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Journal articles on the topic 'Compressor Washing'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Susanto, Edy, Hotdian Sinambela, and Rafi Tri Khairullah. "Analysis of the Effect of Blade Washing Compressor on Compressor Efficiency and Thermal Efficiency of Gas Turbine at PLTG XXX." DINAMIS 13, no. 1 (2025): 24–31. https://doi.org/10.32734/dinamis.v13i1.18846.

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The most important parts of a gas power system are the compressor and gas turbine. Compressor performance will naturally decrease due to high ambient temperatures and dirt in the incoming air and make the compressor inefficient. To restore compressor efficiency, it is recommended to clean the compressor using the compressor blade washing method. The purpose of this study was to determine the compressor blade washing procedure used in the PLTG system and determine the parameters tested and analyses their effect on the thermal efficiency of the PLTG. This study was conducted on a PLTG unit opera

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2

Hovland, G., and M. Antoine. "Scheduling of Gas Turbine Compressor Washing." Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 12, no. 1 (2006): 63–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10798587.2006.10642916.

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3

Kolkman, H. J. "Performance of Gas Turbine Compressor Cleaners." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 115, no. 3 (1993): 674–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906759.

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Deposits are regularly removed from compressor blades and vanes of installed jet engines and gas turbines by compressor washing. A compressor cleaner is sprayed into the compressor while operating at reduced or normal rpm. Recently developed compressor cleaners are claimed to be ecologically sound. In addition, many new compressor cleaners contain a corrosion inhibitor. The cleaning efficiency of eight (old and new) compressor cleaners was determined by means of simulated compressor washing of compressor blades that had become fouled in service. For the situation simulated, the cleaning effici

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4

Agati, Giuliano, Francesca Di Gruttola, Serena Gabriele, Domenico Simone, Paolo Venturini, and Domenico Borello. "Evaluation of water washing efficiency and erosion risk in an axial compressor for different water injection conditions." E3S Web of Conferences 312 (2021): 11008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202131211008.

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Gas turbines performance losses are mainly due to the deposition of dirt on the compressor blades that needs to be periodically removed. This is the reason motivating the presence of water washing systems (WWS) in most of the compressor gas turbines. Water washing is generally achieved by installing a number of nozzles on the compressor casing and spraying water that clean the dirty surfaces of the compressor. The side effect of such a technique is the rising risk of erosion due to the impact of water droplets on the compressor blades which is even more pronounced when dealing with online wate

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5

Mund, F. C., and P. Pilidis. "Online compressor washing: A numerical survey of influencing parameters." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 219, no. 1 (2005): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095765005x6881.

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Online compressor washing is an advanced method to recover power losses caused by compressor blade fouling without incurring the availability penalty of having to shut down the gas turbine engine. Liquid is sprayed into the compressor at full or near full load to wash off particulates accumulated on the compressor surfaces. In particular, the cleaning of the first stage is vital to reinstate the mass flow of the engine, and a uniform fluid distribution is desirable in order to cover the full annulus. To achieve this, washing systems are generally developed empirically. Owing to the variety of

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6

Zhu, Lei, and Hong Fu Zuo. "Predicting Compressor of Gas Turbine Power Plant On-Line Washing Interval Using Proportional Hazards Model." Advanced Materials Research 452-453 (January 2012): 195–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.452-453.195.

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Due to compressor fouling, gas turbine efficiency decreases over time, resulting in decreased power output of the plant. To counteract the effects of compressor fouling, compressor on-line and off-line washing procedures are used. The present research is aimed to propose a method of mathematical modeling of offline washing interval which will be estimated as the RUL of compressor based on Proportional hazards model. Application of the proposed prediction method to the case of Civil Aero-engine proved its effectiveness.

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7

Wilarso and Ari Dwi Wibowo. "Online Blade Washing Analysis on Mitsubishi M701F Gas Turbine Performance in Power Plants." Journal of Energy, Mechanical, Material, and Manufacturing Engineering 6, no. 3 (2022): 209–20. https://doi.org/10.22219/jemmme.v6i3.18140.

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The main problem that often occurs in the operation and maintenance of power plants is a decrease in the reliability of the Gas Turbine. The decline in the performance of the Gas Turbine, which often experiences trips, was recorded at the highest 3 times in one day. Based on the inspection, it was found that there were deposits on the compressor and turbine blades during operation. The decrease in power in the generating unit is accompanied by an increase in fuel consumption. The purpose of this study is to analyze Blade Washing Online on the performance of gas turbines due to the formation of

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8

Mund, Friederike C., and Pericles Pilidis. "Gas Turbine Compressor Washing: Historical Developments, Trends and Main Design Parameters for Online Systems." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 128, no. 2 (2005): 344–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2132378.

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By being exposed to atmospheric conditions gas turbines are inevitably subjected to sources of fouling. The resulting degradation can be partially recovered by cleaning the compressor. Based on open literature and patents, the different approaches leading to the most advanced method of compressor online washing have been compiled. The origins of online washing and the development trends over the decades are outlined, and the current systems are categorized. The introduction of system categories has been justified by a field survey. Additionally, the main design parameters of online washing sys

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9

Stalder, J. P. "Gas Turbine Compressor Washing State of the Art: Field Experiences1." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 123, no. 2 (2000): 363–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1361108.

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Technology development in gas turbine compressor washing over the last 10 years and today’s state of the art technology is presented in this paper. Based on various long term field tests and observations, correlation between rate of power degradation and atmospheric conditions can be established. Questions about compressor on line washing with water alone against the use of detergents, as well as washing frequencies are also addressed in this paper. Performance degradation behavior between gas turbines of different sizes and models can be explained with an index of sensitivity to fouling. The

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10

Aldi, Nicola, Nicola Casari, Ettore Fadiga, et al. "Off-line washing effectiveness on a multistage axial compressor." E3S Web of Conferences 312 (2021): 11016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202131211016.

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The interaction between gas turbines and airborne particles determines detrimental effects on the performance, efficiency, and reliability of the power unit. When it is possible, the interaction is reduced by the use of inlet separators and filtration systems. In an aero engine, these barriers are difficult to implement, and only bigger particles (usually greater than 10 μm) are separated from the airflow. Small units, especially those equips helicopters, are usually affected by fouling issues, especially when the aircraft is employed in harsh environments such as firefighting and rescue activ

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11

Abubakar, Abubakar, and Widya Wijayanti. "THE EFFECT OF COMPRESSOR WASH ON GAS TURBINE TEMPERATURE OF TURBOFAN ENGINE." International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Technologies and Applications 6, no. 1 (2025): 111–20. https://doi.org/10.21776/mechta.2025.006.01.9.

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In this study, the impact of compressor washing on improving the performance and engine life of a turbofan engine is analyzed. The purpose of this research is to determine the outcomes resulting from the compressor wash treatment, as well as the patterns and characteristics of engine deterioration rates in each block cycle following the wash. It also aims to identify the optimal timing for conducting a compressor wash to achieve the most favorable results and maximize the on-wing life of the engine. This research was conducted using an analytical method, which involved analyzing the data recei

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12

Casari, Nicola, Michele Pinelli, Alessio Suman, Alessandro Vulpio, Craig Appleby, and Simon Kyte. "ASSESSMENT OF THE WASHING EFFECTIVENESS OF ON-PURPOSE DESIGNED ECO-FRIENDLY CLEANER AGAINST SOOT DEPOSITS." Journal of the Global Power and Propulsion Society 4 (December 18, 2020): 253–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.33737/jgpps/130789.

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The increment of the industrialization processes led to even more release of carbonaceous particulate into the environment. These airborne contaminants are produced by endothermic machines, coal combustion, heating systems, and production plants. Soot particles suspended into the air can overpass the inlet filters (if present) of gas turbines and deposit onto the internal parts of the compressor. This phenomenon, leading to the modification of the aerodynamic surface of the airfoils, is the main responsible for the gas turbine performance losses over time. This detrimental effect can be partia

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13

Aretakis, N., I. Roumeliotis, G. Doumouras, and K. Mathioudakis. "Compressor washing economic analysis and optimization for power generation." Applied Energy 95 (July 2012): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.02.016.

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14

Ogbonnaya, Ezenwa A. "Gas Turbine Performance Optimization Using Compressor Online Water Washing Technique." Engineering 03, no. 05 (2011): 500–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/eng.2011.35058.

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15

James Diwaa, Enyia. "Economic Viability of Compressor Washing Methods for Maximum Power Output." International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications 5, no. 4 (2017): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmea.20170504.17.

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16

Agati, Giuliano, Francesca Di Gruttola, Serena Gabriele, Domenico Simone, Paolo Venturini, and Domenico Borello. "Water washing of axial flow compressors: numerical study on the fate of injected droplets." E3S Web of Conferences 197 (2020): 11015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019711015.

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In turbomachinery applications blade fouling represents a main cause of performance degradation. Among the different techniques currently available, online water washing is one of the most effective in removing deposit from the blades. Since this kind of washing is applied when the machine is close to design conditions, injected droplets are strongly accelerated when they reach the rotor blades and the understanding of their interaction with the blades is not straightforward. Moreover, undesirable phenomena like blades erosion or liquid film formation can occur. The present study aims at asses

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17

Leusden, Christoph Pels, Christoph Sorgenfrey, and Lutz Du¨mmel. "Performance Benefits Using Siemens Advanced Compressor Cleaning System." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 126, no. 4 (2004): 763–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1787512.

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Extensive operational performance data from the Siemens Power Generation V64.3 unit in Obernburg, Germany (operated by Kraftwerk Obernburg GmbH) is evaluated. The unit was commissioned in 1996 and has been running continuously in base load operation with fuel gas to supply heat and power to a nearby chemical plant. In rare cases, fuel oil is used as a backup fuel. During the first major outage after approximately 25,000 equivalent operating hours (EOH), the Siemens PG Advanced Compressor Cleaning System (ACCS) was implemented at Obernburg. ACCS features separate nozzle systems for online and o

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18

James Diwa, Enyia. "Benefit of Compressor Washing on Power Output in Oil and Gas Applications." International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications 5, no. 5 (2017): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmea.20170505.11.

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19

AGBADEDE, Roupa, and Biweri KAİNGA. "Experimental Investigation of Wash Fluid Preheating on the effectiveness of online Compressor Washing in a Suction Tunnel Compressor Cascade." International Journal of Thermodynamics 24, no. 3 (2021): 194–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.5541/ijot.816320.

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20

Yahya, Idhar, Khawarita Siregar, Anizar Anizar, and Andri Gunawan. "Work Facility Improvement of a Motorcycle Wash Station in Deli Tua District, Deli Serdang Regency." ABDIMAS TALENTA: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 8, no. 1 (2023): 108–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/abdimastalenta.v8i1.7815.

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Aqila Wash Station is a micro business that washes motorcycles, mats and carpet in Deli Tua, a sub-district in North Sumatra province. Washing motorcycle may consume a large amount of time and this decreases customers’ satisfaction. The whole process is performed manually using very simple tools and this tires the workers quickly, which results in a decrease in their work quality. The most common problem that workers face is soap depletion. The next problem is compressor machine becomes hard to initiate, which makes the washing duration longer and may even cause customers to go to another moto

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21

Yunus, Salmi Mohd, Saiful Adilin Sekari, and Mohd Hafiz Abdul Ghaffar. "Degradation of Compressor Blades of Gas Turbines in Coastal and Industrial Environment." Advanced Materials Research 1133 (January 2016): 371–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1133.371.

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Gas turbine compressor blades will age and degrade in their operation. There are a lot of factors that will contribute to the degradation mechanisms and its acceleration. These factors encompass the site location, the site conditions including the aspect of air quality, water washing practice, etc. A study undertaken by Materials Engineering Group of TNB Research Sdn Bhd on 2 units of gas turbine compressor those are located near to the sea around Peninsular of Malaysia, to determine the degradation mechanisms of the blades. All these gas turbine units are located in different industrial envir

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22

Zhu, Lei, and Hong Fu Zuo. "Predicting Compressor of Gas Turbine Power Plant On-Line Washing Interval Using Proportional Hazards Model." Advanced Materials Research 452-453 (January 2012): 195–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/scientific5/amr.452-453.195.

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23

Casari, Nicola, Michele Pinelli, Alessio Suman, and Alessandro Vulpio. "Performance losses and washing recovery of a helicopter engine compressor operating in ground-idle conditions." CEAS Aeronautical Journal 13, no. 1 (2021): 113–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13272-021-00563-1.

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24

R., C. Supanekar, M. Mirza M., and M. Nadgouda M. "ANALYTICAL AND NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF VIBRATION ISOLATOR FOR HERMETICALLY SEALED COMPRESSOR." JournalNX - a Multidisciplinary Peer Reviewed Journal RIT PG Con-18 (April 22, 2018): 360–64. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1413845.

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Customers of domestic goods, such as air conditioners, vacuum cleaners, refrigerators and washing machines, have recently become more exigent in respect to the acoustic comfort. Nowadays, in the refrigeration market, manufacturers are investing in noise control for their products either to mitigate the quality problems or to respect the standards que the Governments create. For that reason, the finite element model is created to analyze the vibratory behavior of isolators used in the compressor mounting. The methodology of the research work is to analyze various materials for dampener for bett

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25

Tang, Jie, Dianrong Gao, Liwen Wang, and Jinjian Huo. "Experimental Study on the Distribution Trends of Fouling on a Compressor Blade." International Journal of Photoenergy 2020 (November 28, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8885737.

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The formation of a scale on a compressor blade surface is inevitable, and the study of the distribution of the scale can provide effective guidance for the cleaning of a wing engine. Using the waste liquid collected from the engine during the wing water washing process as a data sample, the main components of compressor blade surface fouling were analysed, which included 49.9% SiO2, 14.5% FeO, 11.5% Al2O3, 9.4% CaO, etc. Based on JKR contact theory, a model for calculating the total thickness of the fouling layer on the blade surface was established. Through a simulation experiment on the foul

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26

Boyce, Meherwan P., and Francisco Gonzalez. "A Study of On-Line and Off-Line Turbine Washing to Optimize the Operation of a Gas Turbine." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 129, no. 1 (2005): 114–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2181180.

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This paper highlights the procedure followed in order to establish an effective on-line and off line water wash program on a fleet of 36 small industrial turbines. To determine the efficacy of water washing, a program of tests under controlled conditions was organized. With proper condition monitoring techniques, a set of tests were developed in order to identify the proper water wash frequency and the dissolving agent used to water wash. The goal of the water wash program is to maximize turbine power, and efficiency, while minimizing maintenance labor, and material. The gas turbine compressor

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27

Heng, Wu, Li Benwei, Zhao Shufan, and Wang Yonghua. "Study on the Mechanism of a Carrier-based Engine Parts' Performance Decline and Its Impact on the Whole Engine Performance." MATEC Web of Conferences 179 (2018): 01012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817901012.

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The technical approach "use – parts' change - engine performance change" has been adopted to study and analyse the gas unit parts' performance changes of an engine after a long time operation. The mechanism of performance decline of the turbine is analysed based on the numerical simulation, the impact of components' performance decline on overall engine performance is studied and the correlation analysis is carried out. The results show that the change of turbine tip clearance, roughness increase and surface change will lead to the enhancement of secondary flow and the increase of influence ar

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28

Syverud, Elisabet, and Lars E. Bakken. "Online Water Wash Tests of GE J85-13." Journal of Turbomachinery 129, no. 1 (2007): 136–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2372768.

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This paper reports the results of a series of online water wash tests of a GE J85-13 jet engine at the test facilities of the Royal Norwegian Air Force. The engine performance was deteriorated by injecting atomized saltwater at the engine inlet. The engine was then online washed with water injected at three different droplet sizes (25, 75, and 200μm) and at water-to-air ratios ranging from 0.4% to 3% by mass. Engine performance was measured using standard on-engine instrumentation. Extra temperature and pressure sensors in the compressor section provided additional information of the propagati

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29

Gu¨len, S. C., P. R. Griffin, and S. Paolucci. "Real-Time On-Line Performance Diagnostics of Heavy-Duty Industrial Gas Turbines." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 124, no. 4 (2002): 910–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1413465.

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This paper describes the results of real-time, on-line performance monitoring of two gas turbines over a period of five months in 1997. A commercially available software system is installed to monitor, analyze and store measurements obtained from the plant’s distributed control system. The software is installed in a combined-cycle, cogeneration power plant, located in Massachusetts, USA, with two Frame 7EA gas turbines in Apr. 1997. Vendor’s information such as correction and part load performance curves are utilized to calculate expected engine performance and compare it with measurements. In

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30

Mohammed, Abubakar Kandi, Idris Ibrahim Ozigis, and Nasir Muhammad Lawal. "Comparative Analysis of Gas-Turbine Engine Diagnostics through Compressor Wash Wastewater Parameter Monitoring for Geregu Gas-Turbine Power Plant." ABUAD Journal of Engineering Research and Development (AJERD) 6, no. 2 (2023): 192–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.53982/ajerd.2023.0602.19-j.

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This paper focuses on finding a lasting solution to the reason why offline compressor washing of unit 13 at Geregu Power plc in Ajaokuta does not restore power output lost due to fouling back to the rated output, as is the case for the other two (2) units in the plant and for several reported cases published in the literature. Monitoring of parameters closely related to the power output was carried out to find out the root causes for the low output recovery after offline compressor wash and came up with a successful diagnosis by interrelating GT13 wash effluent test results of parameters like

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31

Kolp, D. A., and D. J. Moeller. "World’s First Full STIG™ LM5000 Installed at Simpson Paper Company." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 111, no. 2 (1989): 200–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3240237.

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In early 1988, Simpson Paper Company installed the world’s first GE LM5000 cogeneration plant with full high and low pressure steam injection. The full STIG LM5000 achieves a dramatic power increase (from 32.5 MW to 49.5 MW) and remarkable improvements in efficiency from 36 to 43 percent, while reducing NOx emissions from 225 to less than 25 ppmv before further reduction with SCR. The plant, installed at Ripon, CA, features: (1) 130,000 lb/hr (59,000 kg/h) of steam injection at three locations on the gas turbine; (2) the first-time use of SCR with the STIG LM5000 resulting in an ultimate NOx e

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32

Ilsters, Andrievs, and Imants Ziemelis. "Research On Decrease Of Outside Air Heat Pump Passive Evaporators Ice-Cover." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (August 5, 2015): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2011vol1.895.

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Two years (2009-2010) experience of the experimental use of alternative energy sources in technological processes of agriculture is analyzed. Water was heated by an outside air heat pump with passive evaporators, and used for new born piglets resting place floor heating. Experimental data were obtained by the reckoning consumption of electric energy for the operation of the heat pump’s compressor and electric heater, and by a heat meter registering the consumed heat energy. The obtained data show that the outside air heat pump with passive evaporators is working successfully during summer mont

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33

Andi Dwi Apriansyah, Maridjo Maridjo, and Ika Yuliyani. "ANALISIS POWER ACCEPTANCE ENGINE DART7 MK 534-2 DI DEPARTEMEN TEST CELL PT. NUSANTARA TURBIN DAN PROPULSI." Jurnal Teknik Energi 12, no. 1 (2023): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.35313/energi.v12i1.5047.

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Engine sebelum beroperasi perlu dilakukan proses pengujian power acceptance test. Power acceptance test adalah pengujian untuk mendapatkan hasil kelayakan engine untuk beroperasi dengan parameter yang meliputi putaran (speed), daya (shaft horse power), aliran bahan bakar (fuel flow), specific fuel consumption, temperature. Tahapan dalam power acceptance engine meliputi engine shipping, engine installation on test bed, prior to start check in control room, test check for tester and principal tester, kemudian dilakukan engine test general dengan urutan compressor washing, test oil circulat

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34

Tarabrin, A. P., V. A. Schurovsky, A. I. Bodrov, and J. P. Stalder. "An Analysis of Axial Compressor Fouling and a Blade Cleaning Method." Journal of Turbomachinery 120, no. 2 (1998): 256–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2841400.

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The paper describes the phenomenon of axial compressor fouling due to aerosols contained in the air. Key parameters having effect on the level of fouling are determined. A mathematical model of a progressive compressor fouling using the stage-by-stage calculation method is developed. Calculation results on the influence of fouling on the compressor performance are presented. A new index of sensitivity of axial compressors to fouling is suggested. The paper gives information about Turbotect’s deposit cleaning method of compressor blading and the results of its application on an operating indust

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35

Cho, Dong-Hyun. "A Study on a High-Temperature/High-Pressure Washing System in which High-Temperature Water is Generated in a Low-Pressure Boiler and High-Pressure Water is Generated Thereafter in a Compressor." Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers 18, no. 1 (2019): 94–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.14775/ksmpe.2019.18.1.094.

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Jung, DaeYi. "Supercritical Coexistence Behavior of Coupled Oscillating Planar Eccentric Rotor/Autobalancer System." Shock and Vibration 2018 (June 7, 2018): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4083897.

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The automatic balancing and undesirable nonsynchronous behavior of coupled oscillating configured flexible foundation and planar eccentric rotor equipped with a passive autobalancer (AB) system has been thoroughly investigated here. Specifically, it is described that the unified AB/rotor unit is attached to a foundation via a symmetric support and the foundation is also mounted on the spring-damper isolator which allows oscillating only vertically. Therefore, the AB/rotor unit dynamically interacts with the flexible foundation, which is quite analogous to well-known vertically coupled two-spri

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37

Ujam,, A. J. "Performance Evaluation of a Gas Turbine Power Plant by the application of Compressor Off-Line and On-Line Water Washing Techniques. (A Case Study of 450MW Sapele Power Station in Delta State, Nigeria)." IOSR Journal of Engineering 3, no. 11 (2013): 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/3021-031112941.

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38

AKÇAGÜN, ENGIN. "Effect of wearing and washing temperature on the performance of compression socks." Industria Textila 73, no. 05 (2022): 544–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/it.073.05.202194.

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Compression socks regulate blood flow in venous systems and are used for therapeutic purposes. The present study, it was aimed to analyse the influence of multiple levels of wearing and washing temperature on compression pressure. 9 pieces of compression socks samples with 3 different combinations (with different polyamide/ elastane body and inlaid yarn) were developed using compression socks knitting machine with a 1×1 laid in, 1×1 knit-miss structure. After the production of the samples, to simulate the “wearing and washing effect” a test protocol was designed. Compression pressure values we

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39

Asanović, Koviljka, Nadiia Bukhonka, Tatjana Mihailović, and Mirjana Kostić. "Structural characteristics, compression and strength properties of plain weft-knitted fabrics before and after washing." Tekstilna industrija 71, no. 2 (2023): 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/tekstind2302036a.

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The structural characteristics, compression, and strength properties of knitted fabrics, before and after washing, were investigated in this paper. The experimental material consisted of three plain weft-knitted fabrics produced of cotton, wool, and organic wool. The structural characteristics of the knitted fabrics were analyzed by measuring the number of courses and Wales per centimeter, stitch density, yarn loop length, weight, and thickness. The compression properties were determined by measuring compressibility, thickness loss, and compressive resilience. The strength properties were inve

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40

Goutsaya, Janvier, Guy Edgar NTAMACK, Bienvenu Kenmeugne, and Saâd Charif d’Ouazzane. "Mechanical characteristics of compressed earth blocks, compressed stabilized earth blocks and stabilized adobe bricks with cement in the town of Ngaoundere - Cameroon." Journal of Building Materials and Structures 8, no. 2 (2021): 139–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.34118/jbms.v8i2.1441.

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The aim of this study is to examine the effects of cement stabilization on the mechanical stress of compressed stabilized earth blocks (CSEBs) and adobe stabilized earth bricks (ASEBs). Hence, this work is based on an experimental study carried out in order to determine the geotechnical properties of the samples soil, namely, the dry particle size analysis after washing, the particle size distribution by sedimentometry, Atterberg limits, and the preparation of specimens with different levels of cement proportions. Moreover, single compression and three-point bending compression out on specimen

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Germanova-Krasteva, Diana, and Elena Nikolova. "Deformation behavior of textile electrodes during compression." E3S Web of Conferences 207 (2020): 03002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020703002.

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Textile electrodes are increasingly used to measure biomedical signals (ECG, EMG, EEG) needed for diagnostic activities in medical practice. Tight contact between the electrode and the human body is required to obtain a quality biopotential signal. Pressure is applied to the electrode to secure it. The aim of the work is to study the deformations caused by the applied efforts. The deformation curves of two models of textile electrodes were determined, which have been examined before and after a certain number of washing cycles (10 and 50), in a wide range of pressure changes on the electrodes

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Karmadi, Ketut Agus, I. Wayan Redana, I. Nengah Simpen, Mawiti Infantri, and Bambang Soenarto. "DRILLING GROUNDWATER FOR RAW WATER IN SEMBIRAN VILLAGE,TEJAKULA DISTRICTS, BULELENG REGENCY." International Journal of Engineering and Emerging Technology 5, no. 1 (2020): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ijeet.2020.v05.i01.p14.

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ABSTRACT- Water is an absolute necessity that must be met, both for drinking water and for irrigation. An alternative to meet the water needs other than rainwater or surface water, is by taking underground water by drilling deep wells. Sembiran Village is a village located in Tejakula District, Buleleng Regency, the village is a dry area that requires water, both for drinking water and for agriculture. Location of groundwater drilling including Tejakula groundwater basin. In order to achieve the above objectives, an effective and efficient groundwater drilling technique should be carried out c

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Tuguzbaeva, R. B., and Sh Sh Khakimov. "OPTIMAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE PROCESSED WOOL MASS IN SQUEEZING ROLLERS TO ENSURE BETTER PROCESS EFFICIENCY." Journal of Science and Innovative Development 6, no. 6 (2023): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.36522/2181-9637-2023-6-4.

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The article discusses a squeezing device in a wool washing machine that helps resist low squeezing efficiency, providing high-quality washing. The analysis presents roller mechanisms, which ensure a higher level of wool purity and an optimal squeezing process. Findings, presented graphically, show the distribution of the mass of processed wool as it passes through a pair of shafts. The geometry of the layer of wool compressed in testing affects the movement of a liquid within it, the distribution of pressure across the width of the layer, the conditions of capture, and its movement within the

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Repon, Md Reazuddin, Ginta Laureckiene, and Daiva Mikucioniene. "The Influence of Electro-Conductive Compression Knits Wearing Conditions on Heating Characteristics." Materials 14, no. 22 (2021): 6780. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14226780.

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Textile-based heaters have opened new opportunities for next-generation smart heating devices. This experiment presents electrically conductive textiles for heat generation in orthopaedic compression supports. The main goal was to investigate the influence of frequent washing and stretching on heat generation durability of constructed compression knitted structures. The silver coated polyamide yarns were used to knit a half-Milano rib structure containing elastomeric inlay-yarn. Dimensional stability of the knitted fabric and morphological changes of the silver coated electro-conductive yarns

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Candan, Cevza, Banu Nergis, Sena Cimilli Duru, and Bilge Koyuncu. "Development of a Care Labelling Process for Compression Stockings Based on Natural (Cotton) Fibers." Polymers 13, no. 13 (2021): 2107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13132107.

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This study is to investigate to what extent the performance of compression stockings with cotton components deteriorates after repeated washing processes. Four compression stockings having at least one cotton constituent yarn and two all-nylon stockings as reference samples were produced under controlled commercial conditions. After analysing the data obtained, a care labelling process for the compression socks with cotton components was developed such that they can preserve their compression properties over successive laundering treatments.

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Tagowski, Michał, and Ireneusz Piotr Chmielik. "The Effect of Surface Preparation on Result Deviations During Roughness Measurements Using the Contact Method." Applied Sciences 14, no. 21 (2024): 9849. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14219849.

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This paper presents the influence of the preparation of the inspected surface on the deviations obtained when measuring the basic roughness parameters using the contact method. The problems described in the article are often encountered in industry when measurements are performed in mass production conditions, where a short measurement time is extremely important. Presented are the measurement results of five samples made of 1.0503 steel after the grinding process, subjected to various methods of preparation for roughness measurement: sample immediately after treatment, sample after treatment

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Somogyi Škoc, Maja, Slavica Bogović, Antonija Čulina, and Iva Rezić Meštrović. "Investigation of the Influence of Washing on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Polymer Materials for Bandages." Polymers 17, no. 11 (2025): 1552. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17111552.

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An elastic bandage or tensor bandage is widely known as a flexible medical device made of polymer materials. It is usually made of cotton and reinforced with elastic yarns. Depending on the therapy and clinical picture, elastic bandages are used for compression treatment and as support bandages. The aim of this work was to carry out a washing process and investigate its influence on the physical–mechanical properties of elastic bandages. The washing process was carried out at 40 °C with 25, 50, 60, and 70 wash cycles using Autowash 311L. The elastic bandages were subjected to a tensile load. T

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Teyeme, Yetanawork, Benny Malengier, Tamrat Tesfaye, Simona Vasile, Wolelaw Endalew, and Lieva Van Langenhove. "Predicting Compression Pressure of Knitted Fabric Using a Modified Laplace’s Law." Materials 14, no. 16 (2021): 4461. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14164461.

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The aim of this study is to develop a mathematical model for the prediction of compression pressure based on fabric parameters, such as engineering stress, engineering strain and engineering modulus of elasticity. Four knitted compression fabrics with different fibrous compositions and knit structures were used. Rectangular-cut strips were employed for the force–elongation characterization of the fabrics. The experimental pressure values between the fabric and rigid cylinder were assessed using a Picopress pressure measuring device. The mechanical and physical parameters of the fabric that inf

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Gulbahar Mammadova, Elgun Gajar, Gulbahar Mammadova, Elgun Gajar. "EFFECTIVE ANALYSIS OF SAND PLUG WASHING IN WELLS." PAHTEI-Procedings of Azerbaijan High Technical Educational Institutions 40, no. 05 (2024): 429–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/pahtei40052024-429.

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In order to expedite the removal of sand-mud mixture from the bottom of the well, efficient pumping methods are employed. The basis of washing out the sand plug with mud lies in dispersing the plug with washing mud and lifting it to the surface with mud flow. In field practice, straight, reverse, and combined pumping methods are used. In the straight pumping method, washing mud is injected into the well bottom with a washing pipe string, and the sand plug is dispersed with a mud jet. The sand-mud mixture is then lifted to the surface by gas lift. In the reverse pumping method, washing mud is i

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Chen, O. T. C., B. J. Sheu, and Zhen Zhang. "An adaptive vector quantizer based on the Gold-Washing method for image compression." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology 4, no. 2 (1994): 143–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/76.285621.

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