduces plant efficiency by 8% to 12% for a typical power plant. This project supports the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) objective of reducing energy requirements for carbon capture and storage in electrical power production. The primary objective of this study is to boost the pressure of CO2 to pipeline pressures with the minimal amount of energy required. Previous thermodynamic analysis identified optimum processes for pressure rise in both liquid and gaseous states. Isothermal compression is well known to reduce the power requirements by minimizing the temperature of the gas entering subsequent stages. Intercooling is typically accomplished using external gas coolers and integrally geared compressors. For large scale compression, use of straight through centrifugal compressors, similar to those used in oil and gas applications including LNG production, is preferred due to the robustness of the design. However, intercooling between each stage is not feasible. The current research develops an internally cooled compressor diaphragm that removes heat internal to the compressor. Results documenting the design process are presented including 3D conjugate heat transfer CFD studies. Experimental demonstration of the design is performed on a sub scale centrifugal compressor closed loop test facility for a range of suction pressures.
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Tveit, Gisle B., Lars E. Bakken, and Tor Bjo̸rge. "Compressor Transient Behaviour." In ASME Turbo Expo 2004: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2004-53700.

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An important issue related to compressor and driver integration is the behaviour during driver trip. Field tests at Troll Kollsnes gas treatment plant have shown that under a short power outage and within certain operating scenarios, the compressor enters the surge- and rotating stall area. These problems lead to a reduced flexibility in the operation of the pipeline compressors. The 40 MW variable speed electric motor driven compressors have therefore been subjected to dynamic simulation analyses to reveal the transient response. Dynamic simulations based on earlier trip tests have been performed so as to understand what parameters affect the severity and duration of a surge under power outage. An elaborate plant model has been created with the dynamic simulation tool OTISS™ by AspenTech and tuned to represent the plant. The model is validated against actual plant tests and operating data. The paper reports experience from analyses of the compressor and driver behaviour during run down. It is based on earlier tests and dynamic simulations performed for the Troll Kollsnes gas treatment plant. The main objective has been to study the compressor system sensitivity related to variation in polar inertia, driver power decay and trip signal delay on the transient rundown behaviour.
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Xu, Lina, and Eric Huss. "Uncertainty Analysis of the Performance of Centrifugal Compressors: Numerical Model and Measured Uncertainties." In ASME 2018 Power Conference collocated with the ASME 2018 12th International Conference on Energy Sustainability and the ASME 2018 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2018-7191.

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Compressed air and gas are the lifeline of power plants. Deficient or unstable supply of air and gas can result in huge costs and revenue losses of plants. Thus, the accurate determination of performance of the compressors plays important role in prediction of the plant performance. In order to provide reliable and low cost operation for end users, an uncertainty analysis of volume flow, pressure ratio, and power consumption have been investigated and implemented to accurately determine the effect of the compressors to the plant performance. Mathematical models for the uncertainty treatments are proposed based on the ASME test code, and both the systematic errors originating from the measurement instruments and random errors rooted from the raw data are taken into consideration. Moreover, the approach of the uncertainty propagation is also presented through data reduction equations in this paper to evaluate the final performance. Both the rigorous numerical model and sophisticated data acquisition system instrumented in the test facility are employed to conduct the uncertainty analysis for a multi-stage centrifugal compressor. Comprehensive error sources such as ambient conditions, inter-stage pressures and temperatures, and rotational speeds are identified and studied for the final tolerance of the pressure ratio and power consumption of the whole compressor. The test uncertainty results of the compressor can help to improve the power plant field design and demonstrate quality assurance and quality control. Moreover, the tolerance analysis introduced in this paper can be extended to each component of the power plant system to optimize the performance of the whole power plant.
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Ebisawa, Naoto, Yasuo Fukushima, and Hideaki Orikasa. "Dynamic Simulation of Centrifugal Compressor Startup With Inlet Guide Vane." In ASME 2011 Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2011-45810.

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To achieve safe and efficient operation of centrifugal compressors, understanding the transient behavior of the compression system and reflecting such characteristics into the design of compressors and peripheral equipment early in the plant engineering stage are important. Since such transient states cannot be completely studied by static analysis alone, additional analyses using plant’s dynamic model are desired. To utilize for compressor design and process verification in the engineering phase, a dynamic simulator specialized for compressor systems has been developed. The presented work demonstrates an example of the way the simulator was used for a preparatory investigation of the Mixed Refrigerant (MR) compressor start up in an LNG plant. The simulation results showed that motor acceleration could be successfully accomplished by using the throttled inlet guide vanes (IGVs) for lowering the load torque and that the compressor could generate the required liquefaction pressure at settle out condition.
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Bakken, Lars E., Tor Bjo̸rge, Tim M. Bradley, and Neal Smith. "Validation of Compressor Transient Behaviour." In ASME Turbo Expo 2002: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2002-30279.

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Major challenges are related to compressor and driver integration during run down. In order to understand these challenges, the pipeline compressor facility at Troll Kollsnes gas treatment plant, Norway, has been subjected to detailed trip testing and dynamic simulation analysis. The plant includes five pipeline compressors and is utilised as a pilot for analysing the transient response of a 40 MW compressor driven by a variable speed electric motor. The compressor control and protection system include an anti-surge and a hot gas bypass system. Vibration records have shown that under power outage the compressors were exposed to violent vibrations. Further investigation revealed that during a short power outage, the compressor enters the surge- and rotating stall area under certain operating scenarios. The rotating stall response resulted in reduced operating range and flexibility for the pipeline compressors. Specific precautions had to be taken to prevent the compressor from running into the low flow operating area of the performance envelope. Dynamic simulations cover important aspects related to the transient scenario analyses performed to reveal the root cause of the compressor problems. The simulation system enables sophisticated plant models to be configured from high quality standard model algorithm building blocks. Verification of the model blocks have been performed against plant records in order to validate the transient predictions. The paper reports experience from testing and verification of compressor and driver integration with reference to transient behaviour during run down. This includes the validation of the dynamic models, which apply both to the design and commissioning phase where actual plant trip tests should be used to verify the design and stability margins.
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Reports on the topic "Compressor plant"

1

Allen, Cody, and Ivan Carlos. PR283-22205-R01 Field Validation of a Total Emissions Efficiency Factor. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2025. https://doi.org/10.55274/r0000138.

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Continued interest in emissions factors and operational optimization have led to a combined fac-tor, called the Total Emissions Efficiency (TEE) Score. The TEE Score considers dry low emis-sions operation, power to fuel relationships and compressor recycle, distilled into a single Key Performance Indicator (KPI). The TEE score can be used along a pipeline to help gas control and gas planning groups identify non-efficient emissions operation of a unit or station. This PRCI study has deployed the TEE Score to a section of Kinder Morgan's Natural Gas pipe-line and created a visual dashboard for their Gas Control utilizing Solar Turbines' InSight Plat-form technology. The study lasted one year where Gas Control observed and interacted with TEE Scores based on Gas Control's decisions along the selected pipeline. One of the use cases discussed in this report is how the TEE Score can be used to self-identify units at a compressor station that could be shut down, leading to large reductions in emissions as well as savings of operational hours. The study synthesizes real time sensor data sampled every 10 minutes for multiple compresssor stations as well as survey data from Gas Control operators and managers. This report details best practices for deployment of the TEE Score and draws conclusions about the TEE Score's efficacy as an emissions reduction tool.
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Strand, R. G. Engineering task plan for BX/BY compressor upgrade. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/41291.

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Castillo, V., D. Derryberry, Z. Huang, and T. Tallerico. Motor control system for the Expt. No. 821 Plan B compressor. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1157478.

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Hare, D. How to Plan and Analyze an Isentropic Compression Experiment (ICE). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15014605.

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Jay. L51723 Guidelines for Sound Power Level Measurements Compressor Equipment. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010419.

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Increasing legislation and public awareness of noise are intensifying the efforts of industries today to reduce the noise. The natural gas industry has proved that it is one of the industrial leaders in its awareness of noise problems and has maintained a vigorous research program in noise control for over 30 years. A noise survey can be done in several ways: point measurements, grid point methods, contour methods, scanning techniques, etc. The selection of the method depends on the accuracy required, available personnel, expertise etc. For the most accurate determination of sound power, the scanning method using sound intensity measurements is considered to be the best available in present day circumstances. This method is discussed in detail in later chapters. Point and grid point measurements are useful to determine the Sound Pressure Level, but are of limited use in quantifying the Sound Power Level of a noise source in a complex and multi-source environment such as a compressor station. Guidelines for Sound Power Level Measurements for Compressor Station Equipment Report documents the development of guidelines for in-situ sound power level measurements for compressor station equipment, with sample calculations. Measurement of equipment noise levels in a complex, multi-source environment is very difficult and may be accomplished by several methods. These guidelines specify the sound intensity approach that can be used in almost any field situation. The sound power guidelines described in this report specify the sound intensity approach as the primary measurement method since it can be used in almost any field situation to determine the sound power of a source. In open spaces without reflecting surfaces (except the ground plane) sound pressure measurements may give satisfactory estimates of the sound power of noise sources if background noise is low and other sources can be turned off. Inside a compressor building, the modified reverberation room approach may be allowed, but then only the total sound power can be determined unless background sources can be controlled or other sources turned off. Lastly, the standard guidelines developed were used to conduct field measurements of the sound power of four equipment noise sources including: a) turbine casing, b) turbine air inlet, c) cooler and d) exhaust stack.
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Moyers, J. Aging of control and service air compressors and dryers used in nuclear power plants. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6791077.

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Stevens, R. D., B. V. Chapnik, and B. Howe. L51960 Acoustical Pipe Lagging Systems Design and Performance. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010392.

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Noise levels radiated from the exterior of a pipe wall can significantly contribute to the overall noise levels on the site of a gas plant and at neighboring properties. The noise inside the piping is generated both by the gas compressor itself, and by the flow of gas through valves, elbows and fittings. Sound inside the pipe couples to the pipe wall by exciting vibration modes, some of which are radiated from the exterior of the pipe into the air. Piping is geometrically circular, which provides it with considerable increased stiffness versus a flat plate, and thereby assists in its ability to contain low frequency sound inside the pipe. At high frequencies, where the wavelength of sound is short compared to the dimensions of the pipe, the response of the pipe approaches that of a flat plate, and considerably more sound is transmitted. Between the low and high frequency ranges lies the ring frequency, at which the wavelength of sound is equal to the circumference of the pipe; at this resonant frequency, a maximum amount of noise is transmitted out the pipe wall. For smaller pipe sizes, the ring frequency occurs above 5 kHz. For larger pipe sizes on the order of 24 inches to 36 inches, the ring frequency occurs in the range 1 kHz to 3 kHz. These frequencies fall in the most audible range of the sound spectrum. Low frequency sound is not usually of concern for pipe radiated noise, unless the source generates considerably low frequency energy. Acoustical lagging systems typically include one or more layers of porous insulation, to absorb sound and decouple vibration, and one or more layers of an impervious, heavy barrier material to contain the sound. The test configurations for this study were based on systems reported as commonly being used by PRCI member companies. Most of the member companies use fixed-in-place lagging configurations in which the various materials are applied in discrete layers to the pipe during installation. Self-contained, removable blanket systems are also in use by some member companies instead of fixed-in-place configurations, or around equipment such as valves where periodic removal of the lagging is necessary. This study provides a review of acoustic lagging systems for above ground gas piping to minimize noise.
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None, None. CORRECTIVE ACTION INVESTIGATION PLAN FOR CORRECTIVE ACTION UNIT 503: N-TUNNEL COMPRESSOR/BLOWER PAD, NEVADA TEST SITE. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1877191.

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JANICEK, G. P. Engineering Task Plan Supporting Rupture of Compressed Air Lines in Contaminated Areas USQ. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/807514.

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Olsen and Willson. L51916 Pressure Based Parametric Emission Monitoring Systems (PEMS). Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010181.

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The natural gas industry operates over 8000 stationary large bore (bore greater than 14 in) natural gas engines for natural gas compression on pipelines and power generation. As emissions regulations become increasingly more stringent, the need for low cost methods for compliance demonstration arises. A PEMS model is one such approach. Research in this area has increased significantly during the last decade. PEMS models for this application utilize parameters commonly measured on industrial engines in the field to predict engine-out emissions. Monitoring emissions in this manner represents a significant cost savings over the periodic use of chemiluminescence NOX analyzers, which are not standard equipment in natural gas compressor stations. PEMS model accuracy is dependent on the quality of the input data, both the training NOX measurements and the selection of input parameters. Hence, it is important to have both reliable data measurement methods and an understanding of engine operating parameters relation to NOX. This work is part of the body of work referred to as the Integrated Test Plan (ITP), performed at the Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory (EECL). This report details an investigation into Parametric Emissions Monitoring System (PEMS) models. It is the final document to be delivered under the ITP program. Much of the work performed under the ITP program focused on Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs) research. However, the emphasis of the PEMS work is on the prediction of oxides of nitrogen (NOX) emissions from large bore natural gas engines. In this work two different PEMS models are developed, a semi-empirical model and a neural network model. The semi-empirical model is based on general relationships between NOX emissions and engine parameters, but contains empirical constants that are determined based on the best fit to engine experimental data. The neural network model utilizes a similar set of input parameters, but relies on the neural network code to determine the relationships between input parameters and measured NOX emissions. The neural network model also contains empirical constants. The mathematics involved in both models is described. A single term semi-empirical model, which has been utilized in the literature as a PEMS model, is applied for comparative purposes.
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